Criminal enforcement of environmental law in the European Union:
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
The Hague
Kluwer Law International
2005
Frederick, MD Aspen |
| Series: | Comparative environmental law & policy series
8 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references |
| Physical Description: | XII, 187 S. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9041123377 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN THE EUROPEAN UNION EDITED
BY MICHAEL FAURE MAASTRICHT EUROPEAN INSTITUTE FOR TRANSNATIONAL LEGAL
RESEARCH, THE NETHERLANDS AND GIINTER HEINE INSTITUTE FOR CRIMINAL LAW
AND CRIMINOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF BERNE, SWITZERLAND KLUWERLAW NTERNATIONAL
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION IX LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS XIII SUMMARY OF COUNTRY
REPORTS 1 1. CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF CORPORATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
OFFENCES 1 1.1 CORPORATE LIABILITY 1 1.2 OTHER POSSIBILITIES AND
DRAWBACKS 5 1.3 CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF DIRECTORS/MANAGERS 6 2. THE ROLE
OF ENFORCING BODIES AND INDIVIDUALS IN CONNECTION WITH ENVIRONMENTAL
OFFENCES 7 2.1 THE RIGHT TO START A PROSECUTION BEFORE THE CRIMINAL
COURT 8 2.2 THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUALS, ENFORCING BODIES, THE POLICE AND
THE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR WITH RESPECT TO THE INVESTIGATION OF ENVIRON-
MENTAL CRIME 8 2.3 THE CONTRIBUTION OF INDIVIDUALS AND ENFORCING BODIES
TO THE PROPER REGULATION AND ENFORCEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 11 3.
CRIMINAL PENALTIES 12 3.1 CRIMINAL SANCTIONS THAT MAY BE APPLIED TO
THOSE FOUND LIABLE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL OFFENCES AND ACTUAL PRACTICE 12 3.2
(UN)POPULARITY OF SPECIFIC SANCTIONS 13 4. ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTIONS 17
4.1 GENERAL ISSUES 17 4.2 SANCTIONS, CHARACTER AND RELATIONSHIP TO
CRIMINAL SANCTIONS 17 4.3 IMPLEMENTATION AND COMMENTS 23 V J CONTENTS 5.
EXISTENCE OF INSTRUMENTS WHICH PROHIBIT INDIVIDUALS FROM CARRYING OUT A
SIMILAR ACTIVITY 23 5.1 GENERAL ISSUES 23 5.2 LEGAL POSSIBILITIES,
CHARACTER AND INSTITUTIONS 27 5.3 IMPLEMENTATION, EXAMPLES AND SPECIAL
QUESTIONS 27 6. TRANSFRONTIER POLLUTION INCIDENTS 28 7. CRIMINAL
LIABILITY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL OFFENCES BY PUBLIC SERVANTS AND PUBLIC
AUTHORITIES 28 7.1 GENERAL ISSUES 28 7.2 CRIMINAL LIABILITY,
PREREQUISITES AND OTHER LIABILITIES 31 7.3 IMPLEMENTATION AND PROBLEMS
OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY 36 8. MISCELLANEOUS 37 EVALUATION OF THE ANSWERS
41 1. CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF CORPORATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL OFFENCES 41
1.1 CORPORATE CRIMINAL LIABILITY 41 1.2 CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF DIRECTORS
AND MANAGERS 44 2. THE ROLE OF ENFORCING BODIES AND OF INDIVIDUALS IN
CONNECTION WITH ENVIRONMENTAL OFFENCES 45 2.1 GENERAL ISSUES 45 2.2 THE
ROLE OF INDIVIDUALS, ENFORCING BODIES, THE POLICE AND THE PUBLIC
PROSECUTOR WITH RESPECT TO THE INVESTIGATION OF ENVIRON- MENTAL CRIME 46
2.2.1 POWERS OF CONTROL VERSUS INVESTIGATION OF A SUSPECTED CRIME 46
2.2.2 TECHNICAL EXPERTISE AND CO-OPERATION 47 2.2.3 ADMINISTRATIVE
SANCTIONS 49 2.3 ROLE OF INDIVIDUALS AND NGOS 50 2.3.1 INFLUENCE OF
INDIVIDUALS ON THE CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW: GENERAL 50
2.3.2 THE RIGHT TO START A PROSECUTION BEFORE THE CRIMINAL COURT .. 51
2.4 SUMMARY AND INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE 53 3. CRIMINAL PENALTIES 55
3.1 SANCTIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION 55 3.2 TENDENCY TOWARDS LOW
FINES IN PRACTICE 56 3.3 ALTERNATIVE CRIMINAL PENALTIES 58 3.4 REASONS
FOR LOW SANCTIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL LEGAL PRACTICE 60 3.5 WHO IMPOSES
CRIMINAL SANCTIONS? 62 3.6 INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE 63 4.
ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTIONS 65 CONTENTS 5. EXISTENCE OF INSTRUMENTS WHICH
PROHIBIT INDIVIDUALS FROM CARRYING OUT A SIMILAR ACTIVITY 66 5.1 GENERAL
ISSUE 66 5.2 SPECIFIC QUESTIONS 67 6. TRANSFRONTIER POLLUTION INCIDENTS
68 6.1 EXAMPLES 68 6.2 SPECIFIC TRANSBOUNDARY PROBLEMS 69 6.3
EFFECTIVENESS OF EXISTING TREATIES 70 6.4 INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE 72
7. CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL OFFENCES BY PUBLIC SERVANTS AND
PUBLIC AUTHORITIES 73 7.1 GENERAL ISSUES 73 7.2 ADDRESSEES 75 7.3
IMPORTANCE OF THE CRIMINAL PROVISIONS - EFFECTS 76 8. MISCELLANEOUS 77
8.1 EFFECTIVENESS OF ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTIONS AS A DETERRENT 77 8.2
TOLERANCE IN CASE OF TECHNICAL BREACHES 81 8.3 INFORMATION AND THE
ROLE OF INTELLIGENCE SERVICES 84 CONCLUDING REMARKS 87 1. TREND: TOWARDS
CORPORATE CRIMINAL LIABILITY 87 2. ADMINISTRATIVE OR CRIMINAL LAW? 89 3.
TOWARDS A EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMINAL LAW? 91 LIST OF REFERENCES 95
ANNEX 1: QUESTIONNAIRE 99 IMPEL AD HOC WORKING GROUP ON CRIMINAL
PROSECUTION TOPICS 99 ANNEX 2: COUNTRY REPORTS 103 1. AUSTRIA 103 2.
BELGIUM 105 3. DENMARK ILL 4. FINLAND 118 5. FRANCE 121 6. GERMANY 130
7. ITALY 136 8. THE NETHERLANDS 145 9. PORTUGAL 149 CONTENTS 10. SPAIN
151 11. SWEDEN 155 12. UNITED KINGDOM 159 ANNEX 3: CONVENTION ON THE
PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT THROUGH CRIMINAL LAW 171 ANNEX 4:
RESOLUTIONS OF THE XVTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PENAL LAW (RIO DE
JANEIRO, SEPTEMBER 4TH-10TH 1994) 181
|
| adam_txt |
CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN THE EUROPEAN UNION EDITED
BY MICHAEL FAURE MAASTRICHT EUROPEAN INSTITUTE FOR TRANSNATIONAL LEGAL
RESEARCH, THE NETHERLANDS AND GIINTER HEINE INSTITUTE FOR CRIMINAL LAW
AND CRIMINOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF BERNE, SWITZERLAND KLUWERLAW NTERNATIONAL
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION IX LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS XIII SUMMARY OF COUNTRY
REPORTS 1 1. CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF CORPORATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
OFFENCES 1 1.1 CORPORATE LIABILITY 1 1.2 OTHER POSSIBILITIES AND
DRAWBACKS 5 1.3 CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF DIRECTORS/MANAGERS 6 2. THE ROLE
OF ENFORCING BODIES AND INDIVIDUALS IN CONNECTION WITH ENVIRONMENTAL
OFFENCES 7 2.1 THE RIGHT TO START A PROSECUTION BEFORE THE CRIMINAL
COURT 8 2.2 THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUALS, ENFORCING BODIES, THE POLICE AND
THE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR WITH RESPECT TO THE INVESTIGATION OF ENVIRON-
MENTAL CRIME 8 2.3 THE CONTRIBUTION OF INDIVIDUALS AND ENFORCING BODIES
TO THE PROPER REGULATION AND ENFORCEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 11 3.
