Verfügbarkeit: Physics of surfaces and interfaces

Physics of surfaces and interfaces:

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser:	Ibach, Harald 1941- (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Berlin ; Heidelberg Springer [2006]
Schlagworte:	Superfície física Biological interfaces Surface chemistry Surfaces (Physics) Oberflächenphysik Grenzflächenphysik
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke
Beschreibung:	XII, 646 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme
ISBN:	3540347097 9783540347095

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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	Contents 1 Structure of Surfaces ............................................................ 1 1.1 Surface Crystallography .................................................. 2 1.1.1 Diffraction at Surfaces .......................................... 2 1.1.2 Surface Superlattices ............................................ 7 1.2 Structure of Surfaces ...................................................... 12 1.2.1 Face Centered Cubic (fee) Structures ......................... 12 1.2.2 Body Centered Cubic (bec) Structures ........................ 17 1.2.3 Diamond, Zincblende and Wurtzite ............................ 19 1.2.4 Surfaces with Adsorbates ........................................ 30 1.3 Defects at Surfaces ......................................................... 32 1.3.1 Line Defects ....................................................... 33 1.3.2 Point Defects ...................................................... 46 1.4 Observation of Defects .................................................... 51 1.4.1 Diffraction Techniques .......................................... 51 1.4.2 Scanning Microprobes .......................................... 55 1.5 The Structure of the Solid/Electrolyte Interface ........................ 58 2 Basic Techniques ................................................................ 63 2.1 Ex-Situ Preparation ....................................................... 63 2.1.1 The Making of Crystals .......................................... 63 2.1.2 Preparing Single Crystal Surfaces ............................. 65 2.2 Surfaces in Ultra-High Vacuum ......................................... 71 2.2.1 UHV-Technology ................................................ 71 2.2.2 Surface Analysis ................................................. 81 2.2.3 Sample Preparation in UHV ................................... 88 2.3 Surfaces in an Electrochemical Cell .................................... 95 2.3.1 The Three-Electrode Arrangement ............................ 95 2.3.2 Voltammograms .................................................. 97 2.3.3 Preparation of Single Crystal Electrodes ...................... 101 3 Basic Concepts ................................................................... 103 3.1 Electronic States and Chemical Bonding in Bulk Solids ............ 103 3.1.1 Metals .............................................................. 103 3.1.2 Semiconductors ................................................. 106 3.1.3 From Covalent Bonding to Ions in Solutions ................ 109 3.2 Charge Distribution atSurfaces and Interfaces ........................ 112 3.2.1 Metal Surfaces in the Jellium Approximation ................ 112 3.2.2 Space Charge Layers at Semiconductor Interfaces .......... 116 3.2.3 Charge at the Solid/Electrolyte Interface ..................... 121 3.3 Elasticity Theory .......................................................... 125 3.3.1 Strain, Stress and Elasticity ..................................... 125 3.3.2 Elastic Energy in Strained Layers .............................. 129 3.3.3 Thin Film Stress and Bending of a Substrate ................. 132 3.4 Elastic Interactions Between Defects ................................... 139 3.4.1 Outline of the Problem ........................................... 139 3.4.2 Interaction Between Point and Line Defects ................. 142 3.4.3 Pattern Formation via Elastic Interactions .................... 144 Equilibrium Thermodynamics ............................................... 