European fair trading law: the unfair commercial practices directive
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Aldershot [u.a.]
Ashgate
2006
|
| Series: | Markets and the law
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Table of contents Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVI, 295 S. |
| ISBN: | 0754645894 9780754645894 |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_txt |
Contents
Preface
L
ist
of
Directives
with
A bbreviations
xv
1
INTRODUCTION
Geraini Howells
I
a.
Background
1
b.
The Traditions
of Fair Trade Regulation within the Member States
1
(i) Special regime for consumers?
2
(ii) Use of general clause?
4
(iii)
Consumer typology
5
(iv)
Strict liability?
6
(v) Civil/criminal law
7
(vi)
Sanctions
7
(vii)
Soft law
8
c. The Community
Acquis
9
(і)
Negative
harmonisation
9
(ii)
Legislative competence
12
(iii)
Positive regulation before the Unfair Commercial
Practices Directive
13
(iv)
Community policy
16
d. The Preparation of the Directive and Major Points of Debate
19
(i) Unfairness standard
20
(ii) Maximum
harmonisation
21
(iii)
Blacklist
22
(iv)
Codes of conduct
23
(v) Enforcement
23
e. Outline of the Directive
23
f. Revision, Transposition and Entry into Force
24
(i) Entry into force
24
(ii) Transposition
24
(iii)
Informing consumers
25
(iv)
Revision
25
2
MINIMUM/MAXIMUM HARMONISATION
AND THE INTERNAL
MARKET CLAUSE
Hans-W. Micklitz
27
a. Introduction to the Debate
27
b. The Legal Background to Maximum
Harmonisation
and
the Internal Market Clause
28
(i) Background of the minimum-maximum debate
28
(ii) Background of the country of origin principle
30
(iii)
Background for combining maximum
harmonisation
and
the country of origin principle
32
c. Maximum
Harmonisation
in the Directive
35
(i) The principle and its justification
35
(ii) The transition period, Articles
3(5)
and
(6) 36
(iii)
Uncertainties in minimum-maximum
harmonisation
39
d.
The Relationship Between the Directive and the Proposed
Regulation on Sales Promotions
39
e. Maximum
Harmonisation
and the Internal Market Clause
in the Directive
40
(i) The internal market clause in the legislative process
40
(ii) The possible scenario of conflict
42
(iii)
The correct interpretation of the internal market
clause in the Directive
43
(iii)
Article
4
in the harmonised field of the Directive
44
(iv)
Article
4
in the non-harmonised area of the Directive
47
(v) Article
4
and the deferring effect of full
harmonisation
47
3
SCOPE OF THE DIRECTIVE
Thomas
Wilhelmsson
49
a. Introduction
49
b. Collective Protection
51
с
Commercial Practices
53
(i) Content of the definition
53
(ii) Before and after the transaction
56
d. Harming Consumers' Economic Interests
58
(i) Economic interests
58
(ii) Taste and decency
59
(iii)
Protection of other societal interests
62
e. Business-to-Consumer Practices
63
(i) Introduction
63
(ii) Definition of consumer
64
(iii)
Definition of trader
67
(iv)
Business-to-consumer practice
69
f.
Some Explicit Additional Delimitations
70
(i) Introduction
70
(ii) Intellectual property rights
71
(iii)
Contract law
71
(iv)
Health and safety
74
(v) Other Community rules
76
(vi)
National rules based on minimum clause
77
(vii)
Jurisdiction
77
(viii)
Regulated professions
78
(ix)
Financial services and immovable property
80
(x) Precious metal
80
THE GENERAL CLAUSE ON UNFAIR PRACTICES
Hans-W. Micklitz
83
a. Fair Trading
de lege
lata
-
References in Secondary Law
83
b. The Structure of the General Clause in the Unfair Commercial
Practices Directive
84
(i) Threefold structure
85
(ii) Consequences and questions arising from the threefold structure
86
с
The Concept of Fairness
86
(i) The challenge
-
fairness, national morals, taste and
decency, national cultures
-
how are they interrelated?
