Major problems in the history of World War II: documents and essays
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|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Boston, Mass. [u.a.]
Houghton Mifflin
2003
|
| Series: | Major problems in American history series
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references |
| Physical Description: | XVI, 472 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 0618061320 9780618061327 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Major problems in the history of World War II |b documents and essays |c ed. by Mark A. Stoler ... |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804135589097766912 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
XIV
CHAPTER
1
U.S. Entry into World War II
Page I
DOCUMENTS
1.
The Neutrality Acts Seek to Avoid U.S. Participation in Another War,
1935-1939 6
2.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt Proposes a Quarantine of Aggressors,
1937 8
3.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt Proposes Lend-Lease Aid to Great Britain,
December
17
and
29, 1940 10
4.
Charles A. Lindbergh Opposes Lend-Lease, February
6, 1941 14
5.
Americans Express Their Opinions on Aid to Britain and Entry into the
War,
1940-1941 16
6.
Secretary of State Cordell Hull Responds to Japan s Final Proposal,
November
26, 1941 17
7.
Japan Terminates Negotiations and Hull Replies Orally,
December
7, 1941 19
8.
President Roosevelt Asks Congress for a Declaration of War,
December
8, 1941 22
ESSAYS
Bruce M. Russett
·
An Unnecessary and Avoidable War
23
Gerhard
Weinberg ·
A Necessary and Unavoidable War
33
FURTHER READING
40
CHAPTER
2
America Mobilizes for War
Page
42
DOCUMENTS
1.
The Government Institutes and Revises the Draft,
1940
and
1943 44
2.
Conscientious Objectors Explain Their Reasons for Refusing to Register
for the Draft,
1941 47
3.
Representative Edith Nourse Rogers Introduces the WAAC Bill,
1941 48
vi
4.
President Roosevelt Explains the Four Freedoms to the American
People,
1941 50
5.
The Office of Price Administration Reports on the Consequences of
Defense Production,
1942 51
6.
The War Affects Employment and Consumer Prices,
1940-1945 53
7.
The Government Encourages Workers on the Home Front,
1943 55
8.
Roosevelt Orders Japanese Relocation,
1942 56
ESSAYS
Richard Overy
·
The Successes
óf
American Mobilization
58
William L. O Neill
·
The Problems of American Mobilization
66
FURTHER READING
72
CHAPTER
3
Creating a Global Allied Strategy
Page
74
DOCUMENTS
1.
U.S. and British Military Officials Agree to a Germany-First Strategy:
Admiral Stark s Memorandum and the ABC-1 Accord, November
1940/March
1941 77
2.
Britain and the United States Reach Strategic Agreements at the
ARCADIA Conference, Washington, D.C., December 1941-January
1942 80
3.
Admiral Ernest J. King Calls for a Strategic Focus on Japan, March
1942 83
4.
Roosevelt Promises the Soviets a Second Front, May-June
1942 84
5.
Churchill Vetoes Crossing the Channel in
1942
and Proposes the
North African Alternative, July
8, 1942 86
6.
Admiral Ernest J. King and General George
С
Marshall Respond with
a Pacific-First Proposal, July
10, 1942 87
7.
Roosevelt Rejects the Pacific-First Alternative, July
14, 1942 88
8.
Britain and the United States Agree on a
1943
Mediterranean Strategy
at the Casablanca Conference, January
1943 88
9.
Stalin Angrily Responds to the Continued Delays in Establishing a
Second Front, June
24, 1943 89
10.
Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin Debate and Decide Future Allied
Strategy at the Tehran Conference, November
29-30, 1943 91
E_SJS_A_J_S
Hanson W. Baldwin
·
The Political Shortsightedness of U.S. Strategy
94
Mark
A. Stoler
·
The Political Wisdom of U.S. Strategy
98
Kent Roberts Greenfield
·
Roosevelt as Commander-in-Chief
105
FURTHER READING
107
CHAPTER
4
The War Against Germany: What Was Needed
and What Was Done
Page
109
1.
Army Ground Versus Air Plans for the War Against Germany: The Victory
Program (with AWPD-1) of September
1941
111
2.
The Naval and Air Campaigns Against German U-Boats and Cities Receive
High Priority at the Casablanca Conference, January,
1943 113
3.
A Mother Questions and General Henry H. Hap Arnold s Staff Defends
the Bombing of German Cities,
1943 115
4.
The City of Dresden Before and After the Anglo-American Bombing of
February,
1945 117
5.
