Thornhill Farm, Fairford, Gloucestershire: an Iron Age and Roman pastoral site in the upper Thames Valley
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English German French |
| Published: |
Oxford
Published for Oxford Archaeology by Oxford Univ. School of Archaeology
2004
|
| Series: | Thames Valley landscapes monograph
23 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-196) and index |
| Physical Description: | xx, 200 S. Ill., Kt. 31 cm |
| ISBN: | 0947816720 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Thornhill Farm, Fairford, Gloucestershire |b an Iron Age and Roman pastoral site in the upper Thames Valley |c by David Jennings ... . With contributions by Alistair Barclay ... Ed. by Chris Hayden |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Thames Valley landscapes monograph |v 23 | |
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| 546 | |a Summary in German and French. | ||
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804135410262081536 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | THORNHILL FARM, FAIRF ORD, GLOUCESTERSHIRE AN IRON AGE AND ROMAN
PASTORAL SITE IN THE UPPER THAMES VALLEY BY DAVID JENNINGS, JEFF MUIR,
SIMON PALMER AND ALEX SMITH WITH CONTRIBUTIONS BY ALISTAIR BARCLAY,
ANGELA BOYLE, GREG CAMPBELL, BETHAN CHARLES, L B JEFFCOTT, PHILIP DE
JERSEY, HUGO LAMDIN-WHYMARK, MARSHA LEVINE, DONALD MACKRETH, MARK
ROBINSON, FIONA ROE, RUTH SHAFFREY, JANE TIMBY AND K E WHITWELL
ILLUSTRATIONS BY ROB READ AND ROS SMITH OXFORD ARCHAEOLOGY THAMES VALLEY
LANDSCAPES MONOGRAPH NO 23 2004 CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES XI LIST OF
PLATES XIII LIST OF TABLES XV SUMMARY XVII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XIX CHAPTER
1: INTRODUCTION BY DAVID JENNINGS, JEFF MUIR AND ALEX SMITH 1 HISTORY OF
ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 LOCATION, TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY 2
ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND 5 EARLIER PREHISTORY 5 MESOLITHIC 5 NEOLITHIC
AND BRONZE AGE 5 LATER PREHISTORY 5 LATE BRONZE AGE-EARLY IRON AGE 5
MIDDLE IRON AGE 6 LATER IRON AGE 6 ROMAN 6 ANGLO-SAXON 7 MEDIEVAL 7
ORIGINAL RESEARCH AIMS 7 ENVIRONMENTAL 8 STRUCTURAL 8 RELATIONAL 8
REVISED RESEARCH AIMS : 8 ENVIRONMENTAL 8 STRUCTURAL 8 RELATIONAL 9
EXCAVATION STRATEGY AND HISTORY 9 POST-EXCAVATION METHODOLOGY 9
STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT 14 LOCATION OF THE ARCHIVE 14 CHAPTER 2: PHASING
SUMMARY 15 INTRODUCTION 15 PERIOD A: MIDDLE IRON AGE C 300-50 BC 15
PERIOD B: LATE IRON AGE C 50 BC-AD 1 15 PERIOD C: LATE IRON AGE C AD
1-50 15 PERIOD D: EARLY ROMAN PERIOD C AD 50-100 15 PERIOD E: EARLY
ROMAN PERIOD C AD 75-120 15 PERIOD F: EARLY ROMAN PERIOD C AD 75-120 . /
19 PERIOD G: EARLY ROMAN PERIOD C 2ND CENTURY AD 19 PERIOD H: LATE ROMAN
PERIOD 3RD-4TH CENTURY AD 19 CHAPTER 3: ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION BY
DAVID JENNINGS, JEFF MUIR AND ALEX SMITH 21 INTRODUCTION 21 PERIOD A:
MIDDLE IRON AGE C 300-50 BC 21 SUMMARY 21 DISTRIBUTION OF REDEPOSITED
GROUP 1 POTTERY 21 THORNHILL FARM, FAIRFORD SOUTHERN AREA AND WESTERN
SALVAGE AREA 24 TRENCH 8: ROUNDHOUSE AND ASSOCIATED FEATURES 24
STRUCTURE 207 24 STRUCTURE 209 26 STRUCTURE 210 26 ENCLOSURE 120 26
OTHER FEATURES IN TRENCH 8 28 TRENCH 7 29 WESTERN SALVAGE AREA, TO THE
NORTH OF TRENCH 8 29 NORTHERN AREA 29 PIT CLUSTER - NORTHERN SALVAGE
AREA 29 POTENTIAL PERIOD A FEATURES - NORTHERN SALVAGE AREA 30 STRUCTURE
