Self-esteem research, theory, and practice: toward a positive psychology of self-esteem
"Dr. Mruk has produced a highly readable new edition of his original work on an often misunderstood psychological construct - self-esteem. Mruk's view that self-esteem is a critically important influence on psychological adjustment and quality of life is now an accepted tenet in personalit...
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York
Springer
2006
|
| Edition: | 3. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Summary: | "Dr. Mruk has produced a highly readable new edition of his original work on an often misunderstood psychological construct - self-esteem. Mruk's view that self-esteem is a critically important influence on psychological adjustment and quality of life is now an accepted tenet in personality theory."--BOOK JACKET. |
| Physical Description: | XIV,294 S. |
| ISBN: | 082610231X |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction xiii
Chapter 1 The Crucial Issue of Defining Self Esteem 1
The Central Issue of Defining Self Esteem 8
Types of Definitions 10
Self Esteem as Competence 12
Self Esteem as Worthiness 16
Self Esteem as Competence and Worthiness 19
A Two Factor Definition of Self Esteem
and the World of Everyday Life 23
A Phenomenological, Meaning Based Approach
to a Two Factor Definition 27
Chapter 2 Self Esteem Research Problems and Issues 31
Major Self Esteem Paradoxes 31
Is the Self in Self Esteem Primarily Psychological
or Sociological? 32
Self Esteem as a Trait versus a State 33
Is the Function of Self Esteem a Motivational Need
or a Calling? 34
Is Self Esteem a Developmental Product or Process? 35
Is Self Esteem an Independent or a Dependent
Variable? 35
Summation of the Paradoxes 36
Problems with Assessing Self Esteem 37
Measuring the Right Things 37
Dealing with Dynamic Factors 38
v
vi Contents
The Development of Norms 38
Self Report Problems 39
Test Validity: A Question of Limits 40
Problems Generated by Using the Scientific Method 41
Methodological Diversity in Researching Self Esteem 41
The Problem of Scientific Paradigms and Self Esteem
Research 46
Phenomenological Methods 48
Qualitative Advances in Researching Self Esteem 51
Integrated Description 54
The Question of Validity and Researching Self Esteem 56
Validity in Self Esteem Research 58
Conclusion 61
Chapter 3 Major Self Esteem Research Findings 63
Parental Factors 64
Genetics 64
Parental Support (Involvement) 64
Parental Warmth (Acceptance) 65
Parental Expectations and Consistency 65
Parenting Style 66
Birth Order 66
Modeling 67
Summary 67
Self Esteem and Values 68
Social Values 69
Self Values 69
Gender and Self Esteem 71
Racial, Ethnic, and Economic Factors Affecting
Self Esteem 72
Cultural Orientation and Self Esteem 74
The Sources of Self Esteem 75
Acceptance versus Rejection 76
Virtue versus Guilt 76
Influence versus Powerlessness 77
Achievements versus Failures 78
Competence and Worthiness as the Sources
of Self Esteem 78
Paradoxes Revisited 80
The Self in Self Esteem Is both Psychological
and Sociological 80
Traits and States: Self Esteem Types and Levels 82
Self Esteem Functions as a Motivational
Need and a Call 90
Self Esteem as a Developmental Product
and Process 92
Self Esteem as a Variable? 94
Good Self Esteem Assessment Instruments 96
Effective Self Esteem Enhancement Techniques 97
Contents vii
The Importance of Being Accepting and Caring 98
Providing Consistent, Positive (Affirming) Feedback 98
Generating Positive Self Feedback
through Cognitive Restructuring 99
Increasing Self Esteem by Using Natural
Self Esteem Moments 100
Enhancing Self Esteem by Assertiveness
Training (Empowerment) 100
Increasing Self Esteem through Modeling 101
Enhancing Self Esteem by Increasing
Problem Solving Skills 101
Two Types of Formats May Be Used
to Enhance Self Esteem 102
Enhancing Self Esteem Requires Practice 104
Integrating the Techniques 104
Chapter 4 Major Self Esteem Theories and Programs 107
Traditional Theoretical Approaches 108
The Jamesian Tradition 108
The Social Learning Tradition 109
The Humanistic Tradition 112
Contemporary Empirically Based Approaches 115
Seymour Epstein s Cognitive Experiential Self Theory 115
Susan Harter s Developmental Approach 118
An Existential View: Terror Management Theory 120
The Evolutionary Approach: Sociometer Theory 123
Summary of Findings about Theories 127
Major Self Esteem Enhancement Programs 127
Frey and Carlock: Eclectic Variations
on a Humanistic Theme 128
Increasing Self Esteem Behaviorally: Pope, McHale,
and Craighead 131
Bednar, Wells, and Peterson: Enhancing
Self Esteem Cognitively 135
Harter s Developmental Approach 141
A Note on Burns Ten Days to Self Esteem 144
Summary of Findings about Enhancement Programs 145
Chapter 5 A Meaning Based, Two Factor Theory of Self Esteem 149
The Function of Self Esteem as Meaning Making 149
The Basic Types of Self Esteem 151
Low Self Esteem 152
High Self Esteem 153
