Analyzing social settings: a guide to qualitative observation and analysis
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Belmont, CA
Wadsworth
[2006]
|
| Edition: | Fourth edition |
| Series: | Wadsworth Cencage Learning
4 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | xxi, 282 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 0534528619 |
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MARC
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804135376269344768 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS IN BRIEF
List of Figures xvii
Preface to the Fourth Edition xix
Acknowledgments xxi
Introduction: The Aims and Organization of This Guide 1
PART ONE GATHERING DATA 7
Chapter 1 Starting Where You Are 9
Chapter 2 Evaluating Data Sites 15
Chapter 3 Getting In 33
Chapter 4 Getting Along 54
Chapter 5 Logging Data 81
PART TWO FOCUSING DATA 119
Chapter 6 Thinking Topics 121
Chapter 7 Asking Questions 144
Chapter 8 Arousing Interest 168
PART THREE ANALYZING DATA 193
Chapter 9 Developing Analysis 195
Chapter 10 Writing Analysis 220
References 241
Index 273
CONTENTS
List of Figures xvii
Preface to the Fourth Edition xix
Acknowledgments xxi
Introduction: The Aims and Organization of This Guide 1
I. Three Tasks: Gathering, Focusing, and Analyzing Data 1
II. Features and Aspects of Fieldstudies 2
A. Gathering Data: Researcher as Witness
and Instrument 3
B. Focusing Data: Social Science Guidance 4
C. Analyzing Data: Emergence 4
III. Audiences 5
IV. Yet More Labels for Fieldstudies 5
PART ONE GATHERING DATA 7
Chapter 1. Starting Where You Are 9
I. Personal Experience and Biography 9
II. Intellectual Curiosity 12
III. Tradition and Justification 13
Chapter 2. Evaluating Data Sites 15
I. The Overall Goal 15
II. Participant Observation and Intensive Interviewing 17
III. Detailed Assessment of Data Sites 18
A. Evaluating for Appropriateness 18
B. Evaluating for Access 21
1. Investigator Relationship to Setting 22
2. Ascriptive Categories of Researcher
and Researched 23
3. Difficult Settings 25
C. Evaluating for Physical and Emotional Risks 27
D. Evaluating for Ethics 28
E. Evaluating for Personal Consequences 30
IV. A Concluding Word of Caution 32
x Contents
Chapter 3. Getting In 33
I. Types of Settings 34
II. The Unknown Investigator 35
A. Public and Quasi Public Settings 36
B. Private and Quasi Private Settings 37
III. The Known Investigator 40
A. The Insider Participant Researcher Role 41
B. The Outsider Participant Researcher Role 41
1. Connections 41
2. Accounts 43
a. Content 43
b. Timing 45
c. Form 45
d. Audience/Targets 46
3. Knowledge 46
4. Courtesy 47
IV Political, Legal, and Bureaucratic Barriers 47
V. The Question of Confidentiality 51
Chapter 4. Getting Along 54
I. Getting Along with Self: Emotional
and Physical Challenges 54
A. Information Overload 55
B. Deception and the Fear of Disclosure 56
C. Distance and Surrender 57
1. Loathing 58
2. Marginalization 59
3. Sympathy 61
4. Identification 62
D. Physical Dangers 63
E. Dealing with the Challenges 65
II. Getting Along with Members: The Problems
of Developing and Maintaining Field Relations 66
A. Strategies to Facilitate the Development
and Maintenance of Field Relations 67
1. Presentational Strategies 68
a. Nonthreatening Demeanor 68
b. Acceptable Incompetence 69
c. Selective Competence 70
2. Exchange Strategies 71
Contents xi
B. Strategies to Control Relational Closeness 72
1. Preempting 73
2. Finessing 74
3. Declining and Withdrawing 75
III. Getting Along While Getting Out 75
IV. Getting Along with Claimants and Conscience:
Ongoing Ethical Concerns 78
V. Postscript: Personal Accounts of the
Field Experience 79
Chapter 5. Logging Data 81
I. Data: Fact or Fiction? 82
II. The Logging Task 84
A. Data Sources 85
1. Direct Experience 85
2. Social Action 85
3. Talk 87
4. Supplementary Data 88
a. Archival Records 89
b. Physical Traces 89
c. Photographic Data 90
B. Problems of Error and Bias 90
