The origins of the war of 1914: 3 The epilogue of the crisis of July 1914 to the declaration of war and of neutrality
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| 020 | |a 1929631332 |9 1-92963-133-2 | ||
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| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-12 | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Albertini, Luigi |d 1871-1941 |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)119293366 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The origins of the war of 1914 |n 3 |p The epilogue of the crisis of July 1914 to the declaration of war and of neutrality |c Luigi Albertini; transl. and ed. by Isabella M. Massey |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York |b Enigma |c 2005 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 772 S. |b Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Massey, Isabella M. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
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ÍNDEX
АВВЛ
/.I \,
iiiuviTsjiiniis
лі, \22
ЛЫн
-villi-
Ni l^iii-iinn lim·,
2ΛΖ~
Aberdeen,
1
ord,
414
Ac
tmu
Ir.Wf.i/if.
Н(,
"
Adrian« ipk·,
ы>
ł,
dos, f,(iN
Adriatic, tt.ih.iti
.mus m,
.4')
Ледени КІдіиін,
2«(>. f,24
626 8 61^-3
^.Ä"»
MlUS· iłar<111 '^«'«^unt
from
i
«").
Austro
Hungarian Ambassador at
St
1ЧнЫ.ип;. 1Н9<)
|«J(ï6;
Minister for Foreign
AH.ins, |'>Of> !J, H?, 2H\, f>47
Agadir
(
пчіч.
424
S,
4Л1, 4КЛ,
485
Ліх
-łii
(
:Ьд|п-ІІ<\
450
Aland
K latu
Is,
ы,.\
Albania:
liiítn.i
і ішщ.іп
ami,
27Н,
293
Austro-ltalian
■AgToemeiits, 27(>
Austri
>-Serbian
conflict
\2<)
/Л/Д
.imi.
255, 275
-ň
Setin.)
und. 353
Albania, Northern,
641), 653
Albumi, Southern,
Greece and,
640-1
Albert
I, King of rhe Belgians,
1909-33
appeal tor
unt tv
in resistance,
471
ascends the throne,
1909, 438
Hcvciis, conversation with,
442
torcign tour proposed,
444
С
ìiilet,
conversation with,
441
George V, appeal to,
467, 486
German ultimatum,
457
German warning communicated to France,
442
(.«reut
Britain, appeal for aid to,
503
tt
loffrc's fear as to attitude of,
440
Kiüber,
audience with,
443
mobilization decreed,
451
Mottke, statement to, at Potsdam,
443
neutrality of Belgium,
89
Powers, appeal to,
471
tt
Selliers, Lieut.-Gen.,
difference of opinion,
459
speech by, at Crown Council,
459-61, 464
visit to Berlin,
1913, 441
visi
f
to Paris,
442
Wilhelm
II, belief in assurances to,
452;
communications between,
451, 458, 469,
471-2;
German attitude to Belgium,
456
Wilhelm,
Crown Prince, conversation with,
442
tt
Albert, Duke of
Wurtemberg,
conversation with
l
'rancis Ferdinand,
353—4
Alberti,
Adriano,
Italian General,
304, 306, 309-
10
Albertini,
Senator
Luigi,
36 *, 357
Fischer, letter to,
11
Gtesl, Baron, conversation with,
647
Wilhelm
II, letter from,
12-13
Albricci, Count, Italian General, Military
Attaché
at Vienna,
304
Alexander III, Tsar of Russia,
1881-94, 582
Alexander, Prince, Serbian Regent,
264, 656
Alexander Cuza, Prince
(1859) 548
Alexandropulos, Greek Minister at Belgrade,
Pašić,
conversation with,
630
Alfonso
XIII,
King of Spain
France, sympathies with,
692
Geoffray, conversation with,
692-3
neutrality of Spain,
693
Algeciras Conference,
357
Algeciras crisis,
420
AUenstein Command,
33
Alliances:
Dual (Franco-Russian). See FRANCE,
Russia and
Triple:
Art. I,
255, 355
Art.
Ill,
321
Art.
VII,
255-8, 261, 263, 266, 272,
276-81, 285-7, 290-5, 298-300, 319,
321, 332, 336-7, 355, 661
Mancini
Declaration,
1882, 343-4
Military Conventions of,
303-10
military problems of,
551
renewals, etc.,
343-4
sAustria-Uungary and:
255, 266, 274, 276, 280-
1, 286-7, 290-3, 321,332, 355
Bulgaria and;
554, 583,
oil
Germany and:
34, 46, 279-80, 286, 290
Great Britain and:
34-3-5
Itah and:
17, 89, 198, 255-8, 261, 263, 267,
275-86, 290-1, 293-5, 298-306, 310, 312,
319, 321, 332, 337-8, 343-5, 354, 661
Штата
and:
47, 546, 550-5, 571
tt,
587, 594-
5 . .
Turkey and:
609-13
Alsace-Lorraine,
81
n,
241, 539-42
Alsace, Upper,
238
Altmiinsterol,
207, 212, 217
АтЬгогу,
Count
Ludwig,
First Counsellor of
Austro-Hungarian Embassy at Rome
(sometimes
Chargé d'Affaires),
260, 269,
273-4, 276, 354-5
л,
555 .
Afflery,
L. S.,
British M.P.,
397
Andrée, General,
French Minister for War,
1900-05,418
731
732
THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
1914
Anglo-Japanese Alliance,
1911, 693, 696
Antwerp,
239, 422, 426, 445, 459, 461, 507,
511,676-7
Appuhn, Charles, French historian,
152-4,
156-7
Armées (Les) françaises
dam la Grande
Guerre,
161
η
Armenia,
607, 610
Arracourt,
206
Asia Minor:
Italy and,
275
persecution of Greeks in,
627
Asquith, Rt. Hon.
Η. Η.,
British Prime
Minister,
1908-16, 150
n,
368-9, 378,
387, 397, 399. 400, 403-4, 406, 409,
483,485,490,494,498,504,511
Belgium and its neutrality,
387
Cabinet meetings,
403
Cambon, Paul, mobilization of Expedi¬
tionary Force,
508-9
Conservative consultations,
396, 398
duties as Secretary of State for War,
482
Expeditionary Force,
502-4, 508-11
George V, appeal to the Tsar,
378;
inter¬
vention by,
128
letters to,
371-2, 410,
483-4, 514
German reply awaited,
498-9
German ultimatum to Belgium,
481
German ultimatum to Russia,
125
intervention, British attitude, statement
of,
400-1;
influence of Asquith,
514
Lansdowne, conversation with,
481
Law,
Bonar,
conversation with,
481 ;
letter
from,
396-9
Lichnowsky, conversation with,
399- 401,
477
mobilization, account of,
150
n; of British
Fleet,
39Ś-6
personality of,
514
policy of,
366, 400-1,481
speech by, House of Commons,
497-8,
512-17
ultimatum to Germany,
494
Asquith,
Margot,
wife of the British Prime
Minister,
377, 498-9
Aubert, Admiral, French Naval Chief of
Staff,
429
Auerbach, J.
F.,
French historian,
162
Augagneur, French Minister of Marine,
102
Aulard, Professor
Α.,
162, 214-6
Austria-Hungary:
Alliance, Triple. See ALLIANCE, TRIPLE
Austria, Italy and England, Agreement
1887,344
Austrian Red Book,
145,160, 309, 577
documents published,
161
Libyan War, attitude during,
280
Magyar ruling class,
548-9
mobilization,
46, 70;
date of,
106, 113,
115, 116, 121-4, 143, 145, 147, 150,
157-9, 292;
Galicia,
96, 147;
Moltke's
request for,
23, 26;
ordered,
144,
530;
pace of,
11;
priority of, Chapt.
Ill
Austria-Hungary
—
continued
mobilization
—
continued
112-65, 125-8, 133, 138-41, 144,
158-9;
proclamation of,
138;
Russian mobilization, relation to,
5,
112-3, 126, 132, 143, 158, 164,231;
Serbia, mobilization against,
6, 230;
Viviani's account of mobilization,
147
naval movements in Adriatic,
541
navy, strength and value of,
536
Slav question,
548
Triple Entente, war with, Chapt XI,
526-45
war, declaration of, considerations on,
47-8
war guilt, mobilization and,
144;
ulti¬
matum to Serbia,
142
war, localization of,
49
war, responsibility for,
156
Yugoslav problem,
284
Balkans and: Austrian aims in,
334-5
balance of power in,
280
Balkan policy of,
17
See also BALKANS: Austria-Hungary
and
Belgium and: war declared on,
544
Bulgaria and: agreements existing between,
547
alliance, Austro-Bulgarian, negotia¬
tions,
582-3, 585, 589-94
Austrian ultimatum to Serbia, com¬
municated to,
588
Bulgaria should range with,
546
Bulgaria and Romania, support dis¬
cussed,
593-4
neutrality of Bulgaria,
560, 587-8, 595
Triple Alliance, accession to,
554
France and: Austrian
démarches,
Paris and
St. Petersburg,
96
declares war on Austria,
537-8, 542-5
diplomatic relations broken off,
539-42
Germany and: Austro-Serbian conflict;
German advice to Austria,
14,
20, 45-6;
to strike at Russia,
47,
49, 85, 526, 529-32
free hand given to Austria,
166-7
General Staff, misunderstanding be¬
tween,
49
German hope that Grey's proposals
will be accepted,
22
German ultimatum to Russia, notified,
527
German-Turkish secret alliance joined
by Austria,
614
Halt in Belgrade, proposals and reac¬
tions,
1,2,4,5,9, 10, 16,232-6
Italy, concessions to,
289-92, 302
Kriegsgefahrzustand
notified,
526-8
mediation proposals,
17, 30, 51
military decisions, information on,
23
mobilization, counter-measures to
Russian,
12, 48;
Moltke requests
mobilization,
8, 26
moderating effect on Austria, suggested
by Russia,
55
INDEX
733
Austria-Hungary
—
continued
Germany and
—
continued
peace, German pressure for,
22
policy in the Austro-Serbian conflict,
35, 188,219-20,257
Russia, imminence of German action
against,
527
support to Austria,
1, 4, 13, 18, 167;
Austrian support to Germany,
46-7,
528
war, Austria requested to declare
against France, Russia, and England
537-8
Great Britain and: Austro-Serbian con¬
flict: British desire not to be in¬
volved,
189, 220, 268, 485;
Grey's
pacific suggestions,
69
declaration of war by Austria and
Great Britain,
534-8, 542-5
generał
relations,
534-5
mediation, opportunity for,
267
Greece and: would not side with Austria,
636
Italy and: agreement or understanding
between, urged,
15, 257, 283;
ex¬
change of views with Germany,
285-6
attitude, Italian friendly attitude,
255,
258-64, 273, 301, 333, 340-1, 346
Austrian policy towards Serbia,
262
Austrian procedure a war of aggres¬
sion,
299-300
Berchtold's appeal and statement of
policy,
335
casus foederis,
does not arise,
259,
341,354
compensations to Italy,
258-9, 271-
280,283-4, 287, 289-95, 300-1, 303,
320, 332, 346
conquest of Serbia, importance of,
346
co-operation of Italy,
303
general relations,
276
Italian policy in Serbian conflict,
256
Merey on possible threats against
Austria,
335
military help offered to Austria,
305-6,
308
neutrality of Italy,
314-21, 332-3, 336
obligations of Italy towards Austria,
25 5, 260,309-10
policy towards Austrian demands,
277
secretiveness of Austria,
11, 257, 273,
275, 354-5
η
Triple Alliance, Italy regarded as re¬
leased from,
299, 332
war,
Austro-Itali
an war predicted,
331-2
Japan and: general relations,
698
η
Montenegro and: attack on Austria, no
intention of,
328, 658
attitude to Austria,
293, 333
Austrian fears of,
538
Berchtold's final appeal to,
658-61
Cattaro, expulsion from,
655
concessions to,
654
Austria-Hungary
—
continued
Montenegro and
—
continued
decision, anxiety for,
653-5
hesitation in support of Serbia,
657
independence, guarantees asked for,
657
loan to Montenegro, Austrian assist¬
ance,
652, 655
neutrality to be observed,
656
Nicholas, King, feelers for an agree¬
ment with,
646-50
Romania and: appreciation of Romania's
decision,
578
assurances to Romania,
560-4
Carol, King, on Austrian collapse,
553
detachment from Austria,
550
Halt in Belgrade proposal,
562
neutrality
(1914)
of,
551, 575, 596
pressure upon Romania,
568
relations arising from Balkan Wars,
1912-13,549
Romania attacks,
1916, 547
'Romanian question',
548
Russia and: no agreement between,
14,
97;
alleged impending agreement,
112
attitude, Russian to,
39, 220
direct conversations,
24 «, 53, 55, 58,
60, 63, 96, 98-9, 167, 221, 227, 297,
390, 526-7
formula proposed by Russia,
57, 527
mobilization,
2, 5, 9
и,
12, 22, 24, 49,
60, 113-14,527
See also RUSSIA, mobilization
pacific settlement, Russian wish for,
59
Russia the main enemy,
44, 46, 86
war, Austrian participation in,
39;
declaration of,
48, 526, 531-4
Serbia and: Anglo-German proposal,
20
Austria must not attack without agree¬
ment with allies,
3 53
Austrian demands,
14, 167, 262
Austria, desire for a peaceful settlement,
93
campaigns,
1914-15,591
Conference of Powers, suggested,
269-
71
Conference, London, favored,
58, 341
conversations,
Triplice
Powers,
276
Halt in Belgrade, II,
16, 27-8, 39, 53,
191,222,559
localization of the war,
19, 188-9, 220,
226
mediation,
18-24, 267
mobilization against Serbia,
6, 31, 46,
106
occupation of Serbia,
14, 167
policy towards Serbia,
93, 126, 353
Serbo-
Montenegrin union, opposition
to,
648-9
Serbian reply to Austria,
16
territorial
désintéressement
and sover¬
eignty, Austrian assurances,
14,
93, 95, 100-1, 167, 257, 287, 289,
328-30
734
THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
1914
Austria-Hungary
—
continued
Serbia and
—
continued
ultimatum to Serbia,
18-19, 142, 148,
164, 226, 257, 265, 268, 273, 275,
354-5,
η
665
war, decision for,
46
war, declaration of,
60, 126, 164, 226,
296-8
Turkey and: negotiations with,
617-18
Vatican and: favorable to Austria,
360-1,
617-8
Avarna
di Gualtieri, Duca
Giuseppe,
Italian Ambassador in Vienna,
1904-
1915,263,283,534
Berchtold, conversation with,
262, 286,
293,321-3,354и
Bunsen,
conversation with,
262
compensation to Italy,
282, 292-5
disavowal of his Government,
322-3
Fiuggi conversations,
256
instructions as to line of approach,
259-
260
Italian benevolent attitude,
258-64, 274,
281,285
Macchio,
conversation with,
258, 272,
286,323
Merey, conversation with,
323
neutrality,
322-3,358
relations, Austro-Italian,
280
resignation offered,
323
San Giuliano,
Avarna declaration,
263
support to Central Powers,
321
Tschirschky, conversation with,
281-2,
293, 323, 358
Avvenire d'Italia,
361
BACH, AUGUST, German historian,
8, 79
n,
87,97
n,
128-30
Bagdad Railway agreement,
248, 606
Bainville, Jacques, French journalist,
161
и
Balance of Power,
372, 375, 421
Belgium, a neutral state,
413
in Balkans,
126, 255, 280, 636
Triple Alliance and,
307
vital interest to Italy,
320
Balfour, Mr. A. J. (since
1922, 1st
Earl of),
Prime Minister,
1902-5;
Secretary of
State for Foreign Affairs,
1916-19, 397.
482
Expeditionary Force,
481, 510
intervention, attitude towards,
398-9
Unionist assurances of support,
404
Balkans:
balance of power in,
126,255, 280, 636
Balkan bloc suggested,
640, 643
Triple Alliance. See ALLIANCE, TRIPLE
Austria Hungary and,
281-2
advance into,
278, 322
balance of power in,
280
intentions in,
322, 328-9, 334-5, 339
interests in,
248
occupation of,
266
policy in,
17
Balkans
—
continued
Italy and: interests in,
15
occupation of,
266
policy in,
255, 257
Russia and: interests in,
242, 554, 644-5
Balkans, Balkan Alliance,
583
Balkans, Balkan League
Montenegro and,
653
Russian efforts for,
554
Venizelos,
641
Balkans, Balkan Wars,
107, 228, 549, 605,
608
Ballin, Albert, General Director of Ham¬
burg-America Steamship Company,
201,
478
Baltazzi, G., Greek Foreign Minister,
1908-
1909,628
Bapst, Edinond, French Minister at Copen¬
hagen,
1914,
to Paris,
674
Barclay, Sir George Head, British Minister
at Bucharest,
1912-20
Romanian attitude and neutrality,
568,
571
Barnardiston, Lieut.-Col.
N.
W., British
Military
Attaché
at Brussels and The
Hague,
1902-6
Barnardiston-Ducarne military conversa¬
tions,
416-20, 422, 427, 474
Barnes, Harry Elmer,
493
Germany and British neutrality,
514-15
Italian proposal for a conference,
266
Jagow, conversation with,
515
Schoen,
letter to,
214
и
Baron, French village,
205
Barreré,
Camille,
French Ambassador in
Rome,
1897-1924, 162, 315
dispatches to Paris,
263
n,
340-1
Italian uncertain attitude,
341
Martini, conversation with,
340
personality of,
339-40
Prinetti-Barrère
agreement,
1902, 342
Salandra, conversation with,
340, 343
San Giuliano,
conversation with,
88-9,
263
n,
269
Barres,
Maurice,
150, 225
Basch, Victor, Vice-President of
Ligue des
droits de l'homme,
144
Szécsen
episode,
94
Bassewitz, Count
К.
von,
German
Chargé
d'Affaires
at Athens,
636
Streit,
conversation with,
631
Bassompierre, Albert
de,
Secretary to the
Belgian Minister for Foreign Affairs,
444,455. 457
Below-Saleske, conversation with,
450
Klobukowski, conversation with,
449
Baumann,
French General, Turkish police,
reorganization,
605
Bax-Ironside, Sir H. G. O., British Minister
at Sofia,
1911-15, 585, 669
Beau, Jean Baptiste
Paul, French Ambas¬
sador at Berne,
1911-18, 539, 688
Beaucaire, Count
H. de,
French Minister at
Copenhagen,
1907-13,662
INDEX
735
Beauchamp, William Lygon, 7th Earl of,
Lord President of the Council,
1914, 366,
370.405,483
Beaverbrook, Lord, British politician,
397
Beldiman, Alexander, Romanian Minister
at Berlin,
1896-1916,569
Carol, King, conversation with,
5 5 6
Jagow, conversation with,
262, 562
Romanian attitude,
563
Belfort,
206
Belgium:
array, condition of,
438, 438
n,
439;
function of,
447
Austro
Serbian crisis, failure to
regard seriousness of,
444
Belgian Grey Book, First,
425, 431, 441,
445. 448-51, 453. 465-7. 470-3,
493, 494
n,
544
Second,
444
buffer state and neutral,
1831, 413
Cabinet meeting and Crown Council,
458
Catholic Party of Belgium,
440
co-operation with Allied armies,
461
defense of,
438-9, 457
Government decides on resistance,
455-63, 471,
determination to
fulfill obligations,
450,
failure to
realize danger,
452,
optimism,
443-
8
Guarantor Powers, attitude and appeal
to,
462, 464, 467-8, 471, 493
η
historical summary,
412-15
London Conference,
1831,413-14
military plans and defense,
422-4, 444-
5, 459-60,
military movements in,
507
mobilization decreed,
451
neutrality of,
54, 89, 195, 239-40, 386-
392,
Chapt IX,
412-75,
attitude
towards British and French
forces,
435-6,
defense of
neutrality,
410, 411, 432, 446-7,
465, 467, 492;
guarantee, value of,
435;
invasion and problem of
preventive entry,
431, 443, 474
Schlieffen plan,
416-20
'scrap of paper',
414
Treaty of
1839, 401, 412-16, 426-7,
444, 457,465, 486
ultimatum presented,
456, 463-9,
and
reply to,
463-9
Austria Hungary and war declared on
Belgium,
544
France and: appeal to France and
military aid from France,
455-63,
467, 469-475
neutrality of Belgium, French assur¬
ances of respect and attitude to¬
wards violation of,
54, 88-91, 182,
213, 237, 419, 425-34, 436, 438, 447;
Klobukowski's statement,
449
relations with, after
1870, 416-20
Germany and: general relations with,
416-
24, 426-7, 436-7, 440, 442, 443, 448,
452,457,469-75
Belgium
—
continued
Germany and
—
continued
integrity of Belgium will be respected,
197, 202,
compensations given,
454-5
invasion of Belgium to attack France,
44, 195, 197-8, 199, 201, 212, 223-
224, 226, 232, 241, 244, 246, 249,
410, 416 », 425, 428, 431, 433-4,
438, 455, 470, 474-5, 494. 508, 530
Kriegsgefahrzutstand proclaimed,
447
neutrality of Belgium; German cal¬
culation that France would invade,
433;
German military operations
threaten,
227;
German plans involve
violation of,
238, 242;
German re
ports of French incidents,
463-4;
German respect for neutrality,
425,
443, 448-9, 451;
King Albert's letter
to the German Emperor,
451;
ques¬
tion to Germany concerning respect
of neutrality,
54 182, 367, 450;
violation of neutrality, a mistake,
472
ultimatum to Belgium,
186, 197-204,
411,
Chapt IX,
412-75, 481, 488
war, declaration of,
244-5;
Wilhelm
II
and Moltke's warning of impending,
440-3
Great Britain and: appeal for British diplo¬
matic intervention,
467, 469-75
armed support to, question of,
1885-7,
415
Belgian question and British
intervention,
517-23
British neutrality, Grey's proposal,
386
Expeditionary Force, plans for,
1906,
416-20,
43І
general relations,
414-15, 416, 420-4,
437
guarantee to Belgium,
673
neutrality and integrity of Belgium,
influence on British attitude,
195,
370-1, 374, 409-11, 434-7, 482-
483;
Bridges episode,
430-4;
British
troops could not enter without
Belgian consent,
420-1, 431;
British
intervention if neutrality is violated,
238-9, 252
n,
423, 475;
British policy
towards neutrality,
387, 432, 437;
British request to France and Ger¬
many to respect neutrality,
65, 182,
374, 486;
danger of violation from
Great Britain,
427, 432, 436,
ex¬
pectation that Belgium will defend,
448;
neutrality safeguarded
1870,
1887, 412-16,
Treaty of
1839, 514-
15
Holland and: defense should be a joint
interest,
677;
inquiry as to Belgian
military measures,
445
understanding with,
677
Russia and: Russia appealed to,
471
Belgrade, Austrian aims,
330
bombardment of,
58, 99
n,
126-8
736
THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
1914
Belloc, Hilaire, English writer,
433
Below-Saleske, Klaus
von,
German Minis¬
ter at Brussels,
1913
Bassompierre, conversation with,
450
behavior of,
448-55
Davignon, conversation with,
456, 471
dispatches to Berlin,
465, 475
Eist,
van
der,
conversation with,
448,
463-4
passports given,
471
to Davignon,
470
ultimatum to Belgium,
202, 204, 453, 476
Benckendorff, Alexander, Count, Russian
Ambassador at London,
1903-17, 21, 127,
133, 163, 182
Benedetti
Treaty
1866, 414-15
Berchtold, Leopold, Count
von, Austro-
Hungarian Ambassador at St. Peters¬
burg,
1906-11;
Minister for Foreign
Affairs,
1912-15,5,22,31
Alsace-Lorraine, denial of movement of
troops,
540
Anglo-German proposal,
20
Art.