206 30 ENCLOSURE 149 30 TRENCHES 9 AND 22 30 PERIOD B: LATE IRON AGE C
50 BC-AD 1 30 SUMMARY 30 DISTRIBUTION OF GROUP 2 POTTERY 30 POTENTIAL
PERIOD B FEATURES 31 PERIOD C: LATE IRON AGE C AD 1-50 31 SUMMARY 31
NORTHERN AREA 31 RECTILINEAR ENCLOSURES, STRUCTURES AND ASSOCIATED
BOUNDARY 31 OTHER ENCLOSURES IN THE NORTHERN AREA 34 POTENTIAL PERIOD C
FEATURES - NORTHERN AREA 37 SOUTHERN AREA 37 CO-AXIAL ENCLOSURE SYSTEM
3 7 POTENTIAL PERIOD C FEATURES - SOUTHERN AREA AND WESTERN SALVAGE AREA
39 PERIOD D: EARLY ROMAN PERIOD C AD 50-100 40 SUMMARY 40 NORTHERN AREA
40 RECTILINEAR ENCLOSURES 40 ENCLOSURE GROUP - TRENCHES 9 AND 22 42
POTENTIAL PERIOD D FEATURES - NORTHERN SALVAGE AREA 45 SOUTHERN AREA 46
CURVILINEAR FEATURES AND LINEAR BOUNDARY 46 POTENTIAL PERIOD D FEATURES
- SOUTHERN AREA 47 PERIOD E: EARLY ROMAN PERIOD C AD 75-120 47 SUMMARY
47 NORTHERN AREA 47 ENCLOSURES - TRENCHES 9 AND 22 47 RECTILINEAR
ENCLOSURE GROUP - TRENCH 7 51 PERIOD F: EARLY ROMAN PERIOD C AD 75-120
54 SUMMARY 54 SOUTHERN AREA 54 ENCLOSURE GROUP - TRENCH 7 54 POTENTIAL
PERIOD FFEATURES - SOUTHERN AREA 58 ENCLOSURES, PITS AND LINEAR FEATURES
% 58 PERIOD G: EARLY ROMAN PERIOD C 2ND CENTURY AD 58 SUMMARY 58
SOUTHERN AREA AND NORTHERN SALVAGE AREA 61 TRACKWAYS AND ASSOCIATED
FIELD BOUNDARIES 61 PERIOD H: LATE ROMAN PERIOD 3RD-4TH CENTURY AD 61
SUMMARY 61 SOUTHERN AREA AND NORTHERN SALVAGE AREA 61 LINEAR BOUNDARIES
AND POSSIBLE TRACKWAY 61 PITS 64 CONTENTS QUANTITY AND CLASSIFICATION 64
CLASS 1 64 CLASS 2 64 FUNCTION 64 CLAY LINED PITS 64 DATING AND
DISTRIBUTION 64 TRENCH 7 64 TRENCH 8 64 TRENCHES 9 AND 22 64 POSTHOLES
65 BURIALS AND OTHER DEPOSITS OF HUMAN REMAINS 65 CHAPTER 4: THE FINDS
AND ENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE 69 THE FINDS BY ANGELA BOYLE 69 COINS 69 IRON
AGE COINS BY PHILIP DE JERSEY 69 ROMAN COINS 69 POST-MEDIEVAL AND
UNKNOWN COINS 70 THE BROOCHES BY DONALD MACKRETH 70 LATE LA TENE 1 70
COLCHESTERS 72 COLCHESTER DERIVATIVES 72 FRAGMENTS 74 LATE LA TENE 2,
LANGTON DOWNS 76 AUCISSA-HOD HILLS 76 TRUMPET 77 UNCLASSIFIED 7 7 PLATE
77 PENANNULARS 78 UNCLASSIFIED 78 FRAGMENTS 78 COPPER ALLOY OBJECTS BY
ANGELA BOYLE 78 PINS 78 BRACELET 78 FINGER RING 81 TWEEZERS 81 OTHER
COPPER ALLOY OBJECTS 81 SILVER OBJECT BY ANGELA BOYLE 81 IRON OBJECTS BY
ANGELA BOYLE 81 IRON NAILS 84 MISCELLANEOUS IRON OBJECTS 84 LEAD 84
WORKED STONE BY RUTH SHAFFREY 84 BEADS BY ANGELA BOYLE 84 SHALE BRACELET
BY ANGELA BOYLE 84 QUERN FRAGMENTS 85 MORTARS 85 WHETSTONES 86 POLISHERS
86 PIERCED ITEMS 86 DISCS 86 MISCELLANEOUS STONE 86 DISCUSSION 86
POLISHED AXE BY FIONA ROE 88 FIRED CLAY BY JANE TIMBY 88 BRIQUETAGE 88
THORNHILL FARM, FAIRFORD LOOMWEIGHTS 88 SLING SHOT 89 CRUCIBLE? 89 TILE
89 BONE OBJECTS 89 WORKED FLINT BY HUGO LAMDIN-WHYMARK 89 THE POTTERY BY
JANE TIMBY 90 CONDITION 90 METHODOLOGY 90 DISCUSSION OF FABRICS AND
FORMS 90 SITE DISCUSSION 94 PERIOD A (MIDDLE IRON AGE) 94 PERIOD A
ILLUSTRATED SHERDS 95 PERIOD B (LATE IRON AGE C 50 BC-AD 1) 95 PERIOD B
ILLUSTRATED SHERDS 95 PERIOD C (LATE IRON AGE C AD 1-50) 95 PERIOD C
ILLUSTRATED SHERDS 95 PERIOD D (EARLY ROMAN PERIOD C AD 50-100) 99
PERIOD D ILLUSTRATED SHERDS 99 PERIODS E-F (EARLY ROMAN PERIOD C AD
75-120+) 9 9 PERIOD E ILLUSTRATED SHERDS 103 PERIOD F ILLUSTRATED SHERDS
104 PERIOD G (EARLY ROMAN PERIOD C 2ND CENTURY AD) 104 PERIOD H (LATE
ROMAN PERIOD) 104 CATALOGUE OF ILLUSTRATED SHERDS FROM UNPHASED CONTEXTS
104 GENERAL DISCUSSION 107 HUMAN REMAINS BY ANGELA BOYLE 108 CATALOGUE