The Original OVERLORD Plan Proposes Landing on the Normandy
Beaches and Explains the Problems to Be Overcome, July
27, 1943 118
6.
General Dwight D. Eisenhower Addresses Allied Forces on D-Day,
June
6, 1944 121
7.
Generals Eisenhower and Montgomery Debate Broad- Versus Narrow-
Front Strategies, September,
1944 121
8.
General Marshall Explains the Key Military Events in German Defeat
as Perceived by Captured Members of the German High Command,
September,
1945 125
9.
Tuskeegee Airman Lieutenant Alexander Jefferson Recalls His Combat
Missions and Imprisonment,
1944 126
10.
Sergeant Bernard Bellush Recalls D-Day on Omaha Beach, November
14,
1944/March
16, 2000 130
Richard Overy ·
The Naval and Air Campaigns as Critical to Allied
Victory
135
Michael S. Sherry
·
Strategic Bombing as Technological Fanaticism
Michael
D. Doubler
·
The Travails of the American Combat Soldier in
Europe
156
FURTHER READING
169
149
CHAPTER
5
The War Against Japan: What Was Needed
and What Was Done
Page
171
DOCUMENTS
1.
Public Opinion Favors a Japan-First Strategy,
1942-1943 174
2.
The Military Plans for the Defeat of Japan, May
21, 1943 174
3.
Army Nurse Lieutenant
Juanita
Redmond Describes a Japanese Air Attack
on Bataan in the Philippines, April
1942 176
4.
Navy Pilot George Gay Survives the Battle of Midway, May
1942 178
5.
Marine Private E. B. Sledge Remembers the Hellish Battle of Okinawa,
1945 180
6.
Japanese Civilians Tomizawa Kimi and Kobayashi Hiroyasu Live Through
the Firebombing of Tokyo,
1945 183
7.
General Joseph
Stilwell
Bitterly Explains His Problems in China,
1944 185
8.
President Roosevelt Attacks Colonialism in Asia,
1942-1943 187
9.
Foreign Service Officers John Paton Davies and George R. Merrell Warn
Against Support of British Colonialism in Asia,
1943 189
ESSAYS
Ronald H. Spector
·
Strangers in Strange Lands
John W. Dower
·
The Pacific War as a Race War
Michael
Schalter ·
The U.S. Failure in China
FURTHER
β
_E_A_DJJi_G_
209
190
196
202
215
CHAPTER
6
Cooperation and Conflict on the Home Front
Page
211
D_OjC¿JJ
MENTS
1.
A Call to March on Washington,
1941 213
2.
Rosie
the Riveter Becomes a Symbol of Patriotic Womanhood
3.
Time Magazine Contrasts Japanese Enemies and Chinese Allies,
1941 216
4.
Newsweek Magazine Reports on Women s Stockings in Wartime,
1943 216
5.
The Turmoil of Wartime Rapidly Changes Detroit,
1943 217
6.
The Government Praises Spanish-Speaking Americans in the War Effort,
1943 220
7.
The Zoot Suit Riots Reveal the Race Tensions on the West Coast,
1943 222
8.
Labor Conflict and Questions of Patriotism Erupt in the Coal Fields,
1943 224
9.
Japanese American Mikiso
Hane
Remembers His Wartime Internment,
1990 227
E_S_S_AY_S
Karen Tucker Anderson
·
Conflicts Between White Women and Black Women,
and Their Employers, in the Wartime Industrial World
231
Edward J. Escobar
·
Wartime Conflicts Between Sailors,
Chicano
Youths, and
the Police in Los Angeles
238
FURTHER
REA D_J_N_G
245
CHAPTER
7
Challenges and Changes in Wartime American Culture
Page
247
DOCUMENTS
1.
Oveta Culp Hobby, Director of the Women s Army Auxiliary Corps, Talks
to American Mothers,
1943 249
2.
Robert P. Lane, Director of New York City s Welfare Council, Cites
Horne
Front Concerns About Victory Girls and Venereal Disease,
1945 251
3.
John Desmond, New York Times Writer, Praises Entertainers at the War Front,
1944 252
4.
Newsweek Looks Back at Homosexuals in Uniform During Wartime,
1947 254
5.
Wartime and Postwar Conditions Affect Marriage, Divorce, and Birth
Rates,
1930-1950 255
6.
Movie Star Ann Sothern Asks, What Kind of Woman Will Your Man
Come Home To?