VII,
interpretation of,
272, 336-7
Austrian general mobilization,
121, 125,
138
Austro-Russian agreement indicated,
99
Austro-Russian direct conversations,
53,
390-1
Avarna, conversation with,
262, 286, 293,
321-3, 354
и
Avarna
's
declaration of benevolent atti¬
tude,
263
Balkan questions, memorandum by,
550-
551
Bulgaria, Alliance with,
592-3, 596;
co¬
operation, limitation of,
593-7;
neutrality of,
589, 632;
relations with,
587;
support of,
594
Cattare,
expulsions from,
655
Conrad, conversation with,
530, 593, 669
Conrad, dispatches to,
304, 536-7, 550-
551,648,650
Czernin, to,
560, 578
démarche
at Belgrade,
354
η
Dumaine,
conversation with,
527, 533,
539
Francis Joseph, German ultimatum to
Russia,
29;
Italy, co-operation with,
303
George V, telegram from,
27-8
German action against Russia,
527;
Ger¬
man and Austrian mobilization,
22;
Kriegsgefahrzustand, 526;
request for
immediate action,
529-31
Great Britain, rupture with,
534-9
Greece, alliance with not desired,
625;
Greece and Triple Alliance,
625
Hadik,
to,
665
Halt in Belgrade,
1,5,9
Italy, appeal and statement of policy,
335-6;
benevolent attitude,
258-64
Joint Ministers' meeting
31
July,
292-3
Magrini, conversation with,
529
Berchtold, Leopold, Count
von—
continued
Mensdorff, to,
390
Merey, communications between. See
MEREY
Montenegro, final appeal to,
658-61;
innocent of Sarajevo outrage,
652;
neutrality of,
650-1;
telegrams to in¬
fluence decisions,
653-5
Müller,
to,
698
η
Nicholas, King, policy towards,
650
Otto, to,
652-3, 65 5, 658-9
Pallavicini, to,
609
personality of,
596
policy of,
188
Romania and the Triple Alliance,
550-
55 5;
assurances to,
560;
neutrality of,
589;
support of,
594
Russia, mobilization, time of,
30
San Giuliano
on
Trentino
as compen¬
sation,
331-7
Schlieffen plan,
533
Serbia, Austrian demands on,
14;
action
against,
631;
occupation of,
36;
ulti¬
matum to,
59
Serbo-Montenegrin Union,
651
Shebeko, conversation with,
134-5, 527,
533, 535;
negotiations between,
93
Szápáry,
communications to,
14
n,
665
n,
668
Szécsen
incident,
92-3;
communications
between,
94, 96, 119, 329
Szögény,
communications between,
14
и,
257, 272, 279-81, 284-6, 290-1, 293,
299, 302, 328, 332-5, 336
η,
342, 527,
537-8, 554, 564
Tarnowski,
instructions to,
594;
to
Tarnowski,
595, 616
territorial aims on Serbia,
14;
territorial
désintéressement,
329-30, 334-5
Triple Alliance, interpretation of,
352-3
Tschirschky, conversation with,
1, 29,
272, 279-83, 286-7, 530-1, 538;
to
Tschirschky,
288
Turkish rapprochement with Central
Powers,
610
war, declaration of,
531, 536, 542;
hopes
of avoiding,
529
Beresford, Lord Charles,
397
Bergen, Counsellor at German Ministry for
Foreign Affairs,
332
Berlin, Congress of,
582, 674
Berlin, Treaty of,
1878, 548
Berliner
Lokal-Anzeiger, 9, 161
η
Berliner
Monatshefte, 75
Berliner
Tageblatt, 497
Bernabé,
L. Polo de,
Spanish Ambassador
at Berlin,
1914
Jagow, conversation with,
13
Bernhardi,
Friedrich
von,
German General,
663«
Berthelot,
Philippe Joseph Louis, Director
at the French Ministry of Foreign
Affairs,
73, 89,145, 162
Berchtold telegram circulated,
95
minute by, mobilization,
121
и
INDEX
737
Berthelot, Philippe—
continued
mobilization, priority of,
139
Paléologue's
diary,
145
Poincaré,
communications between,
95-
96,145
Szécsen,
conversation with,
92-4, 97, 115
Vesnić,
conversation with,
94
Bertie, Sir
F., 1st
Viscount, British
Ambassador at Paris,
1905-18
French attitude on Belgium,
88-91
French
résolution,
neutrality of Belgium,
89
Grey, communications between,
54, 68,
88, 90
n,
116-17, 123, 206, 208, 375
n,
384-5
Margerie, conversation with,
118-19,
123
naval aid by Great Britain advocated,
375
η
Poincaré,
conversation with,
116-18, 123,
139-40,163
Urrutia, conversation with,
69
Vivianl, communication to,
69
conversation with,
88
Bessarabia,
548-9
German promise of Bessarabia to Rou-
mania,
564-8
Romania and,
578
Bethmann
Hollweg, von,
Legation Secre¬
tary at German Embassy at Vienna
Stumm,
conversation with,
29
Bethmann Hollweg,
Τ
von,
German
Minister for the Interior,
1907-9;
Imperial Chancellor,
1909-17, 187, 192,
496
Austrian declaration of war,
531,
mobili¬
zation, date of,
147;
policy towards
Austria,
5, 28;
ultimatum to Serbia,
19;
Austro-Serbian conflict, weakening
attitude,
2
Buch,
to,
682
Bulgaria, alliance,
609;
support of,
594;
draft Treaty accepted,
590
Biilow, conversation with,
31
collapse of Bethmann Hollweg,
14-18,
24,235,251
Falkenhayn, Moltke, conference,
34;
Falkenhayn, Tirpitz meeting,
6;
Fal¬
kenhayn, pressure upon,
249
Flotow, to,
310-11,449
France and Belgian neutrality,
213; de
claration of war on,
193, 197, 212;
ultimatum to France,
44, 73
Frontier incidents,
208, 210
George V's telegram, reaction to,
27
German policy, director of,
3
German Turkish secret alliance,
614
Goschen,
conversation with,
31-2, 242
n,
496;
request for neutrality,
515;
com
munications to,
208, 211
Great Britain, attempt to secure a fav¬
ourable view,
50;
British attitude,
267;
neutrality,
172, 174, 488;
ultimatum to
Great Britain,
496;
renewed approach
to London,
50-55
Bethmann Hollweg, T.
von—
-continued
Halt in Belgrade,
2, 9, 10, 16, 28, 30, 53,
234
Holland, neutrality of,
680
Instruction no.
200, 24-5, 27-8
Jagow, to,
290
Kriegsgefahrzustand, 17-18, 3 8-40
Lerchenfeld,
conversation with,
17, 302
Lichnowsky, communications between,
5, 50-1, 117, 125, 129,203, 207,233,
381,478,480
Luxemburg, occupation of,
203
military party, attempts at restraint of,
24 «
minute by, Austrian decision on terms,
20-1 ;
Austrian ultimatum to Serbia,
19
mobilization,
10, 11,41, 64, 179, 373, 378
Moltke, conversation with,
6, 7, 14, 173,
195-6;
pressure on and surrender to
Moltke,
2, 13 24, 27, 31, 50, 242-5,
248-9
personality of,
5, 224-5
Pourtalès,
communications and dis¬
patches,
2-4, 6, 8-9, 12, 29-30, 33-4,
40, 42-3, 55, 103, 166, 181, 234;
instructions to,
103, 168, 220-1, 502
Reichenau, to,
666-7
Romania, support asked for,
567
Russian mobilization,
1, 7, 29-30, 39, 233;
ultimatum to,
28-9, 32, 35
Russia, declaration of war on,
169
n,
201,
244
Schoen,
to,
38, 108,203
Serbia, attack on, would mean war
353
situation out of hand,
232
'scrap of paper' interview,
496-7
speeches by,
42, 166-71, 211, 219-25, 495
Sweden, neutrality of,
669
Szögyény,
conversation with,
353, 538
Tirpitz, scenes between,
186-93, 249
Tschirschky, communications to,
1, 4,
19-21, 23, 27, 36, 39, 46-7, 53, 55, 234,
282-3,301-2, 526,529
ultimatum and warnings,
30, 42
Waldburg,
to,
554
Wangenheim,
conversation with,
189
war, atrocities,
474;
policy towards war,
37-8
Wilhelm
II and,
1-6, 7, 12, 20, 177, 180,
636
Beyens, Baron Napoleon Eugene Louis,
Belgian Minister at Berlin,
1914.
Albert
1,
conversation with,
442
asks for passports,
473
assurances of neutrality,
450
Cambon, Jules, conversation with,
442
Gerard, conversation with,
701
Germany, Belgium, invasion of,
443;
resistance not expected,
470
Jagow, conversation with,
440-1, 472-3
war atrocities,
474
Wilhelm
II, statements to Albert I,
441
Biancheri, Chiappori
Augusto,
Secretary to
the Italian Ministry for Foreign
Affairs,
1910-14
Merey, conversation with,
273
738
THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
1914
Bienerth, K., Baron
von,
Austrian Military
Attache at Berlin,
1910-14
Moltke, conversation with,
9
n,
23, 26, 47
Wilhelm
II, conversation with,
47, 546-7
Bienvenu-Martin, J.
В.,
French Minister of
Justice,
1913-14;
acting Minister for
Foreign Affairs, July
1914, 87
Bilinski,
Leon von,
Austrian Finance Min¬
ister,
1912-15
Italy, compensations to,
292
Bismarck,
Büsso von,
German Military
Attache at Berne
(1913) 689
Bismarck, Otto, Prince, German Imperial
Chancellor,
1871-90, 192, 236, 345, 347,
350,674
attack on France through Belgium,
416
я
Belgian neutrality,
416, 486
Belgian self-defense,
423
Belgium and France,
414
Benedetti
proposals,
415
Currie, conversation with,
415
Black Hand. See SERBIA
Black Sea,
619
Bloch,
Camille,
French historian,
162
Blondei,
Jean Camille,
French Minister at
Bucharest,
1907-16, 558
attitude of King Carol,
570
Bratianu, conversation with,
570
neutrality advice to Romania,
570-1
Romanian decision,
576, 577
Blue Book, British. See GREAT BRITAIN, Blue
Book
Blum,
Léon,
French Deputy
France and Russia,
83
mobilization, priority of,
148
Poincaré,
indictment of,
149
speech by,
148-9
war guilt of the Central Powers,
148
Bogičević,
Milos,
Serbian
Chargé d'Affaires
at Berlin,
1906-14, 649
Boisdeffre,
Le Mouton de,
General, French
Military Chief of the Staff,
1893-8
Obruchev, negotiations between,
106
Russian mobilization,
82
Bojana,
653
Bollati, Riccardo,
Italian Ambassador at
Berlin,
1913-5,258,296-7
Jagow, conversation with,
278
neutrality, declaration of,
324;
hostility
to,
358
Russian attitude to Austro-Serbian con¬
flict,
269
San Giuliano,
communications between,
254, 257, 259-60, 279, 283, 285, 300,
321-5. 349
Victor Emmanuel's letter,
325
Szögyény,
conversation with,
299
Bompard, Maurice, French Ambassador at
Constantinople,
1909-14, 162
Boncour, Paul,
86
Bonham Carter, Sir Maurice, Private Sec¬
retary to Asquith,
1910-16, 378
Bonin, O.,
French diplomat,
162
Bosdari,
Conte Alessandro,
Italian Minister
at Athens,
1913-18, 632, 639-40
Bosnia-Herzegovina,
674
annexation of,
548
Serbia and,
640
Bosporus mined,
618
Boulogne,
507
Bourgeois,
Emile,
French historian,
146,
158,161
n,
162
Bracke,
A. M, French Deputy,
149
Bratianu, Joan, Romanian Prime Minister
and Minister for War,
1914-18, 262,
553,555-8,570,574,578
advice to Belgrade,
559-60
Blondei,
conversation with,
570
Czernin, conversation with,
553,557
Fasciotti, conversation with,
581
и
final maneuver,
564-8
Poklevski, conversation with,
569-70
shifts and evasions of,
560-4
Waldthausen, conversation with,
567
Bredt, Johann
Victor,
412, 421, 423, 433-
434,456
Breslau, 536-7, 620
Brest Litowsk Peace,
1917, 248
Briand,
Α.,
French Foreign Minister,
1927,
162
Bridges, Lieut.-Col. G.
Т. М.,
British Mili¬
tary Attache at Brussels,
1911-14, 437
Belgian action in case of invasion,
425
Belgian neutrality,
424, 430-4
Jungbluth, conversation with,
451, 437,
474
Michel, conversation with,
432
military efforts,
439
British Documents,
135-7, 161, 163
British Expeditionary Force. See GREAT
Britain
Brockdorff-Rantzau, Count
Ulrich von,
German Minister at Copenhagen,
1912-
1918,674-5
Broqueville, Charles
de,
Belgian Prime
Minister and Minister for War,
1912-17
437-444,447,457,462,471
Selliers,
conversation with,
460
η
speech by,
435, 439, 458
Brugère,
Raymond, Counsellor at French
Embassy at Brussels
Letter to
Paléologue,
419
Brugère,
General Henri J., French Com¬
mander in Chief
German plan to cross Belgium,
419
invasion of Belgium, plan against,
418-
419
Plan XV,
427
Brun,
General Jean J., Chief of the French
General Staff
(1906),
Pendezec variant
and
Vengeur
revelations,
419
Brusati,
Ugo,
Italian General, Adjutant to
King Victor Emmanuel III,
307
Brussels, International Socialist Bureau
meeting,
86
Bryan, William Jennings, U.S.A., Secretary
of State,
1913-15
Gerard, to,
696
Guthrie, to,
696
Page, to,
699, 700
INDEX
739
Bryce,
James,
Viscount, British Ambas¬
sador at Washington,
1907-13, 371
Buch, K.
von,
German Minister at
Luxemburg,
204
Eyschen, conversation with,
682
Buchanan, Sir George
W
,
British Ambas¬
sador at St Petersburg,
1910-18, 131
η
communications to London,
57-8, 368,
375
n, 395;toNicolson,
128-32
George V and Nicholas II, interchange
of messages,
52, 126, 128-9, 131, 133
n.
139
mobilization, Russian, date and time,
122-3, 135-8
Nicholas II, conversation with,
65, 131,
132«
Paléologue,
conversation with,
129
Paléologue, Sazonov,
meetings with,
128-35
Sazonov, conversation with,
57-8, 128-
135, 138
Buchanan, Menel,
131
η
Bucharest, Peace of,
1812, 548
Bucharest, Treaty of,
1913, 550, 559, 567,
575-81, 626, 629-30, 632, 636
Bug, river,
238
Buisson,
Ferdinand, President of the
Ligue
des Droits de l'Homme,
151-3,159
Bulgaria:
attack on Greece and Serbia,
1913,
560-1,626
attitude of,
15-17, 536
Balkan Alliance, joined by,
583
Balkan war, victories in,
549
Central Powers, co-operation with,
591;
joins,
547, 604;
possibility of
an alliance,
583
neutrality of,
560, 566, 587-9, 595, 597,
631 2
surrender of,
550
Treaty of Bucharest,
583
Triple Alliance and Triple Entente,
554,
Chapt.
XIII, 582-604, 609, 611,
638-9
war of
1912, 582
Austria-Hungary and. See
AUSTRI
A-
HUNGARY
Germany and:
loan arranged,
584, 588
military obligations of Bulgaria,
590
Greece and:
compensation to Bulgaria,
603
preparation for attacks on,
632
warning to Bulgaria,
636
Macedonia and. See MACEDONIA, Bulgaria
and
Romania and:
aggression against Romania,
561
Bulgarian attack on Serbs and Greeks,
1913, 560-1, 582, 596, 601, 626
Bulgarian territorial aggrandizement,
559-60
co-operation,
592, 613
frontier, Treaty of Bucharest,
5 85
general relations,
549, 566
Bulgaria
—
continued
Romania and
—
continued
Romanian and Bulgarian intervention
in Serbia,
575-81
Russia and:
appeal for Bulgaria to stand by Serbia,
588-9
Bulgarian policy toward,
598
compensation to Bulgaria,
599-604
Ferdinand,
coup de
main against,
584
general relations,
596-7, 618-19
Greece refuses temtorial concessions,
640
military agreement,
1902, 1909, 582
neutrality of,
598-9, 602-3
Russian threats and pressure,
597-600
understanding with Russia,
597
Serbia and:
action against Serbia,
602
attack on,
582, 610, 632
Big Bulgaria,
557
promises rejected,
600-4
Serbo-Bulgarian Treaty,
1912, 600
understanding between,
598
war, Bulgaria agrees to war with,
590-
591
Turkey and:
alliance with,
592, 607-10, 612, 637
Bulgarian aspirations,
590
co-operation,
592
entente, negotiations for,
615-17
relations between,
601-3, 611
Treaty,
1914,
Text,
616-17
Turkey could offer troops,
613
Turkish sovereignty thrown off,
1908-
1909, 583
Bülow,
Prince Bernard, German Ambas¬
sador at Rome,
1893-7,
Secretary of
State for Foreign Affairs,
1897-1900;
Imperial Chancellor,
1900-09, 201, 417
Bethmann Hollweg, conversation with,
31
Falkenhayn, conveisation with,
169
Moltke, conversation with,
201
policy of German leaders,
190
White, Henry, conversation with,
169
Bülow,
Princess,
169
Bülow, Karl von,
German General,
460
η
Bunsen,
Sir Maurice
de,
British Ambas¬
sador at Madrid,
1906-13,
at Vienna,
1913-14
Austrian and Russian mobilization,
123,
Avarna, conversation with,
262
Berchtold, British declaration of war,
544;
conversation with,
529
Grey, communications between,
123, 529,
534-5
Burian,
Baron
von, Austro-Hungarian
Joint
Finance Minister,
1903-12
Art.
VII
of Triple Alliance,
292
Burns, Rt. Hon. John,
483
attitude towaids intervention,
403
Belgian question,
518
Morley, conversation with,
405
740
THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
1914
Burns, Rt. Hon. John
—
continued
pacific policy of,
366, 371
protection of French coasts,
405
resignation of,
403-9, 482-3
Cachin, M., French Deputy,
148
Cadorna, General, Count, Chief of the Italian
General Staff,
307, 351,689
Conrad, military discussions,
308-9
co-operation with Central Powers,
303-
310
Memorandum by,
307-8
military measures ordered,
306-7
Szeptycki, reply to,
333
Caillaux, Joseph, French Prime Minister,
1911-12
Les Responsables,
145
trial of,
145
Calderari, Count, Italian Military
Attaché
at Berlin,
306
Calmette,
Gaston,
Editor of Figaro,
87
Cambon, Jules, French Ambassador at
Berlin,
1907-14
Austro-Russian negotiations,
98
Beyens, conversation with,
442
communications to Paris,
61, 70-4, 77,
79«, 90, 113,158-61,205,442
departure from Berlin,
218-19
Gerard, conversation with,
701
Jagow, conversation with,
13, 61, 70, 114,
160
n,
211
publication of documents,
162
Sverbeev, conversation with,
71
Zimmermann,
conversation with,
13
Cambon, Paul, French Ambassador at
London,
1898-1920
angry words at Brilish altitude,
399-403
Asquith, mobilization of Expeditionary
Force,
508-9
Communications to Paris,
67, 107, 393,
394, 402, 407-8, 490, 503-4, 509
despair on afternoon of
1
Aug.,
392-6
Grey, assurances given to
Cambon,
406-7;
conversation with,
21,
182, 371-7, 392-6, 401-9. 448, 490. 502-
3, 683-4;
letters exchanged,
227-8, 365
Lloyd George, conversation with,
398,
402
Luxemburg, neutrality of,
683-4
mobilization of British army and fleet,
509
neutrality, Germany and.
477
η
Nicolson, conversation with,
394, 430-1
Paléologue,
to,
430-1
Recouly, conversation with,
404, 520
Schlieffen plan,
418
Steed,
H. W.,
conversation with.
401-2
Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry, British Prime
Minister,
1905-8, 484
Campidoglio, Salandra's
speech at,
278, 320
Cannae, battle of,
237, 245 «, 248
Caracciolo, M.,
628
Carlin, Gaston,
Swiss Minister at London,
1902-18
Nicolson, conversation with,
686-7
Carlotti
di Riparbella,
Marquis, Italian
Ambassador at St. Petersburg,
1913-
1918
Montenegro, neutrality of,
651
η
Paléologue,
conversation with,
267
Russian intervention in Austro-Serbian
conflict,
269
Russophil sympathies,
358
San Giuliano,
to,
265, 267, 301
Sazonov, conversation with,
349
Carlowitz, Saxon Minister for War,
1914.
Leuckart, communication from,
8
η
Carnegie, Sir Lancelot Douglas, British
Minister at Lisbon,
1913-28, 690
Carol I, King of Romania,
1881-1914, 283
Alliance, obligations under,
302, 303
n,
565,570
Austrian ultimatum to Serbia,
555-6
Beldiman, conversation with,
556
Belgian neutrality,
425-6
Big Bulgaria unacceptable,
559
Bulgaria and the Triple Alliance,
554
Central Powers, support to,
574
Czernin, conversation with,
553, 555-6,
559,561-2,565,576
death of,
580
European war foreseen,
557
Francis Joseph, communications between,
561,564,568
Germany, in league with,
570
Halt in Belgrade,
562, 570
Italian decision,
574, 579
neutrality,
communiqué on,
575
Nicholas II, telegram to,
569
Romanian decision,
578-9
Sazonov, conversation with,
557
Serbo-Bulgarian conflict,
550
shifts and evasions of,
560-4
speech by, to Crown Council,
572
Transylvania,
580
Triple Alliance, attitude to,
562-3
Waldburg,
audience with,
554-5, 565,
567,573
Waldthausen, conversation with,
568,
578-9
Wilhelm
II, telegram to,
546
Carp, P., Romanian Prime Minister,
1911-
1912,
speech by, Crown Council,
573-4,
579
Carson, Sir Edward, British politician,
396
Carthage incident,
337,357
Carton
de
Wiart, H., Belgian Minister for
Justice,
1911-18,462
Casement. Roger, British Consular Agent,
Belgian rule in Congo,
416
Castelnau, French Deputy,
150
Catlaro, expulsions from,
538, 655-6
Cecil, Lady Gwendolen,
415
Cecil, Lord Robert, Under-Secretary of State
for Foreign Affairs,
1914-18, 381, 385
Central Powers, and Russian mobilization,
163
INDEX
741
Central Powers—
continued
war
guilt of,
141, 148, 156
Ceulemans,
Belgian
General, 426
Chamberlain, Sir Austen, member of
Asquith's Cabinet,
398
и,
481
Expeditionary Force,
510
German Fleet, agreement on,
482
letter to Prime Minister,
399
Memorandum,
398
Charles of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen,
Prince, elected
hospodar
of Romania,
1866, 548;
crowned as King Carol,
548
Charles-Roux, F., 408
Charlety, Rector of the
Sorbonne, 162
Charpentier, Armand,
82, 418
Chelius, Oscar
Philipp von,
German General,
at St. Petersburg,
36
Chevalley, D.
Α.,
French Minister at
Christiania,
1914, 663 «,672-3
Chilton,
H. G.,
British
Chargé d'Affaires
at
The Hague,
678-9
China, status quo, maintenance of,
698
Chios, sovereignty of,
607, 609, 627
Chisholm, Hugh, Financial Editor of The
Times,
Ύ1Ί
Churchill, Rt. Hon. Winston L. S., British
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State
for Colonies,
1906-8;
President of the
Board of Trade,
1908-10;
Secretary of
State for Home Affairs,
1910-15;
First Lord of the Admiralty,
1911-15,
366, 369-71, 396, 403-4, 406, 481-2,
490, 494, 499, 504, 506, 509-10, 512,
623
announcement about the German fleet,
481
Cabinet meeting of
2
Aug.,
404
consultations with Conservatives,
396-7
defense of the French coasts,
403
Expeditionary Force,
504, 510-11
Goeben and
Breslau, 623
Grey, conversation with,
396
intervention, policy of,
366
Lord Kitchener,
512
military policy, British,
506
mobilization of British Fleet,
395-6, 509
British Cabinet, pacific policy,
369
ultimatum to Germany,
490, 494;
await¬
ing German reply,
499
Cirey,
205
Clarendon, George
W. F,
Villiers, 4th Earl
of, Minister of Foreign Affairs,
1853-8,
1865-6,1868-70
Luxemburg guarantee,
401
Cochem, railway tunnel,
207-8
Cologne,
209
Coirai,
French deputy, journalist,
149
Confédération
General
du
Travail,
225
Congo, Belgian rule in,
416
British recognition of annexation of,
422,
436-7
Conrad
von Hötzendorf,
Franz
Freiherr,
Austro-Hungarian General, Chief of
the General Staff,
1906-11, 1912-17,
7, 9, 11, 24, 26, 29, 48, 50, 241, 284,
Conrad
von Hötzendorf—
continued
308-9, 323, 330, 335, 532, 536-7, 541-
542, 547. 591-4, 604, 635, 648, 650,
661,665,669,686
Berchtold, conversation with,
530, 593-
594, 669;
dispatches to,
304, 536-7,
550-1,648,650
Bulgarian neutrality,
604
Cadorna, military discussions,
308-9
Dardanelles, passage of the,
536
Francis Joseph, audiences with,
329, 330,
635
German request for attack on Russia,
48,530-1
Italy, assistance from,
303;
compensa¬
tions to,
281-2, 284;
military obliga¬
tions under the Triple Alliance,
304;
necessity for a lesson to,
284;
punitive
policy towards,
350;
relations with
Switzerland,
686
Kageneck, conversation with,
49
Laxa,
to,
592
mobilization,
11, 26, 47, 236
Moltke, conversation with,
306;
com¬
munications between,
11, 45-50, 24],
251, 335;
Conrad-Moltke correspond¬
ence,
591;
misunderstanding between,
526-7
Montenegro, alliance with,
648;
conces¬
sions to,
654
Pollio, negotiations between,
306, 308
Raisp, conversation with,
536
Romania and the Triple Alliance,
550-5
Russia mobilization,
30
Schlieffen plan,
533
Szeptycki, conversation with,
309-10
Tschirschky, conversation with,
547,
594
war, danger of premature declaration of,
542;
declaration on Serbia,
232;
policy
toward war,
16
Wilhelm
II, conversation with,
635
Constantine
I, King of Greece,
1913-17,
624,626,631,636-40
Bosdari, conversation with,
639
Peter, King, messages to,
632
Theotokis, to,
639
Venizelos, relations between,
632
n,
635
Wilhelm
II, communications between,
546, 632, 636-8;
relations between,
634-
40
Constantza meeting,
571
η
Corriere
della Sera,
261, 269, 283, 312, 348,
363
Corriere d'Italia,
361
Cosenz,
V., Italian
General,
304
Costa,
Α.,
Portuguese
Prime
Minister,
1912,
690-1
Costinescu, E.,
Romanian Minister of
Finance,
1907-11,580
Crete,
609
Crewe, Lord, British Secretary of State for
the Colonies,
1908-10;
for India,
1910-
1916, 366,371-2, 395, 403,409-10, 481
Crokaert, J.,
444, 452-3, 457-9, 462-4
742
THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
1914
Cros,
Guy-Charles,
676
Crowe, Sir Eyre, Senior Clerk, British
Foreign Office,
1906-12;
Assistant
Under-Secretary of State for
Foreign Affairs,
1919-20
appeal to Grey,
374
Bertie, to,
128
British liability in event of violation
of Belgian neutrality,
423
financial and commercial situation,
376
frontier violations,
206
German invasion of France,
212
memorandum by,
375
minute by,
686
Teixeira Gomes,
to,
690
Trauttmansdorff, conversation with,
542
Current History,
157
η
Currie, Philip, Permanent Under-Secretary
at the British Foreign Office,
1885
Bismarck, conversation with,
415
Czegka,
Eduard,
Archivist of the War
Archives at Vienna,
659
Czernin
von und zu Chudenitz,
Count
Ottokar, Austro-Hungarian
Minister
at Bucharest,
1913-16, 552-3, 555-6,
560, 575, 578-80
Bratianu, conversation with,
5 53, 557
Carol, King, audiences with,
553, 556, 563
Tisza,
to,
565
Waldburg,
conversation with,
562
Daily Telegraph,
628
Danev, Dr. S., President of the Bulgarian
Sobranje,
1912-13;
Prime Minister and
Minister for Foreign Affairs,
1913, 582
Dardanelles,
247, 536, 618
Dato,
Ed.,
Prime Minister of Spain,
691
Daudet, Léon,
French journalist,
86
Davanzati, Roberto Forges, Italian nation¬
alist,
359
Davignon, J., Belgian Minister for Foreign
Affairs,
1914, 89, 204, 444
Austrian declaration of war,
544
Belgium will resist invasion,
424
Below-Saleske, conversation with,
456,
471
distrust of England,
448
Dutch offer of co-operation,
677-8
Flotow, to,
472
German ultimatum, and reply,
466
Guarantor Powers, appeal to,
493
η
Klobukowski, conversation with,
447,467
Klobukowski, to,
471 «
neutrality, assurances of,
451
Note to Belgian Ministers,
444, 450
personality of,
445
policy towards Holland,
446
Villiers, Sir
F.,
conversation with,
446,
448,451
Dax,
О.,
pseud, for General
de Witte, 427
Delaroche-Vernet, P. H. P. FL, French
Minister at Cetinje,
649
n,
650,655, 660
Montenegro arming,
656
Plamenac,
conversation with,
654
Delbrück, Hans,
German Professor,
474
Delcassé, Théophile,
French Minister for
Foreign Affairs,
1898-1905;
Minister of
Marine,
1911-13;
Ambassador at St.