OF INHUMATIONS 108 SKELETON 3106 108 DENTITION 109 SKELETON 3145 109
SKELETON 3363 109 DENTITION 109 THE FAUNAL REMAINS BY MARSHA LEVINE 109
QUANTIFICATION 109 METHODOLOGY 110 TAPHONOMY 110 IDENTIFICATION 110
AGEING 110 MEASUREMENTS ILL SEXING ILL RESULTS ILL SPECIES REPRESENTED
ILL TAPHONOMY ILL GNAWING ILL BONE PART REPRESENTATION 112 FRAGMENTATION
112 ANATOMICAL ELEMENT GROUPS 114 SPECIES REPRESENTATION: POSTCRANIAL
MATERIAL 114 SPECIES REPRESENTATION: CRANIAL MATERIAL 114 THE ELEMENT
UNIT (ELU) 115 ANATOMICAL ELEMENT REPRESENTATION 116 SHEEP BONE
SURVIVORSHIP 116 GROUPS 121 BUTCHERY 121 CATTLE BONE SURVIVORSHIP 121
GROUPS 122 CONTENTS BUTCHERY EVIDENCE 122 EQUID BONE SURVIVORSHIP 122
GROUPS 125 WORKED AND BUTCHERED EQUID BONES 125 DISCUSSION OF EQUID
TAPHONOMY 125 PIG BONE SURVIVORSHIP 125 POPULATION STRUCTURE 125 LARGE
EQUIDS 125 EQUID IDENTIFICATION 128 CATTLE 129 SHEEP 131 PIG 131
DISCUSSION BY BETHAN CHARLES 132 THE PLANT AND INVERTEBRATE REMAINS BY
MARK ROBINSON 133 THE SAMPLES 134 RESULTS 134 CARBONISED PLANT REMAINS
134 WATERLOGGED MACROSCOPIC PLANT REMAINS 134 COLEOPTERA 134 OTHER
INSECTS 135 MOLLUSCA 135 THE ORIGIN OF THE ASSEMBLAGES 135 MIDDLE IRON
AGE (PERIOD A) 140 ENVIRONMENT AND SITE ACTIVITIES 141 LATE IRON AGE
(PERIODS B AND C) 141 GRASSLAND AND PASTURE 141 WOODLAND AND SCRUB 141
DISTURBED GROUND AND THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE SETTLEMENT 141 ACCUMULATED
ORGANIC MATERIAL AND STRUCTURES 143 SITE ACTIVITIES AND THE USE OF THE
SITE 14 3 EARLY ROMAN (PERIODS D, E AND F) 144 THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE
EARLY ROMAN SETTLEMENT 144 THE ENVIRONMENT AROUND THE EARLY ROMAN
TRACKWAY 144 MIDDLE ROMAN (PERIOD G) 144 LATE ROMAN (PERIOD H) AND
MEDIEVAL 144 CONCLUSIONS 145 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION AND SYNTHESIS BY ALEX
SMITH AND JEFF MUIR 147 INTRODUCTION 147 INTERPRETATION AS A PASTORAL
SETTLEMENT 147 ANALYSIS OF SITE ORGANISATION 147 ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL
COMPONENTS 148 DOMESTIC STRUCTURES 148 ENCLOSURES 149 SITE
RECONSTRUCTION 149 MIDDLE IRON AGE (PERIOD A) 149 LATE IRON AGE-EARLY
ROMAN (PERIODS B TO F) 150 2ND CENTURY-LATER ROMAN PERIOD (PERIODS G TO
H) 151 SITE ECONOMY 151 SOCIAL STATUS AND DIETARY HABITS 152 THE SITE IN
ITS LOCAL AND REGIONAL SETTING 153 MIDDLE IRON AGE (C 3RD-LST CENTURY
BC) 153 LATE IRON AGE (C 1ST CENTURY BC-MID 1ST CENTURY AD) 155 POLITICS
AND TRADE 155 THE COMING OF ROME 156 THORNHILL FARM, FAIRFORD
REORGANISATION OF THE LANDSCAPE (C EARLY 2ND CENTURY AD) 158 THE LATER
ROMAN PERIOD (3RD-4TH CENTURY AD) 159 FUTURE RESEARCH 159 APPENDIX 1:
SELECTIVE STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION BY DAVID JENNINGS AND JEFF MUIR
..... 161 INTRODUCTION 161 AL.L ENCLOSURE 52 AND POSTHOLE CLUSTER 1 161
A1.2 ENCLOSURE 60 AND POSTHOLE CLUSTER 3 161 A1.3 SOUTH-EASTERN CORNER
OF TRENCH 9 161 A1.4 ENCLOSURE GROUP AT THE NORTHERN END OF TRENCH 9 164
A1.5 POSSIBLE STRUCTURE - PERIOD C 165 A1.6 CO-AXIAL ENCLOSURE SYSTEM
- TRENCH 7 165 ENCLOSURE ENTRANCES 166 A1.7 STRUCTURE 202 - TRENCH 9 167
PERIOD C 167 PERIOD E 167 A1.8 ENCLOSURES 62 AND 75 - TRENCH 9 167 A1.9
ENCLOSURE 2 - TRENCH 7 167 A1.10 ENCLOSURE 14 - TRENCH 7 168 AL.LL
ENCLOSURES 26, 29 AND 30 - TRENCH 7 168 A1.12 ENCLOSURE 33 - TRENCH 7
169 A1.13 WESTERN ENCLOSURE GROUP - TRENCH 7 169 A1.14 SOUTHERN SUBGROUP
169 ENCLOSURE 22 169 ENCLOSURE 155 170 A1.15 NORTHERN SUBGROUP 170