86
(ii) European fairness as an autonomous concept
88
(iii)
European fairness and national morals
91
(iv)
Taste and decency
95
(v) National cultures
96
d. Requirements of Professional Diligence
97
(i) Criticism of the conceptual approach
98
(ii) National, European and international professional diligence
100
(iii)
The significance of professional diligence for
misleading and aggressive commercial practices
101
(iv)
Consequences arising from the lack of Europeanised
professional diligence
102
e. Material Distortion of the Economic Behaviour of the Consumer
102
(i) Economic behaviour, informed and transactional decisions
103
(ii) The objective side of the distortion: the autonomy of
the consumer
104
(iii)
The subjective side of the distortion
-
intent and fault
105
(iv)
The relevance of the materiality criterion
106
(v) The practical significance of the materiality threshold
107
(vi)
Actual or potential distortion
109
(vii)
Causality between the distortion and the process
of taking the decision
110
viii European
Fair Trading Law
f.
The 'Average Consumer' and Particularly Vulnerable Groups
111
(i) The average consumer as a standard model
111
(ii) Particularly vulnerable consumer groups as a special provision
112
(iii)
Children, the elderly, disabled and credulous people
113
(iv)
The purpose of the commercial practices
115
(v) The abolition of statistical evidence?
116
g. Language and Fairness
117
h. Relationship of the General Clause and the Special Provisions
117
(i) Concept and practical significance
117
(ii) The general clause as safety net
119
(iii)
The system of Annex I
121
5
MISLEADING PRACTICES
Thomas
Wilhelmsson
123
a. Introduction
123
b. Misleading Actions
125
(i) Definition
125
(ii) The untruthfulness/deceptiveness condition
127
(iii)
The average consumer test
131
(iv)
The materiality condition
136
(v) What information?
138
(vi)
Imitative marketing
145
(vii)
Non-compliance with codes of conduct
146
c. Misleading Omissions
147
(i) An indirect duty to inform
147
(ii) Omission and withholding of information
150
(iii)
The consumers' informational needs test
152
(iv)
Material information in invitation to purchase
154
(v) Established information requirements
157
d. Practices That Are Always Regarded as Unfair
158
(i) Nature of the Annex
158
(ii) The cases
160
e. Understanding Misleading Practices
164
6
AGGRESSIVE COMMERCIAL PRACTICES
Geraint How ells
167
a. Introduction
167
(i) Beyond misleading practice
167
(ii) How far beyond misleading practices?
168
(iii)
Aggressive practices
-
elements of an underdeveloped concept
170
b. Aggressive Practices
171
(i) Harassment, coercion, or undue influence
172
-ζ,
Contents ix
(ii)
Impairment of the consumer's freedom of choice or conduct
174
(iii)
Taking a transactional decision that he would
not otherwise have taken
177
(iv)
In its factual context
178
(v) Legal and illegal means
178
с
Harassment
178
(i) Protection of private sphere
178
(ii) Relevant factors
179
(iii)
Objective or subjective test
179
(iv)
General harassment laws
180
(v) Particular practices
181
d. Coercion
184
(i) Relationship with other concepts
184
(ii) Physical and psychological
184
(iii)
Relevant factors 1
85
(iv)
Borderline with legitimate pressure
185
e. Undue Influence
187
(i) The definition
187
(ii) Physical force
187
(iii)
Position of power
187
(iv)
Exploitation of position of power
189
f. Relevant Factors
190
g. Practices Considered Aggressive in all Circumstances
192
h. Towards an Understanding of Aggressive Practices
193
7
CODES OF CONDUCT
Geraint Howells \
95
a. Codes, Soft Law, Self-Regulation and Co-Regulation
195
b. A'Win-Win-Win'Solution
196
с
Varying Attitudes to Codes
197
d. Support for Codes in
EU
Policy
199
e. Codes in
EU
Legal Instruments
200
f. Code of Conduct-the Definition
202
(i) Agreement or set of rules
203
(ii) Trader behaviour
205
(iii)
Commercial practice or business sectors
205
(iv)
Trader undertaking
206
g. Code Owner
206
h. Non-Compliance With a Code as Misleading Conduct
206
(i) Not aspirational
208
(ii) Firm
208
(iii)
Verifiable
209
(iv)
Indication in a commercial practice
210
χ
European
Fair Trading Law
i. Unfair Practices in All Circumstances
211
j. Encouraging Reliance on Codes
211
k. Codes and Standards of Fairness
212
1.
