Tunnelling and tunnel mechanics: a rational approach to tunnelling
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York
Springer
2005
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XV, 437 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783540251965 3540251960 |
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MARC
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| 020 | |a 3540251960 |c Pp. : EUR 106.95 (freier Pr.), sfr 169.00 (freier Pr.) |9 3-540-25196-0 | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Kolymbas, Dimitrios |d 1949- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)121734277 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Tunnelling and tunnel mechanics |b a rational approach to tunnelling |c Dimitrios Kolymbas |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York |b Springer |c 2005 | |
| 300 | |a XV, 437 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. |c 24 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Tunnel - Geomechanik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Tunnelbau | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Rock mechanics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Tunneling | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Tunnel |0 (DE-588)4061212-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Tunnelbau |0 (DE-588)4061215-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Geomechanik |0 (DE-588)4126903-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Tunnelbau |0 (DE-588)4061215-6 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Tunnel |0 (DE-588)4061212-0 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a Geomechanik |0 (DE-588)4126903-2 |D s |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014790094 | ||
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804135342487371776 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | DIMITRIO
S KOLYMBAS
TUNELLING
AN
D TUNNEL MECHANICS
A RATIONAL APPROACH TO TUNNELLING
WITH 332 FIGURES
4Y SPRINGER
CONTENTS
PART I DESIG
N
INTRODUCTIO
N
3
1.1 BENEFITS FROM TUNNELLING 3
1.2 STATISTICAL REVIEW 3
1.3 NOTATIONS IN TUNNELLING 6
1.4 CROSS SECTIONS 7
1.4.1 ROAD TUNNELS 15
1.4.2 RAIL TUNNELS 17
1.5 ALIGNMENT 18
1.6 UNDERGROUND WATER CONDUITS 20
1.7 STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 22
1.8 COSTS 24
1.9 PLANNING AND CONTRACTING 25
1.9.1 COST AND TIME MANAGEMENT 28
1.9.2 EXPERTS 29
INSTALLATION
S I
N TUNNEL
S
31
2.1 INSTALLATION
S FOR TRAFFIC CONTRO
L 31
2.2 INSTALLATION
S FOR TELECOMMUNICATIO
N 32
2.3 VENTILATIO
N 32
2.3.1 VENTILATIO
N DURIN
G CONSTRUCTIO
N 32
2.3.2 DESIGN OF CONSTRUCTIO
N VENTILATIO
N 35
2.3.3 VENTILATIO
N OF ROA
D TUNNEL
S 37
2.3.4 CONTRO
L OF VENTILATIO
N 41
2.4 FIR
E PROTECTIO
N 42
2.4.1 FIRE-RESISTAN
T CONCRET
E 45
2.4.2 FIR
E DETECTOR
S AN
D EXTINGUISHER
S 46
2.4.3 EXAMPLE
: REFURBISHMEN
T OF TH
E MONTBLAN
C TUNNEL...