Worthiness Based and Competence Based Self Esteem 154
Refining the Types: Integrating Levels of Self Esteem 156
Levels of Low Self Esteem 159
Levels of Worthiness Based Self Esteem 160
Levels of Competence Based Self Esteem 163
Levels of High or Secure Self Esteem 165
viii Contents
The Development of Self Esteem 169
Childhood Precursors of Self Esteem 169
Middle Childhood and the Emergence
of Self Esteem in Adolescence 170
Self Esteem in Adulthood 172
Reexamining the Link between Self Esteem
and Behavior (Co Constitution) 180
Co Constitution: A Phenomenological Alternative 181
Co Constitution and Stability versus Change 185
Chapter 6 A Two Factor Self Esteem Enhancement Program 187
Enhancing Self Esteem in the Group Setting 188
Week 1: Focusing Phase 190
Week 2: Awareness Phase (Appreciating Self Esteem) 197
Week 3: Enhancing Phase (Increasing Worthiness) 202
Week 4: Enhancing Phase (Increasing Competence) 208
Week 5: Management Phase (Maintaining
Self Esteem) 213
Week 6 (Optional): Follow Up Session 218
Enhancing Self Esteem in the Individual Setting 219
Validity Revisited 222
Chapter 7 Self Esteem and Positive Psychology 227
Self Esteem and the Original, Humanistic
Positive Psychology 229
The New Positivistic Positive Psychology 232
Basic Ideas 232
Core Themes 233
Applied Focus 234
Similarities and Differences between the Two
Positive Psychologies 234
Humanistic Response 237
Self Esteem and Positive Psychology 240
Self Esteem, Authenticity, and Positive Psychology 243
Self Esteem and Applied Positive Psychology 246
A Final Point 254
APPENDIX Self Esteem Enhancement 5 Week Program 257
References 271
Index 285
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction xiii
Chapter 1 The Crucial Issue of Defining Self Esteem 1
The Central Issue of Defining Self Esteem 8
Types of Definitions 10
Self Esteem as Competence 12
Self Esteem as Worthiness 16
Self Esteem as Competence and Worthiness 19
A Two Factor Definition of Self Esteem
and the World of Everyday Life 23
A Phenomenological, Meaning Based Approach
to a Two Factor Definition 27
Chapter 2 Self Esteem Research Problems and Issues 31
Major Self Esteem Paradoxes 31
Is the "Self" in Self Esteem Primarily Psychological
or Sociological? 32
Self Esteem as a Trait versus a State 33
Is the Function of Self Esteem a Motivational Need
or a Calling? 34
Is Self Esteem a Developmental Product or Process? 35
Is Self Esteem an Independent or a Dependent
Variable? 35
Summation of the Paradoxes 36
Problems with Assessing Self Esteem 37
Measuring the Right Things 37
Dealing with Dynamic Factors 38
v
vi Contents
The Development of Norms 38
Self Report Problems 39
Test Validity: A Question of Limits 40
Problems Generated by Using the Scientific Method 41
Methodological Diversity in Researching Self Esteem 41
The Problem of Scientific Paradigms and Self Esteem
Research 46
Phenomenological Methods 48
Qualitative Advances in Researching Self Esteem 51
Integrated Description 54
The Question of Validity and Researching Self Esteem 56
Validity in Self Esteem Research 58
Conclusion 61
Chapter 3 Major Self Esteem Research Findings 63
Parental Factors 64
Genetics 64
Parental Support (Involvement) 64
Parental "Warmth" (Acceptance) 65
Parental Expectations and Consistency 65
Parenting Style 66
Birth Order 66
Modeling 67
Summary 67
Self Esteem and Values 68
Social Values 69
Self Values 69
Gender and Self Esteem 71
Racial, Ethnic, and Economic Factors Affecting
Self Esteem 72
Cultural Orientation and Self Esteem 74
The Sources of Self Esteem 75
Acceptance versus Rejection 76
Virtue versus Guilt 76
Influence versus Powerlessness 77
Achievements versus Failures 78
Competence and Worthiness as the Sources
of Self Esteem 78
Paradoxes Revisited 80
The "Self" in Self Esteem Is both Psychological
and Sociological 80
Traits and States: Self Esteem Types and Levels 82
Self Esteem Functions as a Motivational
Need and a Call 90
Self Esteem as a Developmental Product
and Process 92
Self Esteem as a Variable? 94
"Good" Self Esteem Assessment Instruments 96
Effective Self Esteem Enhancement Techniques 97
Contents vii
The Importance of Being Accepting and Caring 98
Providing Consistent, Positive (Affirming) Feedback 98
Generating Positive Self Feedback
through Cognitive Restructuring 99
Increasing Self Esteem by Using Natural
Self Esteem Moments 100
Enhancing Self Esteem by Assertiveness
Training (Empowerment) 100
Increasing Self Esteem through Modeling 101
Enhancing Self Esteem by Increasing
Problem Solving Skills 101
Two Types of Formats May Be Used
to Enhance Self Esteem 102
Enhancing Self Esteem Requires Practice 104
Integrating the Techniques 104
Chapter 4 Major Self Esteem Theories and Programs 107
Traditional Theoretical Approaches 108
The Jamesian Tradition 108
The Social Learning Tradition 109
The Humanistic Tradition 112
Contemporary Empirically Based Approaches 115
Seymour Epstein's Cognitive Experiential Self Theory 115