149 4.1 The Hierarchy of Equilibria .............................................. 149 4.2 Thermodynamics of Flat Surfaces and Interfaces ..................... 152 4.2.1 The Interface Free Energy ....................................... 152 4.2.2 Surface Excesses .................................................. 158 4.2.3 Charged Surfaces at Constant Potential ....................... 161 4.2.4 Maxwell Relations and Their Applications .................... 164 4.2.5 Solid and Solid-Liquid Interfaces .............................. 168 4.3 Curved Surfaces and Surface Defects ................................... 172 4.3.1 Equilibrium Shape of a Three-Dimensional Crystal ........ 172 4.3.2 Rough Surfaces ................................................... 180 4.3.3 Step Line Tension and Stiffness ............................... 184 4.3.4 Point Defects ...................................................... 187 4.3.5 Steps on Charged Surfaces ...................................... 188 4.3.6 Point Defect on Charged Surfaces ............................ 194 4.3.7 Equilibrium Fluctuations of Line Defects and Surfaces ...... 196 4.3.8. Islands Shape Fluctuations ...................................... 201 Statistical Thermodynamics of Surfaces .................................. 207 5.1 General Concepts ........................................................... 207 5.1.1 Internal Energy and Free Energy ............................... 207 5.1.2 Application to the Ideal Gas .................................... 208 5.1.3 The Vapor Pressure of Solids .................................. 210 5.2 The Terrace-Step-Kink Model .......................................... 211 5.2.1 Basic Assumptions and Properties ............................ 211 5.2.2 Step-Step Interactions on Vicinal Surfaces .................. 215 5.2.3 Simple Solutions for the Problem of Interacting Steps ..... 218 5.2.4 Models for Thermal Roughening .............................. 221 5.2.5 Phonon Entropy of Steps ....................................... 223 5.3 The Ising-Model ........................................................... 225 5.3.1 Application to the Equilibrium Shape of Islands ............. 225 5.3.2 Further Properties of the Model ................................. 228 5.4. Lattice Gas Models........................................................ 233 5.4.1 Lattice Gas with No Interactions ............................... 233 5.4.2 Lattice Gas or Real 2D-Gas? .................................. 235 5.4.3 Segregation ....................................................... 238 5.4.4 Phase Transitions in the Lattice Gas Model.................. 240 Adsorption ..................................................................... 245 6.1 Physisorption and Chemisorption - General Issues ................... 245 6.2 Isotherms, Isosters, andlsobars ......................................... 254 6.2.1 The Langmuir Isotherm ....................................... 254 6.2.2 Lattice Gas with Mean Field Interaction - the Fowler-Frumkin Isotherm ............................... 255 6.2.3 Experimental Determination of the Heat of Adsorption ... 260 6.2.4 Underpotential Deposition ...................................... 264 6.2.5 Specific Adsorption of Ions ...................................... 269 6.3 Desorption .................................................................. 273 6.3.1 Desorption Spectroscopy ....................................... 273 6.3.2 Theory of Desorption Rates .................................... 276 6.4 The Chemical Bond of Adsorbates ..................................... 284 6.4.1 Carbon Monoxide (CO) .......................................... 284 6.4.2 Nitric Oxide ....................................................... 287 6.4.3 The Oxygen Molecule ............................................ 288 6.4.4 Water ............................................................... 289 6.4.5 Hydrocarbons ..................................................... 291 6.4.6 Alkali Metals ...................................................... 295 6.4.7 Hydrogen .......................................................... 300 6.4.8 Group IV- VII Atoms ............................................ 303 Vibrational Excitations at Surfaces ........................................ 