. 48
2.5 ILLUMINATIO
N OF ROA
D TUNNEL
S 49
2.6 DRAINAG
E 52
X CONTENTS
2.7 EXAMPLES FOR THE EQUIPMENT OF MODERN ROAD TUNNELS 53
2.8 RATING OF SAFETY IN ROAD TUNNELS 55
3 INVESTIGATIO
N AND DESCRIPTIO
N OF TH
E GROUND
57
3.1 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS 57
3.1.1 PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION 58
3.1.2 MAIN SITE INVESTIGATION 59
3.1.3 INVESTIGATION DURING AND AFTER CONSTRUCTION 59
3.2 SITE INVESTIGATION 60
3.2.1 EXPLORATION DRILLING 62
3.3 GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION 64
3.4 JOINTS 64
3.5 WEATHERING 69
3.6 ROCK RATING AND CLASSIFICATION 69
3.6.1 RMR-SYSTEM 70
3.6.2 Q-SYSTEM 71
3.7 REPORTS 72
4 HEADIN
G
75
4.1 FULL FACE AND PARTIAL FACE EXCAVATION 75
4.2 EXCAVATION 80
4.3 DRILL & BLAST 84
4.3.1 DRILLING OF BLASTHOLES 85
4.3.2 CHARGING 86
4.3.3 TAMPING 86
4.3.4 IGNITION 86
4.3.5 DISTRIBUTION OF CHARGES AND CONSECUTION OF IGNITION ..
. 87
4.3.6 EXPLOSIVES 88
4.3.7 EXPLOSIVE CONSUMPTION 89
4.3.8 SAFETY PROVISIONS 89
4.3.9 VENTILATION 90
4.3.10 BACKUP 90
4.3.11 SHOCKS AND VIBRATIONS 90
4.4 SHIELD HEADING 92
4.4.1 SHIELD HEADING IN GROUNDWATER 103
4.4.2 TUNNELLING WITH BOX- OR PIPE-JACKING .
, 109
4.4.3 MICROTUNNELS 110
4.4.4 SPEED OF ADVANCE IL
L
4.4.5 DRIVE-IN AND DRIVE-OUT OPERATIONS 112
4.4.6 PROBLEMS WITH SHIELD HEADING 112
4.5 COMPARISON OF TBM WITH CONVENTIONAL HEADING 114
4.6 ROCK EXCAVATION 115
4.6.1 DRILLING OF BOREHOLES 116
4.6.2 ROCK EXCAVATION WITH DISC CUTTERS 118
CONTENTS XI
4.6.3 ABRASION 124
4.6.4 DRILLING: HISTORY REVIEW 125
4.7 PROFILING 126
4.8 MUCKING 127
SUPPORT
131
5.1 BASIC IDEA OF SUPPORT 131
5.2 SHOTCRETE 132
5.2.1 STEEL FIBRE REINFORCED SHOTCRETE (SFRS) 136
5.2.2 QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF SHOTCRETE 137
5.3 STEEL MESHES 137
5.4 ROCK REINFORCEMENT 137
5.4.1 CONNECTION WITH THE ADJACENT ROCK 138
5.4.2 TENSIONING 142
5.4.3 TESTING 143
5.4.4 APPLICATION 143
5.5 TIMBERING 144
5.6 SUPPORT ARCHES 146
5.7 FOREPOLING 147
5.8 FACE SUPPORT 149
5.9 SEALING 149
5.10 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUPPORT 150
5.11 TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT LININGS 152
5.12 PERMANENT LINING 153
5.12.1 REINFORCEMENT OF THE PERMANENT LINING 154
5.12.2 QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF THE LINING 155
5.13 SINGLE-SHELL (MONOCOQUE) LINING 156
GROUTIN
G AND FREEZING
159
6.1 LOW PRESSURE GROUTING 159
6.2 SOIL FRACTURING, COMPENSATION GROUTING 161
6.3 JET GROUTING 163
6.4 GROUTS 163
6.5 ROCK GROUTING 166
6.6 ADVANCE GROUTING 168
6.7 SOIL FREEZING 168
6.7.1 FROST HEAVES 169
6.8 PROPAGATION OF FROST 170
TH
E NE
W AUSTRIA
N TUNNELLING METHO
D
171
7.1 HSE REVIEW 173
XII CONTENTS
8 MANAGEMEN
T OF GROUNDWATER
177
8.1 FLOW WITHIN ROCK 177
8.1.1 POROSITY OF ROCK 177
8.1.2 PORE PRESSURE 178
8.1.3 PERMEABILITY OF ROCK 179
8.2 INFLOW IN THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE 181
8.3 TO DRAIN OR TO SEAL? 183
8.4 DRAINAGE 183
8.5 WATER INGRESS INTO A DRAINED CIRCULAR TUNNEL 187
