Lietuvos piliakalniai atlasas: 1 Akmenės - Kupiškio rajonai
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Lithuanian |
| Published: |
Vilnius
Leidykla Briedis
2005
|
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Physical Description: | 493 S. überw. Ill. u. Kt. |
| ISBN: | 998673861x |
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MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 cc4500 | ||
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| 001 | BV021510983 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
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| 008 | 060314s2005 xx ab|| |||| 00||| lit d | ||
| 020 | |a 998673861x |9 9986-738-61-x | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)644323341 | ||
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| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a lit | |
| 049 | |a DE-12 | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Baubonis, Zenonas |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Lietuvos piliakalniai atlasas |n 1 |p Akmenės - Kupiškio rajonai |c Krašto Apsaugos Ministerija ... [Sudarytojai: Zenonas Baubonis ; Gintautas Zabiela] |
| 264 | 1 | |a Vilnius |b Leidykla Briedis |c 2005 | |
| 300 | |a 493 S. |b überw. Ill. u. Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 336 | |b sti |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Zabiela, Gintautas |d 1962- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1033452637 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Stončius, Darius |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |w (DE-604)BV021510981 |g 1 |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014727604&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014727604&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
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| 942 | 1 | 1 | |e 22/bsb |g 4793 |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014727604 | |
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1820595746272968704 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Tu ri
nys
Šilutés
rajono
pilíakalniai
. 4
Širvintij
rajono piliakalniai
. 34
Švenčioniu,
rajono piliakalniai
. 56
Tauragès
rajono piliakalniai
. 88
Telšiq
rajono piliakalniai
. 110
Traku, rajono piliakalniai
. 140
Ukmergès
rajono piliakalniai
. 170
Utenos rajono piliakalniai
. 202
Várenos
rajono piliakalniai
. 282
Vilkaviškio
rajono piliakalniai
. 306
Vilniaus
miesto
piliakalniai
. 334
Vilniaus
rajono piliakalniai
. 354
Zárasa
rajono piliakalniai
. 386
Geografiné rodyklè.
446
Literaturas sarasas
. 475
Santrumpos
. 491
Pataisymai irpapildymai
. 492
Gintautas
Zabiela.
Hillforts -
the oldest defence fortifications in Lithuania. Summary
. 493
Priedas. Lietuvos piliakalniq
žemelapis
l-lll
tomy turinys
I tomas
Pratarmé
.
З
Gintautas Zabiela. Piliakalniai
-
seniausieji
Lietuvos gynybiniai jtvirtinimai
. 4
Akmenés
rajono piliakalniai
. 22
Alytaus rajono piliakalniai
. 30
Anykščiq
rajono piliakalniai
. 76
Birštonosavivaldybés
piliakalniai
.110
BiržLj
rajono piliakalniai
.122
Druskininky
savivaldybés
piliakalniai
.128
Elektrénq savivaldybés
piliakalniai
.132
Ignalinos rajono piliakalniai
.146
Jonavos
rajono piliakalniai
.184
Joniškio
rajono piliakalniai
.206
Jurbarko rajono piliakalniai
.214
Kaišiadoriq
rajono piliakalniai
.242
Kalvarijos
savivaldybés
piliakalniai
.286
Kauno
miesto
piliakalniai
.296
Kauno rajono piliakalniai
.310
Kazia
Rudos
savivaldybés
piliakalniai
.348
Kèdainiq
rajono piliakalniai
.352
Keimes
rajono piliakalniai
.372
Klaipèdos
miesto piliakalniai
.402
Klaipédos
rajono piliakalniai
.408
Kretingos rajono piliakalniai
.436
Kupiškio
rajono piliakalniai
.470
II
tomas
LazdiJLj rajono piliakalniai
. 4
Marijampolés
rajono piliakalniai
. 48
Mažeikiy
rajono piliakalniai
. 68
Moleta
rajono piliakalniai
. 94
Pagègiu.