APPENDIX 2: POTTERY: SITE FORMATION PROCESSES, REDEPOSITION AND DATING
BY DAVID JENNINGS AND JEFF MUIR 171 APPENDIX 3: POTTERY: DESCRIPTION OF
FABRICS AND ASSOCIATED FORMS BY JANE TIMBY 177 INTRODUCTION 177 IRON AGE
177 I. CALCAREOUS 177 II. CALCITE-TEMPERED 178 III. GROG-TEMPERED 178
IV. ROCK-TEMPERED 179 V. ORGANIC-TEMPERED 179 VI. FLINT-TEMPERED 179
VII. SANDY WARE 179 ROMAN 179 VIII. FOREIGN IMPORTS 179 A) AMPHORAE 179
B) MORTARIA 179 C) FINEWARES 179 IX. REGIONAL IMPORTS 180 X. LOCAL
INDUSTRIES 180 A) WILTSHIRE INDUSTRIES 180 B) POSSIBLE WILTSHIRE
PRODUCTS 180 C) OXFORDSHIRE INDUSTRIES 181 D) SEVERN VALLEY AND ALLIED
WARES 181 XI. SOURCE UNKNOWN, PROBABLY LOCAL 181 CONTENTS APPENDIX 4:
PALAEOPATHOLOGY BY MARSHA LEVINE, L B JEFFCOTT AND K E WHITWELL 183
INTRODUCTION 183 EQUID 183 CATTLE 183 SHEEP 184 DOG 184 APPENDIX 5:
HYPOTHETICAL ADJUSTMENT CURVE FOR CATTLE BY MARSHA LEVINE 185 APPENDIX
6: CONTEXT AND FEATURE TABLE FOR SMALL FINDS 187 BIBLIOGRAPHY 189 INDEX
197
|
| adam_txt |
THORNHILL FARM, FAIRF ORD, GLOUCESTERSHIRE AN IRON AGE AND ROMAN
PASTORAL SITE IN THE UPPER THAMES VALLEY BY DAVID JENNINGS, JEFF MUIR,
SIMON PALMER AND ALEX SMITH WITH CONTRIBUTIONS BY ALISTAIR BARCLAY,
ANGELA BOYLE, GREG CAMPBELL, BETHAN CHARLES, L B JEFFCOTT, PHILIP DE
JERSEY, HUGO LAMDIN-WHYMARK, MARSHA LEVINE, DONALD MACKRETH, MARK
ROBINSON, FIONA ROE, RUTH SHAFFREY, JANE TIMBY AND K E WHITWELL
ILLUSTRATIONS BY ROB READ AND ROS SMITH OXFORD ARCHAEOLOGY THAMES VALLEY
LANDSCAPES MONOGRAPH NO 23 2004 CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES XI LIST OF
PLATES XIII LIST OF TABLES XV SUMMARY XVII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XIX CHAPTER
1: INTRODUCTION BY DAVID JENNINGS, JEFF MUIR AND ALEX SMITH 1 HISTORY OF
ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 LOCATION, TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY 2
ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND 5 EARLIER PREHISTORY 5 MESOLITHIC 5 NEOLITHIC
AND BRONZE AGE 5 LATER PREHISTORY 5 LATE BRONZE AGE-EARLY IRON AGE 5
MIDDLE IRON AGE 6 LATER IRON AGE 6 ROMAN 6 ANGLO-SAXON 7 MEDIEVAL 7
ORIGINAL RESEARCH AIMS 7 ENVIRONMENTAL 8 STRUCTURAL 8 RELATIONAL 8
REVISED RESEARCH AIMS : 8 ENVIRONMENTAL 8 STRUCTURAL 8 RELATIONAL 9
EXCAVATION STRATEGY AND HISTORY 9 POST-EXCAVATION METHODOLOGY 9
STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT 14 LOCATION OF THE ARCHIVE 14 CHAPTER 2: PHASING
SUMMARY 15 INTRODUCTION 15 PERIOD A: MIDDLE IRON AGE C 300-50 BC 15
PERIOD B: LATE IRON AGE C 50 BC-AD 1 15 PERIOD C: LATE IRON AGE C AD
1-50 15 PERIOD D: EARLY ROMAN PERIOD C AD 50-100 15 PERIOD E: EARLY
ROMAN PERIOD C AD 75-120 15 PERIOD F: EARLY ROMAN PERIOD C AD 75-120 . /
19 PERIOD G: EARLY ROMAN PERIOD C 2ND CENTURY AD 19 PERIOD H: LATE ROMAN
PERIOD 3RD-4TH CENTURY AD 19 CHAPTER 3: ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION BY
DAVID JENNINGS, JEFF MUIR AND ALEX SMITH 21 INTRODUCTION 21 PERIOD A:
MIDDLE IRON AGE C 300-50 BC 21 SUMMARY 21 DISTRIBUTION OF REDEPOSITED
GROUP 1 POTTERY 21 THORNHILL FARM, FAIRFORD SOUTHERN AREA AND WESTERN
SALVAGE AREA 24 TRENCH 8: ROUNDHOUSE AND ASSOCIATED FEATURES 24
STRUCTURE 207 24 STRUCTURE 209 26 STRUCTURE 210 26 ENCLOSURE 120 26
OTHER FEATURES IN TRENCH 8 28 TRENCH 7 29 WESTERN SALVAGE AREA, TO THE
NORTH OF TRENCH 8 29 NORTHERN AREA 29 PIT CLUSTER - NORTHERN SALVAGE
AREA 29 POTENTIAL PERIOD A FEATURES - NORTHERN SALVAGE AREA 30 STRUCTURE
206 30 ENCLOSURE 149 30 TRENCHES 9 AND 22 30 PERIOD B: LATE IRON AGE C