8.5.1 SEEPAGE FORCE 189
8.6 INFLUENCE OF DRAINAGE 190
8.7 SEALING (WATERPROOFING) 191
8.8 GEOSYNTHETICS IN TUNNELLING 195
9 APPLICATIO
N OF COMPRESSE
D AIR
197
9.1 HEALTH PROBLEMS 199
9.2 INFLUENCE ON SHOTCRETE 201
9.3 BLOW-OUTS 201
10 SUBAQUEOUS TUNNEL
S
203
10.1 TOWING AND LOWERING METHOD 204
10.2 CAISSONS 206
11 SHAFTS
211
11.1 DRIVING OF SHAFTS 211
11.2 EART
H PRESSURE ON SHAFTS 214
12 SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTIO
N
217
12.1 HEALTH HAZARDS 217
12.2 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN TUNNELLING 221
12.2.1 HAZARDS DUE TO FAILURE OF VITAL INSTALLATIONS 221
12.2.2 SPECIAL PROVISIONS 221
12.2.3 ENERGY SUPPLY OF EXCAVATION MACHINES 222
12.2.4 ILLUMINATION DURING CONSTRUCTION 223
12.3 CONTROLS 223
12.4 RISK MANAGEMENT 224
12.5 EMERGENCY PLAN AND RESCUE CONCEPT 225
12.6 QUANTIFICATION OF SAFETY 226
12.7 COLLAPSES 226
12.7.1 HEATHROW COLLAPSE 229
CONTENTS XIII
PART II TUNNELLING MECHANICS
13 BEHAVIOU
R OF SOIL AND ROCK
235
13.1 SOIL AND ROCK 235
13.2 GENERAL NOTES ON MATERIAL BEHAVIOUR 235
13.3 ELASTICITY 237
13.4 PLASTICITY 239
13.5 STRENGTH 240
13.5.1 STRENGTH OF SOIL 240
13.5.2 STRENGTH OF ROCK 243
13.5.3 BRITTLE AND DUCTILE BEHAVIOUR 246
13.6 POST-PEAK DEFORMATION 248
13.6.1 POINT LOAD TEST 249
13.6.2 GRIFFITH S THEORY 250
13.6.3 ACOUSTIC EMISSION 251
13.6.4 FRICTION OF JOINTS 251
13.7 ANISOTROPY 252
13.8 RATE DEPENDENCE AND VISCOSITY OF SOIL AND ROCK 253
13.9 SIZE EFFECT 256
13.9.1 SIZE EFFECT IN ROCK 256
13.9.2 SIZE EFFECT IN SOIL 258
13.9.3 RODIONOV S THEORY 258
13.10 DISCRETE MODELS 260
13.11 ROCK MASS STRENGTH 261
13.12 SWELLING 265
13.13 FIELD TESTS 267
14 STRES
S AND DEFORMATION FIELDS AROUND A DEE
P CIRCULAR TUNNE
L
271
14.1 RATIONALE OF ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS 271
14.2 SOME FUNDAMENTALS 271
14.3 GEOSTATIC PRIMARY STRESS 276
14.4 HYDROSTATIC PRIMARY STRESS 279
14.5 PLASTIFICATION 281
14.5.1 CONSIDERATION OF COHESION 284
14.6 GROUND REACTION LINE 285
14.7 PRESSUREMETER, THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 288
14.8 SUPPORT REACTION LINE 289
14.9 RIGID BLOCK DEFORMATION MECHANISM FOR TUNNELS AND SHAFTS . . . 290
14.10 SQUEEZING 293
14.10.1 SQUEEZING AS A TIME-DEPENDENT PHENOMENON 293
14.10.2 NEGLECTING TIME-DEPENDENCE 295
14.10.3 INTERACTION WITH SUPPORT 297
14.10.4 SQUEEZING IN ANISOTROPIC ROCK 301
14.11 SOFTENING OF THE GROUND 301
XIV CONTENTS
15 SUPPORTIN
G ACTIO
N OF ANCHORS/BOLT
S
305
15.1 IMPACT OF PATTER
N BOLTING 306
15.1.1 GROUND STIFFENING BY PRE-STRESSED ANCHORS 307
15.1.2 PRE-STRESSED ANCHORS IN COHESIVE SOILS 309
15.1.3 STIFFENING EFFECT OF PATTER
N BOLTING 311
16 SOME APPROXIMAT
E SOLUTION
S FOR SHALLOW TUNNEL
S
313
16.1 JANSSEN S SILO EQUATION 313
16.2 TRAPDOOR 316
16.3 SUPPORT PRESSURES AT CROWN AND INVERT 319
16.4 FORCES ACTING UPON AND WITHIN THE LINING 325
16.5 ESTIMATIONS BASED ON TH
E BOUND THEOREMS 327
16.5.1 LOWER BOUND OF TH
E SUPPORT PRESSURE 327
16.5.2 UPPER BOUND OF THE SUPPORT PRESSURE 328