1. Types of Error and Bias 91
a. Reactive Effects 91
b. Perceptual and Interpretive Distortions 91
c. Sampling Errors 91
2. Measures to Control Error and Bias 91
a. Sampling Strategies 91
b. Team Research 93
c. Strategic Selection of Informants 93
d. Member Checking 94
C. The Mechanics of Logging 95
D. Protecting Confidentiality 98
III. Data Logging in Intensive Interviewing:
Guides and Write Ups 99
A. Preparing the Interview Guide 99
1. Puzzlements and Jottings 99
2. Global Sorting and Ordering 100
3. Section Sorting and Ordering 101
4. Probes 102
5. Facesheets and Fieldnotes 103
xii Contents
B. Doing the Interview 104
1. Introduction 104
2. Flexible Format 105
3. Ineffective Questions 105
4. Attending, Thinking, Taking Notes, Taping 106
5. Separate Forms 107
C. Writing Up the Interview 107
IV Data Logging in Observation: Fieldnotes 108
A. Mental Notes 109
B. Jotted Notes 109
C. Full Fieldnotes 110
1. Mechanics 110
2. Contents 112
a. Be Concrete 112
b. Distinguish Notationally Among Member
Comments 113
c. Record Recalled Information 113
d. Include Analytic Ideas and Hunches 113
e. Record Personal Impressions and Feelings 114
f. Reminders 115
3. Style 115
V Interview Write Ups and Fieldnotes as
Compulsion 116
PART TWO FOCUSING DATA 119
Chapter 6. Thinking Topics 121
I. Units and Aspects Combine into Topics 121
II. Units 122
A. Practices 123
B. Episodes 124
C. Encounters 124
D. Roles and Social Types 125
1. Roles 125
2. Social Types 126
E. Social and Personal Relationships 126
F Groups and Cliques 127
G. Organizations 128
H. Settlements and Habitats 129
I. Subcultures and Lifestyles 131
Contents xiii
III. Aspects and Topics 132
A. Cognitive Aspects or Meanings 132
1. Ideologies (and Kindred Concepts) as Meanings 133
2. Rules as Meanings 134
3. Self Concepts and Identities as Meanings 135
B. Emotional Aspects or Feelings 136
1. Emotion and Practices, Episodes, and Encounters 136
2. Emotion and Roles 137
3. Emotion and Organizations 138
C. Hierarchical Aspects or Inequalities 139
1. Hierarchy in Encounters 139
2. Hierarchy in Roles and Relationships 140
3. Hierarchy in Groups 141
IV Two or More Units or Aspects as Topics 141
V Units, Aspects, and Topics Form a Mind Set
for Coding 143
Chapter 7. Asking Questions 144
I. What Are the Topic s Types? 145
A. Single Types 146
B. Multiple Types and Taxonomies 146
C. Typologizing 148
D. Sources and Rules of Typing and Typologizing 149
II. What Are the Topics Frequencies? 149
III. What Are the Topic s Magnitudes? 151
IV. What Are the Topic s Structures? 151
V What Are the Topic s Processes? 152
A. Cycles 152
B. Spirals 153
C. Sequences 154
1. Tracing Back 154
2. Tracing Forward 155
3. Turning Points 155
VI. What Are the Topics Causes? 156
A. Requirements of Causal Explanation 157
B. Selected Models of Causal Explanation 157
1. Experimental Model 157
2. Statistical Model 158
3. Contextual Model 158
xiv Contents
4. Case Comparative Model 158
5. Step/Process Model 158
6. Negative Case Model 158
C. Clarifying the Relationship Between Qualitative Field
Research and Causal Explanation 158
VII. What Are the Topic s Consequences? 162
A. Foreground Issues in Examining Consequences 163
1. Requirements of Inferring Consequences 163
2. Consequences for Whom or for What? 163
3. Intentional and Unintentional Consequences 163
B. Examples of the Qualitative Study
of Consequences 164
VIII. Where and What Is Agency? 165
A. Passivist Versus Agentic Conceptions 165
B. Agentic Questions 166
Chapter 8. Arousing Interest 168
I. Social Science Framing 169
A. Trueness 169
1. Theoretical Candor 170
2. The Ethnographer s Path 170
3. Fieldnote and Interview Transcript Evidence 170
B. Newness 171
1. Relating to Existing Work 171
2. First Report 172
3. Unusual Setting 172
4. New Analytic Focus and Perspective 173
C. Importance 174
1. Questioning Mind Set 174
2. Prepositional Framing 175
3. Generic Concepts 177
a. Using Existing Social Science Conceptions 177
b. Discerning New Forms 178