1944 256
7.
Newspaper Columnist Ernie
Pyle
Depicts the Realities of War for
Americans at Home,
1943 258
8.
Editor and Publisher Henry Luce Proclaims the American Century,
1941 260
9.
Betty
Grabie
Becomes a Favorite Pin-up Girl among Soldiers,
1943 264
10.
Photographer Alfred
Eisenstadt
Captures the American Spirit of Victory,
August
14, 1945 266
ESSAYS
Robert
B. Westbrook
·
The Pin-up Girls Taught Americans Less About Sex
and More About Political Obligations
267
Leisa D.Meyer
·
Creating GI Jane
275
FURTHER
R E A D I N
G
280
CHAPTER
8
The Impact of Science and Intelligence
Page
282
DOCUMENTS
1.
A Congressional Committee Assesses Blame for the Pearl Harbor Disaster,
1946 284
2.
Bletchley Park Cryptologist Peter Calvocoressi Explains How ENIGMA
Worked During the War
286
3.
Americans Decode and Translate a Japanese Encrypted Message,
1944 289
4.
The
Navajo
Language Becomes an Unbreakable American Code,
1945 291
5.
Office of Strategic Services Official Allen Dulles Explains His Wartime
Intelligence Activities,
1941-1945 293
6.
Historian and OSS Official William
Langer
Describes the Contribution of
Scholars to the Intelligence War,
1943-1946 295
7.
Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson Raises Concerns to President Roosevelt
about Communist Union Organizing in the Atomic Bomb Project,
1943 297
8.
Office of Scientific Research and Development Director Dr. Vannevar Bush
Reports to the President on the Importance of Science During and After the
War,
1945 298
ESSAYS
Roberta Wohlstetter
·
Pearl Harbor and the Limits of Signals Intelligence
301
Williamson Murray
·
Signals Intelligence As Critical to Allied Victory
306
Gordon Wright
·
Science Revolutionizes Warfare
311
FURTHER READING
320
CHAPTER
9
The United States and the Holocaust
Page
322
DOCUMENTS
1.
The National Origins Act Restricts Immigration,
1924 324
2.
Henry Ford s Dearborn Independent Reveals American Anti-Semitism,
1921-1922 324
3.
Public Opinion Polls Reveal American Attitudes About Jews in Europe,
Refugees, and Immigration,
1938-1945 327
4.
The New York Times Reports on the St. Louis Tragedy,
1939 330
5.
Jan Karski of the Polish Underground Gives an Eyewitness Account of the
Final Solution,
1942-1944 331
6.
The State Department Receives and Suppresses News of the Final Solution,
1942 335
7.
Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau, Jr., Denounces State Department
Behavior to Roosevelt,
1944 338
8.
U.S. Soldier Clinton
С
Gardner Remembers the Liberation of the
Buchenwald
Concentration Camp,
1945 339
ESSAYS
Henry L.
Feingold ·
The American Failure to Rescue European Jews
341
William J.
Vanden Heuvel
·
The Successes of American Rescue and The Limits of
The Possible
349
FURTHER READING
357
CHAPTER
10
Franklin D. Roosevelt and Allied Diplomacy
for War and Peace
Page
359
DOCUMENTS
1.
The Atlantic Charter States Allied War Aims,
1941 361
2.
Josef Stalin Demands Territorial Settlements,
1941 362
3.
The Allies Announce Formation of the Grand Alliance: The Declaration by
the United Nations,
1942 365
4.
Roosevelt Enunciates the Unconditional Surrender Policy,
1943 366
5.
The Allies Agree on Postwar Policies: The Moscow Declaration on General
Security,
1943 366
6.
Roosevelt Informs His Allies of His Postwar Plans,
1942
and
1943 367
7.
The Allies Agree to a Postwar International Organization: The Dumbarton
Oaks Agreement,
1944 370
8.
Churchill and Stalin Divide Eastern Europe,
1944 372
9.
The Allies Reach Postwar Agreements at the Yalta Conference,
1945 372
10.
Roosevelt Sends Letters to Stalin and Churchill,
1945 377
ESSAYS
Frederick W. Marks III
·
The Ignorance and
Naïveté
of Roosevelt s Wartime
Diplomacy
379
Robert Dallek
·
The Astuteness and Appropriateness of Roosevelt s Wartime
Diplomacy
387
FURTHER READING
393
CHAPTER
11
The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II
Page
394
DOCUMENTS
1.