17 STABILIT
Y OF TH
E EXCAVATIO
N FACE
329
17.1 APPROXIMATE SOLUTION FOR GROUND WITH OWN WEIGHT 329
17.2 NUMERICAL RESULTS 330
17.3 STABILITY ACCORDING TO THE BOUND THEOREMS 330
17.4 STAND-UP TIME OF THE EXCAVATION FACE 333
18 EARTHQUAKE EFFECTS O
N TUNNEL
S
335
18.1 GENERAL REMARKS 335
18.2 IMPOSED DEFORMATION 336
19 SETTLEMEN
T OF TH
E SURFACE
339
19.1 ESTIMATION OF SETTLEMENT 339
19.2 REVERSAL OF SETTLEMENTS WITH GROUTING 344
19.3 RISK OF BUILDING DAMAGE DUE TO TUNNELLING 344
20 STABILIT
Y PROBLEMS IN TUNNELLIN
G
349
20.1 ROCKBURST 349
20.2 BUCKLING OF BURIED PIPES 349
20.2.1 BUCKLING OF PIPES LOADED BY FLUID 350
20.2.2 BUCKLING OF ELASTICALLY EMBEDDED PIPES 352
21 MONITORIN
G
353
21.1 LEVELLING 354
21.2 MONITORING OF DISPLACEMENTS AND CONVERGENCE 354
21.3 EXTENSOMETERS AND INCLINOMETERS 355
21.4 MONITORING STRESSES WITHIN THE LINING 357
21.5 MEASUREMENT OF PRIMARY STRESS 360
21.5.1 HYDRAULIC FRACTURING 360
21.5.2 UNLOADING AND COMPENSATION METHODS 362
21.6 CROSS SECTIONS FOR MONITORING 363
CONTENTS XV
22 NUMERICA
L ANALYSIS OF TUNNEL
S
365
22.1 GENERAL REMARKS 365
22.1.1 INITIAL AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 366
22.1.2 COPING WITH NON-LINEARITY 368
22.1.3 CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION 370
22.2 METHOD OF SUBGRADE REACTION 371
22.3 DIFFICULTIES RELATED T
O THE DESIGN OF SHOTCRETE LINING 373
PART II
I APPENDICE
S
A PHYSIC
S OF DETONATIO
N
379
A.I DETONATION . 379
A.2 UNDERGROUND EXPLOSIONS 381
A.3 INTERACTION OF CHARGES 382
B SUPPORT OF SOIL WIT
H A PRESSURISED FLUID
385
C A SIMPL
E ANALYTICA
L APPROXIMATIO
N FOR FROST PROPAGATION...
. 387
D RIGOROUS SOLUTIO
N FOR TH
E STEAD
Y WATER INFLOW T
O A CIRCULAR
TUNNE
L
393
E AERODYNAMI
C PRESSURE RISE IN TUNNEL
S
397
F MULTIPHAS
E MODE
L OF REINFORCED GROUND
399
G DEFORMATIO
N OF A TUNNE
L DU
E T
O SEISMI
C WAVES 403
H A RATIONAL APPROACH T
O SWELLIN
G 405
GLOSSARY
409
9.1 ENGLISH - GERMAN 410
9.2 GERMAN - ENGLISH 419
INDE
X 429
|
| adam_txt |
DIMITRIO
S KOLYMBAS
TUNELLING
AN
D TUNNEL MECHANICS
A RATIONAL APPROACH TO TUNNELLING
WITH 332 FIGURES
4Y SPRINGER
CONTENTS
PART I DESIG
N
INTRODUCTIO
N
3
1.1 BENEFITS FROM TUNNELLING 3
1.2 STATISTICAL REVIEW 3
1.3 NOTATIONS IN TUNNELLING 6
1.4 CROSS SECTIONS 7
1.4.1 ROAD TUNNELS 15
1.4.2 RAIL TUNNELS 17
1.5 ALIGNMENT 18
1.6 UNDERGROUND WATER CONDUITS 20
1.7 STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 22
1.8 COSTS 24
1.9 PLANNING AND CONTRACTING 25
1.9.1 COST AND TIME MANAGEMENT 28
1.9.2 EXPERTS 29
INSTALLATION
S I
N TUNNEL
S
31
2.1 INSTALLATION
S FOR TRAFFIC CONTRO
L 31
2.2 INSTALLATION
S FOR TELECOMMUNICATIO
N 32
2.3 VENTILATIO
N 32
2.3.1 VENTILATIO
N DURIN
G CONSTRUCTIO
N 32
2.3.2 DESIGN OF CONSTRUCTIO
N VENTILATIO
N 35
2.3.3 VENTILATIO
N OF ROA
D TUNNEL
S 37
2.3.4 CONTRO
L OF VENTILATIO
N 41
2.4 FIR
E PROTECTIO
N 42
2.4.1 FIRE-RESISTAN
T CONCRET
E 45
2.4.2 FIR
E DETECTOR
S AN
D EXTINGUISHER
S 46
2.4.3 EXAMPLE
: REFURBISHMEN
T OF TH
E MONTBLAN
C TUNNEL.