c. Using Metaphors 179
d. Using Irony 180
4. Developed Treatment 180
a. Conceptual Elaboration 181
b. Balance 183
c. Interpenetration 184
5. Resonating Content 185
Contents xv
II. Social Science Value Commitments 187
A. Demystification 187
B. Holistic Dispassionate Understanding 188
III. Other Framings 189
A. Technocratic/Social Engineering Frame 190
B. Liberation Frame 190
C. Muckraking Frame 191
D. Expressive Voicing 191
PART THREE ANALYZING DATA 193
Chapter 9. Developing Analysis 195
I. Strategy One: Social Science Framing 197
A. Eight Forms of Propositions 197
B. A Third Way to Contrast Propositional
with Other Writing 197
C. Number of Propositions in a Single Fieldstudy 198
II. Strategy Two: Normalizing and Managing Anxiety 198
III. Strategy Three: Coding 200
A. Two Physical Methods of Coding 203
1. Filing 203
2. Computer Databasing 203
B. Types of Coding Files 204
1. Folk/Setting Specific Files 205
2. Analytic Files 206
3. Methodological/Fieldwork Files 208
C. Maintaining a Chronological Record 209
IV. Strategy Four: Memoing 209
V Strategy Five: Diagramming 212
A. Taxonomies 212
B. Matrices and Typologies 214
C. Concept Charts 215
D. Flowcharts 216
VI. Strategy Six: Thinking Flexibly 217
Chapter 10. Writing Analysis 220
I. Preliminary Considerations 221
A. Understanding the Social Psychological Dimensions
of the Writing Process 221
B. Plan Your Writing Time and Place 223
xvi Contents
II. Writing Practices 224
A. Start Writing 224
B. Write on Any Project Aspect, But Write 225
C. Admit Aversion and Write Regularly Anyway 226
D. Trust in Discovery and Surprise in Writing 228
E. Do Not Seek Perfection or the One Right Way 229
E Divide and Conquer 230
G. Draw on Standard Literary Organizing Devices 231
H. Find Your Own Working Style 233
I. Reread and Revise 233
J. Seek Feedback 235
K. Constrain Your Ego and Related Attachments 236
L. Let It Go 237
III. Concluding Observations 238
A. The Fieldstudies Approach as a System of Parts 239
B. The Similarity of All Scholarship 239
References 241
Index 273
LIST OF FIGURES
1.1 Flow Chart of the Three Tasks of Fieldstudies 2
1.1 Examples of Starting Where You Are 10
4.1 Gary Larson on Covert Observation 57
4.2 Summary of Factors Affecting Disengagement 77
5.1 Qualitative Data Sources, Methods, and Informational Yield 86
5.2 Types and Sources of Controls for Error and Bias in Fieldwork 92
5.3 Blue Skies Data Log and Filing System 97
6.1 Matrix of Studies Focusing on Topics Based
on the Intersection of Units 142
7.1 Eight Basic Questions 145
7.2 Taxonomy of Material Survival Strategies Among the Homeless 147
7.3 Example of Typologizing: Granbjerg on Environments
of Nonprofit Organizations 148
8.1 Conceptual Elaboration of Ex Psychiatric Patients Stigma
Management Strategies 182
8.2 Conceptual Elaboration of Stigma Management Strategies
among the Homeless 183
9.1 Examples of Fieldnote Coding from the Charmaz Study
of People with Chronic Illness 202
9.2 Forms of Taxanomic Diagrams 213
9.3 Example of a Concept Charting Diagram: Hodson on
Behavioral Modes at the Workplace 216
9.4 Diagram of Homeless Careers 217
xvii
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS IN BRIEF
List of Figures xvii
Preface to the Fourth Edition xix
Acknowledgments xxi
Introduction: The Aims and Organization of This Guide 1
PART ONE GATHERING DATA 7
Chapter 1 Starting Where You Are 9
Chapter 2 Evaluating Data Sites 15
Chapter 3 Getting In 33
Chapter 4 Getting Along 54
Chapter 5 Logging Data 81
PART TWO FOCUSING DATA 119
Chapter 6 Thinking Topics 121
Chapter 7 Asking Questions 144
Chapter 8 Arousing Interest 168
PART THREE ANALYZING DATA 193
Chapter 9 Developing Analysis 195
Chapter 10 Writing Analysis 220
References 241
Index 273
CONTENTS
List of Figures xvii
Preface to the Fourth Edition xix
Acknowledgments xxi
Introduction: The Aims and Organization of This Guide 1
I. Three Tasks: Gathering, Focusing, and Analyzing Data 1