309 7.1 Surface Phonons of Solids ................................................ 309 7.1.1 General Aspects .................................................. 309 7.1.2 Surface Lattice Dynamics ..................................... 312 7.1.3 Surface Stress and the Nearest Neighbor Central Force Model ............................................. 315 7.1.4 Surface Phonons in the Acoustic Limit ....................... 317 7.1.5 Surface Phonons and Ab-Initio Theory ....................... 319 7.1.6 Kohn Anomalies ................................................... 321 7.1.7 Dielectric Surface Waves ........................................ 323 7.2 Adsórbate Modes .......................................................... 327 7.2.1 Dispersion of Adsórbate Modes ............................... 327 7.2.2 Localized Modes ................................................. 330 7.2.3 Selection Rules ................................................... 333 7.3 Inelastic Scattering of Helium Atoms ................................... 339 7.3.1 Experiment ....................................................... 339 7.3.2 Theoretical Background ......................................... 342 7.4 Inelastic Scattering of Electrons ......................................... 347 7.4.1 Experiment ........................................................ 347 7.4.2 Theory of Inelastic Electron Scattering ....................... 351 7.5 Optical Techniques ........................................................ 362 7.5.1 Reflection Absorption Infrared Spectroscopy ................ 362 7.5.2 Beyond the Surface Selection Rule ............................ 366 7.5.3 Special Optical Techniques ..................................... 369 7.6 TunneUng Spectroscopy ................................................... 373 і Electronic Properties ........................................................... 379 8.1 Surface Plasmons .......................................................... 379 8.1.1 Surface Plasmons in the Continuum Limit .................... 379 8.1.2 Surface Plasmon Dispersion and Multipole Excitations ... 381 8.2 Electron States at Surfaces ................................................ 383 8.2.1 General Issues ..................................................... 383 8.2.2 Probing Occupied States - Photoemission Spectroscopy... 386 8.2.3 Probing Unoccupied States ..................................... 391 8.2.4 Surface States on Semiconductors ............................. 394 8.2.5 Surface States on Metals ........................................ 401 8.2.6 Band Structure of Adsorbates ................................... 407 8.2.7 Core Level Spectroscopy ........................................ 410 8.3 Quantum Size Effects ..................................................... 413 8.3.1 ThinFilms ........................................................ 413 8.3.2 Oscillations in the Total Energy of Thin Films .............. 417 8.3.3 Confinement of Surface States by Defects ................... 420 8.3.4 Oscillatory Interactions between Adatoms.................... 425 8.4 Electronic Transport ...................................................... 427 8.4.1 Conduction in Thin Films- the Effect of Adsorbates ..... 427 8.4.2 Conduction in Thin Films - the Solution of the Boltzmann Equation ..................... 431 8.4.3 Conduction in Space Charge Layers ......................... 435 8.4.4 From Nanowires to Quantum Conduction .................. 437 9 Magnetism ....................................................................... 445 9.1 Magnetism of Bulk Solids ................................................ 445 9.1.1 General Issues ..................................................... 445 9.1.2 Magnetic Anisotropy of Various Crystal Structures ......... 447 9.2 Magnetism of Surfaces and Thin Film Systems ....................... 451 9.2.1 Experimental Methods ........................................... 451 9.2.2 Magnetic Anisotropy in Thin Film Systems .................. 455 9.2.3 Curie Temperature of Low Dimensional Systems .......... 459 9.2.4 Temperature Dependence of the Magnetization ............. 463 9.3 Domain Walls ................................................................. 