Petersburg,
1913-14, 242, 418, 429-30
Delle,
205
Delmé-Radcliffe,
Colonel Charles, British
Military
Attaché
at Rome and at
Berne,
1906-11, 424, 685-6, 688
Pollio, conversation with,
680
Delvaux
de
Teuffe, H.,
Wilhelm
II, con¬
versation with,
425
η
Demartial, Georges, French revisionist,
75
n,
123, 140-5, 156, 163-4, 245
Demidov, C, Russian Minister at Athens,
1912-17,641-2
Dispatches to Sazonov,
641-4
Streit,
conversation with,
643-4
Venizelos, conversation with,
637, 640
Denis, Ernest, Professor of History at the
Sorbonne, 142-3
Denmark:
Germany, Danish fear of,
673-6
Great Belt and Sound, mined,
675-6
mobilization, withheld,
675
neutrality of,
671 -6
Schleswig. See Schleswig
Derby, Earl of, British Minister for Foreign
Affairs,
1874-8
Treaty of
1839,
Belgium,
401
Deutsche
Allgemeine Zeitung, 143,211
Diamandy,
C. J.,
Romanian Minister at
Sofia,
1909-11;
at Rome,
1911-13;
at
St. Petersburg,
1913-17, 549, 556, 568,
580
Diario
Universal,
691
Dimitriev,
Radko,
Bulgarian General;
Minister at St. Petersburg,
1913-14.
Dispatches to Sofia,
597-8
Ferdinand, King, telegram from,
584
Sazonov, conversation with,
598, 602
Djemal, Pasha, Turkish Navy Minister,
605,
607
Dillon, Dr.
E. J.,
628
Dipauli,
Leo, Freiherr von,
of the Austro-
Hungarian Ministry for Foreign Affairs,
258
Dirr,Pius,
17
n,
360
Djuvara, T. G., Romanian Minister at
Brussels, Klobukowski, conversation
with,
447
Dobrorolski, Sergei K., Russian General,
Chief of the Mobilization Section,
1914,
150-2
Dobrovic, S-, Head of the Secret Cabinet of
Ferdinand of Bulgaria,
585-6
Dobruja,
548-50, 568
Dodecanese Islands,
275, 292
Dollot,
René, 412
Doumergue,
Gaston,
French Prime Minis¬
ter and Minister for Foreign Affairs,
1913-14
Dumaine, to,
540
Izvolsky, conversation with,
540-1
Szécsen,
conversation with,
540
INDEX
743
Dragoumis, Greek Minister at St. Peters¬
burg, Sazonov, conversation with,
641
Dreyfus affair,
85, 143, 151, 418
Drin,
653
Drummond,
Hon. (since
1916,
Sir) J. E.,
Clerk in the British Foreign Office,
Private Secretary to Mr. Asquith,
1912-
1915,378
Dual (Franco-Russian) Alliance,
15
Ducarne, Belgian General, Chief of the
General Staff,
1906
Barnardiston-Ducarne military conver¬
sations,
416-20, 422, 427, 474
Duff, Evelyn Grant, British Minister at
Beme,
1913
to Grey,
687
Duff Cooper, Rt. Hon. Alfred, Secretary of
State for War
1935-7
British participation in war of
1914, 525
Dumaine, Alfred, French Ambassador at
Vienna,
1912-14, 121-2, 155, 157, 162,
534,540, 542
Berchtold, conversation with,
527, 533,
539
Doumergue, to,
541
Macchio,
conversation with,
534-5, 539
Dunkirk,
507;
Dunkirk line,
238
Durazzo,
353
Durkheim, E., Professor of Sociology at the
Sorbonne, 142-3, 148
Duruy, Commander, French Military Attache
in Brussels,
433
Ebener,
French General,
103
Edmonds, General Sir James, Expedi¬
tionary Force, mobilization,
508-9
Edward
VII,
King of England,
1901-10,
190, 228
Wilhelm
II, on policy of,
34
Eggeling, Major Bernard
von,
German
Military Attache at St. Petersburg,
1912-
1913,55
Egger von Möllwald Lothar, Ritter,
Austrian Legation Secretary at Cetinje,
651
Egypt,
407, 547, 607
Egli,
Colonel, Second in Command of the
Swiss General Staff,
689
Ehrensvärd,
Count,
Thiébaut,
conversation
with,
663
Eifel
region,
212, 218
Eisenmann,
French historian,
162
Elliot, Sir
F. E. H.,
British Minister at
Athens, Venizelos, conversation with,
644
Eist,
Baron L. van
der,
Secretary General
at the Belgian Ministry for Foreign
Affairs,
417, 425, 444, 457, 462
η
Belgian Crown Council proceedings,
460
Below-Saleske, conversation with,
448,
463-4
Flotow, conversation with,
425, 448
Klobukowski, conversation with,
446-7
pro-German policy of,
445
Eist,
Baron L. van
der—
continued
Villiers, conversation with,
437
visits to
Schoen
and Flotow,
425
Wilhelm
II, conversation with,
425
n;
offer to Belgium,
417
Emmich,
von,
German General,
455, 460
n,
465
Entente, Anglo-French. See FRANCE, Great
Britain and
Entente, Triple. See POWERS, Entente, Triple
Enver Bey, Turkish Military Attache at
Berlin,
1909-13;
Minister for War and
Chief of General Staff,
1914, 605, 609,
611,612,615,618
Leontiev, conversation with,
618-19
Wangenbeim, conversation with,
611, 620
Epirus,
603, 624, 641
Epoca,
5 56
Erskine, Hon. William A. F., British Charge
d'Affaires
at Athens,
1913-14, 643
Erzberger, M., German Catholic Deputy,
354
Esher, Lord,
430
Europe,
78
η
European armies, military strength of,
551
Evolution,
82
n,
\1Ъ
η,
142, 157
η,
163,245
η,
418
Eyschen, M., Prime
Minister of Luxemburg
(1914), 204, 453
Bethmann
Hollweg,
to,
683
Buch,
conversation with,
682
France, asked for assurance of neutrality,
684
German invasion, protests against,
202,
682, 684
Grey, to,
684
η
Jagow, to,
681 -2
neutrality of Luxemburg,
202;
assurances
asked for,
681
Viviani, to,
684
η
Fabre-Luce, Alfred,
78
n,
156
Falkenhayn, General
von,
German Minister
for War,
1913-15, 7, 8, 17, 24, 39, 169-
170, 173,178
Bethmann, Moltke, conference,
34;
Beth¬
mann, Tirpitz meeting,
6;
Bethmann,
conversation with,
169, 195;
Beth¬
mann, pressure upon,
249
British neutrality,
172
Bülow,
conversation with,
169
Germany as an aggressor,
244
Kriegsgefahrzustand,
proclaimed,
6, 7, 9, 28
mobilization,
171, 199,233
Moltke, mobilization,
8
neutrality proposal, German reply,
174
Russia, declaration of war on,
192, 195-
196, 244;
Russian mobilization,
26, 29
war, policy toward,
24
η
White, conversation with,
170
Fallon,
Α.,
Baron, Belgian Minister at the
Hague,
1911-19
744
THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
1914
Fallon,
A.
—
continued
Davignon, to,
472, 677
Loudon, conversation with,
445-6, 472,
677
Fasciotti, Baron Carlo, Italian Minister at
Bucharest,
1911-19, 262-3, 299, 302-
303, 573
Bratianu, conversation with,
581
и
Carol, King, conversation with,
556
Waldburg,
conversation with,
262, 5 5 6
и.
Fay, Professor S.
В.,
548
Federzoni, Italian Nationalist,
359
Ferdinand, Prince of Bulgaria,
1887-1909;
King of Bulgaria,
1909-18
Austro-Bulgarian Alliance,
586, 589
Bulgarian attack on Serbs and Greeks,
1913, 582
Dimitriev, to,
584
foreign policy of Bulgaria,
585
personality of,
583
policy of,
582, 601
Russian
coup
de
main apprehended,
584
Sarajevo outrage,
596
Savinsky, conversation with,
599
tergiversations,
585-9
Triple Alliance, attitude towards,
587-8
Wilhelm
II, to,
546
Ferdinand I, Crown Prince of Romania,
King,
1914-27,55 5
Ferry, Abel, French Under-Secretary of
State for Foreign Affairs
(1914), 78
n.
Filipescu, Nicola, Romanian Minister for
War,
1912-13,553
Findlay (since
1916,
Sir),
M. de C,
British
Minister at
Christiania,
1911-23, 672
Finland:
Sweden and,
547, 663, 666-7, 669
Fischer,
Eugen,
Secretary to the Reichstag
Commission of Inquiry into war guilt,
9,
10,11,23,533
Fisher, Sir John (since
1909,
Baron) Ad¬
miral of the British Fleet; First Sea Lord,
1904-10; 1914-15, 190
Fiuggi, conversations at, Chapt. VI,
254-95
Flambeau,
Le,
444, 453, 456
Fleischmann,
Captain, of the Austro-Hun-
garian General Staff, at Berlin
Moltke, conversation with,
7-9, 49, 236
to Vienna,
8
Fleuriau, A. J.
de, 1st
Secretary at French
Embassy at London,
1904-21
(sometime
Charge
d'Affaires),
431
F
lo
tow, Hans
von,
German
Minister
at
Brussels,
1910-13;
German Ambassa¬
dor at Rome,
1913-15, 62
communications to and from,
40-1, 207,
262, 264, 283, 285, 288, 297, 299-300,
313, 318, 333, 336«
Eist,
van
der,
conversation with,
425,
448.
Fiuggi conversations,
254, 258, 263
Greece and the Triple Alliance,
625
influence of,
339
Italy arming,
331;
Italian neutrality,
314-
315,318
Flotow, Hans
vori
—
continued
Russia and King Ferdinand,
584
San Giuliano,
conversation with,
256, 261,
266, 269, 283, 289, 298-300, 312, 317,
349,352
Flushing,
425,676
Foch, Ferdinand,
French Marshal,
161
n,
379
Foerster,
Wolfgang, German Colonel, Director of
the Imperial Archives,
236-8, 240-2,
245,251
Lutz,
to,
240
Moltke, personality of,
251
Schlieffen plan,
244
Fontarce, Trumet
de,
Secretary at the French
Legation at Brussels,
435
Foreign Affairs,
165
Forgach
von Ghymes und Gacs,
Count
Johann, Austro-Hungarian
Minister
at Belgrade,
1907-11;
Chief of Section
in Ministry for Foreign Affairs,
1913,
1914, 532-3
Tschirschky, conversation with,
20, 283,
286
Fotino, George,
572
France:
aggressor, not to appear as,
200
Austrian proposal for peace,
93-5
blame attached to,
165
debate in the French Chamber,
5
July
1922, 145-51
Deuxième
Bureau
d'Information,
418
documents, publication of,
154, 161-5
frontier incidents,
208, 210
French Yellow Book,
13
n,
58, 70
n,
77,
79
n,
89, 90
n,
95, 98, 99
n,
108
n,
109,
112, 118-23, 140-4, 146, 150-61,
163,202, 211,394,408,442
general policy of,
Jaurès
and,
85
mobilization,
102;
and war,
200;
Aus¬
trian and Russian, French opinion,
120, 158;
date of,
73, 104, 145, 150,
185;
decision for,
91-2, 99-109,
117;
general mobilization, Chapt. II,
66-111;
neutral zone,
108-9, 117.
200;
priority and order of,
109, 113,
116-18, 120, 122
neutrality of,
100, 171-2, 174, 194,
223,241,251,380-6
North and West coasts, British assur¬
ances to France,
486
policy of caution,
84
revisionists,
142, 151-2
Schlieffen plan, knowledge of,
417-18
Socialism and Marxism,
85;
Socialists
and attitude to the war,
141
trade unions,
141
war, anxiety concerning,
66-70;
efforts
to avert,
226;
first reactions in,
141-
145;
hope for a victory,
82;
localiza¬
tion of,
226;
responsibility for,
150,
156;
war guilt,
142, 145
Austria Hungary and. See AUSTRIA-
HUNGARY
Belgium and. See BELGIUM
INDEX
745
France—
continued
Germany and:
attack on France, German first objec¬
tive,
44, 47,
HI,
241, 246-7
cipher code, French knowledge of,
214,
216-17
departure of Germans advised,
31
diplomatic relations broken off,
88, 98
France asked to define line of
conduct,
166
frontier incidents,
204-9, 214-215,
217
general relations,
228
Germany blamed,
98
German inquiry as to attitude of
France,
73-7,98, 100
Kriegsgefahrzustand, 70-3
mobilization designed against France,
175
neutrality of France, German inquiries
concerning,
40, 44-5, 51, 74, 83, 84
n,
108, 125, 171,223,243,378
Schlieffen plan,
247
ultimatum to France,
38-45, 48, 73, 84,
97, 108-9, 167,491
Viviani-Schoen interview,
102
war declared,
44-5, 49, 84, 98, 164,
Chapt. IV,
166-229, 244-5
Great Britain and:
Anglo-French Entente,
344, 370, 375,
416
armed support to France,
108, 227-8,
252, 366, 393-4, 484
Belgium, invasion of, and attitude to
neutrality,
88, 387-8, 3 93, 419-20,
430-1
British attitude and question of neu¬
trality,
68, 69, 392-3,431
exchange of notes,
22
Nov.
1912, 372
expeditionary force,
392, 394, 407-8
George V's message to the Tsar,
118
general relations,
485
Mediterranean Naval Agreement,
1912, 395-5
military agreements,
525;
arrangements
and conversations,
1906-12, 365, 430
mobilization, French, effect of,
107, 163
Naval agreement, North Sea, Channel
and Mediterranean,
429
Naval protection of French coasts,
392-6, 399-400, 403, 406-7, 486
neutrality suggested by Grey,
392
obligations to France,
54, 171, 481
Sweden, invited
tojóin
in guarantee of,
671
Greece and:
Greece should keep Turkey neutral,
643
Italy and:
animosity towards,
337
Franco-Italian agreement,
1902, 341
Manouba and Carthage incidents,
357
Prinetti-Barrère
Agreement,
1902, 342
rapprochement between, from
1900, 357
Russian conversations as intermediaries,
349
Salandra, unaware of Italian engage¬
ments,
339
France
—
continued
Luxemburg and:
neutrality of,
202-3, 430, 684
Romania and:
neutrality advice,
570-1
Russia and:
Alliance, Franco-Russian,
83, 86, 141,
147,267,
mobilization, Russian, France and,
70-4,
77, 79-85, 90-9, 102, 112-13, 115,
145, 153-4
offensive against Germany,
85,
111
peace, French efforts for,
21
support to Russia,
68, 83, 181-6, 297
Spain and:
French troops can be withdrawn,
692
pro-French feelings of Spanish people,
692
Francis Ferdinand, Austro-Hungarian Arch¬
duke and Heir Apparent.
Albert of
Würtemburg,
conversation
with,
353-4
assassination of,
552
policy of,
552-3
Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria and
King of Hungary,
1848-1916
Carol, King, communications between,
561,564,568
Conrad, audiences with,
329-30, 635
declaration of war on France and
England,
537-8;
on Russia,
532
George V, telegram from,
28
Greek relations with Germany,
635
Kaiserin
Elizabeth, warship,
698
и
Penfield, audience with,
701
Pollio, death of,
306
Tschirschky, audience with,
306
Victor Emmanuel, appeal to,
310-14
Wilhelm
II, communications between,
20, 39. 45-50, 103
n,
176, 294, 335, 527,
529, 554, 700-1
Frangulis, A. F., Greek diplomat and jurist,
621, 622, 627-30, 633, 636-7, 639, 643
Frederick the Great, King of Prussia,
250
Frederick William, Crown Prince of Ger¬
many.
Albert I, conversation with,
442
η
Frederiks,
Baron Vladimir, Minister in
Attendance at the Russian Court,
1897-1917
Pourtalès,
letter from,
64, 182
Freire
d'Andrade,
Α.,
Portuguese Foreign
Minister,
1914,
to
Teixeira
Gomes,
690
French, General Sir John, Chief of the
British General Staff,
1911-14, 510
Fuchs,
German General,
204, 683
Fürstenberg, Karl E., Prinz zu,
Austrian
Ambassador at Madrid,
1913, 692
Gaiffier d'Hestroy, Baron, Belgian Min¬
ister at Bucharest,
1911,
Political
Director at the Belgian Ministry for
Foreign Affairs,
1914, 425
Belgian reply to ultimatum,
463, 465
746
THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
1914
Gaiffier d'Hestroy
—
continued
Klobukowski, conversation with,
466
Galet, Emile
Joseph, Belgian General,
438-
9, 441, 444-6, 451, 457-63, 468, 471
η
Galicia,
107, 238, 659
Austrian mobilization in,
46-9, 96, 124,
126, 134,138, 147,530-1
Gandhi,
Mahatma,
547
Garda, Germanization
of,
346
Garroni, Marquis, Italian Ambassador at
Constantinople,
1912-15,358-9
Gatti, Angelo,
307
Gavrilović,
Milan, Serbian Minister at
Cetigne,
1910-14,
649 л
Gemmenich,
German invasion of,
470, 494
Genadiev, N., Bulgarian Minister for
Foreign Affairs,
1913, 584-5
Savinsky, conversation with,
600
Génie,
French Military
Attaché
at Brussels,
447. 462 "
Belgian Army, condition of,
438
η
to Paris,
439
Geoffray,
Léon,
French Ambassador at
Madrid,
1910-15,
Alfonso
XIII,
conver¬
sation with,
692-3
George I, King of Greece,
1863-1913,
assassination of,
624
George V, King of England,
1910-36.
Albert I, appeal to,
467, 486
Asquiţh,
letters to,
371-2, 410, 483-4, 514
Francis Joseph, communication of tele¬
gram to,
28
French neutrality,
176
German ultimatum to Russia,
125
Henry, Prince of Prussia, telegram to,
27
intervention by,
128
neutrality, misunderstanding over,
381
Nicholas II, communications between,
51, 52, 62, 117-18, 125-35, 138-40,
150 л,
375«, 378-9
Page, audience with,
701
Poincaré,
letter from,
66-70, 80, 379-80,
503
Wilhelm
II, communications between,
20, 27-31, 36-7, 47, 129, 174, 177, 194,
381
Wilhelm
II, on policy of,
34
Wilson, President, communications be¬
tween,
700-1
Gerard,
Barnes
W., U.S.A. Ambassador at
Berlin,
1913-17
Beyens, conversation with,
701
Bryan, to,
697
Cambon, Jules, conversation with,
701
Tirpitz, conversation with,
188
Gerhard, W.,
275
Gerin, Rene,
70, 79
n,
81, 83, 106 110,
n,
116,158,160
Germany:
as aggressor,
84,
in,
204
Alliance, Triple:
34, 46, 279-80, 286,
290
armaments,
86
Army and Navy Staff, iack of co¬
ordination,
248-51
Germany
—
continued
attitude toward the
Austro-Serbia
conflict,
15
Conference, attitude to a,
270
Deutsche
Dokumente zum Kriegsaus¬
bruch,
publication of,
162
diplomatic failures,
225
documents published,
145, 161
encirclement of,
34
frontier incidents,
463-4
German Federal Union,
414
German White Book,
142-3, 160, 220-1,
223, 354
и,
466, 474
innocence of,
97
Kriegsgefahrzustand,
proclaimed, Chapt,
I,
1-65, 70-4, 103
n,
120, 145, 150,
160,161/1,227,312,378
leaders, personal rivalries,
251-3
localization of the conflict,
142, 167
military measures,
15, 67
military strategy, one plan only,
242
mobilization,
2, 3, 5-7, 9-11, 13, 23,
25-6, 29, 38-9, 42, 45, 47-8, 61, 69,
73, 75-6, 88, 99, 103-4, 109-10, 145,
163-71, 175-6, 199, 201, 222, 230-3,
243-5,316,391
naval policy,
35, 187-8;
naval strength
of,
250
political leadership, breakdown of,
193-7
policy over Austro-Serbian dispute,
35
railway construction, strategic,
443
Schlieffen plan. See SCHLIEFFEN PLAN
situation out of hand,
15
Socialists, will not obstruct war,
5-16
war, attitude towards,
24
n,
179;
avoidance of,
16;
German respon¬
sibility,
148;
German wish for,
98;
guilty of aggression,
144, 148, 187,
244, 474;
moving towards war,
181;
not desired by,
16;
on two fronts,
236-7;
plan for war,
44;
possibility
of
353;
regarded as certain,
46;
res¬
ponsibility rests with Russia,
132-
133;
responsibility for the war,
142,
146,190,229
Austria-Hungary and. See AUSTRIA-
HUNGARY
Belgium and. See BELGIUM
Bulgaria and. See BULGARIA
Denmark and. See DENMARK
France and. See FRANCE
Great Britain and:
Anglo-German co-operation hoped for,
21
attack on Russia,
147
Bethmann, doubts about England,
267;
German action as self-preser¬
vation,
480;
speech communicated,
495
British attitude,
52;
Grey's speech,
3
Aug.,
484-9
Cabinet meeting of
3
Aug.,
481-4
cable communication cut,
2
Aug.,
476
economic competition,
141
INDEX
747
Germany
—
continued
Expeditionary Force, attitude to,
524
French coasts, not to be attacked,
405,
477,486
general relations,
189
German financial interests,
376
German invasion and violation of
Belgian neutrality,
54, 88, 197, 202,
386-92, 400-2, 409-11, 476-7,
493-495
Halt in Belgrade proposal,
51
Intervention by Great Britain,
10, 52,
130, 187,479,492,524,547
Kriegsgefahrzustand
announced,
40, 498-
502
Lichnowsky appeals that Great Britain
should not side with France,
399
mediation, representations to France
and Russia,
22
military preparations by France and
Russia,
5
naval agreement offered,
247, 249
naval power, policy of,
187-8
neutrality, British,
32, 50, 76-81, 85,
172, 174, 179, 188, 224, 243, 251,
375, 380-1, 382, 394, 478, 488, 513,
517, 524
neutrality, French,
380-1, 392
Schlieffen plan and,
247
surprise attack on English fleet, not
possible,
190
ultimatum to Belgium,
490-1
ultimatum to Germany,
489-98;
reply
awaited,
498-502;
delay in sending,
521
ultimatum to Russia,
54
Greece and:
German favor towards Greece,
607
question of Greek support,
635, 637-
638
Holland and:
fear of German threat,
445
firm stand towards,
676-8
neutrality, and German assurances,
446, 678-80
Italy and:
attitude of Italy,
260, 301-2
compensations to Italy,
284-5, 333
engagements and obligations,
41, 47,
311-12
military help from,
Wilhelm
II
's
hopes
of
546-7
neutrality declaration,
314-21
Japan and:
declaration of war on Germany,
698
ultimatum to Germany,
697
Luxemburg and. See LUXEMBURG
Portugal and:
Germany declares war on,
691
Romania and:
Bessarabia promised to Romania,
564-
8
Romanian support asked for,
567, 578,
594
Romanian neutrality,
575
Germany
—
continued
Russia and:
attack on Russia,
44, 47, 50, 528
Austria, German moderating effect on,
55
Au stro-
S
erb i
an conflict, Russian
attitude,
220
declaration of war,
51, 96,
in,
126,
164,
Chapt. IV,
166-229, 244, 395
frontier incidents,
223
Kriegsgefahrzustand, 40
mediation, Sazonov's formula for,
18-
19
military measures against Germany,
13
mobilization,
2, 10, 25, 31-4, 37-43,
52, 56, 59, 61-2, 103
n,
125, 167,
191, 220-1
ultimatum to Russia, Chapt. I,
1-65,
74, 84, 97-8, 103, 112, 118, 125, 129,
147, 150, 164, 166, 170, 180, 221-3,
227
war against Russia,
45, 196, 316-17,
529-30;
Russia to blame for the war,
85, 127,478,480
Sweden and:
agreement or alliance between,
663-
664, 669
co-operation between,
662
Germany anxious as to Swedish
attitude,
666-7
neutrality,
669-70
solicitations at Stockholm,
666 9
Swedish tendencies towards,
662-6
Turkey and:
Alliance with,
546-7, 568,
Chapt.
XIV,
605-23,637
co-operation with,
47, 608
general relations with,
605-7
Goeben and
Breslau,
compensations for
asylum to,
620-1
Gethe positions,
461
Gide,
Charles, economist, Univ. of Paris,
142, 144
Giers,
Α. Α.,
Russian Minister at Cetinje,
1912-16.
Nicholas, King, conversation with,
654,
657, 660
Plamenac,
conversation with,
660
Giers, Michael
von,
Russian Minister at
Bucharest,
1902-12;
Ambassador at
Constantinople,
1912-14
Dispatches from,
618-19, 622
Goeben and
Breslau,
arrival at,
622
Said
Halim
Pasha, conversation with,
618
Toshev, conversation with,
618-19
Giesl von Gieslingen,
Baron, Austro-Hun-
garian Minister at Cetinje,
1909-13;
at
Belgrade,
1913-14,226
Albertini,
conversation with,
647
Montenegrin alliance,
648
Nicholas, King, conversation with,
647
Guard, French General,
162
Gillard, Pierre, tutor to the Tsarevich,
184 «
748
THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
19 14
Giolitti, Giovanni, Italian Prime Minister,
1906-9, 1911-14,363,625
casus
foederis not constituted,
363
Italian neutrality,
327, 355
policy of,
338
Ruspoli, conversation with,
363
San Giuliano,
letter to,
363
Giornale d'Italia,
3
18
Giraud,
V.,
French historian,
161
η
Gladstone, William Ewart, British Prime
Minister,
1868-74, 1881-4, 1886-92,
1894,486-7
Belgian independence,
410, 415
Glas Crnogorca,
656
Goeben,
499, 536-8, 620
Goschen,
Sir
W.