II. Features and Aspects of Fieldstudies 2
A. Gathering Data: Researcher as Witness
and Instrument 3
B. Focusing Data: Social Science Guidance 4
C. Analyzing Data: Emergence 4
III. Audiences 5
IV. Yet More Labels for Fieldstudies 5
PART ONE GATHERING DATA 7
Chapter 1. Starting Where You Are 9
I. Personal Experience and Biography 9
II. Intellectual Curiosity 12
III. Tradition and Justification 13
Chapter 2. Evaluating Data Sites 15
I. The Overall Goal 15
II. Participant Observation and Intensive Interviewing 17
III. Detailed Assessment of Data Sites 18
A. Evaluating for Appropriateness 18
B. Evaluating for Access 21
1. Investigator Relationship to Setting 22
2. Ascriptive Categories of Researcher
and Researched 23
3. Difficult Settings 25
C. Evaluating for Physical and Emotional Risks 27
D. Evaluating for Ethics 28
E. Evaluating for Personal Consequences 30
IV. A Concluding Word of Caution 32
x Contents
Chapter 3. Getting In 33
I. Types of Settings 34
II. The Unknown Investigator 35
A. Public and Quasi Public Settings 36
B. Private and Quasi Private Settings 37
III. The Known Investigator 40
A. The "Insider" Participant Researcher Role 41
B. The "Outsider" Participant Researcher Role 41
1. Connections 41
2. Accounts 43
a. Content 43
b. Timing 45
c. Form 45
d. Audience/Targets 46
3. Knowledge 46
4. Courtesy 47
IV Political, Legal, and Bureaucratic Barriers 47
V. The Question of Confidentiality 51
Chapter 4. Getting Along 54
I. Getting Along with Self: Emotional
and Physical Challenges 54
A. Information Overload 55
B. Deception and the Fear of Disclosure 56
C. Distance and Surrender 57
1. Loathing 58
2. Marginalization 59
3. Sympathy 61
4. Identification 62
D. Physical Dangers 63
E. Dealing with the Challenges 65
II. Getting Along with Members: The Problems
of Developing and Maintaining Field Relations 66
A. Strategies to Facilitate the Development
and Maintenance of Field Relations 67
1. Presentational Strategies 68
a. Nonthreatening Demeanor 68
b. Acceptable Incompetence 69
c. Selective Competence 70
2. Exchange Strategies 71
Contents xi
B. Strategies to Control Relational Closeness 72
1. Preempting 73
2. Finessing 74
3. Declining and Withdrawing 75
III. Getting Along While Getting Out 75
IV. Getting Along with Claimants and Conscience:
Ongoing Ethical Concerns 78
V. Postscript: Personal Accounts of the
Field Experience 79
Chapter 5. Logging Data 81
I. Data: Fact or Fiction? 82
II. The Logging Task 84
A. Data Sources 85
1. Direct Experience 85
2. Social Action 85
3. Talk 87
4. Supplementary Data 88
a. Archival Records 89
b. Physical Traces 89
c. Photographic Data 90
B. Problems of Error and Bias 90
1. Types of Error and Bias 91
a. Reactive Effects 91
b. Perceptual and Interpretive Distortions 91
c. Sampling Errors 91
2. Measures to Control Error and Bias 91
a. Sampling Strategies 91
b. Team Research 93
c. Strategic Selection of Informants 93
d. Member Checking 94
C. The Mechanics of Logging 95
D. Protecting Confidentiality 98
III. Data Logging in Intensive Interviewing:
Guides and Write Ups 99
A. Preparing the Interview Guide 99
1. Puzzlements and Jottings 99
2. Global Sorting and Ordering 100
3. Section Sorting and Ordering 101
4. Probes 102
5. Facesheets and Fieldnotes 103
xii Contents
B. Doing the Interview 104
1. Introduction 104
2. Flexible Format 105
3. Ineffective Questions 105
4. Attending, Thinking, Taking Notes, Taping 106
5. Separate Forms 107
C. Writing Up the Interview 107
IV Data Logging in Observation: Fieldnotes 108
A. Mental Notes 109
B. Jotted Notes 109
C. Full Fieldnotes 110
1. Mechanics 110
2. Contents 112
a. Be Concrete 112
b. Distinguish Notationally Among Member
Comments 113
c. Record Recalled Information 113
d. Include Analytic Ideas and Hunches 113
e. Record Personal Impressions and Feelings 114
f. Reminders 115
3. Style 115
V Interview Write Ups and Fieldnotes as
Compulsion 116
PART TWO FOCUSING DATA 119
Chapter 6. Thinking Topics 121
I. Units and Aspects Combine into Topics 121