. 48
2.5 ILLUMINATIO
N OF ROA
D TUNNEL
S 49
2.6 DRAINAG
E 52
X CONTENTS
2.7 EXAMPLES FOR THE EQUIPMENT OF MODERN ROAD TUNNELS 53
2.8 RATING OF SAFETY IN ROAD TUNNELS 55
3 INVESTIGATIO
N AND DESCRIPTIO
N OF TH
E GROUND
57
3.1 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS 57
3.1.1 PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION 58
3.1.2 MAIN SITE INVESTIGATION 59
3.1.3 INVESTIGATION DURING AND AFTER CONSTRUCTION 59
3.2 SITE INVESTIGATION 60
3.2.1 EXPLORATION DRILLING 62
3.3 GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION 64
3.4 JOINTS 64
3.5 WEATHERING 69
3.6 ROCK RATING AND CLASSIFICATION 69
3.6.1 RMR-SYSTEM 70
3.6.2 Q-SYSTEM 71
3.7 REPORTS 72
4 HEADIN
G
75
4.1 FULL FACE AND PARTIAL FACE EXCAVATION 75
4.2 EXCAVATION 80
4.3 DRILL & BLAST 84
4.3.1 DRILLING OF BLASTHOLES 85
4.3.2 CHARGING 86
4.3.3 TAMPING 86
4.3.4 IGNITION 86
4.3.5 DISTRIBUTION OF CHARGES AND CONSECUTION OF IGNITION .
. 87
4.3.6 EXPLOSIVES 88
4.3.7 EXPLOSIVE CONSUMPTION 89
4.3.8 SAFETY PROVISIONS 89
4.3.9 VENTILATION 90
4.3.10 BACKUP 90
4.3.11 SHOCKS AND VIBRATIONS 90
4.4 SHIELD HEADING 92
4.4.1 SHIELD HEADING IN GROUNDWATER 103
4.4.2 TUNNELLING WITH BOX- OR PIPE-JACKING .
, 109
4.4.3 MICROTUNNELS 110
4.4.4 SPEED OF ADVANCE IL
L
4.4.5 DRIVE-IN AND DRIVE-OUT OPERATIONS 112
4.4.6 PROBLEMS WITH SHIELD HEADING 112
4.5 COMPARISON OF TBM WITH CONVENTIONAL HEADING 114
4.6 ROCK EXCAVATION 115
4.6.1 DRILLING OF BOREHOLES 116
4.6.2 ROCK EXCAVATION WITH DISC CUTTERS 118
CONTENTS XI
4.6.3 ABRASION 124
4.6.4 DRILLING: HISTORY REVIEW 125
4.7 PROFILING 126
4.8 MUCKING 127
SUPPORT
131
5.1 BASIC IDEA OF SUPPORT 131
5.2 SHOTCRETE 132
5.2.1 STEEL FIBRE REINFORCED SHOTCRETE (SFRS) 136
5.2.2 QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF SHOTCRETE 137
5.3 STEEL MESHES 137
5.4 ROCK REINFORCEMENT 137
5.4.1 CONNECTION WITH THE ADJACENT ROCK 138
5.4.2 TENSIONING 142
5.4.3 TESTING 143
5.4.4 APPLICATION 143
5.5 TIMBERING 144
5.6 SUPPORT ARCHES 146
5.7 FOREPOLING 147
5.8 FACE SUPPORT 149
5.9 SEALING 149
5.10 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUPPORT 150
5.11 TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT LININGS 152
5.12 PERMANENT LINING 153
5.12.1 REINFORCEMENT OF THE PERMANENT LINING 154
5.12.2 QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF THE LINING 155
5.13 SINGLE-SHELL (MONOCOQUE) LINING 156
GROUTIN
G AND FREEZING
159
6.1 LOW PRESSURE GROUTING 159
6.2 SOIL FRACTURING, COMPENSATION GROUTING 161
6.3 JET GROUTING 163
6.4 GROUTS 163
6.5 ROCK GROUTING 166
6.6 ADVANCE GROUTING 168