savivaldybés
piliakalniai
.142
Pakruojo rajono piliakalniai
. 158
Palangos
miesto
piliakalniai
. 162
Panevéžio
rajono piliakalniai
.168
Pasvalio
rajono piliakalniai
.178
Plunges
rajono piliakalniai
.184
Рп'епц
rajono piliakalniai
.218
Radviliškio
rajono piliakalniai
.264
Raseiniq
rajono piliakalniai
.280
Rietavo savivaldybés
piliakalniai
.316
Rokiškio
rajono piliakalniai
.324
Skuodo rajono piliakalniai
.360
Sakią rajono piliakalniai
.384
Šalčininkq
rajono piliakalniai
.418
Šiaulig
rajono piliakalniai
.432
Šilalés
rajono piliakalniai
.
Ill tomas
Šilutés
rajono
piliakalniai
. 4
Širvintu.
rajono piliakalniai
. 34
Švenčioniq
rajono piliakalniai
. 56
Tauragés
rajono piliakalniai
. 88
Telšiq
rajono piliakalniai
.110
Traku, rajono piliakalniai
. 140
Ukmergés
rajono piliakalniai
.170
Utenos rajono piliakalniai
.202
Várenos
rajono piliakalniai
.282
Vilkaviškio
rajono piliakalniai
.306
Vilniaus
miesto
piliakalniai
.334
Vilniaus
rajono piliakalniai
.354
Zarasy rajono piliakalniai
. 386
Geograf
inè rodyklè.
446
Literaturos
sarasas.
475
Santrumpos
.491
Pataisymaiirpapildymai
.492
Gintautas Zabiela.
Hillforts -
the oldest defence fortifications in Lithuania. Summary
.493
Priedas. Lietuvos piliakalniy
žemélapis
Pataisymai
ir
papildymai
I tomas
Pusi.
20
¡šspausdinta: Šiame
Lietuvos
piliakalniq atlase aprašoml
824
piliakalniai.
"Пек
јц
buvo
žinoma atlaso rengimo darbq
pabaigoje
2004
m.
gale; turi
buti:
Šiame Lietuvos
ріііакаїпіц
atlase aprašomi
829
piliakalniai. Tiek
јц
buvo
žinoma atlaso
rengimo darbij pabaigoje
2005
m. rudenj.
Pusl.
45
¡šspausdinta:
Еіпогіц
piliakalnìs; turi
buti:
Еіпогопіц
piliakalnis.
Pusi.
90
aprašytas piliakalnis
-
Skiemoniij Drakicko kalnas. Tikrasis piliakalnis
(Pilele,
Pilies Kalnas) (N55°24'49.4"; E25°15'38.6")
yra
310
m j ŠV nuo Drakicko kalno. Jis jrengtas atskiroje kalvoje, juosiamoje žemesniij
pievi).
Aikštelé
ovali,
pailga ŠV-PR
kryptimi,
25x17
m dydžio. Š šlaite,
1,5
m žemiau
yra
naturali
35
m pločio terasa, PV šlaite,
1,5
m nuo viršaus
yra
10
m pločio
terasa. Šlaitai nuolaidus,
8
m aukščio. Piliakalnj labai sužalojo
arimai,
melioracija. Dabar
jis
dirvonuoja.
Piliakalnis
datuojamas
I
tukst. pr. Kr.
-
I tukst.
pradžia.
Pasiekiamas
Skiemoniu-Želtiškiy
keliu, nuo Skiemoniij
bažnyčios pavažiavus
1
km, pasukus
j dešine (Š) lauko keliuku
pro
dešineje
esancią sodybą,
už
200
m
(yra
dešine (j R) nuo kelio).
Tikrąją
piliakalnio
vieta
2005
m. rugpjutj nurodé iš Melénq
kilęs
Albertas
Nargèla.
Меіепц
piliakalnis
iš vakarij
pusès.
2005 09 18.
G. Zabielos
nuotr.
p.
390
nuotrauka
(Раріїіц
piliakalnis)
Pusi.