50 BC-AD 1 30 SUMMARY 30 DISTRIBUTION OF GROUP 2 POTTERY 30 POTENTIAL
PERIOD B FEATURES 31 PERIOD C: LATE IRON AGE C AD 1-50 31 SUMMARY 31
NORTHERN AREA 31 RECTILINEAR ENCLOSURES, STRUCTURES AND ASSOCIATED
BOUNDARY 31 OTHER ENCLOSURES IN THE NORTHERN AREA 34 POTENTIAL PERIOD C
FEATURES - NORTHERN AREA 37 SOUTHERN AREA 37 'CO-AXIAL' ENCLOSURE SYSTEM
3 7 POTENTIAL PERIOD C FEATURES - SOUTHERN AREA AND WESTERN SALVAGE AREA
39 PERIOD D: EARLY ROMAN PERIOD C AD 50-100 40 SUMMARY 40 NORTHERN AREA
40 RECTILINEAR ENCLOSURES 40 ENCLOSURE GROUP - TRENCHES 9 AND 22 42
POTENTIAL PERIOD D FEATURES - NORTHERN SALVAGE AREA 45 SOUTHERN AREA 46
CURVILINEAR FEATURES AND LINEAR BOUNDARY 46 POTENTIAL PERIOD D FEATURES
- SOUTHERN AREA 47 PERIOD E: EARLY ROMAN PERIOD C AD 75-120 47 SUMMARY
47 NORTHERN AREA 47 ENCLOSURES - TRENCHES 9 AND 22 47 RECTILINEAR
ENCLOSURE GROUP - TRENCH 7 51 PERIOD F: EARLY ROMAN PERIOD C AD 75-120
54 SUMMARY 54 SOUTHERN AREA 54 ENCLOSURE GROUP - TRENCH 7 54 POTENTIAL
PERIOD FFEATURES - SOUTHERN AREA 58 ENCLOSURES, PITS AND LINEAR FEATURES
% 58 PERIOD G: EARLY ROMAN PERIOD C 2ND CENTURY AD 58 SUMMARY 58
SOUTHERN AREA AND NORTHERN SALVAGE AREA 61 TRACKWAYS AND ASSOCIATED
FIELD BOUNDARIES 61 PERIOD H: LATE ROMAN PERIOD 3RD-4TH CENTURY AD 61
SUMMARY 61 SOUTHERN AREA AND NORTHERN SALVAGE AREA 61 LINEAR BOUNDARIES
AND POSSIBLE TRACKWAY 61 PITS 64 CONTENTS QUANTITY AND CLASSIFICATION 64
CLASS 1 64 CLASS 2 64 FUNCTION 64 CLAY LINED PITS 64 DATING AND
DISTRIBUTION 64 TRENCH 7 64 TRENCH 8 64 TRENCHES 9 AND 22 64 POSTHOLES
65 BURIALS AND OTHER DEPOSITS OF HUMAN REMAINS 65 CHAPTER 4: THE FINDS
AND ENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE 69 THE FINDS BY ANGELA BOYLE 69 COINS 69 IRON
AGE COINS BY PHILIP DE JERSEY 69 ROMAN COINS 69 POST-MEDIEVAL AND
UNKNOWN COINS 70 THE BROOCHES BY DONALD MACKRETH 70 LATE LA TENE 1 70
COLCHESTERS 72 COLCHESTER DERIVATIVES 72 FRAGMENTS 74 LATE LA TENE 2,
LANGTON DOWNS 76 AUCISSA-HOD HILLS 76 TRUMPET 77 UNCLASSIFIED 7 7 PLATE
77 PENANNULARS 78 UNCLASSIFIED 78 FRAGMENTS 78 COPPER ALLOY OBJECTS BY
ANGELA BOYLE 78 PINS 78 BRACELET 78 FINGER RING 81 TWEEZERS 81 OTHER
COPPER ALLOY OBJECTS 81 SILVER OBJECT BY ANGELA BOYLE 81 IRON OBJECTS BY
ANGELA BOYLE 81 IRON NAILS 84 MISCELLANEOUS IRON OBJECTS 84 LEAD 84
WORKED STONE BY RUTH SHAFFREY 84 BEADS BY ANGELA BOYLE 84 SHALE BRACELET
BY ANGELA BOYLE 84 QUERN FRAGMENTS 85 MORTARS 85 WHETSTONES 86 POLISHERS
86 PIERCED ITEMS 86 DISCS 86 MISCELLANEOUS STONE 86 DISCUSSION 86
POLISHED AXE BY FIONA ROE 88 FIRED CLAY BY JANE TIMBY 88 BRIQUETAGE 88
THORNHILL FARM, FAIRFORD LOOMWEIGHTS 88 SLING SHOT 89 CRUCIBLE? 89 TILE
89 BONE OBJECTS 89 WORKED FLINT BY HUGO LAMDIN-WHYMARK 89 THE POTTERY BY
JANE TIMBY 90 CONDITION 90 METHODOLOGY 90 DISCUSSION OF FABRICS AND
FORMS 90 SITE DISCUSSION 94 PERIOD A (MIDDLE IRON AGE) 94 PERIOD A
ILLUSTRATED SHERDS 95 PERIOD B (LATE IRON AGE C 50 BC-AD 1) 95 PERIOD B
ILLUSTRATED SHERDS 95 PERIOD C (LATE IRON AGE C AD 1-50) 95 PERIOD C
ILLUSTRATED SHERDS 95 PERIOD D (EARLY ROMAN PERIOD C AD 50-100) 99
PERIOD D ILLUSTRATED SHERDS 99 PERIODS E-F (EARLY ROMAN PERIOD C AD
75-120+) 9 9 PERIOD E ILLUSTRATED SHERDS 103 PERIOD F ILLUSTRATED SHERDS
104 PERIOD G (EARLY ROMAN PERIOD C 2ND CENTURY AD) 104 PERIOD H (LATE
ROMAN PERIOD) 104 CATALOGUE OF ILLUSTRATED SHERDS FROM UNPHASED CONTEXTS
104 GENERAL DISCUSSION 107 HUMAN REMAINS BY ANGELA BOYLE 108 CATALOGUE