CRIMINAL PENALTIES 12 3.1 CRIMINAL SANCTIONS THAT MAY BE APPLIED TO
THOSE FOUND LIABLE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL OFFENCES AND ACTUAL PRACTICE 12 3.2
(UN)POPULARITY OF SPECIFIC SANCTIONS 13 4. ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTIONS 17
4.1 GENERAL ISSUES 17 4.2 SANCTIONS, CHARACTER AND RELATIONSHIP TO
CRIMINAL SANCTIONS 17 4.3 IMPLEMENTATION AND COMMENTS 23 V J CONTENTS 5.
EXISTENCE OF INSTRUMENTS WHICH PROHIBIT INDIVIDUALS FROM CARRYING OUT A
SIMILAR ACTIVITY 23 5.1 GENERAL ISSUES 23 5.2 LEGAL POSSIBILITIES,
CHARACTER AND INSTITUTIONS 27 5.3 IMPLEMENTATION, EXAMPLES AND SPECIAL
QUESTIONS 27 6. TRANSFRONTIER POLLUTION INCIDENTS 28 7. CRIMINAL
LIABILITY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL OFFENCES BY PUBLIC SERVANTS AND PUBLIC
AUTHORITIES 28 7.1 GENERAL ISSUES 28 7.2 CRIMINAL LIABILITY,
PREREQUISITES AND OTHER LIABILITIES 31 7.3 IMPLEMENTATION AND PROBLEMS
OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY 36 8. MISCELLANEOUS 37 EVALUATION OF THE ANSWERS
41 1. CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF CORPORATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL OFFENCES 41
1.1 CORPORATE CRIMINAL LIABILITY 41 1.2 CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF DIRECTORS
AND MANAGERS 44 2. THE ROLE OF ENFORCING BODIES AND OF INDIVIDUALS IN
CONNECTION WITH ENVIRONMENTAL OFFENCES 45 2.1 GENERAL ISSUES 45 2.2 THE
ROLE OF INDIVIDUALS, ENFORCING BODIES, THE POLICE AND THE PUBLIC
PROSECUTOR WITH RESPECT TO THE INVESTIGATION OF ENVIRON- MENTAL CRIME 46
2.2.1 POWERS OF CONTROL VERSUS INVESTIGATION OF A SUSPECTED CRIME 46
2.2.2 TECHNICAL EXPERTISE AND CO-OPERATION 47 2.2.3 ADMINISTRATIVE
SANCTIONS 49 2.3 ROLE OF INDIVIDUALS AND NGOS 50 2.3.1 INFLUENCE OF
INDIVIDUALS ON THE CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW: GENERAL 50
2.3.2 THE RIGHT TO START A PROSECUTION BEFORE THE CRIMINAL COURT . 51
2.4 SUMMARY AND INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE 53 3. CRIMINAL PENALTIES 55
3.1 SANCTIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION 55 3.2 TENDENCY TOWARDS LOW
FINES IN PRACTICE 56 3.3 ALTERNATIVE CRIMINAL PENALTIES 58 3.4 REASONS
FOR LOW SANCTIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL LEGAL PRACTICE 60 3.5 WHO IMPOSES
CRIMINAL SANCTIONS? 62 3.6 INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE 63 4.
ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTIONS 65 CONTENTS 5. EXISTENCE OF INSTRUMENTS WHICH
PROHIBIT INDIVIDUALS FROM CARRYING OUT A SIMILAR ACTIVITY 66 5.1 GENERAL
ISSUE 66 5.2 SPECIFIC QUESTIONS 67 6. TRANSFRONTIER POLLUTION INCIDENTS
68 6.1 EXAMPLES 68 6.2 SPECIFIC 'TRANSBOUNDARY' PROBLEMS 69 6.3
EFFECTIVENESS OF EXISTING TREATIES 70 6.4 INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE 72
7. CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL OFFENCES BY PUBLIC SERVANTS AND
PUBLIC AUTHORITIES 73 7.1 GENERAL ISSUES 73 7.2 ADDRESSEES 75 7.3
IMPORTANCE OF THE CRIMINAL PROVISIONS - EFFECTS 76 8. MISCELLANEOUS 77
8.1 EFFECTIVENESS OF ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTIONS AS A DETERRENT 77 8.2
TOLERANCE IN CASE OF 'TECHNICAL BREACHES' 81 8.3 INFORMATION AND THE
ROLE OF INTELLIGENCE SERVICES 84 CONCLUDING REMARKS 87 1. TREND: TOWARDS
CORPORATE CRIMINAL LIABILITY 87 2. ADMINISTRATIVE OR CRIMINAL LAW? 89 3.
TOWARDS A EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMINAL LAW? 91 LIST OF REFERENCES 95
ANNEX 1: QUESTIONNAIRE 99 IMPEL AD HOC WORKING GROUP ON CRIMINAL
PROSECUTION TOPICS 99 ANNEX 2: COUNTRY REPORTS 103 1. AUSTRIA 103 2.
BELGIUM 105 3. DENMARK ILL 4. FINLAND 118 5. FRANCE 121 6. GERMANY 130
7. ITALY 136 8. THE NETHERLANDS 145 9. PORTUGAL 149 CONTENTS 10. SPAIN
151 11. SWEDEN 155 12. UNITED KINGDOM 159 ANNEX 3: CONVENTION ON THE
PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT THROUGH CRIMINAL LAW 171 ANNEX 4:
RESOLUTIONS OF THE XVTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PENAL LAW (RIO DE
JANEIRO, SEPTEMBER 4TH-10TH 1994) 181 |
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| geographic | Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten |
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| index_date | 2024-07-02T15:32:50Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:43:16Z |
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| series | Comparative environmental law & policy series |
| series2 | Comparative environmental law & policy series |
| spelling | Criminal enforcement of environmental law in the European Union edited by Michael Faure ... The Hague Kluwer Law International 2005 Frederick, MD Aspen XII, 187 S. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Comparative environmental law & policy series 8 Includes bibliographical references Crimes contre l'environnement - Pays de l'Union européenne Environnement - Droit pénal - Pays de l'Union européenne Europees recht gtt Strafrechtelijk milieurecht gtt Europarecht Environmental law European Union countries Criminal provisions Offenses against the environment European Union countries Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten Faure, Michael G. 1958- Sonstige (DE-588)123921287 oth Comparative environmental law & policy series 8 (DE-604)BV014082338 8 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014966775&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Criminal enforcement of environmental law in the European Union Comparative environmental law & policy series Crimes contre l'environnement - Pays de l'Union européenne Environnement - Droit pénal - Pays de l'Union européenne Europees recht gtt Strafrechtelijk milieurecht gtt Europarecht Environmental law European Union countries Criminal provisions Offenses against the environment European Union countries |
| title | Criminal enforcement of environmental law in the European Union |
| title_auth | Criminal enforcement of environmental law in the European Union |
| title_exact_search | Criminal enforcement of environmental law in the European Union |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Criminal enforcement of environmental law in the European Union |
| title_full | Criminal enforcement of environmental law in the European Union edited by Michael Faure ... |
| title_fullStr | Criminal enforcement of environmental law in the European Union edited by Michael Faure ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Criminal enforcement of environmental law in the European Union edited by Michael Faure ... |
| title_short | Criminal enforcement of environmental law in the European Union |
| title_sort | criminal enforcement of environmental law in the european union |
| topic | Crimes contre l'environnement - Pays de l'Union européenne Environnement - Droit pénal - Pays de l'Union européenne Europees recht gtt Strafrechtelijk milieurecht gtt Europarecht Environmental law European Union countries Criminal provisions Offenses against the environment European Union countries |
| topic_facet | Crimes contre l'environnement - Pays de l'Union européenne Environnement - Droit pénal - Pays de l'Union européenne Europees recht Strafrechtelijk milieurecht Europarecht Environmental law European Union countries Criminal provisions Offenses against the environment European Union countries Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten |
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