467 9.3.1 Bloch and Néel Walls ............................................ 467 9.3.2 Domain Walls in Thin Films ................................... 468 9.3.3 The Internal Structure of Domain Walls in Thin Films ..... 470 9.4 Magnetic Coupling in Thin Film Systems ............................ 473 9.4.1 Exchange Bias .................................................... 473 9.4.2 The GMR Effect .................................................. 476 9.4.3 Magnetic Coupling Across Nonmagnetic Interlayers ...... 479 9.5 Magnetic Excitations ....................................................... 482 9.5.1 Stoner Excitations and Spin Waves ........................... 482 9.5.2 Magnetostatic Spin Waves at Surfaces and in Thin Films.. 485 9.5.3 Exchange-Coupled Surface Spin Waves ..................... 486 10 Diffusion at Surfaces ........................................................... 491 10.1. Stochastic Motion ......................................................... 491 10.1.1 Observation of Single Atom Diffusion Events ............... 491 10.1.2 Statistics of Random Walk ...................................... 495 10.1.3 Absolute Rate Theory ........................................... 498 10.1.4 Calculation of the Prefactor ..................................... 500 10.1.5 Cluster and Island Diffusion .................................... 503 10.2 Continuum Theory of Diffusion ......................................... 505 10.2.1 Transition from Stochastic Motion to Continuum Theory.. 505 10.2.2 Smoothening of a Rough Surface ............................... 508 10.2.3 Decay of Protrusions in Steps and Equilibration of Islands after Coalescence .................................................. 511 10.2.4 Asaro-Tiller-Grinfeld Instability and Crack Propagation. .. 514 10.3 The Ehrlich-Schwoebel Barrier ......................................... 518 10.3.1 The Qmcept of the Ehrlich-Schwoebel Barrier ............. 518 10.3.2 Mass Transport on Stepped Surfaces ......................... 520 10.3.3 The Kink Ehrlich-Schwoebel Barrier ........................ 522 10.3.4 The Atomistic Picture of the Ehrlich-Schwoebel Barrier .. 523 10.4 Ripening Processes in Well-Defmed Geometries .................... 525 10.4.1 Ostwald Ripening in Two-Dimensions ....................... 525 10.4.2 Attachment/Detachment Limited Decay ..................... 530 10.4.3 Diffusion Limited Decay ........................................ 532 10.4.4 Extension to Noncircular Geometries ......................... 535 10.4.5 Interlayer Transport in Stacks of Islands ...................... 536 10.4.6 Atomic Landslides ................................................ 538 10.4.7 Ripening at the Solid/Electrolyte Interface .................... 540 10.5 The Time Dependence of Step Fluctuations .......................... 542 10.5.1 The Basic Phenomenon ......................................... 542 10.5.2 Scaling Laws for Step Fluctuations ............................ 544 10.5.3 Experiments on Step Fluctuations ............................. 550 11 Nucleation and Growth ........................................................ 555 11.1. Nucleation under Controlled Flux ...................................... 556 11.1.1 Nucleation ........................................................ 556 11.1.2 Growth Without Diffusion ....................................... 561 11.1.3 Growth with Hindered Interlayer Transport .................. 565 11.1.4 Growth with Facile Interlayer Transport ..................... 567 11.2 Nucleation and Growth under Chemical Potential Control ......... 572 11.2.1 Two-Dimensional Nucleation .................................. 572 11.2.2 Two-Dimensional Nucleation in Heteroepitaxy ............. 574 11.2.3 Three-Dimensional Nucleation ................................. 576 11.2.4 Theory of Nucleation Rates .................................... 580 11.2.5 Rates for 2D-and SD-Nucleation .............................. 587 11.2.6 Nucleation Experiments at Solid Electrodes ................. 593 11.3 Nucleation and Growth in Strained Systems .......................... 597 11.3.1 2D-Nucleation on Strained Layers ............................. 