Albert Einstein Informs President Roosevelt of the Potential for an Atomic
Bomb,
1939 396
2.
Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter Shares with FDR Physicist
Niels Bohr s Suggestion that the Soviets Be Informed of the Atomic Bomb
Project,
1944 397
3.
Churchill and Roosevelt Reject Informing the Soviets,
1944 398
4.
President Harry
S
Truman Recalls How He Learned About the Atomic
Bomb Project,
1945 398
5.
The
Franck
Committee Warns of a Nuclear Arms Race and Calls for a
Noncombat Demonstration of the Bomb,
1945 399
6.
The Scientific Panel of the Interim Committee Recommends Combat Use
of the Bomb Against Japan,
1945 402
7.
Undersecretary of the Navy Ralph Bard Objects to the Unannounced Use of
the Bomb,
1945 403
8.
Manhattan Project Commanding General Leslie Groves Reports the Results
of the Alamagordo Test,
1945 404
9.
A Photographer Captures Hiroshima Two Months After the Atomic Bomb of
August
6, 1945 405
10.
Public Opinion Polls Show Strong Support for the Atomic Bomb, August,
September, and December
1945 405
11.
Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson Has Second Thoughts on Atomic
Secrecy,
1945 406
ESSAYS
Gar Alperovitz
·
Dropping the Atomic Bomb Was Neither Necessary Nor
Justifiable
408
Robert P. Newman
·
Dropping the Bomb Was Necessary and Justifiable
412
Barton J. Bernstein
·
Were There Viable Alternatives to Dropping the Atomic
Bomb?
419
FURTHER READING
426
CHAPTER
12
History and Memory: The Legacy of World War II
Page
427
ESSAYS
Michael
С. С.
Adams
·
Postwar Mythmaking About World War II
428
David M. Kennedy
·
The World the War Made
437
Alan Brinkley
·
The War Transformed American Liberalism
441
Roger Daniels
·
Americans
Reevaluate
Japanese American Incarceration
Richardu.
Kohn
·
Culture War Erupts Over the
1994-1995
Smithsonian
Institution s Enola Gay Exhibition
453
Peter Novick
·
Why Did the Holocaust Become a Major Postwar Issue?
FURTHER READING
470
448
461
APPENDIX
General World War II Histories and Reference Works
Page
471
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Preface
XIV
CHAPTER
1
U.S. Entry into World War II
Page I
DOCUMENTS
1.
The Neutrality Acts Seek to Avoid U.S. Participation in Another War,
1935-1939 6
2.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt Proposes a "Quarantine" of Aggressors,
1937 8
3.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt Proposes Lend-Lease Aid to Great Britain,
December
17
and
29, 1940 10
4.
Charles A. Lindbergh Opposes Lend-Lease, February
6, 1941 14
5.
Americans Express Their Opinions on Aid to Britain and Entry into the
War,
1940-1941 16
6.
Secretary of State Cordell Hull Responds to Japan's Final Proposal,
November
26, 1941 17
7.
Japan Terminates Negotiations and Hull Replies Orally,
December
7, 1941 19
8.
President Roosevelt Asks Congress for a Declaration of War,
December
8, 1941 22
ESSAYS
Bruce M. Russett
·
An Unnecessary and Avoidable War
23
Gerhard
Weinberg ·
A Necessary and Unavoidable War
33
FURTHER READING
40
CHAPTER
2
America Mobilizes for War
Page
42
DOCUMENTS
1.
The Government Institutes and Revises the Draft,
1940
and
1943 44
2.
Conscientious Objectors Explain Their Reasons for Refusing to Register
for the Draft,
1941 47
3.
Representative Edith Nourse Rogers Introduces the WAAC Bill,
1941 48
vi
4.
President Roosevelt Explains the Four Freedoms to the American
People,
1941 50
5.
The Office of Price Administration Reports on the Consequences of
Defense Production,
1942 51
6.
The War Affects Employment and Consumer Prices,
1940-1945 53
7.
The Government Encourages Workers on the Home Front,
1943 55
8.
Roosevelt Orders Japanese Relocation,
1942 56
ESSAYS
Richard Overy
·
The Successes
óf
American Mobilization
58
William L. O'Neill
·
The Problems of American Mobilization
66
FURTHER READING
72
CHAPTER
3
Creating a Global Allied Strategy
Page
74
DOCUMENTS
1.