6.7 SOIL FREEZING 168
6.7.1 FROST HEAVES 169
6.8 PROPAGATION OF FROST 170
TH
E NE
W AUSTRIA
N TUNNELLING METHO
D
171
7.1 HSE REVIEW 173
XII CONTENTS
8 MANAGEMEN
T OF GROUNDWATER
177
8.1 FLOW WITHIN ROCK 177
8.1.1 POROSITY OF ROCK 177
8.1.2 PORE PRESSURE 178
8.1.3 PERMEABILITY OF ROCK 179
8.2 INFLOW IN THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE 181
8.3 TO DRAIN OR TO SEAL? 183
8.4 DRAINAGE 183
8.5 WATER INGRESS INTO A DRAINED CIRCULAR TUNNEL 187
8.5.1 SEEPAGE FORCE 189
8.6 INFLUENCE OF DRAINAGE 190
8.7 SEALING (WATERPROOFING) 191
8.8 GEOSYNTHETICS IN TUNNELLING 195
9 APPLICATIO
N OF COMPRESSE
D AIR
197
9.1 HEALTH PROBLEMS 199
9.2 INFLUENCE ON SHOTCRETE 201
9.3 BLOW-OUTS 201
10 SUBAQUEOUS TUNNEL
S
203
10.1 TOWING AND LOWERING METHOD 204
10.2 CAISSONS 206
11 SHAFTS
211
11.1 DRIVING OF SHAFTS 211
11.2 EART
H PRESSURE ON SHAFTS 214
12 SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTIO
N
217
12.1 HEALTH HAZARDS 217
12.2 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN TUNNELLING 221
12.2.1 HAZARDS DUE TO FAILURE OF VITAL INSTALLATIONS 221
12.2.2 SPECIAL PROVISIONS 221
12.2.3 ENERGY SUPPLY OF EXCAVATION MACHINES 222
12.2.4 ILLUMINATION DURING CONSTRUCTION 223
12.3 CONTROLS 223
12.4 RISK MANAGEMENT 224
12.5 EMERGENCY PLAN AND RESCUE CONCEPT 225
12.6 QUANTIFICATION OF SAFETY 226
12.7 COLLAPSES 226
12.7.1 HEATHROW COLLAPSE 229
CONTENTS XIII
PART II TUNNELLING MECHANICS
13 BEHAVIOU
R OF SOIL AND ROCK
235
13.1 SOIL AND ROCK 235
13.2 GENERAL NOTES ON MATERIAL BEHAVIOUR 235
13.3 ELASTICITY 237
13.4 PLASTICITY 239
13.5 STRENGTH 240
13.5.1 STRENGTH OF SOIL 240
13.5.2 STRENGTH OF ROCK 243
13.5.3 BRITTLE AND DUCTILE BEHAVIOUR 246
13.6 POST-PEAK DEFORMATION 248
13.6.1 POINT LOAD TEST 249
13.6.2 GRIFFITH'S THEORY 250
13.6.3 ACOUSTIC EMISSION 251
13.6.4 FRICTION OF JOINTS 251
13.7 ANISOTROPY 252
13.8 RATE DEPENDENCE AND VISCOSITY OF SOIL AND ROCK 253
13.9 SIZE EFFECT 256
13.9.1 SIZE EFFECT IN ROCK 256
13.9.2 SIZE EFFECT IN SOIL 258
13.9.3 RODIONOV'S THEORY 258
13.10 DISCRETE MODELS 260
13.11 ROCK MASS STRENGTH 261
13.12 SWELLING 265
13.13 FIELD TESTS 267
14 STRES
S AND DEFORMATION FIELDS AROUND A DEE
P CIRCULAR TUNNE
L
271
14.1 RATIONALE OF ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS 271
14.2 SOME FUNDAMENTALS 271
14.3 GEOSTATIC PRIMARY STRESS 276
14.4 HYDROSTATIC PRIMARY STRESS 279
14.5 PLASTIFICATION 281
14.5.1 CONSIDERATION OF COHESION 284
14.6 GROUND REACTION LINE 285
14.7 PRESSUREMETER, THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 288