II. Units 122
A. Practices 123
B. Episodes 124
C. Encounters 124
D. Roles and Social Types 125
1. Roles 125
2. Social Types 126
E. Social and Personal Relationships 126
F Groups and Cliques 127
G. Organizations 128
H. Settlements and Habitats 129
I. Subcultures and Lifestyles 131
Contents xiii
III. Aspects and Topics 132
A. Cognitive Aspects or Meanings 132
1. Ideologies (and Kindred Concepts) as Meanings 133
2. Rules as Meanings 134
3. Self Concepts and Identities as Meanings 135
B. Emotional Aspects or Feelings 136
1. Emotion and Practices, Episodes, and Encounters 136
2. Emotion and Roles 137
3. Emotion and Organizations 138
C. Hierarchical Aspects or Inequalities 139
1. Hierarchy in Encounters 139
2. Hierarchy in Roles and Relationships 140
3. Hierarchy in Groups 141
IV Two or More Units or Aspects as Topics 141
V Units, Aspects, and Topics Form a Mind Set
for Coding 143
Chapter 7. Asking Questions 144
I. What Are the Topic's Types? 145
A. Single Types 146
B. Multiple Types and Taxonomies 146
C. Typologizing 148
D. Sources and Rules of Typing and Typologizing 149
II. What Are the Topics Frequencies? 149
III. What Are the Topic's Magnitudes? 151
IV. What Are the Topic's Structures? 151
V What Are the Topic's Processes? 152
A. Cycles 152
B. Spirals 153
C. Sequences 154
1. Tracing Back 154
2. Tracing Forward 155
3. Turning Points 155
VI. What Are the Topics Causes? 156
A. Requirements of Causal Explanation 157
B. Selected Models of Causal Explanation 157
1. Experimental Model 157
2. Statistical Model 158
3. Contextual Model 158
xiv Contents
4. Case Comparative Model 158
5. Step/Process Model 158
6. Negative Case Model 158
C. Clarifying the Relationship Between Qualitative Field
Research and Causal Explanation 158
VII. What Are the Topic's Consequences? 162
A. Foreground Issues in Examining Consequences 163
1. Requirements of Inferring Consequences 163
2. Consequences for Whom or for What? 163
3. Intentional and Unintentional Consequences 163
B. Examples of the Qualitative Study
of Consequences 164
VIII. Where and What Is Agency? 165
A. Passivist Versus Agentic Conceptions 165
B. Agentic Questions 166
Chapter 8. Arousing Interest 168
I. Social Science Framing 169
A. Trueness 169
1. Theoretical Candor 170
2. The Ethnographer's Path 170
3. Fieldnote and Interview Transcript Evidence 170
B. Newness 171
1. Relating to Existing Work 171
2. First Report 172
3. Unusual Setting 172
4. New Analytic Focus and Perspective 173
C. Importance 174
1. Questioning Mind Set 174
2. Prepositional Framing 175
3. Generic Concepts 177
a. Using Existing Social Science Conceptions 177
b. Discerning New Forms 178
c. Using Metaphors 179
d. Using Irony 180
4. Developed Treatment 180
a. Conceptual Elaboration 181
b. Balance 183
c. Interpenetration 184
5. Resonating Content 185
Contents xv
II. Social Science Value Commitments 187
A. Demystification 187
B. Holistic Dispassionate Understanding 188
III. Other Framings 189
A. Technocratic/Social Engineering Frame 190
B. Liberation Frame 190
C. Muckraking Frame 191
D. Expressive Voicing 191
PART THREE ANALYZING DATA 193
Chapter 9. Developing Analysis 195
I. Strategy One: Social Science Framing 197
A. Eight Forms of Propositions 197
B. A Third Way to Contrast Propositional
with Other Writing 197
C. Number of Propositions in a Single Fieldstudy 198
II. Strategy Two: Normalizing and Managing Anxiety 198
III. Strategy Three: Coding 200
A. Two Physical Methods of Coding 203
1. Filing 203
2. Computer Databasing 203
B. Types of Coding Files 204
1. Folk/Setting Specific Files 205
2. Analytic Files 206
3. Methodological/Fieldwork Files 208
C. Maintaining a Chronological Record 209
IV. Strategy Four: Memoing 209
V Strategy Five: Diagramming 212
A. Taxonomies 212
B. Matrices and Typologies 214
C. Concept Charts 215
D. Flowcharts 216
VI. Strategy Six: Thinking Flexibly 217
Chapter 10. Writing Analysis 220
I. Preliminary Considerations 221