U.S. and British Military Officials Agree to a "Germany-First" Strategy:
Admiral Stark's Memorandum and the ABC-1 Accord, November
1940/March
1941 77
2.
Britain and the United States Reach Strategic Agreements at the
ARCADIA Conference, Washington, D.C., December 1941-January
1942 80
3.
Admiral Ernest J. King Calls for a Strategic Focus on Japan, March
1942 83
4.
Roosevelt "Promises" the Soviets a Second Front, May-June
1942 84
5.
Churchill Vetoes Crossing the Channel in
1942
and Proposes the
North African Alternative, July
8, 1942 86
6.
Admiral Ernest J. King and General George
С
Marshall Respond with
a "Pacific-First" Proposal, July
10, 1942 87
7.
Roosevelt Rejects the "Pacific-First" Alternative, July
14, 1942 88
8.
Britain and the United States Agree on a
1943
Mediterranean Strategy
at the Casablanca Conference, January
1943 88
9.
Stalin Angrily Responds to the Continued Delays in Establishing a
Second Front, June
24, 1943 89
10.
Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin Debate and Decide Future Allied
Strategy at the Tehran Conference, November
29-30, 1943 91
E_SJS_A_J_S
Hanson W. Baldwin
·
The Political Shortsightedness of U.S. Strategy
94
Mark
A. Stoler
·
The Political Wisdom of U.S. Strategy
98
Kent Roberts Greenfield
·
Roosevelt as Commander-in-Chief
105
FURTHER READING
107
CHAPTER
4
The War Against Germany: What Was Needed
and What Was Done
Page
109
1.
Army Ground Versus Air Plans for the War Against Germany: The "Victory
Program" (with AWPD-1) of September
1941
111
2.
The Naval and Air Campaigns Against German U-Boats and Cities Receive
High Priority at the Casablanca Conference, January,
1943 113
3.
A Mother Questions and General Henry H. "Hap" Arnold's Staff Defends
the Bombing of German Cities,
1943 115
4.
The City of Dresden Before and After the Anglo-American Bombing of
February,
1945 117
5.
The Original OVERLORD Plan Proposes Landing on the Normandy
Beaches and Explains the Problems to Be Overcome, July
27, 1943 118
6.
General Dwight D. Eisenhower Addresses Allied Forces on D-Day,
June
6, 1944 121
7.
Generals Eisenhower and Montgomery Debate Broad- Versus Narrow-
Front Strategies, September,
1944 121
8.
General Marshall Explains the Key Military Events in German Defeat
as Perceived by Captured Members of the German High Command,
September,
1945 125
9.
Tuskeegee Airman Lieutenant Alexander Jefferson Recalls His Combat
Missions and Imprisonment,
1944 126
10.
Sergeant Bernard Bellush Recalls D-Day on Omaha Beach, November
14,
1944/March
16, 2000 130
Richard Overy ·
The Naval and Air Campaigns as Critical to Allied
Victory
135
Michael S. Sherry
·
Strategic Bombing as Technological Fanaticism
Michael
D. Doubler
·
The Travails of the American Combat Soldier in
Europe
156
FURTHER READING
169
149
CHAPTER
5
The War Against Japan: What Was Needed
and What Was Done
Page
171
DOCUMENTS
1.
Public Opinion Favors a Japan-First Strategy,
1942-1943 174
2.
The Military Plans for the Defeat of Japan, May
21, 1943 174
3.
Army Nurse Lieutenant
Juanita
Redmond Describes a Japanese Air Attack
on Bataan in the Philippines, April
1942 176
4.
Navy Pilot George Gay Survives the Battle of Midway, May
1942 178
5.
Marine Private E. B. Sledge Remembers the Hellish Battle of Okinawa,
1945 180
6.
Japanese Civilians Tomizawa Kimi and Kobayashi Hiroyasu Live Through
the Firebombing of Tokyo,
1945 183
7.
General Joseph
Stilwell
Bitterly Explains His Problems in China,
1944 185
8.
President Roosevelt Attacks Colonialism in Asia,
1942-1943 187
9.
Foreign Service Officers John Paton Davies and George R. Merrell Warn
Against Support of British Colonialism in Asia,
1943 189
ESSAYS
Ronald H. Spector
·
Strangers in Strange Lands
John W. Dower
·
The Pacific War as a Race War
Michael
Schalter ·
The U.S. Failure in China
FURTHER
β
_E_A_DJJi_G_
209
190
196
202
215
CHAPTER
6
Cooperation and Conflict on the Home Front
Page
211
D_OjC¿JJ
MENTS
1.