E.,
British Ambassador at
Vienna,
1905-8;
at Berlin,
1908-14, 65
Bethmann Hollweg, conversation with,
31-2, 242
n,
496-7
bombing of Nuremburg,
210
frontier incidents,
208
Grey, communications to,
32, 53-4, 386-
387,495. 500,513
frontier incidents,
208
Jagow, conversation with,
32, 54, 210,
386-7,391,476,495,497
leaves Berlin,
497, 499-500
Nicolson, letter to,
32, 180
η
Zimmermann,
conversation with,
497
Goulding, Sir Edward,
396
Gradisteanu, P., Romanian Minister,
5 73
Gramont, Duke of, French Minister,
1870,
415
Grant Duff, Evelyn. See Duff
Granville, Lord
(1870), 415, 486
Great Belt,
675-6
Great Britain
Alliance, Triple,
343-5
appeals for peace,
55
Army, increase of,
512
Belgian neutrality, importance of,
399,
408
British Blue Book,
120-3, 13 5
1 36, 142, 160, 163
η
Cabinet, dissensions within,
364-71;
meeting of
4
Aug.,
494
Coalition Government,
397, 483
Congo, British recognition of,
436
Expeditionary Force,
237, 242
n,
247,
379, 400, 420, 429, 481, 487-8, 502-
504,508-12, 524
financial situation,
374-7, 408
foreign policy and the Cabinet,
365
French coasts, British assurances to
France,
250, 486
free hand, if France became involved,
147
French mobilization,
104;
neutrality,
guaranteed by Great Britain,
174
Halt in Belgrade,
1, 27, 227
intervention of Great Britain,
16, 17,
186, 190, 290, 302, 321, 334,
Chapt.
VIII, 364-411, 421, 514, 525, 546
Italian neutrality,
315
localization of
the conflict,
220
Great Britain
—
continued
mediation proposals,
27, 167, 390, 523
military arrangements and Cabinet,
365;
military policy,
506
mobilization,
150
n,
163, 374, 395-6,
487,506,508-9
naval policy,
34-5
Navy, commence hostilities,
499
neutrality,
34, 50, 66, 80, 119, 132, 147,
171-2, 224-5, 233, 315,
Chapt.
VIII, 364-411, 529.
See also Ger¬
many, Great Britain and
peace, efforts towards,
15-16, 190, 366
policy,
Wilhelm
II on,
34, 488
support to France and Russia,
81, 82,
85, 297
Three-Power Agreement,
1887, 344
ultimatum to Germany,
489-98
war, Chapt. X,
476-525;
attitude to,
8,
25;
declaration,
312;
effect of entry
into,
170;
popular opinion,
408-9,
482
Austria-Hungary aid. See
AustriA-HuN-
GARY
Belgium and. See BELGIUM
France and. See France
Germany and. See Germany
Holland and:
guarantee to Holland,
673
Italy and:
exchange of views advocated,
297
neutrality related to British interven¬
tion,
345
no agreement between,
300
policy not to be hostile,
344
Japan and:
Anglo-Japanese alliance,
693, 696
intervention in war, British part in,
698
Japanese support,
695
Norway and:
neutrality, anglophil character of,
672-
673
Portugal and:
ancient alliances between,
690-1
neutrality, request to defer,
690
solidarity with,
690-1
Romania and:
neutrality, British advice not given,
568
Russia and:
British pacific efforts,
58
British proposals,
978
guarantee of Sweden,
671
mobilization,
163
naval support, Russian inquiry as
to,
536
Sweden and:
neutrality, desire for,
670-1
Turkey and:
battleships commandeered,
622
general relations,
607
Goeben and
Breslau,
pursuit of,
621
neutrality of and guarantees,
623
INDEX
749
Greece
Aegean Islands,
626-8
Albania, Greece and,
640-1
Alliance, Romania and Turkey,
625
attitude of,
198, 547
Austro
Serbian war,
casus
foedeus not
recognized,
628,
feeling against in¬
tervention,
631
Chios and Mityiene,
609
compensations to,
640-2
Entente Powers, Greece joins,
547
Epirus,
603
Germany, relations with,
635
Greek White Book,
628-9, 637
Kavala. See KAVALA
neutrality of, Chapt. XV,
624-5
Triple Alliance,
624-5
Triple Entente,
624, 643-5
Venezelists and King Constantme's
adherents,
639
Wilhelm
II, warning against siding
with Russia,
546;
pressure to obtain
Greek support,
634-40
Austria Hungary and:
Greece would not side with,
636
Bulgaria and. See BULGARIA
France and:
Greece should keep Turkey neutral,
643
Germany and
German favor towards Greece,
607
question of Greek support,
635, 637-
638
Russia and:
general relations,
47
territorial concessions for Bulgaria,
640-5
Serbia and:
Alliance,
Serbo
Greek,
624-7
Bulgarian attack, intervention if Bul¬
garia attacked,
601, 629-30
Graeco Turkish question,
627-8
Greece regards herself as free from
obligations,
634
neutrality,
633, 637-8
unable to help Serbia,
628-9, 633
Turkey and:
alliance with,
607-10, 612, 627-8
attack on Turkey, denial of,
636
compensation to Greece,
603
general relations,
608
Greeks persecuted in Asia Minor,
627
intervention of Turkey, Greek attitude
to,
643
mobilization, Turkish,
640
η
neutrality of Turkey, Greek efforts for,
643
war, Greece threatens,
627
Greene, Sir William Conyngham, British
Ambassador at Tokyo
(1914), 695
Gregory, J. D.,
501
Greindl, Baron, Belgian Minister at Berlin,
1888-1914,422,464
plan of and memorandum,
426-7, 431
Grellmg, Richard,
24
Grey, Sir Edward (since
1916, 1st
Viscount
Grey of
Fallodon),
British Secretary of
State for Foreign Affairs,
1905-16,
68, 365-7, 382, 385, 387, 390-1, 399,
401-2, 405-6, 411, 479, 488, 499, 505,
512, 514, 519, 521, 523-4, 535
Ambassadors' Conference, proposals for,
189,265
Austria-Hungary, declaration of war on,
543;
Grey's attitude to,
534-9
Beaumont, to,
622-3
Belgium and Treaty of
1839, 514;
neu¬
trality of,
65, 182 386-92, 408, 432,
434-7, 475, 517-23
Benckendorff, conversation with,
536
Bertie, communications between,
54, 68
88, 90
n,
116-17, 123, 163, 206, 208,
372-3, 375
n,
383-5, 387, 392, 394, 407
Buchanan, communications between,
57,
69, 234, 390
Bunsen,
communications between,
123,
391,529,534-5
Cabinet, attitude of,
402;
Cabinet de¬
cision necessary,
368-9;
decision not
told to Lichnowsky,
478-9
Cambon, Paul, assurances given to,
406-
7;
conversation with,
21, 163, 182,
371-7, 392-6, 401-9, 448, 490, 502
503;
letters exchanged,
227-8, 365, 481
Carnegie, to,
690
Chilton, to,
680
Churchill, conversation with,
396
circular letter to Brussels, The Hague,
Christiania,
491, 672
Conservative decision to support,
404-5
Expeditionary Force,
502-05, 508, 510
Eyschen, to,
684
η
France, neutrality of,
176, 178, 380-1,
392;
pressure on Paris and St Peters¬
burg,
53
frontier incidents,
207
Germany, appeal, to
50-55,
Anglo-
German co-operation,
21;
ultimatum
to Belgium,
488-9, 494-5, 499, 521;
warnings to Germany,
50
Goschen,
communications between,
32,
387,390-1476,491,494-5
Greece and Kavala,
643
Greene, to,
693, 695
Halt in Belgrade,
233-5
Hayashi, conversation with,
696
Holland fear of Germany,
676;
Holland
should resist German pressure,
680
inaction after his speech,
3
Aug.,
490
intervention, attitude to,
366, 399
η
Izvolsky, conversation with,
484
Lalaing, conversation with,
437
Lichnowsky, conversation with,
19-21,
34. 36, 53. 177, 220-1, 235, 367-8, 372,
381-3, 386-9, 400, 478-9, 522;
final
interview with,
479
n; message to,
British neutrality,
386;
misunder¬
standing between,
385;
neutrality pro¬
posal,
515-16, 520;
warning against
750
THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
1914
Grey, Sir Edward
—
continued
Lichnowsky
—
continued
violation of Belgian neutrality,
388, 406
Luxemburg, neutrality, of,
683-4
mediation at St. Petersburg,
21;
Austro-
Russian talks,
53, 264, 266, 387, 390
Mensdorff, conversation with,
235, 390,
535, 542. 544
minute by,
395, 423, 432, 686
mobilization and war,
60;
French,
107-
108;
French, German, Russian,
391
moderating influence upon France and
Russia,
5
neutrality,British,
32, 50, 171, 369, 380-6,
389, 392-3, 513;
French and British,
380-6
Nicolson, conversation with,
394
Page, conversation with,
498, 696, 698-
699
peace, efforts for,
53, 69, 389, 513
personality of,
368, 498, 520
policy of,
60, 364-71, 488, 518-91, 521-
22
proposals for negotiations and cessation
of military preparations,
21-24, 57, 60,
65,99-102, 109, 119-20
Rodd,
communications between,
263,
265-6,297,341,535
Romania, no advice given,
568
Russia, mobilization,
163, 391
San Giuliano,
proposal for conciliation,
256
Sazonov's formula,
57;
conversation
with,
189
Schubert, conversation with,
373
situation of
31
July-1 Aug.,
379
statements and speeches by,
224, 481-
489,508,512-13,523
Swinderen, conversation with,
680
threat from Grey,
3, 4
Turkey, neutrality of,
623
Venizelos proposals for Balkan bloc,
643
Villiers, to,
448
war, share of responsibility for,
523-4
Wrangel, conversation with,
670-1
Yarde
Buller,
to,
424
Grierson, Sir James Moncrieff, General,
British Military
Attaché
at Berlin,
1896-1900;
Director of Military Opera¬
tions,
1904-06,507
Huguet, conversation with,
420
Guesde,
French Socialist Deputy,
88
Guillaume,
Baron, Belgian Minister at Paris,
438
Gustav V,
King of Sweden,
1907
Nekludov, conversation with,
670
Reichenau, conversation with,
665, 668
Sweden would be with the Triple Alli¬
ance,
665, 668
Guthrie,
G. W.,
U.S.A., Ambassador at
Tokyo,
696
Haase, German Socialist Deputy,
440
Hadik von Futak,
Count Maximilian,
Hadik von Futak
—
continued
Austro-Hungarian
Minister at Stockholm,
1912-18,665
Haeften,
von, Major-General,
of the German
General Staff.
Moltke, conversation with,
24, 32
revelations, and what they amount to,
24-7
Russian mobilization,
32
Hague Convention on Outbreak of Hos¬
tilities,
1907, 199
Hague Peace Conference,
1907, 422
Haig, Douglas, General,
510
Haldane, R. B. (since
1911, 1st
Viscount),
British Secretary of State for War,
1905-
12, 34, 371, 379, 395, 406, 485, 499
Expeditionary Force,
510, 512
'Haldane Plan',
506
mobilization of Expeditionary Force,
508-10
War Office,
508, 512
HalilBey,
611,616
Hallier, Lieut.-Col. French Military
Attaché
at Vienna,
113, 121,539
Halt in Belgrade proposals: See AUSTRIA-
HUNGARY; BETHMANN HOLLWEG; GREY
Hamilton, Sir Ian, British General,
510
Hammann, Otto,
of the German Ministry
for Foreign Affairs,
193, 478
Hammarskiöld-Wallenberg
ministry, Sweden,
663
Hampe,
Karl,
412
Hanotaux, Gabriel, French Foreign Minis¬
ter,
200 «
Harcourt, Lewis V., British Minister for
Colonies,
1910-15, 366, 370, 405
Hardinge, Sir Charles (since
1910, 1st
Baron)
Assistant Under-Sccretary of State for
Foreign Affairs,
1903-4;
Ambassador
at St. Petersburg,
1904-1906;
Permanent Under-Secretary of State
for Foreign Affairs,
1906-10
Belgian neutrality,
423
Hatzfeld, Prince, German Plenipotentiary at
Brussels,
441
η
Haus,
Anton, Austro-Hungarian Admiral,
1913,305,536-7
Havas
telegrams,
72-3, 77, 79
Havre,
Le,
507
Hayashi, Baron (since
1902,
Viscount),
Japanese Minister at London,
1900-5;
Ambassador,
1905-6, 696
Hedin, Sven,
Swedish explorer,
663
Heeringen, Josias von,
German General,
War Minister,
1909-13, 440, 441
η
Heimburger, Belgian General,
425
η
Heinrichs,
P.
L.,
German Under-Secretary,
of State
(1924), 14
Hell, German General, Chief of the General
Staff, XX Army Corps,
Moltke, conversation with,
33
Hendrick,
B. J.,
498, 501
Henry of Prussia, Prince,
20
George V, communications between,
27,
36
INDEX
751
Henry,
French Colonel,
418
Herre, P
,
German
historian,
663, 666-7,
671, 676,679-80, 684-5,688
Herrick,
M. T., United States
Ambassador at
Paris,
1914, 699, 701
Herriot, Edouard,
French politician,
155
mobilization
dates,
159
speech
by,
149
Yellow Book statements,
159
Hertling, Count
Georg,
Bavarian Prime
Minister,
1913-17,302
Het
Volk, 152
Heuvel,
M. van
den, Professor
of Louvain
University,
457, 462-4
Hintze,
Ρ
von,
Captain, German Naval Pleni¬
potentiary at St. Petersburg,
1908-10, 197
Hobhouse, C. I. H., member of Asquith's
Cabinet,
366, 370
Hoffmann, Arthur, Swiss Federal Council¬
lor,
689
Holland:
Grey urges Holland to resist German
pressure,
680
military steps to guard frontiers,
678
mobilization ordered,
679
neutrality of,
238-42, 492, 678-80
Schlieffen plan,
238-42, 446
Belgium and. See BELGIUM
Holstein,
Baron Fnedrich
von,
German
Foreign Office,
1880-1906,
Triple Alli¬
ance,
347
Hosse, Kail, Ma] or, German General Staff,
412, 420-1
Howard,
Esmé,
British Minister at Stock¬
holm,
1914
Grey, to,
667-8, 670, 672
Wallenburg, conversation with,
667-9
Hoyos,
Alexander, Count, of the Austrian
Foreign Ministry,
529, 536, 550, 583,
595-6, 609-10,651
Hubka, G
von,
Major, Austrian Military
Attache at Cetinje,
1912-14, 654, 659,
661
Conrad, to,
648
Huguet,
C J
,
Geneial, French Military
Attache at London,
1906-16, 503, 505
n,
507, 510-12,525
Anglo French military agreements,
525
Army, British views on,
506
British Expeditionary Force,
507
French Military Mission,
510
и,
511
Grierson, conversation with,
420
Kitchener, conversation with,
512
и
Humanite,
85-7, 145
Hungary:
Romania and Transylvania,
579-80
Hutten
Czapski, Count, Geiman diplomat,
546
Hymans, Paul, Belgian Minister of State,
452,462-3
Idea
Nazionale,
359 60
Ignatiev, Lieut.-Colonel, Russian Military
Attaché
at Paris,
1912-14, 67, 83, 111
Ignatiev, Lieut.—Col.
—
continued
Messimy, conversation with, 111,
182
Ihlen, N.C.,
Norwegian Foreign Minister,
673
Imperiali, di
Francavilla,
Marquis
Gugli¬
elmo,
Italian Ambassador at Constanti¬
nople,
1904-10,
at London,
1910-26,
296-7,35 8
Indépendance Belge,
435
India,
35,407, 547
Ingenbleek, J., Belgian high official,
452
International Socialist Bureau,
86
Investigating Commission, German war
guilt,
14
Irredentist movement,
283, 284
Isaac, Professor Jules,
92, 161/7.
Ischi,
258, 260
Islands question,
609
Isonzó
line,
277
Ištip,
600-1, 641-2;
guarantee to Bulgaria,
602-3
Italy:
Aegean islands, occupation of,
280
Alliance, Triple See Alliance, Triple
attitude of Italy,
15-17, 179, 186, 192,
225,233,263,274,333
casus
foederis did not obtain,
358
compensations to Italy,
11, 256-9, 27
Ι¬
ό,
278-82, 285-9, 291-5, 302-303,
310-16, 320, 325, 330-7, 343, 345-
50, 641
conference, or exchange of views ad¬
vocated,
296-7
co-operation,
252
defection of Italy, effect on naval situa¬
tion,
536,539
diplomatic service, triplicist,
358
Entente, policy towards,
332, 337
fear of attack by Austria and Germany,
350-1
French mobilization,
104
general relations,
357
governing classes,
3 5 7-63
intervention and the Central Powers,
80,299-303, 320-1, 348
Irredenta,
283, 352
Italy arming,
330-1
mediation, opportunity for,
267
military and general position of,
275
military measures ordered,
1914, 307
mobilization,
309-10, 327
Nationalists,
359
neutrality of,
81, 100,
111,
228-9,
254, 263, 275
n,
284, 291-2,
Chapt.
VII,
296-365, 542, 546, 574
Nuremberg, bombing of,
210
participation of,
198
policy of,
89
political and military leadership,
308
Schlieffen
pian,
237, 247
Three Power Agreement,
1887,
Aus¬
tria, Italy, England,
344
treachery of, disproved,
350-6
war, attitude to and part in,
8, 45, 262,
264, 297-9, 317, 344, 638
752
THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
1914
Italy
—
continued
Albania and,
255, 275-6, 642
Austria-Hungary and. See AUSTRIA-
HUNGARY
Balkans and. See BALKANS
France and. See FRANCE
Germany and. See GERMANY
Great Britain and. See GREAT BRITAIN
Romania and:
activities between,
302-3
η
neutrality of Italy questioned,
573-4,
579
separate or joint policies,
5 81,
and
η
Russia and:
exchange of views offered,
349
Serbia and:
ultimatum to Serbia, Italian advice,
264-9.
See also AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:
Italy and
Switzerland and:
relations with,
686
Turkey and:
Italo-Turkish war,
276, 280
Izvolsky, Alexander, Russian Minister for
Foreign Affairs,
1906-10;
Ambassador
at Paris,
1910-17, 67, 71
η
Doumergue, conversation with,
540-1
French support to Russia,
181-6
Grey, conversation with,
484
Jaurès,
attacks on,
87
Margerie, conversation with,
73, 85,
111
Messimy, conversation with,
85, 91
Poincaré,
conversation with,
95, 185, 570,
664
policy of,
60, 87
Sazonov, communications between,
61,
71
n,
72, 83, 85, 104, 105, 108-11, 124,
127, 181, 185, 348-9, 541, 550, 664
JAGOW, GOTTLIEB
VON,
Secretary at Ger¬
man Embassy at Rome,
1901-6;
Ambassador,
1909-12;
Secretary of
State to the Ministry for Foreign
Affairs,
1913-16, 12, 13, 20, 193, 454
assurance to Great Britain despite Bel¬
gian armed resistance,
492
Austria and compensation to Italy,
283;
ultimatum to Serbia,
257
Barnes, conversation with,
515
Bassewitz, to,
634
Beldiman, conversation with,
262, 562
Belgium, attitude towards,
440-1;
Bel¬
gian neutrality of,
388, 440, 449;
ulti¬
matum,
473, 492
Below-Saleske, to,
470
Berchtold, to,
332-3
Bernabé,
conversation with,
13
Beyens, conversation with,
440-1, 472-
473
Bollati,
conversation with,
278
British declaration of war,
524;
neu¬
trality suggestions,
172, 174, 515-16
Brockdorff-Rantzau, to,
674
Bulgaria, alliance,
609;
understanding
with,
594
Jagow, Gottlieb
von—
continued
Cambon, Jules, conversation with,
13,
61,70, 114, 160«, 211
evasive reply,
522
Eyschen, to,
203, 682
Flotow, communications to and from,
40-1, 207, 262, 264, 283-5, 288, 297,
299-300, 313, 318, 333, 336
n,
625
France, declaration of war on,
193, 196
French neutrality,
171-2
frontier incidents,
205-6, 208
German plan of campaign,
201;
reply
to neutrality proposal,
174;
ultimatum,
to Belgium,
473
Goschen,
conversation with,
32, 54, 210,
386-7,391,495,497
Greece and the Triple Alliance,
625;
detachment from Serbia,
634;
neut¬
rality of
Grece,
634
Grey, neutrality proposal,
175
inviolability of neutral frontiers,
441
η
Italy, compensations to,
285, 290;
Italian policy,
296
Kriegsgefahrzustand, 40
Lichnowsky, dispatches to. See LlCH-
NOWSKY
Mediterranean and German Navy,
337
η
Merey, to,
336
η
Michahelles,
to,
590, 595
mobilization,
3, 74, 80
Moltke, Count G, conversation with,
674-5
Moltke, H.
von,
explanations of state¬
ment to Albert,
442
η
Müller,
to,
678
Nuremberg, bombing of,
210-11
Poincaré,
policy of,
83,
and n,
84
и
Reichenau, to,
666
replacement of, advised,
197
Romanian
démarche
to Russia,
564
Russia, mobilization,
221, 231;
war, de¬
claration of,
192, 195-6
Sazonov's formula,
57
Schoen,
communications between,
51, 41-
2, 175
Sverbeev, conversation with,
19, 61
Swiss neutrality,
687
Szögeny,
conversation with,
22, 284, 530
Theotokis, conversation with,
624, 634
Tirpitz, conversation with,
247, 249
Tokyo, to,
694
Tschirschky, communications between,
256-7, 263, 271, 279, 281, 283, 286-7,
293, 322-3, 336, 528, 531, 537, 553,
590,593-4
Turkey, a liability,
610;
accession to the
Triplice,
613;
alliance with Greece,
607-8;
declaration of war,
615;
rap¬
prochement with Central Powers,
610;
Turko-German
alliance,
616
Waidburg,
to,
564, 567
Waldthausen, to,
578
war, declaration of,
212
Wilhelm
IPs telegram to Francis Joseph,20
Zech, to,
658
INDEX
753
Janushkevich,
Russian
General,
Chief of the General Staff,
1914, 16, 130
Japan,
547
intervenes on side of the Entente,
693-9
neutrality, pronouncements on,
694
Austria-Hungary and:
general relations,
698
и
Germany and. See GfrmaNY
Great Britain and. See GREAT BRITAIN
Russia and:
general relations with,
694
Jaurès,
Madame,
87
Jaurès, Jean,
French Deputy,
141, 146
assassination of,
85-8
Franco-German rapprochement,
86
fonerai,
225
Izvolsky, policy of,
87
policy of,
86, 88
press attacks on,
86
Jellicoe, Admiral, Sir John,
371
Joffre, Joseph, French General, Chief of the Staff,
1911-14, 69,
91
n,
103
n,
205, 427-30, 432-3, 439-40, 522, 681
Albert, attitude of,
440
Belgian question, views of,
425-30
Cabinet attended by,
100
estimate as to forces available,
439
French plans of concentration,
427
frontier action of troops,
205
frontier
couverture,
66-70;
couverture
and call up of
reservists,
71
German intention to violate Belgian neutrality,
428-9;
German invasion,
522;
military measures,
67;
mobiliza¬
tion,
69;
ultimatum to Russia,
69
Luxemburg, neutrality question,
681, 684
Messimy, conversation with,
100;
note from,
69, 71, 99
mobilization,
91-2, 99-100
note by read at Cabinet meeting,
70, 71
и
Plan
XVI, 428
Poincaré,
meeting with,
1912, 419
policy towards war,
16
Selves,
de,
conversation with,
419
Johannisburg, Cossack advance on,
196
Joncherey incident,
205, 215
Jonescu, Take, Romanian Minister for the Interior,
1912-14,
552,571-5
Jordan, Christian,
74
Jouhaux,
Léon,
225
Journal
de Genève,
141
Journal
Officiel,
228
Jungbluth, General H., Chief of the Belgian General Staff,
1912,
424,431-2,437-8,474
Jusserand, J. J., French Ambassador at Washington,
1903-24,
162
Yugoslav problem,
284
Yugoslav State,
661
Kageneck, Count
von,
Major, German Military Attache at
Vienna,
1908-14, 49
Kailer, Admiral,
303
Kaiserin
Elizabeth, Austrian warship,
698 «
Karlsruhe,
209, 211-13, 218
Kato,
Baron Takaki, Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs,
1914-15,695-6
declaration by,
694
Japanese assurances as an ally,
695
Malevski, conversation with,
694
Rex, Count, conversation with,
694
speech by, in Parliament,
695, 698
Kautsky, Karl, German Deputy,
43, 107
n,
145, 216, 223,
232
Kavala,
603, 624, 626
Bulgaria and,
641
Greece and,
637, 639, 642-3
Kazan, military district of,
6, 29, 137
Kelly, W. A. H., Captain, British Naval Attache at Brussels,
1911-14,432
Kerensky, Alexander, Russian Deputy, President of the
Russian Republic,
1917, 144
Kerr, Edward Mark, British Admiral,
169
Kiamil Pasha, Turkish Grand Vizier,
1908-1909, 605
Kiao-Chow,
695-8
Kiel,
190, 250, 676
Kiev, military district of,
6, 29, 137
Kitchener of Khartoum, Herbert Horatio,
1st
Viscount,
British Field-Marshal, Agent and Consul-General in
Cairo,
1911-14, 371, 482, 512
Kleist,
Lieut-Col,
von,
German Military Attache at Rome
(1914), 546
Pollio, conversation with,
305-6
Victor Emmanuel, audience with,
326-331. 333
Klobukowski, A. W., French Minister at Brussels,
1914, 89,
435, 440, 442
n,
444-5,448, 466, 468,471, 503
Bassompierre, conversation with,
449
Davignon, assurances to,
450;
conversation with,
447,
467;
personal sketch of,
445
declaration of Belgian neutrality,
449
dispatches to Paris,
452, 464, 466-7, 471
n,
504
η
Eist,
van
der,
conversation with,
446-7
Gaiffier, conversation with,
466
German influence in Belgium,
440;
ultimatum,
468
Klüber,
audience with King Albert,
443
Kluck, General Alexander
von, 460
η
Knollys, Francis,
1st
Viscount, private secretary to H.M.