Susan Harter's Developmental Approach 118
An Existential View: Terror Management Theory 120
The Evolutionary Approach: Sociometer Theory 123
Summary of Findings about Theories 127
Major Self Esteem Enhancement Programs 127
Frey and Carlock: Eclectic Variations
on a Humanistic Theme 128
Increasing Self Esteem Behaviorally: Pope, McHale,
and Craighead 131
Bednar, Wells, and Peterson: Enhancing
Self Esteem Cognitively 135
Harter's Developmental Approach 141
A Note on Burns' Ten Days to Self Esteem 144
Summary of Findings about Enhancement Programs 145
Chapter 5 A Meaning Based, Two Factor Theory of Self Esteem 149
The Function of Self Esteem as Meaning Making 149
The Basic Types of Self Esteem 151
Low Self Esteem 152
High Self Esteem 153
Worthiness Based and Competence Based Self Esteem 154
Refining the Types: Integrating Levels of Self Esteem 156
Levels of Low Self Esteem 159
Levels of Worthiness Based Self Esteem 160
Levels of Competence Based Self Esteem 163
Levels of High or Secure Self Esteem 165
viii Contents
The Development of Self Esteem 169
Childhood "Precursors" of Self Esteem 169
Middle Childhood and the Emergence
of Self Esteem in Adolescence 170
Self Esteem in Adulthood 172
Reexamining the Link between Self Esteem
and Behavior (Co Constitution) 180
Co Constitution: A Phenomenological Alternative 181
Co Constitution and Stability versus Change 185
Chapter 6 A Two Factor Self Esteem Enhancement Program 187
Enhancing Self Esteem in the Group Setting 188
Week 1: Focusing Phase 190
Week 2: Awareness Phase (Appreciating Self Esteem) 197
Week 3: Enhancing Phase (Increasing Worthiness) 202
Week 4: Enhancing Phase (Increasing Competence) 208
Week 5: Management Phase (Maintaining
Self Esteem) 213
Week 6 (Optional): Follow Up Session 218
Enhancing Self Esteem in the Individual Setting 219
Validity Revisited 222
Chapter 7 Self Esteem and Positive Psychology 227
Self Esteem and the Original, Humanistic
Positive Psychology 229
The New Positivistic Positive Psychology 232
Basic Ideas 232
Core Themes 233
Applied Focus 234
Similarities and Differences between the Two
Positive Psychologies 234
Humanistic Response 237
Self Esteem and Positive Psychology 240
Self Esteem, Authenticity, and Positive Psychology 243
Self Esteem and Applied Positive Psychology 246
A Final Point 254
APPENDIX Self Esteem Enhancement 5 Week Program 257
References 271
Index 285 |
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| spelling | Mruk, Chris Verfasser aut Self-esteem research, theory, and practice toward a positive psychology of self-esteem Christopher J. Mruk 3. ed. New York Springer 2006 XIV,294 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "Dr. Mruk has produced a highly readable new edition of his original work on an often misunderstood psychological construct - self-esteem. Mruk's view that self-esteem is a critically important influence on psychological adjustment and quality of life is now an accepted tenet in personality theory."--BOOK JACKET. Estime de soi Psychologie positive Positive psychology Self Concept Self-esteem Selbstachtung (DE-588)4180807-1 gnd rswk-swf Selbstachtung (DE-588)4180807-1 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014989357&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Mruk, Chris Self-esteem research, theory, and practice toward a positive psychology of self-esteem Estime de soi Psychologie positive Positive psychology Self Concept Self-esteem Selbstachtung (DE-588)4180807-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4180807-1 |
| title | Self-esteem research, theory, and practice toward a positive psychology of self-esteem |
| title_auth | Self-esteem research, theory, and practice toward a positive psychology of self-esteem |
| title_exact_search | Self-esteem research, theory, and practice toward a positive psychology of self-esteem |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Self-esteem research, theory, and practice toward a positive psychology of self-esteem |
| title_full | Self-esteem research, theory, and practice toward a positive psychology of self-esteem Christopher J. Mruk |
| title_fullStr | Self-esteem research, theory, and practice toward a positive psychology of self-esteem Christopher J. Mruk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Self-esteem research, theory, and practice toward a positive psychology of self-esteem Christopher J. Mruk |
| title_short | Self-esteem research, theory, and practice |
| title_sort | self esteem research theory and practice toward a positive psychology of self esteem |
| title_sub | toward a positive psychology of self-esteem |
| topic | Estime de soi Psychologie positive Positive psychology Self Concept Self-esteem Selbstachtung (DE-588)4180807-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Estime de soi Psychologie positive Positive psychology Self Concept Self-esteem Selbstachtung |
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