A. Understanding the Social Psychological Dimensions
of the Writing Process 221
B. Plan Your Writing Time and Place 223
xvi Contents
II. Writing Practices 224
A. Start Writing 224
B. Write on Any Project Aspect, But Write 225
C. Admit Aversion and Write Regularly Anyway 226
D. Trust in Discovery and Surprise in Writing 228
E. Do Not Seek Perfection or the One Right Way 229
E Divide and Conquer 230
G. Draw on Standard Literary Organizing Devices 231
H. Find Your Own Working Style 233
I. Reread and Revise 233
J. Seek Feedback 235
K. Constrain Your Ego and Related Attachments 236
L. Let It Go 237
III. Concluding Observations 238
A. The Fieldstudies Approach as a System of Parts 239
B. The Similarity of All Scholarship 239
References 241
Index 273
LIST OF FIGURES
1.1 Flow Chart of the Three Tasks of Fieldstudies 2
1.1 Examples of "Starting Where You Are" 10
4.1 Gary Larson on Covert Observation 57
4.2 Summary of Factors Affecting Disengagement 77
5.1 Qualitative Data Sources, Methods, and Informational Yield 86
5.2 Types and Sources of Controls for Error and Bias in Fieldwork 92
5.3 "Blue Skies" Data Log and Filing System 97
6.1 Matrix of Studies Focusing on Topics Based
on the Intersection of Units 142
7.1 Eight Basic Questions 145
7.2 Taxonomy of Material Survival Strategies Among the Homeless 147
7.3 Example of Typologizing: Granbjerg on Environments
of Nonprofit Organizations 148
8.1 Conceptual Elaboration of Ex Psychiatric Patients' Stigma
Management Strategies 182
8.2 Conceptual Elaboration of Stigma Management Strategies
among the Homeless 183
9.1 Examples of Fieldnote Coding from the Charmaz Study
of People with Chronic Illness 202
9.2 Forms of Taxanomic Diagrams 213
9.3 Example of a Concept Charting Diagram: Hodson on
Behavioral Modes at the Workplace 216
9.4 Diagram of Homeless Careers 217
xvii |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Lofland, John 1936- Snow, David A. 1943- Anderson, Leon 1950- Lofland, Lyn H. 1937- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1159979154 (DE-588)133945014 (DE-588)1141722623 (DE-588)1045006114 |
| author_facet | Lofland, John 1936- Snow, David A. 1943- Anderson, Leon 1950- Lofland, Lyn H. 1937- |
| author_role | aut aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Lofland, John 1936- |
| author_variant | j l jl d a s da das l a la l h l lh lhl |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV021596575 |
| callnumber-first | H - Social Science |
| callnumber-label | HM48 |
| callnumber-raw | HM48 |
| callnumber-search | HM48 |
| callnumber-sort | HM 248 |
| callnumber-subject | HM - Sociology |
| classification_rvk | CV 4000 XB 1911 MR 2000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)62327297 (DE-599)BVBBV021596575 |
| dewey-full | 301.072 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 301 - Sociology and anthropology |
| dewey-raw | 301.072 |
| dewey-search | 301.072 |
| dewey-sort | 3301.072 |
| dewey-tens | 300 - Social sciences |
| discipline | Soziologie Psychologie Medizin |
| discipline_str_mv | Soziologie Psychologie Medizin |
| edition | Fourth edition |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV021596575 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:46:22Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:39:31Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0534528619 |
| language | English |
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| oclc_num | 62327297 |
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| physical | xxi, 282 Seiten |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Wadsworth |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Wadsworth Cencage Learning |