Edward
VII
and H.M. George V,
371
Knox, Lieut.-Col. A. W. F. British Military
Attaché
at St.
Petersburg,
1914, 137
Koblenz,
209, 211
Kočana,600,641
Korrespondenz-Büro, 260
Köstring,
German First Lieut.,
33
Kriege,
J., Head of Legal Section at the German Foreign
Ministry,
1914, 193, 195-196,201
Krivoshein, A. V., Russian Minister for Agriculture,
1906-
15, 182
754
THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
1914
Kropotkin,
88
Krupensky,
A. S.,
Russian Ambassador at
Rome,
1912-17
Austro-Hungarian ultimatum to Serbia,
264-5.
personality of,
3 3 9
Romanian attitude,
30
η
Salandra, conversation with.
264-5
San Giuliano, conversation'with,
265-6,
268, 270,303
η
Kruse,
J. C. W.,
Danish Foreign Ministry
Official,
675
Kudashev, J., Russian Minister at Brussels,
1910-14,
Sazonov, to,
467
Kudashev, N., Counsellor at Russian Em¬
bassy at Vienna,
1912-14, 528
Kuhl, General H.
von, 237
Kühlmann,
Richard
von,
German Charge
d'Affaires
at Tangier,
1904-5;
Counsellor
of Embassy at London,
1908-14, 376, 478
Lafont, ERNEST, French Deputy,
148
Laguiche,
de,
General, French Military
Attaché
at St. Petersburg,
72
Lahovary,
А. В.,
Romanian Minister at
Paris,
1908-18.
Lardy, conversation wirh,
93, 687
Margerie. conversation with,
93
Szécsen,
conversation with,
93;
Szécsen
episode,
94, 96, 687
Vesnić,
conversation with,
93
Lahovary, John, Romanian Conservative
Member, speech by at Crown Council,
573-4
Lalaing, Count
H. de,
Belgian Minister at
London,
1903-15
Grey, conversation with,
4 3 7
Landrecies, pseud.,
433
Langie, Swiss cipher clerk,
689
Lansdowne, 5th Marquess of, British Secre¬
tary of State for Foreign Affairs,
1900-5,
398,481
Lansing, Robert, U.S. Secretary of State for
Foreign Affairs,
474
Lardy, Karl. Swiss Minister at Paris,
1883-
1917,687
Call at
Quai d'Orsay,
93
Lahovary, conversation with,
93, 687
Szécsen
episode,
96
Lavisse, E., French historian,
142
Law, Andrew
Bonar,
British Member of
Parliament,
366-7, 396-9, 403, 481, 510
Laxa,
W.,
Austrian Military Attache,
Sofía,
392
Lazare,
Bernard, French revisionist,
155
Ledere,
Léon,
French historian,
444
n,
456,
458, 468,
Ledebour, C, German Deputy,
440
Leman,
Belgian General, Governor of Liege,
438,446, 460
n,
469, 679
Leontiev, Russian Military
Attaché
at
Constantinople,
618-9
Leopold I, King of the Belgians,
1831-65,
413
Leopold II, King of the Belgians,
1865-
1909,414,416
Schlieffenplan^l?
Wilhelm
II, Belgian compensation at
expense of France,
454;
conversation with,
417;
policy
towards Belgium,
417, 456;
proposals
of
1904, 472
Lerchenfeld,
Count
von,
Bavarian Minister
at Berlin,
1880-1919, 7, 17-18, 39, 516
n
Bethtnann Hoflweg, conversation
with,
17,302
German mobilization,
171
Hertling, to,
33, 302
Report on the situation, July
1914, 30
Leuckart,
Freiherr von,
Saxon Military
Plenipotentiary at Berlin,
8
n
Leygues, Georges, French Minister,
94, 622
Liberal
691
Libyan campaign,
275, 280, 304-5, 310, 321,
337
Lichnowsky, Prince
von,
First Secretary at
German Embassy at Vienna,
1896;
Ambassador at London,
1912-14, 379,
382,395,479
Asquith, conversation with,
399-401, 477
Belgium, ultimatum to,
202
Berlin, dispatches from and to,
4, 5,
20-22, 40-1, 50-3, 57, 117, 125, 129,
135-6, 175, 203, 207, 212, 233, 381,
383-4, 386, 399, 476-80, 489
Bethmann Hollweg, communications be¬
tween. See Bethmann Hollweg
Bonham Carter, conversation with,
379
British intervention,
400, 479
communiqué
to press, restraint of naval
action,
477
forebodings,
50
French neutrality,
194, 223, 380-6
frontier incidents,
206
Germany and British neutrality,
171, 175.
179,380-6,399-403,515-16
Grey, conversations with. See Grey
Jagow, communications between. See
above Lichnowsky, Berlin, dispatches
Page, conversation with,
501
state of war notified,
500-1
Tyrrell, Sir W., conversation with,
136,
171-2. 178, 342, 382-3, 386-8, 392
Lichtervelde, Louis
Comte,
444
Liebaert, M.,
462
Liebknecht, Karl, 88
Liege,
68, 423, 426, 433, 459-60, 465-6, 469-
70, 472
Ligue d'Education
Morale,
144
Ligue des droits de l'homme,
94, 142 «3,
151-157,159,161-3
Ligue des Patritotes,
225
Lille,
418
Limburg,
Dutch, neutrality of,
445-6
Liman
von Sanders, Otto,
Prussian
Gen¬
eral,
Head of
Military Mission
to
Turkey,
546, 606, 614-15, 635
INDEX
755
Limpus,
Α. Η.,
British Admiral, Command
of the Turkish Fleet,
1913-14, 605
Livro Branco,
Portugal,
690
Lloyd George, David, British Chancellor
of the Exchequer,
1908-15;
Prime
Minister,
1916-22, 365-6, 370-1, 397-
398, 405-06, 408, 482-3, 490, 499, 518-
19,521, 524
Agadir
crisis,
483
attitude to the war,
482
awaiting German reply,
499
Belgian neutrality,
518
British participation in
1914
war,
524-5
Cabinet knowledge and discussions,
364-5
Cabinet meeting,
3
Aug.,
483
Cambon, Paul,
398, 402
City rumors,
376;
financial representa¬
tions,
377-8
Germany and Belgium,
483, 521
Grey's speech,
488;
treaty pledges to
Belgium,
519
policy of,
1911, 189,370
warlike popular opinion,
408
Lo kal-
Anzeiger, 10
London Treaty of
1867, 401, 681, 683-4
Longwy,
203, 205
Lorraine,
237-8, 240
Loudon, J.
Jonkheer,
Dutch Minister for
Foreign Affairs,
1913-18, 445-6, 472,
677-8O
Louis
Napoléon,
414
Louis Philippe, King of the French,
414
Lovčen,
289, 297, 301, 309-10, 333, 647-
648,650,651
η,
652
Lowther, Lieut.-Col. H. C, British Mili¬
tary
Attaché
at Paris,
1905-9
Rivas de,
conversation with,
424
Lowther, Sir Henry, British Minister at
Copenhagen,
674
Lukács, L.,
Hungarian Prime Minister,
1913,
552
Lunéville,
206
Lutz,
Hermann, German historian, Mem¬
ber of the Commission of Inquiry, res¬
ponsibilities for the war,
240, 420
n,
470
and«,
516, 519
Luxemburg, Grand Duchy of:
historical note,
681
neutrality of, Treaty of London,
1867,
401,681,683-4
France and:
neutrality of,
202-3, 430, 684
Germany and:
arrest of Luxemburg officials,
204
military movements and strategy,
241,
507
neutrality of,
401-2, 407-8
occupation of,
170, 175-81, 186, 197-
204, 223-4, 226-7, 244, 453, 455,
681-5
Lyautey, French General,
692
Lyncker, Baron
von,
German General, Chief
of the Military Cabinet,
1913, 169, 178
Macchio, Karl
Freiherr, von,
Official
of the Austro-Hungarian Ministry for
Foreign Affairs,
1912-14
Avama, conversation with,
258, 272, 286
Dumaine, conversation with,
534-5, 539
Italy, compensations to,
281-2
Macedonia:
Bulgaria and,
587, 597-8, 636, 640, 642
Bulgarian aspirations in,
588-9, 597
Bulgarian Comitaji,
589, 602
Russia and:
Bulgaria to abstain from trouble in,
599
Serbia and,
641
Turkey and:
sovereignty,
582
McKenna, Rt. Hon. Reginald, Home Secre¬
tary,
1911-15,366,403,499
Macleay, R., First Secretary of the British
Legation at Brussels,
424
MacMurray, John van
Α.,
American
Charge
d'Affaires
in China,
1913, 696-
697
Magrini, Luciano,
184
n,
661
Berchtold, conversation with,
529
Hoyos,
conversation with,
651
Mahmud,
Shevket Pasha, Grand Vizier of
Turkey,
1913, 605, 606
Mainz,
209
Majorescu, Tito, Romanian Prime Minister
and Foreign Minister,
1912-14, 549
Malevski-Malevic,
Nikolaj
Α.,
Russian
Ambassador at Tokyo,
1908-14, 694
Manchester Guardian Weekly,
518
Mancini
Declaration,
1882, 343-4
Manouba incident,
337,357
Marburg,
T.,
United States Minister at
Brussels,
472
Margerie, Bruno Jacquin
de,
Political
Director at French Ministry for
Foreign Affairs,
1912-14, 67, 85, 89,
154
Austrian and Russian mobilization,
119
Austrian priority of mobilization,
140
Belgium, neutrality of,
89
Bertie, conversation with,
118-19, 123
England, attitude of,
163
French mobilization,
74
German declaration of war,
216-17
Izvolsky, conversation with,
73, 85,
111
Lahovary, conversation with,
93
Russian mobilization,
123
Schoen's interview with Viviani,
76
Szécsen
episode,
94;
conversation with,
119-20;
letter to,
96
Viviani's telegram to
Paléologue,
77
Vesnic
received by,
93
Marghiloman,
Alexander, Romanian Min¬
ister for Finance,
1912-13, 55 5
n,
573,
575
Margueritte, Victor, French revisionist,
editor of Evolution,
156
Marie, Queen of Romania,
572
Marie
Adelheid,
Grand Duchess of Luxem¬
burg,
202,682
756
THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
1914
Maritza line,
605, 608
Markov, P. R., General, Bulgarian Minister
in Berlin, to King Ferdinand,
585-6
Marne,
247, 342, 434
и,
472, 478, 505, 507
Martin, William, Director of Protocol
at
Quai d'Orsay,
379-80
Martini, Ferdinando, Italian Colonial Min¬
ister,
1914
Barreré,
conversation with,
340
Martino, Giacomo de,
Secretary General at
the Italian Ministry for Foreign Affairs,
1913-19, 264-6, 270, 278, 555
Marxism,
Jaurès
and,
85
Masurian Lakes,
238
Mathieu de Vienne,
Louis, Counsellor at
French Embassy at Madrid,
1914, 691
Matin,
81, 93,96, 115
Mattino,
362
Maurice, Major-General Sir Frederick,
509
Maurras, Charles, French writer,
87
Maxse, Leo J., editor of the National Reveiw,
376,397
Mediterranean
:
Austria and naval situation,
536-9
British interests in,
485
French Fleet, in
485
French-Italian joint action in,
304
Germany navy,
337
и
Naval Agreement, France and Great
Britain,
1912,393-4
Naval Agreements, Triple Alliance,
305
naval movements in,
336-7
η
Mehmed Talaat Bey. See Talaat Bey
Mehmedbašić,
Mohamed,
Sarajevo con¬
spirator,
652
Melotte, Major, Belgian Military
Attaché
at
Berlin,
442
и
Mendelssohn-Bartholdy,
Α.,
German his¬
torian,
474
Mensdorff, Pouilly-Dietrichstein, Count
Albert, Austro-Hungarian Ambassa¬
dor at London,
1904-14, 535
Berchtold, to,
542
Grey, conversation with,
235, 390, 535,
542,544
Tyrrell, conversation with,
535
Merey
von Kapos-Mere,
Kajetan,
Austrian
Delegate to Hague Peace Conference,
Ambassador at Rome,
1910-15, 258,
283,651
Avarna, conversation with,
323
Berchtold, communications between,
260, 272-4, 279-80, 286, 288-9, 291,
2934 299. 302, 309. 313-16, 321, 323,
329,332-5,555
Biancheri, conversation with,
273
illness of,
260, 339
Italophobia,
274
Italy and
Triplice
Treaty,
354;
assur¬
ances of friendship,
263;
compensa¬
tions to Italy,
271-6, 284, 288-9, 290-
291, 293-4;
neutrality of Italy,
275
n,
291,313-16,318,321
Jagow, to,
336
η
Merey
von Kapos-Mere—
continued
San Giuliano,
conversation with,
274,
279, 288, 298-9, 301, 313-16, 334, 352-
354;
refusal to meet,
289;
San Giuli-
ano's hint about
Trentino,
331-7
Triple Alliance, interpretation,
352-3
Merry del
Val,
Cardinal, conversation with
Count
Pállfy,
361
Messimy,
Adolph,
French Minister for
War,
1914-15, 67, 78
η
British Expeditionary Force,
510
и,
511
frontier incidents,
205;
neutral zone,
108
Ignatiev, advice to,
83;
conversation
with, in,
182
Izvolsky, conversation with,
85, 91
Joffre, conversation with,
100;
note to,
69,71,99
mobilization, French,
91, 102
Poincaré,
conversation with,
108;
Poin-
caré-Viviani
conference,
78
η
Recouly, conversation with,
71
и,
78
η,
100
Viviani, conversation with,
103
Metz, 149, 237-8, 243
Meuse,
246
η,
446,459, 460
η,
462
Michahelles, Gustav,
German
Minister
at
Sofía,
1913-16.
Dispatches to and from Berlin,
588, 590,
593,595
Radoslavov, conversation with,
588
Zimmermann,
to,
583
Michel, Victor Constant, General, Chief
of French General Staff, German viola¬
tion of Belgium,
427
Michel, General A. E., Belgian Minister for
War,
1912
Belgian neutrality,
432
Bridges, conversation with,
432
Kelly, conversation with,
432
Mihailović, L.,
Serbian
Chargé
d'Affaires
at
Rome,
1913-14, 97, 266, 269-70
Millerand,
Alexandre,
French Minister for
War,
1912-13, 242, 429-30
Milner, Lord,
510
Mirbach-Harff, N., Count
von,
at German
Ministry for Foreign Affairs,
1911-15,
169
n
Mityléně,
sovereignty of,
607, 609, 627
Mlava,
33
Mobilization:
dates and time of,
104, 121
n,
122, 148,
150
meaning of,
106
war, in relation to,
60, 105-8
See also under the names of the Powers
Moldavia,
548
Mollard, Armand
Georges, French Minister
at Luxemburg,
1914, 204, 683-4
Moltke, Count G., Danish Minister at
Berlin,
1914,
conversation with Jagow,
674-5
Moltke,
Hellmuth von,
Prussian Field-
Marshal, Chief of the General Staff,
1868-90
German plan of campaign,
416
n,
417
INDEX
757
Moltke, Hellmuth von,
German
General,
Chief
of the
General
Staff,
1906-14,
24, 174-6, 178,240
Albert
I, statement to, at Potsdam,
442
η,
443
Austro-Hungarian action after Russian
mobilization,
8, 12-13, 23,46-7;
Austrian
mobilization,
231
Belgium, attitude to,
421, 441, 469, 470
n,
493;
ultimatum to,
454
Bethmann Hollweg, conversation and
relations with. See BETHMANN HOLL-
WEG
Bethmann Hollweg, Falkenhayn, con¬
ference,
34
Bethmann Hollweg, Falkenhayn, Tir-
pitz meeting,
6
Biernerth, conversation with,
9
n,
23, 26,
47
bombing, false reports of,
211
Biilow, conversation with,
201;
to Billow,
421
collapse of,
251
Conrad, conversations, correspondence,
etc., between. See Conrad
diplomatic abilities of,
198
Dutch neutrality,
238-42, 446
encroachment on Chancellor's functions,
13
Fleischmann,
conversation with,
7-9, 49,
236
France, neutrality of,
174, 241;
plan of
campaign,
433;
war with,
442
n;
declaration of,
195, 197, 198
frontier incidents,
206, 209
Germany as an aggressor,
244;
military
situation favorable,
33
Great Britain, neutrality of,
172-3, 493
Haeften, conversation with,
24, 32
Hell, conversation with,
33
illusions,
197-204
Italy, compensations to,
284;
neutrality
of,
336 «,
support of,
317;
Triple
Alliance and,
283
Kageneck, message to,
49
Kriegsgefahrzustand, 6, 9, 10, 26, 28
Luxemburg, occupation of,
176-7, 202
Melotte, conversation with,
442
η
memoranda by,
7, 26, 198, 421, 667, 694
mobilization by Germany,
8, 9, 11, 13,
23, 25-6, 169, 171, 176, 199, 233, 243
peace, rejection of proposals,
24
personality of,
8, 178, 251
plan of campaign, invasion of Belgium,
242,381,434,455
policy of,
45, 473
Russia, mobilization,
8, 25-6, 29, 32, 39,
172, 221, 230;
war declared on,
195-6
Schlieffen plan,
238-42
speech by, to King Albert,
437
strategic policy,
237
Tirpitz, conversation with,
192
Turkish Alliance,
1914, 615
war, attitude towards,
6-13, 16, 24
n,
37-
38, 65, 179, 192-3, 212, 252, 236, 244,
441,516
Moltke
Hellmuth von—
continued
Wilhelm
II, influence on Moltke,
3, 8;
conversation with,
6, 172, 177, 682;
views of,
12-13;
warning of impending
war,
440-3
Monatti, French socialist,
141
Montanari,
С,
Italian Colonel,
308, 310
Montenegro:
Anti-Austrian demonstrations,
652
Balkan League,
653
mobilization,
656
Narodna Stranka,
647
neutrality of,
289, 301, 333, 650-1, 656
Sarajevo outrage, attitude to,
651-2
Austria-Hungary and. See AUSTRIA-HUN¬
GARY
Italy and,
282
Russia and:
distrust of Cetinje,
646-50
military convention,
646
mobilization, effect on,
659
regarded as a vassal state,
646
Russian Military Mission,
646
subsidy to,
646-7, 649-50
Serbia and:
Austrian ultimatum to Serbia,
653
Montenegro makes common cause
with, Chapt.
XVI, 646-61
Turkey and:
war declared on,
1912, 646
Montgelas, Count Max, German General,
3, 14
n,
38, 67-8, 83-4, 107, 143, 200, 207,
209-11, 412, 433,456, 474
Montsigny,
208
Morel, Edmund D., British M.P.,
416
Morgenthau, H., United States Ambassador
in Turkey,
1913-17, 620-1
Morhardt,
Mathias,
General Secretary of
the
Ligue des Droits de l'Homme,
93, 144,
151-5
Morley,
John (later
1st
Viscount Morley of
Blackburn), Lord President of the
Council,
1910-14, 369-73, 388, 403,
405-6,409,482-3, 517-18
Belgian question,
517-18
Burns, conversation with,
405
Cabinet meeting of
3
Aug.,
483
Cabinet warning to Germany,
403-4
Memorandum,
368, 516
policy of,
366, 370
protection of French coasts,
405
resignation of,
403-9, 482-3, 509
warning to German Ambassador,
388
Morocco,
1905-6, 85, 344, 484
Moscow, district,
6, 137
Moselle,
246
η
Mühlmann, Carl, 620-1
Mülhaus, 208
Müller, F. von,
German
Minister
at The
Hague,
1908-15,204,678-9
Müller, Georg Alexander von,
German
Admiral,
Chief
of
Naval Cabinet,
1906-1918
Letter to George V,
174
Müller von
Szentgyörgy, L.,
Baron,
758
THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
1914
Muller
von Szentgyörgy
—
continued
Austro-Hungarian Ambassador at Tokyo,
1912-14,698«
Munch, P., Danish Minister for War,
1914,
Muret,
Maurice, French writer,
161
и
Musulin
von
Gomirje, Alexander, Head of
Chancery at Austro-Hungarian Ministry
for Foreign Affairs,
258
NAMUR,
423,426, 443, 459,461
Nancy,
206
Nantes, congress at,
1922, 151
Napoleon III, Emperor of the French,
415
Benedetti
draft treaty,
1866, 414
National Review,
376,397
Naumann,
Victor, German publicist,
524
Navarino, battle of,
624
Nazim Pasha, Turkish Minister for War,
605
Negrotto-Cambiasc,
Lazzaro,
Italian Min¬
ister at Cetinje,
1911-15,654
Nekludov,
Α.,
Russian Counsellor of Em¬
bassy at Paris,
1909-10,
Minister at Sofia,
1911-13,665,668
Neratov,
Μ. Α. Α.,
Russian Under-Secretary,
1911-14;
Acting Minister for Foreign
Affairs,
55, 649-50
Neues
Wiener Tagblatt,
9
Neustadt-an-der-Hardt,
209
Nevin,
Allan,
170
Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia,
1894-1917.
audience with General Staff Committee,
124
Austrian mobilization, priority of,
138-
141;
compels Russia to mobilize,
126
British support to France and Russia,
appeal for,
126
Buchanan, conversation with,
65, 131,
132«
Carol, King, telegram to,
569
George V, communications between,
51,
52, 62, 117-18, 125-35, 138-40, 150
n,
375«, 378-9
Germany, conversations will continue,
117;
declaration of war,
184
n; demand
for demobilization,
180
marginal note by,
643
mediation, steps on,
32, 160
и;
appeal for
mediation of
Wilhelm
II,
2, 3, 12, 22,
32,37,70,139,167-8,221
minute by,
60
mobilization, Russian,
18, 56, 60, 65, 124-
6, 130, 144-5, 151, 161
n,
231
negotiations after mobilization,
80
peace, efforts for,
56, 179
personality of,
134
Pourtalès,
conversation with,
55-6, 61
war, reassurance, during negotiations,
61
Wilhelm
И,
assurances exchanged,
126,
530;
communications between,
2-7, 11-
12, 15, 47, 51-2, 55-62, 64, 124, 130,
134,139, 176, 179-80, 184
Wilson, President, reply from Tsar,
700
Nicholas, King of Montenegro,
1860-1919.
Alexander, Prince, telegram to,
655-8
Austria-Hungary, feelers for an agree¬
ment,
646-50;
policy towards,
650,
653
Giers, conversation with,
654, 657, 660
Giesl, conversation with,
647
independence of Montenegro,
656
personality of,
650
Otto, conversation with,
652-3
Plamenac,
conversation with,
649
η
pro-Austrian attitude after Sarajevo,
650-
3
Serbo-Montenegrin union opposed,
648-
649, 654
war, attitude to,
661 ;
dragged into,
658-61
Wilson, President, letter from,
661;
to,
661«
Nicholas, Prince, of Greece,
638
Nicolai,
Colonel W., Director of Military
Intelligence, German General Staff,
26
Nicolson, Sir Arthur (since
1916, 1st
Baron
Camock), British Ambassador at Madrid,
1905-6;
at St. Petersburg,
1906-10;
Permanent Under-Secretary of State for
Foreign Affairs,
1910-16
Balfour's
attitude to intervention,
398-9
Belgian
neutrality,
431, 435
Cambon, Paul,
594,
430-1 Carlin,
conversation with,
686-7
Goschen,
letter from,
32, 180 «
Grey,
conversation with,
394
Grey, to,
374
Villiers, Sir Francis, to,
43 5
Nicolson, Harold George,
379, 394-5,
436-7, 500-1
Letter and passports to
Lichnowsky,
500-1
Nish,
597
Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, 24
Northcliffe, Alfred
С.
W. Harmsworth,
1st
Baron, newspaper proprietor,
377
Northumberland, Duke of,
397
Norway:
Entente, sympathies for,
672-3
neutrality, Anglophil character of,
672-3;
by agreement with Sweden
and Denmark,
671-2;
safeguarding steps taken by,
672;
will be defended,
673
Sweden and:
Norway must take same line as,
670
Noske, German Deputy,
440
Novorossisk,
617
Novibazar, Sanjak of, Agreement of
1909,
276
Nuremberg, false report of bombing of,
207,209-19
Obruchev, Russian General, Chief of the
Staff,
1881-98,106
Odessa,
6, 29, 137,617
Oliphant,
Lancelot, Clerk, British Foreign
Office,
500
INDEX
759
Oman, Professor,
С
W.
С,
144
Opinion,
149
Orange Book. See RUSSIA
Osservatore
Romano,
361-2
Osterreichisch-ungarisches Kotbuch,
1916,
576, 578-9
Otto, E., Austro-Hungarian Minister at
Cetinje,
1909-14
Dispatches from,
652, 655, 660-1
Montenegro and Austro-Serbian conflict,
654
mobilization reported,
656
Nicholas, King, conversation with,
652-
653
passports handed to,
660
Plamenac,
conversation with,
652, 656,
660
Page, Walter
H.,
U.S. Ambassador at
London,
1913-18.
Dispatches from,
696, 698-700
George V, audience with,
701
Grey, conversation with,
498, 696, 698-
Lichnowsky, conversation with,
501
Pages, G.,
146
Paléologue,
Maurice, French Diplomatic
^^nw-a"d Consul-General (since
1909
Minister) at Sofia,
1907-12;
Poli¬
tical Director at Ministry for Foreign
Affairs
1912-14;
Ambassador at St.
■
И
_
.л. /ъ лш гщ
L_t
— - _ _
Л
f\
-*
7, 58, 83,
ї
Austrian mobilization,
138, 140-1, 145
В
ru
gere
plan,
419
Buchanan, conversation with,
129
BuchanjSazonov, meetings with,
128-
Carlotti, conversation with
267
France and Belgian n3'267
zation,
zTtîSn
ìoTJ Of ¿A; mobili-
zation, 1U3-4
пп і
!c
.^.
i
on France,
417-18 '
P °
ir'S mrdm
-
Belgian neu-
to George
V,
130,
?'