14.8 SUPPORT REACTION LINE 289
14.9 RIGID BLOCK DEFORMATION MECHANISM FOR TUNNELS AND SHAFTS . . . 290
14.10 SQUEEZING 293
14.10.1 SQUEEZING AS A TIME-DEPENDENT PHENOMENON 293
14.10.2 NEGLECTING TIME-DEPENDENCE 295
14.10.3 INTERACTION WITH SUPPORT 297
14.10.4 SQUEEZING IN ANISOTROPIC ROCK 301
14.11 SOFTENING OF THE GROUND 301
XIV CONTENTS
15 SUPPORTIN
G ACTIO
N OF ANCHORS/BOLT
S
305
15.1 IMPACT OF PATTER
N BOLTING 306
15.1.1 GROUND STIFFENING BY PRE-STRESSED ANCHORS 307
15.1.2 PRE-STRESSED ANCHORS IN COHESIVE SOILS 309
15.1.3 STIFFENING EFFECT OF PATTER
N BOLTING 311
16 SOME APPROXIMAT
E SOLUTION
S FOR SHALLOW TUNNEL
S
313
16.1 JANSSEN'S SILO EQUATION 313
16.2 TRAPDOOR 316
16.3 SUPPORT PRESSURES AT CROWN AND INVERT 319
16.4 FORCES ACTING UPON AND WITHIN THE LINING 325
16.5 ESTIMATIONS BASED ON TH
E BOUND THEOREMS 327
16.5.1 LOWER BOUND OF TH
E SUPPORT PRESSURE 327
16.5.2 UPPER BOUND OF THE SUPPORT PRESSURE 328
17 STABILIT
Y OF TH
E EXCAVATIO
N FACE
329
17.1 APPROXIMATE SOLUTION FOR GROUND WITH OWN WEIGHT 329
17.2 NUMERICAL RESULTS 330
17.3 STABILITY ACCORDING TO THE BOUND THEOREMS 330
17.4 STAND-UP TIME OF THE EXCAVATION FACE 333
18 EARTHQUAKE EFFECTS O
N TUNNEL
S
335
18.1 GENERAL REMARKS 335
18.2 IMPOSED DEFORMATION 336
19 SETTLEMEN
T OF TH
E SURFACE
339
19.1 ESTIMATION OF SETTLEMENT 339
19.2 REVERSAL OF SETTLEMENTS WITH GROUTING 344
19.3 RISK OF BUILDING DAMAGE DUE TO TUNNELLING 344
20 STABILIT
Y PROBLEMS IN TUNNELLIN
G
349
20.1 ROCKBURST 349
20.2 BUCKLING OF BURIED PIPES 349
20.2.1 BUCKLING OF PIPES LOADED BY FLUID 350
20.2.2 BUCKLING OF ELASTICALLY EMBEDDED PIPES 352
21 MONITORIN
G
353
21.1 LEVELLING 354
21.2 MONITORING OF DISPLACEMENTS AND CONVERGENCE 354
21.3 EXTENSOMETERS AND INCLINOMETERS 355
21.4 MONITORING STRESSES WITHIN THE LINING 357
21.5 MEASUREMENT OF PRIMARY STRESS 360
21.5.1 HYDRAULIC FRACTURING 360
21.5.2 UNLOADING AND COMPENSATION METHODS 362
21.6 CROSS SECTIONS FOR MONITORING 363
CONTENTS XV
22 NUMERICA
L ANALYSIS OF TUNNEL
S
365
22.1 GENERAL REMARKS 365
22.1.1 INITIAL AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 366
22.1.2 COPING WITH NON-LINEARITY 368
22.1.3 CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION 370
22.2 METHOD OF SUBGRADE REACTION 371
22.3 DIFFICULTIES RELATED T
O THE DESIGN OF SHOTCRETE LINING 373
PART II
I APPENDICE
S
A PHYSIC
S OF DETONATIO
N
379
A.I DETONATION . 379
A.2 UNDERGROUND EXPLOSIONS 381
A.3 INTERACTION OF CHARGES 382
B SUPPORT OF SOIL WIT
H A PRESSURISED FLUID
385
C A SIMPL
E ANALYTICA
L APPROXIMATIO
N FOR FROST PROPAGATION.