A Call to March on Washington,
1941 213
2.
Rosie
the Riveter Becomes a Symbol of Patriotic Womanhood
3.
Time Magazine Contrasts Japanese Enemies and Chinese Allies,
1941 216
4.
Newsweek Magazine Reports on Women's Stockings in Wartime,
1943 216
5.
The Turmoil of Wartime Rapidly Changes Detroit,
1943 217
6.
The Government Praises Spanish-Speaking Americans in the War Effort,
1943 220
7.
The "Zoot Suit Riots" Reveal the Race Tensions on the West Coast,
1943 222
8.
Labor Conflict and Questions of Patriotism Erupt in the Coal Fields,
1943 224
9.
Japanese American Mikiso
Hane
Remembers His Wartime Internment,
1990 227
E_S_S_AY_S
Karen Tucker Anderson
·
Conflicts Between White Women and Black Women,
and Their Employers, in the Wartime Industrial World
231
Edward J. Escobar
·
Wartime Conflicts Between Sailors,
Chicano
Youths, and
the Police in Los Angeles
238
FURTHER
REA D_J_N_G
245
CHAPTER
7
Challenges and Changes in Wartime American Culture
Page
247
DOCUMENTS
1.
Oveta Culp Hobby, Director of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps, Talks
to American Mothers,
1943 249
2.
Robert P. Lane, Director of New York City's Welfare Council, Cites
Horne
Front Concerns About "Victory Girls" and Venereal Disease,
1945 251
3.
John Desmond, New York Times Writer, Praises Entertainers at the War Front,
1944 252
4.
Newsweek Looks Back at Homosexuals in Uniform During Wartime,
1947 254
5.
Wartime and Postwar Conditions Affect Marriage, Divorce, and Birth
Rates,
1930-1950 255
6.
Movie Star Ann Sothern Asks, "What Kind of Woman Will Your Man
Come Home To?"
1944 256
7.
Newspaper Columnist Ernie
Pyle
Depicts the Realities of War for
Americans at Home,
1943 258
8.
Editor and Publisher Henry Luce Proclaims the "American Century,
1941 260
9.
Betty
Grabie
Becomes a Favorite "Pin-up Girl" among Soldiers,
1943 264
10.
Photographer Alfred
Eisenstadt
Captures the American Spirit of Victory,
August
14, 1945 266
ESSAYS
Robert
B. Westbrook
·
The "Pin-up Girls" Taught Americans Less About Sex
and More About Political Obligations
267
Leisa D.Meyer
·
Creating GI Jane
275
FURTHER
R E A D I N
G
280
CHAPTER
8
The Impact of Science and Intelligence
Page
282
DOCUMENTS
1.
A Congressional Committee Assesses Blame for the Pearl Harbor Disaster,
1946 284
2.
Bletchley Park Cryptologist Peter Calvocoressi Explains How ENIGMA
Worked During the War
286
3.
Americans Decode and Translate a Japanese Encrypted Message,
1944 289
4.
The
Navajo
Language Becomes an Unbreakable American Code,
1945 291
5.
Office of Strategic Services Official Allen Dulles Explains His Wartime
Intelligence Activities,
1941-1945 293
6.
Historian and OSS Official William
Langer
Describes the Contribution of
Scholars to the Intelligence War,
1943-1946 295
7.
Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson Raises Concerns to President Roosevelt
about Communist Union Organizing in the Atomic Bomb Project,
1943 297
8.
Office of Scientific Research and Development Director Dr. Vannevar Bush
Reports to the President on the Importance of Science During and After the
War,
1945 298
ESSAYS
Roberta Wohlstetter
·
Pearl Harbor and the Limits of Signals Intelligence
301
Williamson Murray
·
Signals Intelligence As Critical to Allied Victory
306
Gordon Wright
·
Science Revolutionizes Warfare
311
FURTHER READING
320
CHAPTER
9
The United States and the Holocaust
Page
322
DOCUMENTS
1.
The National Origins Act Restricts Immigration,
1924 324
2.
Henry Ford's Dearborn Independent Reveals American Anti-Semitism,
1921-1922 324
3.
Public Opinion Polls Reveal American Attitudes About Jews in Europe,
Refugees, and Immigration,
1938-1945 327
4.
The New York Times Reports on the St. Louis Tragedy,
1939 330
5.