597 11.3.2 SD-nucleation on Strained Layers ............................. 600 11.4 Nucleation-Free Growth ................................................... 603 11.4.1 The Steady State Concentration Profile ...................... 603 11.4.2 Step Flow Growth ............................................... 605 11.4.3 Meander Instability of Steps .................................... 607 Appendix: Surface Brillouin Zones ............................................... 613 References ............................................................................. 615 Subject Index .......................................................................... 635 List of Common Acronyms ....................................................... 645
adam_txt	Contents 1 Structure of Surfaces . 1 1.1 Surface Crystallography . 2 1.1.1 Diffraction at Surfaces . 2 1.1.2 Surface Superlattices . 7 1.2 Structure of Surfaces . 12 1.2.1 Face Centered Cubic (fee) Structures . 12 1.2.2 Body Centered Cubic (bec) Structures . 17 1.2.3 Diamond, Zincblende and Wurtzite . 19 1.2.4 Surfaces with Adsorbates . 30 1.3 Defects at Surfaces . 32 1.3.1 Line Defects . 33 1.3.2 Point Defects . 46 1.4 Observation of Defects . 51 1.4.1 Diffraction Techniques . 51 1.4.2 Scanning Microprobes . 55 1.5 The Structure of the Solid/Electrolyte Interface . 58 2 Basic Techniques . 63 2.1 Ex-Situ Preparation . 63 2.1.1 The Making of Crystals . 63 2.1.2 Preparing Single Crystal Surfaces . 65 2.2 Surfaces in Ultra-High Vacuum . 71 2.2.1 UHV-Technology . 71 2.2.2 Surface Analysis . 81 2.2.3 Sample Preparation in UHV . 88 2.3 Surfaces in an Electrochemical Cell . 95 2.3.1 The Three-Electrode Arrangement . 95 2.3.2 Voltammograms . 97 2.3.3 Preparation of Single Crystal Electrodes . 101 3 Basic Concepts . 103 3.1 Electronic States and Chemical Bonding in Bulk Solids . 103 3.1.1 Metals . 103 3.1.2 Semiconductors . 106 3.1.3 From Covalent Bonding to Ions in Solutions . 109 3.2 Charge Distribution atSurfaces and Interfaces . 112 3.2.1 Metal Surfaces in the Jellium Approximation . 112 3.2.2 Space Charge Layers at Semiconductor Interfaces . 116 3.2.3 Charge at the Solid/Electrolyte Interface . 121 3.3 Elasticity Theory . 125 3.3.1 Strain, Stress and Elasticity . 125 3.3.2 Elastic Energy in Strained Layers . 129 3.3.3 Thin Film Stress and Bending of a Substrate . 132 3.4 Elastic Interactions Between Defects . 139 3.4.1 Outline of the Problem . 139 3.4.2 Interaction Between Point and Line Defects . 142 3.4.3 Pattern Formation via Elastic Interactions . 144 Equilibrium Thermodynamics . 149 4.1 The Hierarchy of Equilibria . 149 4.2 Thermodynamics of Flat Surfaces and Interfaces . 152 4.2.1 The Interface Free Energy . 152 4.2.2 Surface Excesses . 158 4.2.3 Charged Surfaces at Constant Potential . 161 4.2.4 Maxwell Relations and Their Applications . 164 4.2.5 Solid and Solid-Liquid Interfaces . 168 4.3 Curved Surfaces and Surface Defects . 172 4.3.1 Equilibrium Shape of a Three-Dimensional Crystal . 172 4.3.2 Rough Surfaces . 180 4.3.3 Step Line Tension and Stiffness . 184 4.3.4 Point Defects . 187 4.3.5 Steps on Charged Surfaces . 188 4.3.6 Point Defect on Charged Surfaces . 194 4.3.7 Equilibrium Fluctuations of Line Defects and Surfaces . 196 4.3.8. Islands Shape Fluctuations . 201 Statistical Thermodynamics of Surfaces . 207 5.1 General Concepts . 207 5.1.1 Internal Energy and Free Energy . 207 5.1.2 Application to the Ideal Gas . 208 5.1.3 The Vapor Pressure of Solids . 210 5.2 The Terrace-Step-Kink Model . 211 5.2.1 Basic Assumptions and Properties . 211 5.2.2 Step-Step Interactions on Vicinal Surfaces . 215 5.2.3 Simple Solutions for the Problem of Interacting Steps . 218 5.2.4 Models for Thermal Roughening . 221 5.2.5 Phonon Entropy of Steps . 223 5.3 The Ising-Model . 225 5.3.1 Application to the Equilibrium Shape of Islands . 225 5.3.2 Further Properties of the Model . 228 5.4. Lattice Gas Models. 233 5.4.1 Lattice Gas with No Interactions . 233 5.4.2 Lattice Gas or Real 2D-Gas? . 235 5.4.3 Segregation . 238 5.4.4 Phase Transitions in the Lattice Gas Model. 240 Adsorption . 245 6.1 Physisorption and Chemisorption - General Issues . 245 6.2 Isotherms, Isosters, andlsobars . 254 6.2.1 The Langmuir Isotherm . 254 6.2.2 Lattice Gas with Mean Field Interaction - the Fowler-Frumkin Isotherm . 