. 387
D RIGOROUS SOLUTIO
N FOR TH
E STEAD
Y WATER INFLOW T
O A CIRCULAR
TUNNE
L
393
E AERODYNAMI
C PRESSURE RISE IN TUNNEL
S
397
F MULTIPHAS
E MODE
L OF REINFORCED GROUND
399
G DEFORMATIO
N OF A TUNNE
L DU
E T
O SEISMI
C WAVES 403
H A RATIONAL APPROACH T
O SWELLIN
G 405
GLOSSARY
409
9.1 ENGLISH - GERMAN 410
9.2 GERMAN - ENGLISH 419
INDE
X 429 |
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| author | Kolymbas, Dimitrios 1949- |
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| dewey-sort | 3624.193 |
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| discipline | Maschinenbau / Maschinenwesen Bauingenieurwesen |
| discipline_str_mv | Maschinenbau / Maschinenwesen Bauingenieurwesen |
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| id | DE-604.BV021574329 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:39:28Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:38:59Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783540251965 3540251960 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014790094 |
| oclc_num | 254249747 |
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| owner_facet | DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-83 |
| physical | XV, 437 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publishDateSearch | 2005 |
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| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Kolymbas, Dimitrios 1949- Verfasser (DE-588)121734277 aut Tunnelling and tunnel mechanics a rational approach to tunnelling Dimitrios Kolymbas Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York Springer 2005 XV, 437 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Tunnel - Geomechanik Tunnelbau Rock mechanics Tunneling Tunnel (DE-588)4061212-0 gnd rswk-swf Tunnelbau (DE-588)4061215-6 gnd rswk-swf Geomechanik (DE-588)4126903-2 gnd rswk-swf Tunnelbau (DE-588)4061215-6 s DE-604 Tunnel (DE-588)4061212-0 s Geomechanik (DE-588)4126903-2 s DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014790094&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kolymbas, Dimitrios 1949- Tunnelling and tunnel mechanics a rational approach to tunnelling Tunnel - Geomechanik Tunnelbau Rock mechanics Tunneling Tunnel (DE-588)4061212-0 gnd Tunnelbau (DE-588)4061215-6 gnd Geomechanik (DE-588)4126903-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4061212-0 (DE-588)4061215-6 (DE-588)4126903-2 |
| title | Tunnelling and tunnel mechanics a rational approach to tunnelling |
| title_auth | Tunnelling and tunnel mechanics a rational approach to tunnelling |
| title_exact_search | Tunnelling and tunnel mechanics a rational approach to tunnelling |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Tunnelling and tunnel mechanics a rational approach to tunnelling |
| title_full | Tunnelling and tunnel mechanics a rational approach to tunnelling Dimitrios Kolymbas |
| title_fullStr | Tunnelling and tunnel mechanics a rational approach to tunnelling Dimitrios Kolymbas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tunnelling and tunnel mechanics a rational approach to tunnelling Dimitrios Kolymbas |
| title_short | Tunnelling and tunnel mechanics |
| title_sort | tunnelling and tunnel mechanics a rational approach to tunnelling |
| title_sub | a rational approach to tunnelling |
| topic | Tunnel - Geomechanik Tunnelbau Rock mechanics Tunneling Tunnel (DE-588)4061212-0 gnd Tunnelbau (DE-588)4061215-6 gnd Geomechanik (DE-588)4126903-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Tunnel - Geomechanik Tunnelbau Rock mechanics Tunneling Tunnel Geomechanik |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014790094&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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