OF INHUMATIONS 108 SKELETON 3106 108 DENTITION 109 SKELETON 3145 109
SKELETON 3363 109 DENTITION 109 THE FAUNAL REMAINS BY MARSHA LEVINE 109
QUANTIFICATION 109 METHODOLOGY 110 TAPHONOMY 110 IDENTIFICATION 110
AGEING 110 MEASUREMENTS ILL SEXING ILL RESULTS ILL SPECIES REPRESENTED
ILL TAPHONOMY ILL GNAWING ILL BONE PART REPRESENTATION 112 FRAGMENTATION
112 ANATOMICAL ELEMENT GROUPS 114 SPECIES REPRESENTATION: POSTCRANIAL
MATERIAL 114 SPECIES REPRESENTATION: CRANIAL MATERIAL 114 THE ELEMENT
UNIT (ELU) 115 ANATOMICAL ELEMENT REPRESENTATION 116 SHEEP BONE
SURVIVORSHIP 116 GROUPS 121 BUTCHERY 121 CATTLE BONE SURVIVORSHIP 121
GROUPS 122 CONTENTS BUTCHERY EVIDENCE 122 EQUID BONE SURVIVORSHIP 122
GROUPS 125 WORKED AND BUTCHERED EQUID BONES 125 DISCUSSION OF EQUID
TAPHONOMY 125 PIG BONE SURVIVORSHIP 125 POPULATION STRUCTURE 125 LARGE
EQUIDS 125 EQUID IDENTIFICATION 128 CATTLE 129 SHEEP 131 PIG 131
DISCUSSION BY BETHAN CHARLES 132 THE PLANT AND INVERTEBRATE REMAINS BY
MARK ROBINSON 133 THE SAMPLES 134 RESULTS 134 CARBONISED PLANT REMAINS
134 WATERLOGGED MACROSCOPIC PLANT REMAINS 134 COLEOPTERA 134 OTHER
INSECTS 135 MOLLUSCA 135 THE ORIGIN OF THE ASSEMBLAGES 135 MIDDLE IRON
AGE (PERIOD A) 140 ENVIRONMENT AND SITE ACTIVITIES 141 LATE IRON AGE
(PERIODS B AND C) 141 GRASSLAND AND PASTURE 141 WOODLAND AND SCRUB 141
DISTURBED GROUND AND THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE SETTLEMENT 141 ACCUMULATED
ORGANIC MATERIAL AND STRUCTURES 143 SITE ACTIVITIES AND THE USE OF THE
SITE 14 3 EARLY ROMAN (PERIODS D, E AND F) 144 THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE
EARLY ROMAN SETTLEMENT 144 THE ENVIRONMENT AROUND THE EARLY ROMAN
TRACKWAY 144 MIDDLE ROMAN (PERIOD G) 144 LATE ROMAN (PERIOD H) AND
MEDIEVAL 144 CONCLUSIONS 145 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION AND SYNTHESIS BY ALEX
SMITH AND JEFF MUIR 147 INTRODUCTION 147 INTERPRETATION AS A PASTORAL
SETTLEMENT 147 ANALYSIS OF SITE ORGANISATION 147 ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL
COMPONENTS 148 DOMESTIC STRUCTURES 148 ENCLOSURES 149 SITE
RECONSTRUCTION 149 MIDDLE IRON AGE (PERIOD A) 149 LATE IRON AGE-EARLY
ROMAN (PERIODS B TO F) 150 2ND CENTURY-LATER ROMAN PERIOD (PERIODS G TO
H) 151 SITE ECONOMY 151 SOCIAL STATUS AND DIETARY HABITS 152 THE SITE IN
ITS LOCAL AND REGIONAL SETTING 153 MIDDLE IRON AGE (C 3RD-LST CENTURY
BC) 153 LATE IRON AGE (C 1ST CENTURY BC-MID 1ST CENTURY AD) 155 POLITICS
AND TRADE 155 THE COMING OF ROME 156 THORNHILL FARM, FAIRFORD
REORGANISATION OF THE LANDSCAPE (C EARLY 2ND CENTURY AD) 158 THE LATER
ROMAN PERIOD (3RD-4TH CENTURY AD) 159 FUTURE RESEARCH 159 APPENDIX 1:
SELECTIVE STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION BY DAVID JENNINGS AND JEFF MUIR
. 161 INTRODUCTION 161 AL.L ENCLOSURE 52 AND POSTHOLE CLUSTER 1 161
A1.2 ENCLOSURE 60 AND POSTHOLE CLUSTER 3 161 A1.3 SOUTH-EASTERN CORNER
OF TRENCH 9 161 A1.4 ENCLOSURE GROUP AT THE NORTHERN END OF TRENCH 9 164
A1.5 POSSIBLE STRUCTURE - PERIOD C 165 A1.6 'CO-AXIAL' ENCLOSURE SYSTEM
- TRENCH 7 165 ENCLOSURE ENTRANCES 166 A1.7 STRUCTURE 202 - TRENCH 9 167
PERIOD C 167 PERIOD E 167 A1.8 ENCLOSURES 62 AND 75 - TRENCH 9 167 A1.9
ENCLOSURE 2 - TRENCH 7 167 A1.10 ENCLOSURE 14 - TRENCH 7 168 AL.LL
ENCLOSURES 26, 29 AND 30 - TRENCH 7 168 A1.12 ENCLOSURE 33 - TRENCH 7
169 A1.13 WESTERN ENCLOSURE GROUP - TRENCH 7 169 A1.14 SOUTHERN SUBGROUP
169 ENCLOSURE 22 169 ENCLOSURE 155 170 A1.15 NORTHERN SUBGROUP 170
APPENDIX 2: POTTERY: SITE FORMATION PROCESSES, REDEPOSITION AND DATING