Jan Karski of the Polish Underground Gives an Eyewitness Account of the
"Final Solution,"
1942-1944 331
6.
The State Department Receives and Suppresses News of the "Final Solution,"
1942 335
7.
Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau, Jr., Denounces State Department
Behavior to Roosevelt,
1944 338
8.
U.S. Soldier Clinton
С
Gardner Remembers the Liberation of the
Buchenwald
Concentration Camp,
1945 339
ESSAYS
Henry L.
Feingold ·
The American Failure to Rescue European Jews
341
William J.
Vanden Heuvel
·
The Successes of American Rescue and The Limits of
The Possible
349
FURTHER READING
357
CHAPTER
10
Franklin D. Roosevelt and Allied Diplomacy
for War and Peace
Page
359
DOCUMENTS
1.
The Atlantic Charter States Allied War Aims,
1941 361
2.
Josef Stalin Demands Territorial Settlements,
1941 362
3.
The Allies Announce Formation of the Grand Alliance: The Declaration by
the United Nations,
1942 365
4.
Roosevelt Enunciates the Unconditional Surrender Policy,
1943 366
5.
The Allies Agree on Postwar Policies: The Moscow Declaration on General
Security,
1943 366
6.
Roosevelt Informs His Allies of His Postwar Plans,
1942
and
1943 367
7.
The Allies Agree to a Postwar International Organization: The Dumbarton
Oaks Agreement,
1944 370
8.
Churchill and Stalin Divide Eastern Europe,
1944 372
9.
The Allies Reach Postwar Agreements at the Yalta Conference,
1945 372
10.
Roosevelt Sends Letters to Stalin and Churchill,
1945 377
ESSAYS
Frederick W. Marks III
·
The Ignorance and
Naïveté
of Roosevelt's Wartime
Diplomacy
379
Robert Dallek
·
The Astuteness and Appropriateness of Roosevelt's Wartime
Diplomacy
387
FURTHER READING
393
CHAPTER
11
The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II
Page
394
DOCUMENTS
1.
Albert Einstein Informs President Roosevelt of the Potential for an Atomic
Bomb,
1939 396
2.
Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter Shares with FDR Physicist
Niels Bohr's Suggestion that the Soviets Be Informed of the Atomic Bomb
Project,
1944 397
3.
Churchill and Roosevelt Reject Informing the Soviets,
1944 398
4.
President Harry
S
Truman Recalls How He Learned About the Atomic
Bomb Project,
1945 398
5.
The
Franck
Committee Warns of a Nuclear Arms Race and Calls for a
Noncombat Demonstration of the Bomb,
1945 399
6.
The Scientific Panel of the Interim Committee Recommends Combat Use
of the Bomb Against Japan,
1945 402
7.
Undersecretary of the Navy Ralph Bard Objects to the Unannounced Use of
the Bomb,
1945 403
8.
Manhattan Project Commanding General Leslie Groves Reports the Results
of the Alamagordo Test,
1945 404
9.
A Photographer Captures Hiroshima Two Months After the Atomic Bomb of
August
6, 1945 405
10.
Public Opinion Polls Show Strong Support for the Atomic Bomb, August,
September, and December
1945 405
11.
Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson Has Second Thoughts on Atomic
Secrecy,
1945 406
ESSAYS
Gar Alperovitz
·
Dropping the Atomic Bomb Was Neither Necessary Nor
Justifiable
408
Robert P. Newman
·
Dropping the Bomb Was Necessary and Justifiable
412
Barton J. Bernstein
·
Were There Viable Alternatives to Dropping the Atomic
Bomb?
419
FURTHER READING
426
CHAPTER
12
History and Memory: The Legacy of World War II
Page
427
ESSAYS
Michael
С. С.
Adams
·
Postwar Mythmaking About World War II
428
David M. Kennedy
·
The World the War Made
437
Alan Brinkley
·
The War Transformed American Liberalism
441
Roger Daniels
·
Americans
Reevaluate
Japanese American Incarceration
Richardu.
Kohn
·
Culture War Erupts Over the
1994-1995
Smithsonian
Institution's Enola Gay Exhibition
453
Peter Novick
·
Why Did the Holocaust Become a Major Postwar Issue?
FURTHER READING
470
448
461
APPENDIX
General World War II Histories and Reference Works
Page
471 |
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| dewey-sort | 3940.54 3973 |
| dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
| discipline | Geschichte |
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