255 6.2.3 Experimental Determination of the Heat of Adsorption . 260 6.2.4 Underpotential Deposition . 264 6.2.5 Specific Adsorption of Ions . 269 6.3 Desorption . 273 6.3.1 Desorption Spectroscopy . 273 6.3.2 Theory of Desorption Rates . 276 6.4 The Chemical Bond of Adsorbates . 284 6.4.1 Carbon Monoxide (CO) . 284 6.4.2 Nitric Oxide . 287 6.4.3 The Oxygen Molecule . 288 6.4.4 Water . 289 6.4.5 Hydrocarbons . 291 6.4.6 Alkali Metals . 295 6.4.7 Hydrogen . 300 6.4.8 Group IV- VII Atoms . 303 Vibrational Excitations at Surfaces . 309 7.1 Surface Phonons of Solids . 309 7.1.1 General Aspects . 309 7.1.2 Surface Lattice Dynamics . 312 7.1.3 Surface Stress and the Nearest Neighbor Central Force Model . 315 7.1.4 Surface Phonons in the Acoustic Limit . 317 7.1.5 Surface Phonons and Ab-Initio Theory . 319 7.1.6 Kohn Anomalies . 321 7.1.7 Dielectric Surface Waves . 323 7.2 Adsórbate Modes . 327 7.2.1 Dispersion of Adsórbate Modes . 327 7.2.2 Localized Modes . 330 7.2.3 Selection Rules . 333 7.3 Inelastic Scattering of Helium Atoms . 339 7.3.1 Experiment . 339 7.3.2 Theoretical Background . 342 7.4 Inelastic Scattering of Electrons . 347 7.4.1 Experiment . 347 7.4.2 Theory of Inelastic Electron Scattering . 351 7.5 Optical Techniques . 362 7.5.1 Reflection Absorption Infrared Spectroscopy . 362 7.5.2 Beyond the Surface Selection Rule . 366 7.5.3 Special Optical Techniques . 369 7.6 TunneUng Spectroscopy . 373 і Electronic Properties . 379 8.1 Surface Plasmons . 379 8.1.1 Surface Plasmons in the Continuum Limit . 379 8.1.2 Surface Plasmon Dispersion and Multipole Excitations . 381 8.2 Electron States at Surfaces . 383 8.2.1 General Issues . 383 8.2.2 Probing Occupied States - Photoemission Spectroscopy. 386 8.2.3 Probing Unoccupied States . 391 8.2.4 Surface States on Semiconductors . 394 8.2.5 Surface States on Metals . 401 8.2.6 Band Structure of Adsorbates . 407 8.2.7 Core Level Spectroscopy . 410 8.3 Quantum Size Effects . 413 8.3.1 ThinFilms . 413 8.3.2 Oscillations in the Total Energy of Thin Films . 417 8.3.3 Confinement of Surface States by Defects . 420 8.3.4 Oscillatory Interactions between Adatoms. 425 8.4 Electronic Transport . 427 8.4.1 Conduction in Thin Films- the Effect of Adsorbates . 427 8.4.2 Conduction in Thin Films - the Solution of the Boltzmann Equation . 431 8.4.3 Conduction in Space Charge Layers . 435 8.4.4 From Nanowires to Quantum Conduction . 437 9 Magnetism . 445 9.1 Magnetism of Bulk Solids . 445 9.1.1 General Issues . 445 9.1.2 Magnetic Anisotropy of Various Crystal Structures . 447 9.2 Magnetism of Surfaces and Thin Film Systems . 451 9.2.1 Experimental Methods . 451 9.2.2 Magnetic Anisotropy in Thin Film Systems . 455 9.2.3 Curie Temperature of Low Dimensional Systems . 459 9.2.4 Temperature Dependence of the Magnetization . 463 9.3 Domain Walls . 467 9.3.1 Bloch and Néel Walls . 467 9.3.2 Domain Walls in Thin Films . 468 9.3.3 The Internal Structure of Domain Walls in Thin Films . 470 9.4 Magnetic Coupling in Thin Film Systems . 473 9.4.1 Exchange Bias . 473 9.4.2 The GMR Effect . 476 9.4.3 Magnetic Coupling Across Nonmagnetic Interlayers . 479 9.5 Magnetic Excitations . 482 9.5.1 Stoner Excitations and Spin Waves . 482 9.5.2 Magnetostatic Spin Waves at Surfaces and in Thin Films. 485 9.5.3 Exchange-Coupled Surface Spin Waves . 486 10 Diffusion at Surfaces . 491 10.1. Stochastic Motion . 491 10.1.1 Observation of Single Atom Diffusion Events . 491 10.1.2 Statistics of Random Walk . 495 10.1.3 Absolute Rate Theory . 498 10.1.4 Calculation of the Prefactor . 500 10.1.5 Cluster and Island Diffusion . 503 10.2 Continuum Theory of Diffusion . 505 10.2.1 Transition from Stochastic Motion to Continuum Theory. 505 10.2.2 Smoothening of a Rough Surface . 508 10.2.3 Decay of Protrusions in Steps and Equilibration of Islands after Coalescence . 511 10.2.4 Asaro-Tiller-Grinfeld Instability and Crack Propagation. . 514 10.3 The Ehrlich-Schwoebel Barrier . 518 10.3.1 The Qmcept of the Ehrlich-Schwoebel Barrier . 518 10.3.2 Mass Transport on Stepped Surfaces . 520 10.3.3 The Kink Ehrlich-Schwoebel Barrier . 522 10.3.4 The Atomistic Picture of the Ehrlich-Schwoebel Barrier . 523 10.4 Ripening Processes in Well-Defmed Geometries . 