BY DAVID JENNINGS AND JEFF MUIR 171 APPENDIX 3: POTTERY: DESCRIPTION OF
FABRICS AND ASSOCIATED FORMS BY JANE TIMBY 177 INTRODUCTION 177 IRON AGE
177 I. CALCAREOUS 177 II. CALCITE-TEMPERED 178 III. GROG-TEMPERED 178
IV. ROCK-TEMPERED 179 V. ORGANIC-TEMPERED 179 VI. FLINT-TEMPERED 179
VII. SANDY WARE 179 ROMAN 179 VIII. FOREIGN IMPORTS 179 A) AMPHORAE 179
B) MORTARIA 179 C) FINEWARES 179 IX. REGIONAL IMPORTS 180 X. LOCAL
INDUSTRIES 180 A) WILTSHIRE INDUSTRIES 180 B) POSSIBLE WILTSHIRE
PRODUCTS 180 C) OXFORDSHIRE INDUSTRIES 181 D) SEVERN VALLEY AND ALLIED
WARES 181 XI. SOURCE UNKNOWN, PROBABLY LOCAL 181 CONTENTS APPENDIX 4:
PALAEOPATHOLOGY BY MARSHA LEVINE, L B JEFFCOTT AND K E WHITWELL 183
INTRODUCTION 183 EQUID 183 CATTLE 183 SHEEP 184 DOG 184 APPENDIX 5:
HYPOTHETICAL ADJUSTMENT CURVE FOR CATTLE BY MARSHA LEVINE 185 APPENDIX
6: CONTEXT AND FEATURE TABLE FOR SMALL FINDS 187 BIBLIOGRAPHY 189 INDEX
197 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV021619264 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | DA690 |
| callnumber-raw | DA690.F16 |
| callnumber-search | DA690.F16 |
| callnumber-sort | DA 3690 F16 |
| callnumber-subject | DA - Great Britain |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)56447475 (DE-599)BVBBV021619264 |
| dewey-full | 963.2417 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 963 - Ethiopia and Eritrea |
| dewey-raw | 963.2417 |
| dewey-search | 963.2417 |
| dewey-sort | 3963.2417 |
| dewey-tens | 960 - History of Africa |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| discipline_str_mv | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1979-1989 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1979-1989 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4027540-1 Inventar gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Inventar |
| geographic | Fairford (England) Antiquities Fairford (DE-588)4553511-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Fairford (England) Antiquities Fairford |
| id | DE-604.BV021619264 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:53:10Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:40:04Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0947816720 |
| language | English German French |
| lccn | 2005440765 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014834356 |
| oclc_num | 56447475 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-11 |
| physical | xx, 200 S. Ill., Kt. 31 cm |
| psigel | gbd_JL_Z0410 |
| publishDate | 2004 |
| publishDateSearch | 2004 |
| publishDateSort | 2004 |
| publisher | Published for Oxford Archaeology by Oxford Univ. School of Archaeology |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Thames Valley landscapes monograph |
| series2 | Thames Valley landscapes monograph |
| spelling | Thornhill Farm, Fairford, Gloucestershire an Iron Age and Roman pastoral site in the upper Thames Valley by David Jennings ... . With contributions by Alistair Barclay ... Ed. by Chris Hayden Oxford Published for Oxford Archaeology by Oxford Univ. School of Archaeology 2004 xx, 200 S. Ill., Kt. 31 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Thames Valley landscapes monograph 23 Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-196) and index Summary in German and French. Geschichte 1979-1989 gnd rswk-swf Funde Excavations (Archaeology) England Gloucestershire Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf Eisenzeit (DE-588)4014102-0 gnd rswk-swf Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 gnd rswk-swf Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd rswk-swf Fairford (England) Antiquities Fairford (DE-588)4553511-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4027540-1 Inventar gnd-content Fairford (DE-588)4553511-5 g Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 s Geschichte 1979-1989 z DE-604 Eisenzeit (DE-588)4014102-0 s Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 s b DE-604 Jennings, David Sonstige oth Barclay, Alistair Sonstige oth Hayden, Chris Sonstige oth Thames Valley landscapes monograph 23 (DE-604)BV010867080 23 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014834356&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Thornhill Farm, Fairford, Gloucestershire an Iron Age and Roman pastoral site in the upper Thames Valley Thames Valley landscapes monograph Funde Excavations (Archaeology) England Gloucestershire Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Eisenzeit (DE-588)4014102-0 gnd Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4014102-0 (DE-588)4076769-3 (DE-588)4129464-6 (DE-588)4553511-5 (DE-588)4027540-1 |
| title | Thornhill Farm, Fairford, Gloucestershire an Iron Age and Roman pastoral site in the upper Thames Valley |
| title_auth | Thornhill Farm, Fairford, Gloucestershire an Iron Age and Roman pastoral site in the upper Thames Valley |
| title_exact_search | Thornhill Farm, Fairford, Gloucestershire an Iron Age and Roman pastoral site in the upper Thames Valley |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Thornhill Farm, Fairford, Gloucestershire an Iron Age and Roman pastoral site in the upper Thames Valley |
| title_full | Thornhill Farm, Fairford, Gloucestershire an Iron Age and Roman pastoral site in the upper Thames Valley by David Jennings ... . With contributions by Alistair Barclay ... Ed. by Chris Hayden |
| title_fullStr | Thornhill Farm, Fairford, Gloucestershire an Iron Age and Roman pastoral site in the upper Thames Valley by David Jennings ... . With contributions by Alistair Barclay ... Ed. by Chris Hayden |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thornhill Farm, Fairford, Gloucestershire an Iron Age and Roman pastoral site in the upper Thames Valley by David Jennings ... . With contributions by Alistair Barclay ... Ed. by Chris Hayden |
| title_short | Thornhill Farm, Fairford, Gloucestershire |
| title_sort | thornhill farm fairford gloucestershire an iron age and roman pastoral site in the upper thames valley |
| title_sub | an Iron Age and Roman pastoral site in the upper Thames Valley |
| topic | Funde Excavations (Archaeology) England Gloucestershire Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Eisenzeit (DE-588)4014102-0 gnd Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Funde Excavations (Archaeology) England Gloucestershire Eisenzeit Römerzeit Ausgrabung Fairford (England) Antiquities Fairford Inventar |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014834356&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV010867080 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jenningsdavid thornhillfarmfairfordgloucestershireanironageandromanpastoralsiteintheupperthamesvalley AT barclayalistair thornhillfarmfairfordgloucestershireanironageandromanpastoralsiteintheupperthamesvalley AT haydenchris thornhillfarmfairfordgloucestershireanironageandromanpastoralsiteintheupperthamesvalley |