71, 72,79, 88-
,
135, 145-6, 151-
2, 158,160
Sazonov, conversatlon
Viviani, communicat; L ^
69, 76-80, 88
9i atIons
between,
66,
113, 115,120.]
|
ЬН ЮЗ,
107-11,
158,163,185
l3°
4
Wilhelm U's
tele
Yellow Book,
121
Pallavicini, Count jnK
Hungarian Amh nn von' Austro-
nople,
1906-18
finSador at
Constanti-
Austrian hesitation
ľk
611
Austrian ultimatum ^b°ut Bulgaria,
614
Berchtold, to,
608
serbia,
613
>
139, 147, 151-4,
t0 Nicholas II,
139
Pallavicini, Count
—
continued
Bulgarian-Turkish negotiations,
615
Said
Halim
Pasha, conversation with,
610-11
Toshev, conversation with,
616
Turkey and the
Triplice,
610
Turkey, Greece, Romania, warning
against an alliance,
610, 612
Pállfy,
Count, Austrian Minister to the
Vatican, conversation with Cardinal
Merry del
Val,
361
Palmerston, Lord Henry John, British
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,
1830-41,413
Panafieu, Hector
A. de,
French Minister at
Sofia,
1912-15, 584, 596
Pan-Slavism,
360
Pantaleoni, Maffeo, Italian nationalist,
359-
360
Paris, mobilization scenes,
107
Paris-Midi,
86
Paris, Treaty of
1856, 548
Pašić,
Nicholas, Serbian Prime Minister and
Minister for Foreign Affairs,
1906-
18, 59
и,
558,600,603
Alexandropulos, conversation with,
630
Austrian frontier, troops on,
633
Bulgaria, concessions to,
588, 641
Greek support,
630, 632
Ištip
and Radovic,
642
Putnik,
letter to,
59
Russian moderating influence at Sofia,
598;
Russian policy,
59;
subsidy to
Montenegro,
649
n
Strandtmann, conversation with,
598, 600
Peace Conference,
1919, 144
Pease, Rt. Hon. Joseph Albert, President
Board of Education,
1911, 370, 405
Pellet, Marcellin, French Minister at The
Hague,
1906-15, 677-8
Pendezec, General, Chief of the French
General Staff,
418-19
Penfíeld, F. C,
U.S. Ambassador at Vienna,
(1914),
Francis Joseph, audience with,
701
Perein,
French General,
418
Persia,
547
Pétain,
Henri P.
В.,
French General,
418
Peter the Great,
607
Peter, King of Serbia,
1903-21.
accession of,
647, 649
Constantine,
King, messages to,
632
Peter, Prince, of Montenegro,
647
Pichón,
Stephan,
French Minister for
Foreign Affairs,
1906-11, 162
Pinon, Rene,
162
Plamenac,
Peter, Montenegrin Minister for
Foreign Affairs,
1913-15, 649
n.
Austria, assurances of
désintéressement
asked for,
658;
friendly feelings
towards,
653;
no intention of attack¬
ing,
658
Cattaro expulsions,
655
Delaroche-
Vernét,
conversation with,
654
760
THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
1914
Plamenac,
Peter
—
continued
Giers, conversation with,
660
Negrotto, conversation with,
654
Nicholas, King, conversation with,
649
η
Otto, conversation with,
652, 656, 660
Serbia, intervention on side of,
660;
Montenegro could not betray,
654
Zech, conversation with,
654, 658
Plessen, Hans G. H.
von,
German Colonel-
General, Adjutant-General of
Wilhelm
II,
12, 169, 197
Pohl,
Admiral, German Naval Chief of
General Staff,
190
Pohl, Heinrich, 412
Poincaré,
Raymond, French Senator, Min¬
ister for Finance,
1906;
Prime Minister
and Minister for Foreign Affairs,
1912-13;
President of the Republic,
1913-20, 58, 67-72, 74, 76, 77
n,
80
n,
83-5, 88-92, 99
n,
103
and n,
106,
110, 113, 118, 121
n,
130
и,
139, 161,
185-6, 202, 211, 214-15, 218, 225-6,
229, 242, 376, 394, 408, 503-4, 511,
541,643,664
Austrian mobilization,
116, 118, 139
Belgian neutrality,
89,429-30
Berthelot,
communications between,
95-
96,145
Bertie, conversation with,
116-18, 123,
139-40, 163
Blum, indictment of,
149
Buisson,
exchange of letters,
151-2
Cambon, Paul, to,
43
1
Couverture,
authorized,
70
French foreign policy,
80-1
George V, letter from,
66-70, 80, 379-
380,503
German cipher code,
214
Germany: attack on France through
Belgium,
438;
declaration of war,
185, 218;
mobilization,
84, 103
Great Britain, attitude of,
163
Guillaume,
conversation with,
438
Italy, anti-Italian policy,
357
Izvolsky, conversation with,
95, 185, 570,
664
Jaurès,
murder of,
87;
policy of,
88
Joffre, meeting with,
1912, 419
lectures in
1921, 145-51, 158-60
Ligue des Droits de l'Homme,
151-7
Manouba
and Carthage
incidents,
337, 357
message
to Parliament,
225-9
Messimy,
conversation
with,
108
mobilization and martial law,
106;
mobi¬
lization is not war,
107;
mobilization,
91, 102, 110, 145;
dates of, Austrian
and Russian,
116, 146,159, 163-4
policy of,
83-84, 85, 146,149
'Responsibility for the War, article by,
161, 164-5
Russia: mobilization,
66, 71, 114, 123;
policy toward Russia,
83
Schoen, Viviani
conversation,
74, 76, 102
Schoen'
s
warning to France,
75
Poincaré,
Raymond
—
continued
speech by,
81, 148
Sweden: attitude of,
547;
pacific assur¬
ances,
664
Szécsen
episode,
94
Transylvania offered to Romania,
570
Union, l',
Sacrée,
and the admission of
the truth,
157-61
visit to St. Petersburg,
86, 664-5
Viviani,
Schoen'
s démarche,
78
Viviani and
Paléologue
telegram,
90;
conversation with,
78, 116;
defense of,
150;
speech in Parliament,
228-9
war, avoidance of,
81;
inevitable,
69
Wilhelm
II,
Vergi. Geschichtstabellen,
152
Wilson, President, reply to,
700-1
Yellow Book, explanations of,
146, 157-161
Poklevski-Koziell, S.
Α.,
Russian Minister
at Bucharest,
1913-17, 558-60
Bratianu, conversation with,
569-70
Francis Ferdinand, assassination of,
552-
553
Romanian neutrality,
569-71
Sazonov, to,
552, 570
Pokrovski,
Μ. Ν.,
Russian historian,
144,
152
Pollio, Alberto, Italian General, Chief of
Staff,
1908-14, 688
Conrad, military exchange of views,
306,
308
death of,
306
Delmé-Radcliffe,
conversation with,
686
Italian offers of military help,
304;
use of
troops against Russia,
306
Kleist,
conversation with,
305-6
military assistance to Germany, and
Austria,
308
Triple Alliance, ardour for,
303-4, 327
Popolo d'Italia,
362
Popolo
Romano,
318, 362
Port Arthur,
695
Portugal:
Germany declares war on,
691
Great Britain and. See Great Britain
Porumbaro,
N.
E., Romanian Minister
for Foreign Affairs,
558, 571
η
Posen, 52, 233
Post, Die,
416
Potapov, N., Russian General, Military
Attache at Cetinje,
1912-14, 646-7
Potiorek,
Oskar,
Austrian General, Gover¬
nor of Bosnia-Herzegovina,
1911-14, 591
Potsdam Crown Council,
5, 7, 24
η
Poulpiquet
du Halgouet,
de, Vicomte,
French
Chargé d'Affaires
at Athens,
1912,
640
Pourtalès,
Count
Friedrich
von,
German
Ambassador at St. Petersburg,
1907-14; 14
и,
19,26,55-7, 182-4
Bethmann Hollweg, communications
and dispatches. See Bethmann
Hollweg
démarche
by,
104
declaration of war on Russia,
126, 130-
131,136 η,
181-6, 193
INDEX
761
Pourtalès,
Count
—
continued
departure from Russia,
181-4
efforts to avert the catastrophe,
55
Fredericks, letter from,
64, 182
German mobilization,
76, 104, 120;
ulti¬
matum to Russia,
61-5;
Russian reply
to,
168
Neratov, conversation with,
55
Nicholas II, conversation with,
55-6, 61
Russian mobilization,
6, 8, 9, 12, 29, 30,
33, 51, 62, 70, 114;
warning to Russia,
42, 220, 222
Sazonov, conversation with,
1, 18, 34,
42-3, 55, 61-3, 103 124, 166, 168, 182-4,
530
Sazonov, peace formula,
60
Schilling, conversation with,
130, 182
silence of,
223
Prague, Treaty of,
1866, 673
Pravda,
144
Pribram, A. F.,
304-5, 343, 347, 358
Price, Philips, English journalist,
144
Prinetti,
Giulio,
Italian Minister for Foreign
Affairs,
1901-3
Prinetti-Barrère
agreement,
1902, 342
Triple Alliance, renewal of,
344
Prussia, East,
52, 233, 238
Puaux, Rene,
9
n,
206
Putnik,
Radomír,
Voivod,
Serbian General,
Chief of Staff,
1914, 59
QUADT, ALBERT Count
VON,
German Min¬
ister at Athens,
1912-15, 625, 635, 639
Radev, S., Bulgarian Minister at Bucharest,
1913-16,566,581 «,589
Radoslavov, V., Bulgarian Prime Minister,
1913-18, 550, 584, 589, 599, 602
Austrian ultimatum to Serbia,
588
Austro-Bulgarian alliance, draft
589-90
Bulgaria, guarantee to,
602-3;
neutrality
of,
566;
Bulgarian-Turkish Treaty,
616
Michahelles,
conversation with,
588
Radev, to,
566
Savinsky, and,
588-9;
conversation with,
600
Tarnowski,
conversation with,
586, 616
Turkey, rapprochement with,
616
Radovic,
601,642
Raisp, Austro-Hungarian Rear-Admiral,
Naval Representative with Army
Supreme Command
Conrad, conversation with,
536
Rappaport,
Α.,
661
Rasputin, Russian monk,
176
Ratiboř,
Prince Max
von,
German Minis¬
ter at Belgrade,
1906-9;
Ambassador at
Madrid,
1910-18, 692
Recouly, Raymond, French author,
78
n,
103
n,
107
n,
108
n,
368, 393, 406-7,
520
Cambon, Paul, conversation with,
404,
520
Recouly, Raymond
—
continued
Messimy, conversation with,
71
n,
78
n,
100
mobilization in France,
107
Red Book, Austrian. See AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
Reichenau, F. von,
German Minister at
Stockholm,
1911-14, 666, 667, 670
Wallenburg, conversation with,
664
Remereville,
206
Renouvin, Professor, Pierre,
113
и,
152-8,
161-2,215
Renner,
Captain, German Military Attache
at London
(1914), 477 ,
Repington, Colonel Charles
À
Court,
British military writer,
430
Responsibility for the war. See WAR
Resto del Carlino,
ЪЫ
Review of Reviews,
508
Revue
(La) Belge,
444
Revue
des Deux Mondes,
140, 145-6, 151,
419,443-4, 453, 471, 549.572
Revue
d'Histoire de la
Guerre
Mondiale
444,
456,676
Revue
Militaire Suisse,
688
Rex, Count
von,
German Ambassador at
Tokyo,
1911-14,
Kato,
conversation with,
694
Rheinbaben, Major
von, 219
Rhine, fortified line of,
237
Rhineland, invasion of,
243
Rhine Province,
238
Ridder,
Alfred
de, 444
Ritter,
О.
Baron
von,
Bavarian Minister
at the Vatican,
1909-14, 360
Rivas,
Colonel, J. R.
de,
Spanish Military
Attache at Paris,
1909-20,
Lowther,
conversation with,
424
Rizov, D., Bulgarian Minister at Rome,
1909-14,581
η
Roberts, Frederick Sleigh, Earl, British
Field-Marshal,
506, 510-11
w
Robilant,
Carlo
F. N.,
Count, Italian
Minister for Foreign Affairs,
343, 351
Rodd,
Sir J. Rennell (since
1935,
Baron
Rennell of
Rodd),
British Ambassador,
at Rome,
1908-21
Grey, communications between,
263, 265-
6,297,341,535
San Giuliano
and,
559;
conversation with
256, 270, 296-8
uncertainty of British attitude,
339
Roermond,
239
Rolland,
Romain,
French writer,
141
Roloff,
Gustav,
German writer,
129 «, 132
η
ПЗ
η
Romanos,
Spanish Prime Minister,
691
Romberg, Freiherr F. von,
German
Consul
(since
1909,
Minister), at Sofia,
1905-10;
at Berne,
1912-19, 687
Rosenberg,
Α.,
of the German Ministry for
Foreign Affairs,
1912-18, 142
n,
169
n,
193,688
Rosetti,
Theodor,
Romanian Prime Min¬
ister,
573
762
THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
1914
Rothschild, Lord Alfred
de,
Banker,
404
n,
Ahi
η
Romania:
Alliance, Triple,
47, 546, 550-5, 571
n,
587,
594-5
assurances to Romania,
560
attitude of Romania,
8, 15-17, 179, 186,
192, 198, 225, 233, 262, 302, 536,
547,571
Austrian ultimatum to Serbia,
274,
555-9
Bessarabia, promise to Romania,
564-8,
578
Central Powers and Romania,
252,
593
Council of Ministers, Romanian
attitude,
558
Hungary and Transylvania,
579-80;
Romanians in Hungary,
283
intervention, suggestion of,
332
irredentism,
549
military assistance limited,
564-5
neutrality of, Chapt.
XII, 546-81;
neutrality announced,
596;
effect
of,
608-9
position of Romania,
558
Romanian Write Book,
575
Sarajevo murder,
550-5
Translyvania, offered to. See TRAN¬
SYLVANIA
war, Romania enters,
1913, 550
Austria-Hungary and See Austria-
HUNGARY
Bulgaria and See BULGARIA
France and:
neutrality advice,
570-1
Germany and. See Germany
Great Britain and. Neutrality advice not
given,
568
Italy and. See ITALY
Russia and:
advantages to Romania, suggested,
569
appeal that her interests lie with Serbia,
568
intervention against,
595
military alliance offered,
580
neutrality advice,
571
no hostile move,
569
Romanian benevolent neutrality,
580
Romanian
démarche
to Russia,
564
Russian promise of Transylvania,
568-
572
Serbia and:
advised to accept Austrian ultimatum,
559
pan-Serb agitation,
592
Serbo-Bulgarian conflict, attitude in,
550, 601
suggestion of loosening ties with,
554-
5
Turkey and:
general relations with,
608
Rouvier, Maurice, French Prime Minister,
1905-6,418
Ruchet,
M. E.,
President of the Swiss Con¬
federation,
686
Rudini,
Antonio Starabba,
Marchese di,
Italian Prime Minister,
1891-3, 1896-8,
344
Runciman, Walter, British Member of Par¬
liament,
403, 405, 483
Ruspoli, M., Italian
Chargé d'Affaires
at
Paris,
1914,
Giolitti, conversation
with,
363
Russell, Lieut.-Col. Hon. A. V.
F.,
British
Military Attache at Berlin,
1914, 171
Russia:
Balkans, interests in,
242, 5 54, 644-5
Dardanelles,
247
documents published,
161
intervention in Austro-Serbian, war
265
Keren sky Government,
144
mediation, attitude to,
30;
Sazonov's
formula,
18
military preparations for mobilization,
25,27,29
mobilization, agreement to demobilize,
112, 118, 150;
announced,
29, 70-3,
144;
Austrian, in relation to Russian
2, 5, 9
n,
12, 13, 22, 24, 49, 60,
Chapt. Ill,
112-65, 231.
See also
Austria-Hungary, mobilization,
cause of war,
98, 111-12, 163;
date
and time of,
30, 113, 115-16, 121
n-
123, 135-8, 143-5, 147, 150-2, 159,
161
n; delay in notifying,
135;
effect
of,
6, 25, 80, 82, 97, 226-7, 230, 235.
245
n,
373, 525;
mobilization,
1,
Π¬
Ι
8, 24, 29, 32, 39, 51, 56, 60, 65-66,
70-72, 88-91, 98, 102, 106-7,
114-115, 123-7, 130. 135-8, 144-5,
151, 153, 158, 160, 161
η,
164, 190,
221, 231, 378, 527;
Germany and,
37, 77, 112, 113, 164, 167, 230;
Nicholas II and, see Nicholas, II;
mobilization order issue,
27, 33,
55, 115, 137;
partial mobilization,
1-4, 6-8, 12, 31, 34, 36, 55, 147,
226-7;
premature,
104; Wilhelm
II
and, see
Wilhelm
И
responsibility for the war,
156
Russian Charitable Society,
597
Russian Orange Book,
120-3, 16-7, 138,
140-42, 144-6, 160, 532
strategic policy of,
237
war, 'falling out of,
512
n; war guilt,
142-3;
preparations,
30
July,
24;
regarded as inevitable,
59;
responsibility for,
21, 133
Austria-Hungary and. See AUSTRIA-
HUNGARY
Belgium and. Russia appealed to,
471
Bulgaria and. See BULGARIA
France and. See FRANCE
Germany and. See GERMANY
Great Britain and. See GREAT BRITAIN
Greece and. See Greece
Japan and. See JAPAN
Montenegro and. See MONTENEGRO
INDEX
763
Russia
—
continued
Serbia and:
Nicholas II, estimate of the situation,
126
Russian aim to prevent annihilation of,
569
Serbo-Montenegrin union desired,
649
ultimatum, extension of requested,
264;
pressure upon to accept,
119
understanding with Bulgaria,
597
would go to war on behalf of,
268, 297
Sweden and:
intervention against Russia not expected,
669
military defences, mutual,
663
reassurances of pacific intentions,
664, 670
Sweden as a probable enemy,
668
Swedish hostility to Russia,
662-6
Turkey and
:
general relations,
605-7
Liman
von
Sanders mission,
606
military alliance offered,
618-19
negotiations with Russia,
617-20
opinion that Turkey should declare war,
615
Russin,
Vice-Admiral, Russian Naval Chief of Staff,
668
Ryckel, Belgian General, Sub-Chief of General
Staff,
439, 444, 459-62
Saar, 237-8
Şaarburg,
209
Šabac,
330
Sadowa,
1866,414
Said
Halim
Pasha, Turkish Grand Vizier and Foreign
Minister,
1913-17
Austrian ultimatum to Serbia,
613
German-Turkish secret alliance,
613-15
Giers, conversation with,
618
Goeben and
Breslau, 620
Greece, negotiations for an alliance,
612
Pallavicini, conversation with,
610-13
Serbia, settlement with,
610
Toshev, conversation with,
611, 615
Venizelos, meeting with,
609, 611-12, 616
Wangenheim,
conversation with,
608, 613-15,
669
St. Petersburg, district,
6
Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines,
205
Salandra, Antonio, Italian Prime Minister,
1914-16,
254, 261, 264, 266, 271, 275, 277-8, 297-8,
300-1, 308, 311-12, 324-5. 331, 338. 340, 342-
3, 346-8, 350-1, 354, 356. 358-9, 363
Barreré,
conversation with,
340, 343
British intervention,
296, 348
diplomatic experience of,
342-3
foreign affairs, knowledge of,
338
Italian engagements,
339
Italian neutrality,
311-12, 315, 337-43, 356
Italian opinion opposed to Central Powers,
271,
346
Salandra, Antonio
—
continued
Krupensky, conversation with,
264-5
policy
of,
compensations for Italy,
346
Pollio, military assistance to Austria,
308
Prinetti-Barrère
agreement,
1902, 342
San Giuliano
and Serbian conflict,
277
San Giuliano,
conversation with,
264, 298, 312
San Giuliano, Fiuggi
conversations,
254, 258,
263;
telegram,
259
San Giuliano,
policy of,
328
speech by, at
Campidoglio,
278, 320;
in Senate,
356
Treaty observance,
345
Salisbury, Robert Cecil,
3rd
Marquis of, British
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,
1878-80,
1885-6, 1887-92, 1895-1900;
Prime Minister
1895-1902,415
Salonika,
277, 339, 624, 633
Salvemini, Gaetano,
Italian historian,
345
Samuel, Herbert, Lord, British Minister in Asquith
Cabinet,
366, 403, 405, 518
San Giovanni
di
Medua,
648
San Giuliano,
Antonio,
Marchese di,
Italian Minister
for Foreign Affairs,
1905-6, 1910-14;
Ambassador at London,
1906-10
Alliance, Triple,
352, 357;
renewal of,
1912, 344
Austro-
Serbian conflict, attitude to,
256, 264, 274,
277; 284, 301,329,555
Avarna, communications to,
254, 265, 279, 321-5,
349
Barreré,
conversation with,
88-9, 263
n,
269, 340-
1
Bollati, communications between,
254, 257, 259-
60, 279, 283, 285, 300, 321-325, 349
Carlotti, to,
265, 267, 301
compensations to Italy,
271, 276, 279, 288-92,
295,310-14,316,331-7,346
diplomatic activities,
296-9
Entente, first approaches to,
331
Exchange of views advocated,
297
Fasciotti, disavowed,
263
Fiuggi conversations,
254, 257-8, 263;
telegram,
259
Flotow, conversation with,
256, 261, 266, 269,
283, 289, 298-300, 312, 317, 349, 352
Giolitti, letter to,
363
Great Britain, intervention,
334
Greece and the Triple Alliance,
625
Grey, proposals, conciliation and mediation,
254,
256,266
Italian attitude, importance of,
268;
intervention
on side of Central Powers,
299-303
Krupensky, conversation with,
265-6, 268, 270,
303
η
Merey, conversation with,
274, 279, 288, 298-9,
301, 313-16, 334, 352-4;
to Merey,
300, 319
Mihailovic, conversation with,
266
Montenegro, neutrality of,
333, 651
764
THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
1914
San Giuliano,
Antonio
—
continued
neutrality of Italy,
263, 314-15, 317, 319,
324-5
policy of,
262, 277, 279, 281-2, 292, 298,
324-5, 328, 337-9, 345-50, 352
Rodd,
San Giuliano
and,
559;
conver¬
sation with,
256, 270, 296-8
Russia and King Ferdinand,
584
Salandra, conversation with,
264, 298,
312;
omission to inform Salandra
of
1913
precedent,
339, 355
Serbia advised to yield unconditionally,
267
Victor Emmanuel, to,
259, 279
war, efforts to prevent,
296-7
San Stefano,
Peace of,
548
San Stefano,
Treaty of,
1878, 582
Sanders,
Liman
von.
See
LIMAN
von
Sanders
Sanjak
of Novibazar,
665
Montenegro and,
648, 653
Sarajevo murder:
Romania and,
550-5
Sarzana, Mons.
de,
Counsellor at the
Brussels Nunciature,
472
Savinsky,
Α. Α.,
Russian Minister at Sofia,
1914,584,588-9,599,601-3
Savov, M., Bulgarian General,
582
Sazonov, Serge, Counsellor of Russian
Embassy at London,
1904-6;
Agent
to the Vatican,
1906-09;
Acting
Minister for Foreign Affairs,
1909-10;
Minister for Foreign Affairs,
1910-
16,31,42, 163, 183,601,619
Austria, hopes of,
528;
mobilization,
124,
138;
ultimatum to Serbia,
264
Balkan policy of,
644-5
Benckendorff, communications between,
127,133,163, 182,390
Buchanan, conversation with,
57-8, 128-
135,138
Bulgaria, policy towards,
598-9, 603, 626
Carlotti, conversation with,
349
Carol, King, conversation with,
557
circular letter to Ambassadors,
58, 62
conciliatory spirit of,
120
Diamandy, exchange of letters,
580
Dimitriev, conversation with,
598, 602
Dragoumis, conversation with,
641
formula for mediation,
18-24, 57-8
France, support to Russia,
68, 147, 184,
541
George V, appeal to Nicholas II,
132
Germany, declaration of war,
181-6;
mobilization,
42, 62;
ultimatum,
40,
61-5,69, 180«, 373
Giers, to,
619-20
Great Britain, support to France and
Russia,
368
Greece and Kavala,
642-3
Grey, proposal for conversations in
London,
58;
conversation with,
1912, 189
Halt in Belgrade,
233-4
Sazonov, Serge
—
continued
Izvolsky, communications between. See
IZVOLSKY
Krupensky, to,
268
Montenegro, neutrality of,
651
n; Rus¬
sian attitude to Montenegro,
657
Nekludov, to,
664, 668
Nicholas II, letters to George V,
128-35
pacific efforts of,
57, 59-60
Paléologue,
conversation with,
58, 104,
650
personality of,
60
policy of,
60;
towards King Nicholas,
650
Poklevski, to,
552, 568-70
Pourtalès,
conversation with. See POUR-
TALÈS
Pourtalès,
formula proposed by Sazonov,
527
Romania and a military alliance,
580
Russian mobilization,
41, 123-4, 231
Russian Orange Book,
138
Savinsky, to,
598, 602
Schilling, conversation with,
182;
note
from,
63
Serbia, offer of
Ištip
and Radovic,
642;
pressure exerted,
119;
Serbo-Monte-
negrin union,
649
Shebeko,to,
528
speech by in the Duma,
128
Strandtmann, to,
597, 600
successive states of mind,
55-61
Szápáry,
conversation with,
57-8, 64,
125, 134, 139;
friendly reception to,
60
Turkey, negotiations with Bulgaria and
Austria,
617;
Russo-Turkish alliance,
619
Viviani, conversation with,
147
war, attitude towards mobilization,
183-
184
Wilson, President, to,
700
Scavenius,
Erik von,
Danish Minister for
Foreign Affairs,
1913-20
army and navy call-up,
675
Lowther, Sir H., conversation with,
674
Schäfer,
Theobald,
von,
Director of the
Potsdam Archives,
7, 8, 10, 11, 18, 28,
33, 47-9
Schalbe, Dr., Burgomaster of Nuremberg,
211
Scheldt, closure of,
676-7
Schilling, Baron
von,
Head of the Chancery
of the Russian Ministry for Foreign
Affairs,
1912-14,55,130, 182
Sazonov, note to,
63
Schleswig, 673, 676
North, to Denmark,
676
Norway and,
675
Schlieffen, General A.
von,
German Chief
of Staff,
1891-1905
Schlieffen plan,
8, 75, 106, 202,
Chapt. V,
230-53. 417-18, 434, 446, 455, 456
n,
490-1, 515, 521, 532-3, 543, 681
Schlucht
pass,
209
INDEX
765
Schmitt, Professor
Bernadotte
E.,
American
historian,
11, 39, 59, 92, 103
η,
135, 140,
170«.