Policy
215
8
LEGALREDRESS
Hans-W. Micklitz
217
a. Regulation of Enforcement Under the Unfair Commercial
Practices Directive: Some Introductory Remarks
217
(i) The rules under the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive
217
(ii) The unanswered questions on enforcement
218
(iii)
The broader picture: individual and collective legal
protection in unfair commercial practices law outside the Directive
219
(iv)
A connected issue: cross-border litigation and
cross-border enforcement
219
(v) A disclaimer
220
b. Individual Legal Redress
220
(i) The individual legal redress of competitors
221
(ii) Individual legal redress for the consumer
221
с
Collective Legal Redress Through Public Authorities,
Consumer or Trade Organisations
222
(i) Freedom of choice or limited choice?
222
(ii) The rules under Article
11
of the Unfair Commercial
Practices Directive
223
(iii)
Other Directives containing provisions on legal actions
taken by associations
223
(iv)
Standing to sue as an EC obligation
226
(v) Minimum requirements for enforcement bodies
227
d. Procedure and Remedies
228
(i) Prior consultation
228
(ii) Interim relief
229
(iii)
Injunction
229
(iv)
Penalties, sanctions and compensation for damages
230
(v) Substantiation of claims
231
e. Enforcement of Collective Consumer Interests in Conflicts
Across National Borders
232
(i) Problems and experiences with legal enforcement
across national borders
232
(ii) International jurisdiction for actions against cross-border
injunctions
233
(iii)
The right to take action and the legitimate interest
to take legal action
233
Contents xi
(iv)
The determination of the law applicable under EC
private international law
235
(v) Execution of a judgment
236
f. The Regulation (EC) No
2006/2004
on Consumer Protection
Cooperation
237
(i) The objective and contents of the Regulation
238
(ii) The significance of the Regulation with regard to the
organisation of law enforcement
239
9
CONCLUSIONS
Thomas
Wilhelmsson
241
a. A Directive of Legal and Practical Importance
241
b. The Measure of Assessment: The Purposes of the Directive
242
с
Consumer Confidence
244
d. The Level of Protection
247
e. Traders'Costs and Risks
250
f. Legal Certainty
254
g. United in Diversity
256
Appendix
261
Index
289 |
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| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:57:39Z |
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| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Markets and the law |
| spelling | European fair trading law the unfair commercial practices directive Geraint Howells ; Hans-W. Micklitz ; Thomas Wilhelmsson Aldershot [u.a.] Ashgate 2006 XVI, 295 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Markets and the law Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Recht Competition, Unfair European Union countries Consumer protection Law and legislation European Union countries Verbraucherschutz (DE-588)4117338-7 gnd rswk-swf Wettbewerbsrecht (DE-588)4121924-7 gnd rswk-swf Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b Wettbewerbsrecht (DE-588)4121924-7 s Verbraucherschutz (DE-588)4117338-7 s DE-604 Howells, Geraint G. Sonstige (DE-588)133040550 oth Micklitz, Hans-Wolfgang 1949- Sonstige (DE-588)110189906 oth Wilhelmsson, Thomas 1949- Sonstige (DE-588)170841804 oth http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0612/2006012259.html Table of contents Digitalisierung UB Passau - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment https://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:443/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014847453&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | European fair trading law the unfair commercial practices directive Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Recht Competition, Unfair European Union countries Consumer protection Law and legislation European Union countries Verbraucherschutz (DE-588)4117338-7 gnd Wettbewerbsrecht (DE-588)4121924-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)4117338-7 (DE-588)4121924-7 |
| title | European fair trading law the unfair commercial practices directive |
| title_auth | European fair trading law the unfair commercial practices directive |
| title_exact_search | European fair trading law the unfair commercial practices directive |
| title_exact_search_txtP | European fair trading law the unfair commercial practices directive |
| title_full | European fair trading law the unfair commercial practices directive Geraint Howells ; Hans-W. Micklitz ; Thomas Wilhelmsson |
| title_fullStr | European fair trading law the unfair commercial practices directive Geraint Howells ; Hans-W. Micklitz ; Thomas Wilhelmsson |
| title_full_unstemmed | European fair trading law the unfair commercial practices directive Geraint Howells ; Hans-W. Micklitz ; Thomas Wilhelmsson |
| title_short | European fair trading law |
| title_sort | european fair trading law the unfair commercial practices directive |
| title_sub | the unfair commercial practices directive |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Recht Competition, Unfair European Union countries Consumer protection Law and legislation European Union countries Verbraucherschutz (DE-588)4117338-7 gnd Wettbewerbsrecht (DE-588)4121924-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Recht Competition, Unfair European Union countries Consumer protection Law and legislation European Union countries Verbraucherschutz Wettbewerbsrecht Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0612/2006012259.html https://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:443/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014847453&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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