525 10.4.1 Ostwald Ripening in Two-Dimensions . 525 10.4.2 Attachment/Detachment Limited Decay . 530 10.4.3 Diffusion Limited Decay . 532 10.4.4 Extension to Noncircular Geometries . 535 10.4.5 Interlayer Transport in Stacks of Islands . 536 10.4.6 Atomic Landslides . 538 10.4.7 Ripening at the Solid/Electrolyte Interface . 540 10.5 The Time Dependence of Step Fluctuations . 542 10.5.1 The Basic Phenomenon . 542 10.5.2 Scaling Laws for Step Fluctuations . 544 10.5.3 Experiments on Step Fluctuations . 550 11 Nucleation and Growth . 555 11.1. Nucleation under Controlled Flux . 556 11.1.1 Nucleation . 556 11.1.2 Growth Without Diffusion . 561 11.1.3 Growth with Hindered Interlayer Transport . 565 11.1.4 Growth with Facile Interlayer Transport . 567 11.2 Nucleation and Growth under Chemical Potential Control . 572 11.2.1 Two-Dimensional Nucleation . 572 11.2.2 Two-Dimensional Nucleation in Heteroepitaxy . 574 11.2.3 Three-Dimensional Nucleation . 576 11.2.4 Theory of Nucleation Rates . 580 11.2.5 Rates for 2D-and SD-Nucleation . 587 11.2.6 Nucleation Experiments at Solid Electrodes . 593 11.3 Nucleation and Growth in Strained Systems . 597 11.3.1 2D-Nucleation on Strained Layers . 597 11.3.2 SD-nucleation on Strained Layers . 600 11.4 Nucleation-Free Growth . 603 11.4.1 The Steady State Concentration Profile . 603 11.4.2 Step Flow Growth . 605 11.4.3 Meander Instability of Steps . 607 Appendix: Surface Brillouin Zones . 613 References . 615 Subject Index . 635 List of Common Acronyms . 645
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illustrated	Illustrated
index_date	2024-07-02T15:40:19Z
indexdate	2024-07-09T20:43:50Z
institution	BVB
isbn	3540347097 9783540347095
language	English
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014989607
oclc_num	74270148
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-29T DE-20 DE-1051 DE-703 DE-92 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-634 DE-384 DE-83 DE-11 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-188 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM
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physical	XII, 646 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme
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publisher	Springer
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spelling	Ibach, Harald 1941- Verfasser (DE-588)12151269X aut Physics of surfaces and interfaces Harald Ibach Berlin ; Heidelberg Springer [2006] @2006 XII, 646 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke Superfície física larpcal Biological interfaces Surface chemistry Surfaces (Physics) Oberflächenphysik (DE-588)4134881-3 gnd rswk-swf Grenzflächenphysik (DE-588)4452968-5 gnd rswk-swf Oberflächenphysik (DE-588)4134881-3 s DE-604 Grenzflächenphysik (DE-588)4452968-5 s Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014989607&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Ibach, Harald 1941- Physics of surfaces and interfaces Superfície física larpcal Biological interfaces Surface chemistry Surfaces (Physics) Oberflächenphysik (DE-588)4134881-3 gnd Grenzflächenphysik (DE-588)4452968-5 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4134881-3 (DE-588)4452968-5
title	Physics of surfaces and interfaces
title_auth	Physics of surfaces and interfaces
title_exact_search	Physics of surfaces and interfaces
title_exact_search_txtP	Physics of surfaces and interfaces
title_full	Physics of surfaces and interfaces Harald Ibach
title_fullStr	Physics of surfaces and interfaces Harald Ibach
title_full_unstemmed	Physics of surfaces and interfaces Harald Ibach
title_short	Physics of surfaces and interfaces
title_sort	physics of surfaces and interfaces
topic	Superfície física larpcal Biological interfaces Surface chemistry Surfaces (Physics) Oberflächenphysik (DE-588)4134881-3 gnd Grenzflächenphysik (DE-588)4452968-5 gnd
topic_facet	Superfície física Biological interfaces Surface chemistry Surfaces (Physics) Oberflächenphysik Grenzflächenphysik
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014989607&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT ibachharald physicsofsurfacesandinterfaces

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