Schoen,
Freiherr
Wilhelm,
German Am¬
bassador at St. Petersburg,
1906-7;
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,
1907-10;
Ambassador at Paris,
1910-
1914,44,62,213-16,475
Barnes, letter to,
214
и
démarche
and warnings to France,
70-7,
79, 90, 91, 98, 100, 104, 148-9
dispatches from and to Berlin,
31, 38,
40-2, 73, 100-1, 108-9, 175, 203
frontier violations,
205
Germany: declaration of war on France,
196-7, 214-17;
invasion of Belgium
an error,
475;
ultimatum to France,
43-4, 148-9
instructed to leave,
213
mobilization means war,
107
probity of,
216-17
request for his passports,
76, 79
telegrams undecipherable,
214-17
van
der Eist,
visit of,
425
Viviani, conversation with,
71
n,
73-
7, 85, 99-103, 108-11, 114, 116, 118-
19, 152-3, 175, 181, 193, 205, 215-16,
226
Schubert, K.
von,
Secretary, German Em¬
bassy, London,
1914.
German and Russian mobilization,
373
Grey, conversation with,
373
Schiicking, Walter, German historian,
106-7
Schulthess,
25, 33, 42, 128, 261
Schwertfeger,
Bernhard, 412, 426-7
Schwidden,
530
Scott, James Brown, U.S. Delegate to The
Hague Peace Conference,
1907;
Peace
Conference,
1919, 474
Scutari,
650
Montenegro and,
648, 653
Sebastapol,
617
Seignobos, Charles, French historian,
162
Sell, Aide-de-Camp to
ex-Kaiser Wilhelm
II
Albertini,
letter from,
12
Selliers de Moranville,
General
Antonin
de,
Chief of Staff of the Belgian Army
(1914), 439, 444-5, 450, 459-63, 678
Selves, J. C,
de,
French Minister for Foreign
Affairs,
1911-12, 419, 428
Sembat, Marcel, French Deputy,
88
Semois valley,
443
Serbia:
Black Hand,
600, 661
η
Bosnia Herzegovina,
640
compensations to,
641
concessions from,
642
irredentism,
548
isolation of,
607
Ištip
and Radovic, offer of,
642
Pan-Serb movement,
53
Vatican, antagonistic to,
361
war between Greece and Turkey,
624-
627
Serb ia
—
continued
Austria-Hungary and. See AUSTRIA-HUN-
GARY
Bulgaria and. See BULGARIA
Greece and. See GREECE
Montenegro and. See MONTENEGRO
Romania and. See Romania
Russia and. See RUSSIA
Seres,
624, 626
Seton-Watson, R. W.,
550, 55 5
Shebeko, N., Russian Ambassador at
Vienna,
1913-14, 60
Austrian declaration of war upon Rus¬
sia,
533-4;
mobilization,
127, 138;
moving against Russia as well as Ser¬
bia,
135-6
Berchtold, conversation with,
134-5,
527, 533, 535;
negotiations between,
93
departure from Vienna,
539
Sazonov, communications between,
134,
138-9, 141,528,533-4
telegrams from, in Orange Book,
127
Shimonoseke, Treaty of,
1895, 694
Siegfried, French Deputy,
150
Silesia,
52, 233
Silistria,
549
Simon, Sir John, Member of the Asquith
Cabinet,
366, 405-6, 482-3
Škerović,
Dr. Nicholas, Member of the
Montenegrin
Skupština,
659
Slavism,
Wilhelm
II on,
637
Smith, F. E. (later Lord Birkenhead), Lord
Chancellor,
1919-22, 396-7
Socialists,
141
Société d'études
critiques
et documentaires sur la
guerre,
93-4, 144, 162
Societě
de l'histoire de la guerre,
156
Soir,
449
Sonnino, Baron
Sidney, Italian
Prime
Min¬
ister,
1909-10, 346-7, 352
Souchon,
German Admiral,
617
Sound,
The, mined,
675-6
South Africa,
547
Spa, invasion, of,
470
Spain:
neutrality of,
691-3
France and. See FRANCE
Spalaikovic, Serbian Minister at St. Peters¬
burg,
1914,59
Spender, J.
Α.,
Editor of the Westminster
Gazette,
365-7, 369, 371-2, 405, 410, 484,
494, 499. 502, 512-14, 518, 523
Spitzbergen
Islands,
673
Sprecher-Bernegg, Colonel, Chief of the
Swiss General Staff,
688-9
Staaf,
К.,
Prime Minister of Sweden,
1913-
1914,663
Stambulov, Stefan, Prime Minister of Bul¬
garia,
1887-94, 584
Stanley, Lord, British Secretary of State for
Foreign Affairs,
1866, 414
Steed Henry Wickham, The Times cor¬
respondent,
376-7, 380, 397, 402, 478,
508-9
766
THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
1914
Steeg,
M.,
French Minister of the Interior,
81,81
η
Stelvio position,
686
Stere,
Professor,
565
Straits Question,
606, 608, 620, 626
Goeben and
Breslau,
escape of,
620-1
Strandtmann,
Β. Ν.,
Counsellor of the
Russian Legation at Belgrade
(1914),
603
Pašie,
conversation with,
598, 600
Sazonov, communications between,
264,
597-8, 600, 641
Strasbourg,
149, 237-8
Sträub,
Colonei
E.,
Austrian Military
Attaché
at Stockholm, to Conrad,
665
Streit,
G.,
Greek Minister for Foreign
Affairs,
1914.
Alexandropulos, to,
633
anti-Serbian policy,
632
Bassewitz, conversation with,
634
Bulgarian neutrality,
631
Demidov, conversation with,
643-4
Greece would observe strict neutrality,
632,634
incomprehensible
démarche
by,
643-5
policy of,
640
Quadt, and,
639
Serbia asked to move troops,
633
Szilassy, conversation with,
631-2, 639
Theotokis, to,
636, 639-40
Triple Entente, Greece would join,
643-4
Strupp, K.,
412
Stumm, Wilhelm von,
Political Director at
the German Ministry for Foreign
Affairs,
1911-16,29, 169
и,
193
appeal to Great Britain on German action
in Belgium,
492-3
Austrian attitude upon George V's
telegram,
29
Francis Joseph, telegram to,
45
frontier incidents,
208
German ultimatum to Russia;
30
Luxemberg, occupation of,
203
Naumann,
conversation with,
524
Russian mobilization,
34, 233
Tschirschky, communications between,
19-20;
conversation with,
21, 30
ultimatum to Belgium,
454
Stürgkh,
Count Karl, Austrian Prime Min¬
ister,
1911-16.
demonstrations in favor of Italy,
261
Italy, compensations to,
284, 293
Tschirschky, conversation with,
261
Süddeutsche Korrespondenzbureau, 210
Südekum,
German Deputy,
16
Sukhomlinov, Russian General, Minister for
War,
1909-15, 176
trial of,
144
Suîtan Osman
I, Turkish battleship,
615
Sunday Times,
398
n
Sverbeev, Serge
T.,
Russian Ambassador at
Berlin,
1912-14, 19, 60
Cambon, Jules, conversation with,
71
German mobilization,
40
Jagow, conversation with,
19, 61
Sverbeev, Serge T.
—
continued
Russian mobilization,
12, 71-2
Sazonov, to,
57
Sweden:
492, 498, 547, 596
Neutrality, by agreement with Den¬
mark and Norway,
671-2;
declara¬
tion of,
669-72;
unconditional,
670;
neutrality unless Great Britain
joined Russia,
667-8
Triple Alliance, Swedish interests with,
665-6, 668
Finland and,
547, 663,666-7,669
Germany and. See GERMANY
Great Britain and:
neutrality of desired,
670-1
Norway and:
Norway must take same line as,
670
Russia and. See RUSSIA
Swinderen, R.
de Marees
van, Dutch Minis¬
ter for Foreign Affairs,
1908-13;
Minister at London,
1913
Buchanan, conversation with,
677
Grey, conversation with,
680
Switzerland:
German sentiment,
685
mobilization,
687
neutrality,
685-90
'Two Colonels' scandal,
689
Szápáry,
Friedrich
Graf, Austro-Hungarian
Ambassador at St. Petersburg
1913-
14,530
démarche
by,
96-7
Russian mobilization,
125
recall from St. Petersburg,
539
Sazonov, conversation with. See SAZO¬
NOV
Szécsen,
von Temerin,
Count, Austro-
Hungarian Ambassador at Paris,
1911-
1914
Berchtold, communications between,
94,
96, 119,329
Berthelot,
conversation with,
92-4, 97,115
Doumergue, conversation with,
540
Lahovary,
93;
Szécsen
episode,
94, 96,687
Lardy,
Szécsen
episode,
96
Lovčen,
alleged attack on,
652
Margerie, conversation with,
119-20;
letter from,
96;
Szécsen
episode,
94
mediation suggestion,
95
Poincaré, Szécsen
episode,
94
Serbian acceptance of ultimatum,
97
Szécsen
episode,
92-9
Viviani, calls on,
109
Szeptycki, Count Stanislaus, Colonel, Austro-
Hungarian Military Attache at Rome,
1912-15,303,308-10,333
Szilassy
von Szilas und
Pilas,
J., Austro-
Hungarian Minister at Athens,
1913-
1917
Berchtold, to,
631
compensations to Greece,
632
Streit,
conversation with,
631-2, 639
Szögyény-Marich,
Count, Austro-Hun-
garian Ambassador at Berlin,
1892-
1914,530-1,610
INDEX
767
Szögyény
-Marich,
Count—continued
Berchtold, communications between, See
Berchtold
Bethmann Hollweg, conversation with,
353.538
Bollati,
conversation with,
299
Italian neutrality,
332
Italy, compensation to,
272, 287
Jagow, conversation with,
22, 284-5, 530
Wilhelm
II, conversation with,
176, 179,
529
Zimmermann,
conversation with,
299
TACCI,
MGR.
J.,
Apostolic Nuncio at
Brussels,
1908,444
Talaat Bey, Turkish Minister for the In¬
terior,
1913-14, 605, 611,616
Tantilov, Major I., Bulgarian Military
Attaché
at Vienna,
604
Tappen, von, Lieut.-Colonel,
Chief of the
Mobilization Section of the German
General Staff,
176
Tardieu,
André,
French journalist,
86-7,
149
Tarnowski
von
Tarnów,
Count, Austro-
Hungarian Minister at Sofia,
1911-17,
561,566,584-9, 593,604
Tatistchev, Russian General, Tsar's per¬
sonal representative with
Wilhelm
II,
3
Taube,
Baron
Μ. Α.,
Legal Counsellor at
Russian Foreign Office,
1907-08, 606
Tauferer valley,
686
Teixeira
Gomes, M., Portuguese Minister
at London,
1911,690
Temps,
86-7, 652
Theotokis,
N.
G., Greek
Chargé d'Affaires
at Berlin,
1910-14.
Constantine,
King, to Theotokis,
639
Jagow, conversation with,
634
Streit,
to,
636
Wilhelm
II, conversation with,
637
Theotokis, M., Greek Prime Minister and
Minister for War,
1905-9
Jagow, conversation with,
624
secret mission to Berlin,
624
Triple Alliance and Greece,
625
Thiébaut, E.,
French Minister at Stock¬
holm,
1910,663-4
Thile, C. H.
von,
Prussian Secretary of State
for Foreign Affairs,
1870, 415
Times, The,
376-7,401,478,508-9, 525
Tirpitz, Alfred
von,
German Grossadmiral,
Navy Minister,
1897-1916, 36, 38,
170-2, 174, 187, 189-91, 193, 195, 197,
199, 201, 225, 235, 242, 246-7, 249-52,
476
Anglophobia of,
187-90, 252
η
appreciation of the situation by,
249
Austro-Serbian dispute,
188
Belgium, invasion of,
246
η
Bethmann Hollweg, Falkenhayn, meet¬
ing,
6
Bethmann Hollweg, scenes between,
186-
93, 249
Tirpitz, Alfred
von—
continued
Bethmann Hollweg, Tirpitz's estimate of,
224-5
British Expeditionary Force,
505
co-operation and consultation not given,
250
France as aggressor,
246
n; declaration of
war on France,
195, 197;
French coasts
not to be attacked,
477
George V, suggested letter to,
174
Gerard, conversation with,
188
Germany, as an aggressor,
244;
plan of
campaign,
391;
political leadership,
23 5
Great Britain, neutrality of,
172, 174, 188,
251
Halt in Belgrade,
191
inaccuracies of,
191
и
Jagow, conversation with,
247, 249
mobilization,
76, 169, 171, 173, 199
Moltke, conversation,
192
policy of,
187,249,252
Russia, declaration of war on,
191-3, 195
war guilt, England and Germany,
189
war, origins of,
189-90
Wilhelm
II, conversation with,
197
Wilhelm
II, letter to,
36, 250
Tisza,
Count
Stephan,
Hungarian Prime
Minister,
1904, 1913-14, 20, 22, 30, 39,
292, 330. 552, 555, 561, 579. 586, 592
Tittoni, Tommaso, Italian Minister for
Foreign Affairs,
1903-5, 1906-9;
Ambas¬
sador at Paris,
1910-17, 271, 344
Tonchev, D., Bulgarian Finance minister,
1913-17,585,587-8
Toshev,
Μ. Α.,
Bulgarian Minister at
Belgrade,
1908-13;
Minister at Con¬
stantinople,
1913-14, 609,615
Giers, conversation with,
618-19
Pallavicini, conversation with,
616
Said
Halim
Pasha, conversation with,
611,615
Toul,
fortress of,
41, 44, 84
n,
108, 115, 149,
174,177,179
Toury, Gouttenoire
de,
French revisionist,
142«, 151
Transylvania:
Romania and,
549, 555, 561, 566, 568-572,
574, 579-80, 640
Trauttmansdorff, Count, Counsellor of the
Austrian Embassy at London,
1914
Crowe, conversation with,
542
Trentino,
compensation to Italy. See ITALY,
compensations to
Treutler, Prussian Envoy in Munich,
210-
211
Tribuna,
354
n,
691
Trieste,
346
Tripolitania,
85
Trystram, French Senator,
82
η
Tschirschky und Bögendorff, Heinrich
Leopold
von,
German Secretary of
State for Foreign Affairs,
1906-7;
Ambassador at Vienna,
1907-16, 4,
195,221
768
THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
1914
Tschirschky und Bögendorff—
continued
Austrian decision on mobilization,
39
Avarna, conversation with,
281-2, 293,
323, 358
Berchtold, conversation with. See BERCH-
TOLD
Berchtold-Tschirschky formula, compen¬
sation to Italy,
292-5
Bethmann Hollweg: communications
between. See Bethmann Hollweg
Conrad, conversation with,
547, 594
Forgach, conversation with,
20, 283, 286
Francis Joseph, audience with,
306
George V, telegram,
28
Halt in Belgrade,
36
η
Hoyos,
conversation with,
19-20
Italy, compensations to,
279-82, 283, 288,
290, 292-5;
understanding with Italy,
285
Jagow, communications between. See
JAGOW
Lovčen,
occupation of,
289
Stumm,
conversation with,
19-21, 30
Stürgkh,
conversation with,
261
war, responsibility for,
183
Tsingtao,
698
и,
699
Tulff
von Tscheepe,
August, German
General,
203, 683
Turati,
F., 88
Turkey:
attitude of,
619
Central Powers, rapprochement with,
547,610
Committee of Union and Progress,
605,611
Goeben and
Breslau,
purchased by,
621
intervention, suggestion of,
332, 643
Islands, question,
608
mobilization and armed neutrality,
615,618,640
neutrality of,
597, 617-20, 623
Triple Alliance, accession to,
609-13
war, declaration of and entry into,
615,617,623,646
Wilhelm
II, secret Treaty with,
546
Young Turks,
605, 607
Austria-Hungary and. See AUSTRIA-
HUNGARY
Bulgaria and. See BULGARIA
Germany and. See GERMANY
Great Britain and. See GREAT BRITAIN
Greece and. See GREECE
Italy and. See ITALY
Montenegro and. See MONTENEGRO
Romania and. See ROMANIA
Turtukai-Balchik line,
550
Tyrrell, Sir William G., Private Secretary to
Sir E. Grey,
1907-15, 171, 695
awaiting German reply,
499
Bethmann Hollweg's message,
378
George V, intervention by,
128
Grey's conversation with Lichnowsky,
381
Lichnowsky, communication to,
125;
conversation with,
136, 171-2, 178,
342, 382-3, 386-8, 392
Tyrrell, Sir
William, G.—
continued
Mensdorff, conversation with,
535
Ulflingen,
682
Union
pour la Vérité,
142
Union,
/',
Sacrée.
See
POINCARÉ
Unita Cattolica,
361-2
United States of America:
Wilson's efforts to save peace,
699-702
war, effect of entry into,
512
η
Vaillant-Couturier,
French Deputy,
146
Valona,
compensation to Italy,
257-8, 278,
293,302-3,315,349,641
Van
der Eist,
Baron
L.
See Elst, Baron L.
van
der
Vardar
line,
600-1
Vatican:
Austria, favorable to,
360-1, 617-18
in crisis of July
1914, 357-63
Italy, attitude to neutrality of,
361-2
Velpe, line,
459, 461
Vengeur (le),
pseudonym of German
General, offer and revelations,
417-19
Venizelos, Eleutheros, Greek Prime Minis¬
ter,
1910-15,609,626
Aegean islands negotiations,
611-12,
626-8, 632-3
Alexandropulos, to,
629
Austrian ultimatum to Serbia,
628;
casus
foederis, recognition refused,
627-31
Balkan bloc, proposals,
643;
Balkan
League,
641
Bulgarian armed intervention, would be
opposed,
634
Constantine,
King, relations between,
632
«,635,639
Demidov, conversation with,
637, 640
Elliot, conversation with,
644
Germany, appeals to,
627;
support to,
607
Goeben and
Breslau,
escape of,
620-1
Greece, Romania and Turkey, alliance,
desired,
625
Greek neutrality,
637
ministry of Venizelos,
624
policy of,
628, 640
Poulpiquet
du Halgouet, de,
French
Charge d'Aflaires at Bucharest, de¬
claration to,
640
Said
Halim
Pasha, meeting with,
609,
611-12,616
Serbia, advised to be conciliatory,
629;
Serbian alliance,
638;
inquiry as to
Greek support,
630
speech by,
628
Streit,
communication to,
629-30, 632;
conflict of policy,
644
Triple Alliance, desire for denied,
625
Triple Entente, attitude to,
625, 640-5
Turkey, alliance with attempted,
634
Verdun, fortress of,
41, 44, 84
n,
108, 149,
174.
J77.
179.246
INDEX
769
Verdun-Belfort
line,
238, 243
Versailles,
Treaty of:
Art. 231, 156
French revisionists,
151
revision, question of,
163
Verviers,
470
Vesnic, Milenko R.,
Serbian Minister at
Paris,
1904-11,93-4
Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy,
1900-46,4,275
Bollati,
letter to,
325
Francis Joseph, appeal to,
310-14;
tele¬
gram to,
331-7
intervention, suggestion of,
264
Kleist,
audience with,
326-31, 333
neutrality, appeals to,
310-14;
explana¬
tions of,
326-7
Salandra, audience with,
312
Triple Alliance,
casus
foederis does not
arise,
326
Wilhelm
II, appeal to,
310;
telegram to,
44,325-3'
Vie (La) Ouvrière,
141
Vienna, Congress of, Switzerland, neu¬
trality of,
688
Vienna University, Institute for Italian
Students,
322
Vienne, Mathieu de.
See
Mathieu de
Vienne
Villa-Urrutia,
Spanish Ambassador at
Paris,
1914,
Bertie,
conversation
with,
69
Villain,
Raoul,
87
Villiers, Sir Francis, British Minister at
Brussels,
1911.
Belgian view on neutrality,
435-6
Bridges, conversation with,
436
Davignon, conversation with,
446, 448,
451
Eist,
van
der,
conversation with,
437
Grey, to,
448, 462
n,
466, 468, 471
n,
493
n,
494
n
Nicolson, to,
435, 470
n
Vilna,
district,
6
XX
Siècle,
434-5
Virubova, Anna,
184
n
Visconti Venosta,
Emilio,
Italian Minister
for Foreign Affairs,
1869-76, 1896-
1900
Algeciras Conference,
357
approves of non-intervention,
363
Salandra, to,
363
Vistula,
238, 246
π
Vivian, Lord, British Minister at Brussels,
1887,415
Viviani,
René,
French Prime Minister and
Minister for Foreign Affairs,
1914-15,
68,72, 145, 150, 153
anxiety to avoid a definitive rupture,
110
attitude of optimism,
108
Auiard, letter from,
216
Austria-Hungary, pacific intentions at¬
tributed to,
119
Belgian neutrality,
449
Bertie, communication to,
69;
conversa¬
tion with,
88
Viviani,
René
continued
Caillaux trial,
145
Cambon, Jules, communications be¬
tween,
61, 70-4, 77, 79
n,
90, 113, 158-
161,205,442
Cambon, Paul, communications between,
67, 107, 109, 393-4, 401-2, 407-8, ,
490. 503-4. 509
circular telegrams to Ambassadors,
90
n,
115, 119
debate in French Chamber,
150
German declaration of war,
218
Messimy, conversation with,
103
mobilization, Austrian,
147, 159;
Aus¬
trian, Russian, dates of,
139, 145, 147,
150, 159, 164;
French mobilization,
102, 105-8, 110;
Russian,
66, 71, 73,
77, 79, 84, 89-90, 92, 112, 115, 145,
147, 151-2
Mollard, to,
684
pacific language of,
110
Paléologue,
communications between. See
Paléologue
Paléologue's
diary,
145
personality of,
150
Poincaré,
conversation with,
78, 116;
defense of,
150;
Schoen's
démarche,
78
policy of,
85, 108-11
Russian attitude to Grey's formula,
99
Sazonov, conversation with,
147
Schoen,
conversation with. See
SCHOEN
speech by,
141, 146-7, 150-1,225-9
Switzerland, assurances to,
688
Szécsen,
calls on,
109;
mediation sug¬
gestion,
95;
Szécsen
episode,
96
Wallenburg, conversation with,
664
Yellow Book, Doc.
127, 119
Vladimir, Grand Duchess of Russia,
638
Vosges,
frontier,
217
Vućetić, Mitar,
Member of Montenegrin
Skupština,
659
Vukotić,
Y.,
Montenegrin War Minister,
654
WALBECK,
208, 210, 463, 678-9
Waldburg zu Wolfegg und Waldsee, Graf
von,
German Charge
d'Affaires
at
Bucharest,
1912-16.
Bethmann Hollweg,
to,
262, 554
Carol, King, audience with,
554-5, 565,
567, 573
Czernin, conversation with,
562
Fasciotti, conversation with,
262, 556
n
neutrality
communiqué
handed to,
575
suggested letter to the Tsar,
565
Waldersee, Count, German General, General
Quartermaster,
237, 243, 304-5, 416
я
Waldthausen, Julius, Baron
von,
German
Minister at Bucharest,
1912-14.