| spelling | Lofland, John 1936- Verfasser (DE-588)1159979154 aut Analyzing social settings a guide to qualitative observation and analysis John Lofland, David A. Snow, Leon Anderson, Lyn H. Lofland Fourth edition Belmont, CA Wadsworth [2006] xxi, 282 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Wadsworth Cencage Learning 4 Sociology - Research Sozialwissenschaften Social sciences Research Sociology Methodology Sociology Research Empirische Sozialforschung (DE-588)4014606-6 gnd rswk-swf Qualitative Sozialforschung (DE-588)4395695-6 gnd rswk-swf Forschung (DE-588)4017894-8 gnd rswk-swf Evaluation (DE-588)4071034-8 gnd rswk-swf Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)4055916-6 gnd rswk-swf Feldforschung (DE-588)4016674-0 gnd rswk-swf Methodologie (DE-588)4139716-2 gnd rswk-swf Soziologie (DE-588)4077624-4 gnd rswk-swf Soziologie (DE-588)4077624-4 s Forschung (DE-588)4017894-8 s DE-604 Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)4055916-6 s Empirische Sozialforschung (DE-588)4014606-6 s Methodologie (DE-588)4139716-2 s Feldforschung (DE-588)4016674-0 s Evaluation (DE-588)4071034-8 s Qualitative Sozialforschung (DE-588)4395695-6 s 1\p DE-604 Snow, David A. 1943- Verfasser (DE-588)133945014 aut Anderson, Leon 1950- Verfasser (DE-588)1141722623 aut Lofland, Lyn H. 1937- Verfasser (DE-588)1045006114 aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014811970&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Lofland, John 1936- Snow, David A. 1943- Anderson, Leon 1950- Lofland, Lyn H. 1937- Analyzing social settings a guide to qualitative observation and analysis Sociology - Research Sozialwissenschaften Social sciences Research Sociology Methodology Sociology Research Empirische Sozialforschung (DE-588)4014606-6 gnd Qualitative Sozialforschung (DE-588)4395695-6 gnd Forschung (DE-588)4017894-8 gnd Evaluation (DE-588)4071034-8 gnd Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)4055916-6 gnd Feldforschung (DE-588)4016674-0 gnd Methodologie (DE-588)4139716-2 gnd Soziologie (DE-588)4077624-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4014606-6 (DE-588)4395695-6 (DE-588)4017894-8 (DE-588)4071034-8 (DE-588)4055916-6 (DE-588)4016674-0 (DE-588)4139716-2 (DE-588)4077624-4 |
| title | Analyzing social settings a guide to qualitative observation and analysis |
| title_auth | Analyzing social settings a guide to qualitative observation and analysis |
| title_exact_search | Analyzing social settings a guide to qualitative observation and analysis |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Analyzing social settings a guide to qualitative observation and analysis |
| title_full | Analyzing social settings a guide to qualitative observation and analysis John Lofland, David A. Snow, Leon Anderson, Lyn H. Lofland |
| title_fullStr | Analyzing social settings a guide to qualitative observation and analysis John Lofland, David A. Snow, Leon Anderson, Lyn H. Lofland |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analyzing social settings a guide to qualitative observation and analysis John Lofland, David A. Snow, Leon Anderson, Lyn H. Lofland |
| title_short | Analyzing social settings |
| title_sort | analyzing social settings a guide to qualitative observation and analysis |
| title_sub | a guide to qualitative observation and analysis |
| topic | Sociology - Research Sozialwissenschaften Social sciences Research Sociology Methodology Sociology Research Empirische Sozialforschung (DE-588)4014606-6 gnd Qualitative Sozialforschung (DE-588)4395695-6 gnd Forschung (DE-588)4017894-8 gnd Evaluation (DE-588)4071034-8 gnd Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)4055916-6 gnd Feldforschung (DE-588)4016674-0 gnd Methodologie (DE-588)4139716-2 gnd Soziologie (DE-588)4077624-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sociology - Research Sozialwissenschaften Social sciences Research Sociology Methodology Sociology Research Empirische Sozialforschung Qualitative Sozialforschung Forschung Evaluation Feldforschung Methodologie Soziologie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014811970&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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