Bratianu, conversation with,
567
Carol, King, conversation with,
568, 578-9
Romanian decision,
577
Waleffe, Maurice
de,
French writer,
86
Wallachia,
548
770
THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
1914
Wallenberg,
Κ. Α.,
Swedish Minister for
Foreign Affairs,
1914
declarations to Russian and English
Ministers,
666-9
German ultimatum,
670
η
Howard, conversation with,
667-9
Nekludov, conversation with,
665, 668
Norway and Sweden should keep in step,
670
Reichenau, conversation with,
664
Swedish attitude in a Russo-German war,
Swedish neutrality,
665,668-9
Viviani, conversation with,
664
Wangenheim,
Baton H.
von,
German
Ambassador at Constantinople,
1912-1915,606,611
dispatches to Berlin,
612-15
Bethmann Hollweg, conversation with,
189
Bulgarian-Turkish Alliance,
613, 616
Enver Pasha, conversation with,
611, 620
Garroni, conversation with,
358
German-Swedish agreement,
669
German-Turkish secret alliance,
613-14
Greek landing in Turkey,
635
influence of,
610
Said
Halim
Pasha, conversation with,
608,613-15,669
Turkey, accession to the Triple Alliance,
612-13;
inclination towards Bulgaria,
608
War, Schlieffen plan contributory cause of,
253
declaration of,
106;
France and,
85;
Germany,
85
guilt, Austria-Hungary, mobilization and
ultimatum to Serbia,
142, 144
Central Powers and,
141, 148
Demartial's efforts to establish,
142
France, Caillaux's trial,
145;
debate in
French Chamber,
146
Germany and,
144, 148, 179
Imperial Powers and,
113
problem still unsettled,
141
Russia and,
142
Tirpitzon,
189
inevitable,
25,441
mobilization in relation to war,
106
outbreak of European war, Chapt. V,
230-53
responsibility for war,
31;
Austria-
Hungary and,
156;
Entente Govern¬
ments and,
110;
Germany and,
63,
229;
Grey's share in,
523;
Russia and,
21,63,133,156
Warsaw district,
6
Wattenwyl, Colonel, of the Swiss General
Staff,
689
Weber, Max,
474
Wedel,
Karl, Count
von,
German Ambas¬
sador at Rome,
1899;
at Vienna,
1902-7,
180,613,636
Wegerer,
Dr
Alfred
von,
Editor of
Kriegs¬
schuldfrage
and Berliner Monatschefie,
10,
29-30, 36, 181, 192, 194, 200, 212-14,
218,245-6
Wenninger, General, Bavarian Military
Attache at Berlin,
6, 9, 17-18, 331-2
Wesel, 209, 212-13, 218
Wesendonck, O. G.
von,
German Charge
d'Affaires atTangiers,
1913, 692
Westminster Gazette,
478
Weyer,
Sylvain
van
der,
Belgian Minister
at London,
1866, 414
White Book. See Germany, German White
Book; also GREECE, Greek White Book
White, Henry, U.S.A. Ambassador at Paris,
1907-9
Biilow, conversation with,
169
Falkenhayn, conversation with,
170
Wiart, Carton
de,
Belgian Minister for
Justice,
1914, 462-4
Wiener
Fremdenblatt, 652
Wiener
Zeitung, 260
Wilhelm
II, German Emperor,
1888-1918
Albert, King, attitude to Belgium,
456;
belief in assurances of,
452;
communi¬
cations between,
451, 458, 469, 471-2;
statement by, to Albert,
437, 441
Albertini,
letter to,
12-13
Austria-Hungary, intervention at Vienna,
at Tsar's request,
378;
support to,
4, 28;
understanding with Italy,
285-6
Belgian neutrality, reassuring words,
425
n; offer to Belgium,
417
Bethmann Hollweg, and,
1-6, 7, 12, 20,
177,180,636
Bienerth, conversation with,
47, 546-7
Bulgaria, should range with Austria,
546;
Bulgarian Alliance,
583, 590-1;
and the Triple Alliance,
554, 593;
Bulgarian-Turkish alliance,
612-13,
637
Carol, King, telegram to,
546;
appeal
to King Carol,
566
Conrad, conversation with,
635
Constantine,
King, communication be¬
tween,
546, 632, 636-8;
relations
between,
634-40
Delvaux
de Teuffe,
conversation with,
425
η
Denmark and Sweden, question of con¬
fidence to be raised,
666, 670
diplomatic correspondence, knowledge
of,
4
Dutch coastal defense,
676;
neutrality,
679
Edward
VII, Wilhelm
II on policy of,
34
Eist,
van
der,
conversation with,
425
и,
offer to Belgium,
417
Ferdinand, King, to,
546
France, declaration of war on,
211
n;
neutrality of,
84
n,
177;
policy towards,
177
Francis Joseph, Emperor, communica¬
tions between,
20, 39, 45-50, 103
n,
176,294, 335, 527, 529, 554, 700-1
George V, King, communications be¬
tween,
20, 27-31, 36-7, 47, 129,
174, 177,194, 381;
on policy of,
34
Goschen,
final message from,
497
INDEX
771
Wilhelm
II
—
continued
Great Britain, intervention of,
475, 547;
naval
patrol over French coast,
250-1;
neutrality
suggestions,
172, 190-1
Greece, Greek support, pressure for,
634-40;
mobilization,
637;
neutrality,
637;
relations
with Germany,
607, 635;
Triplice,
place of
Greece,
636
Halt in Belgrade,
4, 36, 233-4, 268, 559
Heimburger, conversation with,
425
η
ignorance of the situation,
36-7
influence of on Government action,
4
isolation of, July
1914, 35
Italy, Austro-Serbian conflict,
a casus
foederis,
354;
compensations to Italy,
328;
military help from,
546-7;
neutrality,
324;
security from Italy,
284
Jagow, to,
36
n,
233-4
judgment of,
5
Kriegsgefahrzustand, 6, 9, 34, 190-1
Leopold II, King, Belgian compensation at
the expense of France,
454;
conversation
with,
417;
letter to,
423
n; policy towards
Belgium,
417, 456;
proposals of
1904, 472
Luxemberg, occupation of,
176, 682
marginalia and minutes by,
1-6, 8, 10, 12, 20-
1,34,36, 181,315, 324, 326-8, 383-4, 404
n,
475, 479
n,
531, 577, 588, 612-13, 635,
675, 679, 692
mediation between Austria and Russia,
2-6,
8, 9, 12, 14, 18, 20, 22, 32, 37-8, 51, 56, 70,
139, 160
n,
167-8,221
mobilization,
3, 4, 6-12, 169-70, 172, 175-6,
179, 187
Moltke, conversation with,
6, 172, 177. 682;
influence on Moltke,
3, 8-9:
warning of
impending war,
440-3
negotiations after mobilization,
80
Nicholas II, Tsar, assurances exchanged,
126,
530;
communications between,
2-7,
II-
12, 15, 47, 51-2, 55-62, 64, 124, 130, 134,
139, 176, 179-80, 184;
mediation, appeals
to
Wilhelm
II see above, Mediation,
personality of,
4, 34-8, 225, 251
Poincaré,
and,
152
policy of,
4-6, 8, 26, 35, 37-8, 173, 236, 249
responsibility of,
661
л
Rothschild, Lord, telegrams to,
404
η
Romania, Berchtold's memorandum,
551
Russia, mobilization,
2-4, 37;
plans for war
against,
17?
Serbia, war over,
3 53
Slavism,
637
Szögyény,
conversation with,
176, 179, 383,
529
Tirpitz, letter to,
36, 250;
conversation with,
197
Triple Alliance, interpretations, of
3 53
Turkey, alliance with,
614, 637
Vergleichende Geschichistabelln, 152, 156
Wilhelm
II
—
continued
Victor Emmanuel III, King, appeal to,
310;
telegram to,
325-31; Wilhelm
II to,
546
war,
7, 34, 441
Wilson, President, reply to,
701
'yellow peril' campaign,
695
William I, King of Holland,
414, 681
William III, King of Holland,
681
Wille,
V., Colonel, Corps-Commandant, later
General, of Swiss Army,
687-9
Wilson,
C. S.,
U.S.A.,
Chargé d'Affaires
at St.
Petersburg,
700
Wilson, General Sir Henry, British Chief of
Staff,
1913,379,398,507
Belgian attitude,
432
British attitude towards entering Belgium,
436
Conservative consultations,
397-8
Expeditionary Force, mobilization,
510
Wilson, Woodrow, President of the U.S.A.
George V, communications between,
700-1
Nicholas II, communications between,
700
Nicholas, King, communications between,
661,
661
η
peace, efforts to save,
699-702
Poincaré,
communications between,
700-701
Sazonov, to,
700
speech by, Belgian Chamber,
1919, 474
Wilhelm,
II communication between,
700-1
Witte, de,
Belgian General,
427
Woeste,
С.
de,
Belgian Minister of State,
444,
472
words of,
45 8-9
Wood, Rt. Hon. Thomas McKinnon, Secretary of
State for Scotland,
1912-16, 370,405
Wrangel, Count H,, Swedish Minister at
London,
1906-20,
Grey, conversation with,
670-1
Wullus-Rüdiger,
Α.,
Belgian historian,
412, 422,
426, 437-8, 441, 467, 469-70, 472, 677, 686,
689
Yarde-Buller, Colonel the Hon. H., British
Military Attache at Brussels and The
Hague,
1906-10;
at Paris,
1914
frontier incidents,
208
Yellow Book. See FRANCE, French Yellow Book
ZAHLE,
С,
Danish Prime Minister,
1914, 674
Zaimis,
А. Т.,
Greek Minister at Vienna,
1914,
625, 640
Zech, German
Chargé d'Affaires
at Cetinje,
654,
656, 658
Zimmermann,
Alfred, German Under-Secretary
,
of State for Foreign Affairs,
1911-16, 23,
„ 193
772
THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
1914
Zimmermann,
Alfred
—
continued
Zimmermann,
Alfred
—
continued Swiss neutrality,
687
Belgium, ultimatum to,
473
Szögyény,
conversation with,
299
Cambon, Jules, conversation with,
13
Tschirschky, to,
22-3, 25, 27
France, declaration of war on,
213 Wilhelm
II, telegram to,
45
Goschen,
conversation with,
497
Zuccari, L., Italian General,
306
Italy, compensation to,
285;
Italian Zupelli, Italian Colonel,
304
policy,
332 Zwehl, Hans von,
German General,
7,
Michahelles,
to,
583 17-18, 169
η, ΙΊ3-Λ,
178, 192, 196
mobilization, anxiety for,
13, 23
policy of,
23-4
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
München
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
ABBREVIATIONS
xi
I. THE PROCLAMATION OF THE
KRIEGSGEFAHRZUSTAND
IN GERMANY; THE GERMAN ULTIMATUM TO RUSSIA.
1
1.
The Chancellor and the Kaiser's marginalia; his 'That means I have got to mobilize
as well!' (p.
1).
2.
Moltke's sudden change-over to readiness for war (p.
6).
3.
Bethmann confesses to his Cabinet colleagues that he has lost control of events;
his promise to the Generals (p.
14).
4.
Sazonov's formula for mediation received in Berlin; the Kaiser's perplexities on the
afternoon of
30
July (p.
18).
5.
Haeften's revelations and what they amount to (p.
24).
6.
How King George V's telegram to the Kaiser was communicated to Vienna (p.
27).
7.
News of the Russian general mobilization becomes known in Berlin (p.
31).
8.
The Kaiser's wrathful outbursts; his ignorance of the real situation, and his ground¬
less optimism at the last moment (p.
34).
9.
Proclamation of the
Kriegsgefahrzustand
and the German ultimatums to Russia and
to France (p.
38).
10.
The Kaiser's telegram to Francis Joseph and Moltke's startling proposals to Conrad
,.
(P-45).
Jl) Bethmann's renewed approach to London, Grey's last urgent appeal to Berlin
(p.
50).
12.
A telegram from the Tsar to
Wilhelm;
Sazonov's successive states of mind (p.
55).
13.
Pourtalès
hands Sazonov the German ultimatum with a twelve-hour time limit,
(p.
61).
II. GENERAL MOBILIZATION IN FRANCE.
66
1.
French anxiety;
Poincaré's
letter to King George V; Joffre presses for frontier
couverture
(p.
66).
2.
The first news of Russian general mobilization and the German proclamation of the
Kriegsgefahrzustand
(p.
70).
3.
Schoen's
démarche
to ascertain French intentions; Viviani's evasive reply (p.
73).
4.
Viviani's telegram to
Paléologue
of
31
July and the circumstances which gave rise
to it (p.
76).
5.
The reasons for French acquiescence in the Russian general mobilization (p.
80).
6.
The assassination of
Jaurès on
31
July and the atmosphere in which it took place
(p.
85).
7.
Bertie's inquiry as to the French attitude on Belgium;
Paléologue's
telegram con¬
firming Russian general mobilization (p.
88).
8.
Joffre on the evening of
31
July asks for French mobilization (p.
91 ).
9.
The
Szécsen
incident and the
Quai d'Orsay's
maneuvers (p.
92).
10.
The French Cabinet decides to order general mobilization (p.
99).
11.
Viviani's manifesto and the thesis that mobilization is not war (p.
105).
12.
'The last conversation between
Schoen
and Viviani on
1
August; Viviani's tactics,
and two revealing telegrams from Izvolsky (p.
108).
vi
THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
1914
III. THE LEGEND THAT THE AUSTRIAN GENERAL MOBILIZA¬
TION PRECEDED THAT OF RUSSIA.
112
1.
Whether it was possible for Paris on
31
July to receive the impression that the
Austrian mobilization preceded that of Russia (p.
112).
2.
The first assertion of the priority of Austrian mobilization made by
Poincaré
to
Bettié
on the morning of
1
August (p.
116).
3.
The manipulations in the Yellow Book: documents falsified and invented. The
priority of Austrian mobilization in the British Blue Book and the Russian Orange
Book (p.
120).
4.
Austria accused of having been the first to mobilize in the Tsar's reply to the supreme
appeal from King George V (p.
125).
5.
The hour of arrival of King George's telegram; two meetings of Sazonov, Buchanan,
and
Paléologue
(p.
128).
6.
Buchanan's belated telegram to London about the Russian general mobilization
(p.
135).
7.
How the Tsar was induced to assert the priority of the Austrian general mobiliza¬
tion (p.
138).
8.
First doubts in France and first reactions; the truth revealed in documents brought
to light after the war (p.
141)
9.
Paléologue's
diary;
Poincaré's
lectures in
1921;
the debate in the French Chamber
on
5
July
1922
(p.
145).
10.
The exchange of letters between the President Qf the
Ligue des Droits de l'Homme
and Poincaré on
the falsifications in the Yellow Book (p.
151).
1 1.
L'Union Sacrée
and the
admission
of the truth. How
Poincaré
explains the falsi¬
fications in the Yellow Book (p.
157).
12.
The publication of the Documents
diplomatiques français (p.
161).
IV.
THE GERMAN DECLARATIONS OF WAR ON RUSSIA AND
FRANCE
(1-3
AUGUST).
166
1.
The Chancellor's speech to the
Bundesrat;
the mobilization order signed at the Berlin
SchlossCp.
166).
2.
A telegram from London raises German hopes of French neutrality (p.
171).
3.
The order to abstain from occupying Luxemburg; confusion reigns at Berlin
(P-175).
4.
Pourtalès
delivers the declaration of war to Sazonov;
Izvoísky
asks France for her
support (p.
181).
5.
Tirpitz and Bethmann; stormy scenes between the German political and military
chiefs (p.
186).
6.
Draft of a declaration of war on France; breakdown of the political leadership of
the Reich (p.
193).
7.
Moltke's illusions; Luxemburg occupied; an ultimatum sent to Belgium (p.
197).
8.
The incidents on the Franco-German frontier on
2
and
3
August (p.
204).
9.
The false report of the bombing of Nuremberg; the German declaration of war sent
to France (p.
209).
10.
The Chancellor's speech in the Reichstag on
4
August (p.
219).
11.
Poincaré's
message and Viviani's speech to the French parliament (p.
225).
V. THE SCHLIEFFEN PLAN AND THE OUTBREAK OF THE
EUROPEAN WAR.
230
1.
The mistakenness of both the Russian and the German mobilization (p,
230).
2.
Germany could have saved the peace by the Halt in Belgrade formula (p.
232).
3.
The arguments brought forward by Moltke; the Schlieffen plan (p.
236).
4.
Moltke opposed to the violation of Dutch neutrality; modifications of the Schlieffen
plan (p.
238).
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
VII
5.
The Chancellor under pressure from Moltke (p.
242).
6.
Reasons alleged in defense of the Schlieffen plan; how it limited Germany's choice of action (p.
245).
7.
Lack of co-ordination between the Army and the Navy General Staffs (p.
248).
8.
Consequences of the personal rivalries between the German leaders (p.
251).
VI. ITALY'S ATTITUDE AFTER THE FIUGGI CONVERSATION.
NEGOTIATIONS ON COMPENSATION.
254
1.
Italian inaction after the Fiuggi conversation (p.
254).
2.
Avama on
25
July promises a benevolent attitude on the part of Italy; Berchtold's satisfaction
(p.
258).
3.
How Italy supported the prolongation of the ultimatum to Serbia and the holding of an
ambassadors' conference (p.
264).
4.
The
Consulta
advises unconditional acceptance by Serbia of the Austrian Note (p.
266).
5.
San Giuliano's proposal and the Serbian
Chargé d'Affaires
in Rome (p.
269).
6.
Berchtold desirous of postponing the discussion of compensation to Italy; Merey opposed to
all concessions (p.
271).
7.
The Italian note on compensation (p.
276).
8.
Italian silence on the demand for the
Trentino; Tschirschky's
views and activities (p.
279).
9.
German pressure on Vienna to keep Italy in the Triple Alliance (p.
282).
10.
The concession of compensation to Italy in the formula of
28
July (p.
286).
11.
San Giuliano's disappointment; renewed pressure on Vienna from Berlin (p.
289).
12
Compensation conceded in the Tschirschky-Berchtold formula of
31
July and accepted
by Avarna (p.
292).
THE ITALIAN DECLARATION OF NEUTRALITY
(29
JULY-
2
AUGUST).
296
1.
Italian diplomatic activity after the Austrian declaration of war on Serbia (p.
296).
2
San Giuliano
on
29
July allows the possibility of Italian intervention on the side of the Central
Powers; the illusions at Berlin and Vienna (p.
299).
3.
The Military Conventions of the Triple Alliance and Cadorna's proposals for co-operation
with the Central Powers (p.
303).
4.
The Austrian Emperor and the Kaiser appeal to Victor Emmanuel; the Italian
declaration of neutrality; San Giuliano's reply to the compensation formula of
31
July
(p.
310).
5.
How Vienna and Berlin were notified of the Italian declaration of neutrality (p.
314).
6.
San Giuliano's letter of
3
August to Avarna and
Bollati
(p.
321).
7.
Victor Emmanuel's telegram to
Wilhelm,
and his statement to
Kleist
(p.
325).
8.
Victor Emmanuel's telegram to Francis Joseph;
San Giuliano
drops a hint about the
Trentino;
Merey's and Berchtold's reactions (p.
331).
9.
The gravity of the Italian decision and the part played in it by Salandra (p.
337).
10.
Italy, England, and the Triple Alliance (p.
343).
11.
The mirage of the
Trentino
and the key to San Giuliano's policy (p.
345).
12.
Italy's treachery disproved by the documents (p.
350).
13.
The Italian ruling classes and the Vatican in the crisis of July
1914
(p.
357).
LAST ENGLISH EFFORTS FOR NEUTRALITY AND FIRST
STEP TOWARDS INTERVENTION.
364
1.
The dissensions within the English Cabinet and their effect on Grey's policy (p.
364).
2.
What Grey said to Paul Cambon; pressure for and against intervention (p.
371).
3.
Alarm in London during the night of
31
July to
1
August; exchange of telegrams between
Poíncaré
and King George V (p.
377).
VIII
THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
1914
4.
On the morning of
1
August Grey holds out to Lichnowsky a prospect of French
and English neutrality (p.
380).
5.
English warning to Germany against the violation of Belgium; Grey refuses to
promise English neutrality in return for respect of Belgium (p.
386).
6.
Paul Cambon's despair on the afternoon of
1
August; his request for at least the
help of the British navy (p.
392).
7.
The Conservatives advocate intervention;
Bonar
Law's letter to Asquith (p.
396).
8.
Lichnowsky's appeals; Cambon's angry words; the Cabinet on
2
August authorizes
the protection of the French coasts (p.
399).
9.
Resignation of Burns and Morley; the Grey-Cambon conversation in the afternoon
of
2
August (p.
403).
10.
The Cabinet decides that the violation of Belgium would oblige England to inter¬
vene (p.
409).
IX. BELGIAN NEUTRALITY AND THE GERMAN ULTIMATUM.
412
1.
Belgium and the treaty of
1839.
How England safeguarded Belgian neutrality in
1870
and
1887
(p.
412).
2.
Belgian relations with France and Germany after
1870;
the Schlieffen plan and the
Barnardiston-Ducarne military agreements (p.
416).
3.
Anglo-Belgian differences and Belgian sympathies for Germany (p.
420).
4.
The views of Joffre and the French Government on the Belgian question (p.
425).
5.
The Bridges episode; France gives up the plan of a maneuver through Belgium (p.
430).
6.
An inquiry by Nicolson; and Grey's assurances to the Belgian Minister (p.
434).
7.
Broqueville's military reforms; the satisfaction in Paris and London;
Wilhelm
and
Moltke make bellicose speeches to King Albert (p.
437).
8.
The Belgian Government's optimism before the presentation of the German
ultimatum (p.
443).
9.
The behavior of the German Minister at Brussels; the content of the German
ultimatum (p.
448).
10.
The Belgian Government decides on resistance and on the refusal of French armed
assistance (p.
455)
11.
The Belgian Government's reply to the German ultimatum (p.
463).
12.
Lingering German hopes; the Belgian appeal to England and France (p.
469).
X. BRITAIN AT WAR.
476
1.
Last German appeal to London for English neutrality (p.
476).
2.
The Cabinet meeting of
3
August agrees on the statement to be made by Grey
(p.
481).
3.
Grey's speech in the House of Commons on the afternoon of
3
August (p.
484).
4.
The sending of the English ultimatum to Berlin (p.
489).
5.
The delivery of the ultimatum (p.
495).
6.
London vainly awaits the German reply; proclamation of the 'state of war' (p.
498).
7.
English reluctance to send troops to the Continent (p.
502).
8.
The Council of War on
5
August decides to send the Expeditionary Force to France
(p.
508).
9.
Asquith'
s
speech in the Commons on
6
August (p.
512).
10.
Grey's ideas on the Belgian question and English intervention (p.
517).
11.
Grey's share of responsibility for the war (p.
523).
XI. AUSTRIA AT WAR WITH THE TRIPLE ENTENTE.
526
1.
Vienna is notified of the proclamation of the
Kriegsgefahrzustand
m
Germany (p.
526).
2.
Germany requests Austria-Hungary to attack Russia immediately; Berchtold's
statements; Conrad's opposition (p.
529).
3.
The Austrian declaration of war on Russia (p.
532).
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
LX
4.
Grey's attitude to Austria-Hungary; Berchtold's desire to postpone the rupture with
England (p.
534).
5.
France decides to break off diplomatic relations with Vienna on the ground of a baseless
report that an Austrian army corps had been dispatched to Alsace-Lorraine
(p.
539).
6.
France and England declare war on Austria-Hungary (p.
542).
XII.
ROMANIAN NEUTRALITY.
546
1. More disappointments for the Central Powers (p.
546).
2.
Berchtold and Conrad fear that Romania will leave the Triple Alliance; first
impressions at Bucharest after the Sarajevo murder (p.
550).
3.
The equivocal Romanian first reaction to the Austrian ultimatum to Serbia (p.
555).
4.
Bratianu's advice to Belgrade; Romanian concern at the prospect of Bulgarian
territorial aggrandizement (p.
559).
5.
Vienna's vague assurances; the shifts and evasions of King Carol and Bratianu
(p.
560).
6.
Bratianu's final maneuver; the German promise of Bessarabia (p.
564).
7.
Russian and French activity at Bucharest; the Russian promise of Transylvania
(p.
568).
8.
The Romanian Crown Council of
3
August decides on neutrality (p.
572).
9.
Romania renounces respect of the Treaty of Bucharest and abandons Serbia to
Bulgarian aggression (p.
575).
XIII.
BULGARIA BETWEEN TRIPLE ALLIANCE AND TRIPLE
ENTENTE.
582
1.
The Sarajevo outrage and projects of an Austro-Bulgarian alliance (p.
582).
2.
King Ferdinand's tergiversations (p.
585).
3.
Failure of the first feelers for an Austro-Bulgarian alliance (p.
589).
4.
Berchtold proposes limits to Bulgarian co-operation in order not to antagonize
Romania (p.
593).
5.
Russian threats and pressure at Sofia (p.
597).
6.
Serbian and Russian promises rejected by the Bulgarian Government as inadequate
(p.
600).
XIV.
THE TURKISH ALLIANCE WITH GERMANY AND OTTO¬
MAN HESITATIONS.
605
1.
Russian and German relations with Turkey (p.
605).
2.
Turkey betwixt alliance with Greece and alliance with Bulgaria (p.
607).
3.
Germany at first refuses to ally with Turkey (p.
610).
4.
The signing of the pact of alliance between Germany and Turkey on
2
August
1914
(p.
613).
5.
Turkey does not go to war; she declares neutrality and makes a feint of negotiating
with Russia (p.
617).
6.
The entry of the Goeben and the
Breslau
into the Bosporus, and the consequences
thereof (p.
620).
XV. THE NEUTRALITY OF GREECE.
624
1.
The Serbo-Greek treaty of alliance; the Serbian attitude towards a war between
Greece and Turkey (p.
624).
2.
Venizelos refuses recognition of the
casus
foederis in an Austro-Serbian war (p.
627).
3.
The feeling in Athens; the decision in favor of neutrality (p.
630).
X THE ORIGINS OF THE WAR OF
1914
4.
Pressure from the Kaiser to obtain Greek support meets with resistance from King
Constantine
(p.
634).
5.
Venizelos favors alliance with the Triple Entente; Russia asks Greece to make territorial
concessions to Bulgaria; Greece refuses (p.
640).
6.
An incomprehensible
démarche
by
Streit;
Greece joins with the Triple Entente (p.
643).
XVI.
MONTENEGRO MAKES COMMON CAUSE WITH SERBIA.
646
1.
Russian distrust of Cetinje; King Nicholas's feelers for an agreement with Austria-Hungary (p.
646).
2.
The question of Serbo-Montenegrin union (p.
648).
3.
King Nicholas's pro-Austrian attitude after the Sarajevo outrage (p.
650).
4.
Berchtold's anxious telegrams to influence Montenegro's decision (p.
653).
5.
King Nicholas's telegram to Prince Alexander; Montenegro mobilizes (p.
655).
6.
Berchtold's final appeal; the Montenegrin
Skupština
decides on intervention on the side of
Serbia; the King dragged into the war (p.
658).
XVII.
THE ATTITUDE OF THE OTHER STATES.
662
1.
Swedish hostility to Russia and tendencies towards alliance with Germany (p.
662).
2.
German pressure at Stockholm; Wallenberg's declarations to the Russian and English
Ministers (p.
666).
3.
The Swedish declaration of neutrality (p.
669).
4.
Norway's sympathies for the Entente; the Anglophil character of Norwegian neutrality (p.
672).
5.
Danish fear of Germany and declaration of neutrality (p.
673).
6.
The Dutch Government's firm stand towards Germany (p.
676).
7.
German assurances at The Hague; Dutch neutrality (p.
678).
8.
The German invasion of Luxemburg (p.
681).
9.
The neutrality of Switzerland (p.
685).
10.
The ancient ties of alliance between England and Portugal; Lisbon's solidarity with London (p.
690).
11.
The neutrality of Spain (p.
691).
12.
Japan intervenes on the side of the Entente (p.
693).
13.
The United States and Wilson's last effort to save peace (p.
699).
BIBLIOGRAPHY
703
INDEX
731 |
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| spelling | Albertini, Luigi 1871-1941 Verfasser (DE-588)119293366 aut The origins of the war of 1914 3 The epilogue of the crisis of July 1914 to the declaration of war and of neutrality Luigi Albertini; transl. and ed. by Isabella M. Massey New York Enigma 2005 XIV, 772 S. Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Massey, Isabella M. Sonstige oth (DE-604)BV021567466 3 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014783362&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014783362&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Albertini, Luigi 1871-1941 The origins of the war of 1914 |
| title | The origins of the war of 1914 |
| title_auth | The origins of the war of 1914 |
| title_exact_search | The origins of the war of 1914 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The origins of the war of 1914 |
| title_full | The origins of the war of 1914 3 The epilogue of the crisis of July 1914 to the declaration of war and of neutrality Luigi Albertini; transl. and ed. by Isabella M. Massey |
| title_fullStr | The origins of the war of 1914 3 The epilogue of the crisis of July 1914 to the declaration of war and of neutrality Luigi Albertini; transl. and ed. by Isabella M. Massey |
| title_full_unstemmed | The origins of the war of 1914 3 The epilogue of the crisis of July 1914 to the declaration of war and of neutrality Luigi Albertini; transl. and ed. by Isabella M. Massey |
| title_short | The origins of the war of 1914 |
| title_sort | the origins of the war of 1914 the epilogue of the crisis of july 1914 to the declaration of war and of neutrality |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014783362&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014783362&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV021567466 |
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