100
išspausdinta: Ivanauskas,
Zabiela,
2005;
turi
buti: Ivanauskas,
Zabiela,
2004.
Pusi.
126
¡šspausdinta: med.iai; turi
buti:
medžiai.
Pusi.
175
¡šspausdinta:
Pasamanes
piliakalnis; turi
buti:
Puziniškio piliakalnis.
Pusi.
428
išspausdinta: apie šiuos
tyrèjus
neliko; turi
buti:
аріє
šiuos
tyrinèjimus neliko.
Pusi.
456
¡šspausdinta: Situacijos plane Nausodžio piliakalnis; turi
buti:
Mišučiq
piliakalnis.
II
tomas
(М55°54'24.5";
E2So57'0S.H")
Piliakalnis jrengtas Dirdij
ežero V krante esančios aukštumos Š
kraste. Aikštelé orientuota
Š-P kryptimi, keturkampé,
75x45
m
dydžio, iki
1
m
aukštesnémis
R
ir
P
pusèmis.
Šlaitai
vidutinio statumo
-
status,
1,5
(P)
- 25
m (R) aukščio. Piliakalnis labai suardytas
агітц,
dirvonuoja, R šlaito apatiné dalis apaugusi medžiais.
Piliakalnis datuojamas I tukst. pr. Kr.
-
I tukst. pradžia.
Pasiekiamas ¡š
Antanašes
-Кпаипепц
kelio Dirdose, Dirdu. ežero V krante pasukus lauko
keliu per vasarviete virtusj
kaimą
¡r pavažiavus j P
600
m
(yra
kairéje (R), pravažiavus
paskutinę sodybą
kairéje, keliukui sukantis
kiek
dešiniau
ir kylant
j aukštuma).
Piliakalnis surastas
2005
m. rugséjo
25
d.
pagai
Vykinto Vaitkevičiaus
nurodytą
prieškarinj
jo paminéjima.
Dirdg piliakalnis ¡š šiaurés vakarq pusés.
2005 09 25.
G. Zabielos nuotr.
Pusl.
212
VarkaliLj piliakalnio situacijos
plane
Nausodžio
ir
Varkaliq piliakalniai sukeisti vietomis.
Pusl.
234
situacijos
plane
išspausdinta: „Noreikiškiij piliakalniai";
turi
buti:
„Noreikiškiq
piliakalnis".
Pusl.
270
užraše po pianu išspausdinta:
„utoriai"; turi
buti: „Autoriai".
Pusl.
342-343
užrašuose po pianu ¡r nuotraukomis išspausdinta: „Martyniškény";
turi
buti:
„Martiniškénu/'
Pusl.
425
užraše po apatine nuotrauka išspausdinta:
„Kaulèkq"; turi
buti:
„Kurmelioniu".
Pusl.
465
sukeisti užrašai po juodai-baltomis nuotraukomis.
G
inta
utas
Zabiec
Hillforts -
the oldest defence fortifications in Lithuania
SUMMARY
Hillforts
are the best known and the most beautiful archaeological monuments in Lithuania. Their total number
approaches one thousand. Lithuania has more
hillforts,
to which this atlas is devoted, than our neighbouring countries.
The position and structure of
hillforts
Hillforts,
as well as the other archaeological monuments left by the past generations, emerged, developed and
were abandoned along with other contemporary objects interconnected in terms of function. All this is called a complex
of archaeological monuments. It is an accumulation of contemporary objects of different functions, left or used by one
community.
Hillforts
are usually the major element in the whole complex of archaeological monuments.
The concept of "hillfort" is rather broad from both the territorial and the chronological point of view. The
present look of
hillforts
can hardly display common features. That is the consequence of the current condition of
hillforts.
All the
hillforts,
which have survived until today, have been damaged by various natural and human forces.
With reference to the current level of our knowledge of
hillforts
and on the basis of the collected data,
hillforts
are
identified as relief formations featuring close type external earth fortifications with traces of the activities of the people
who once constructed them. The very name of the "hillfort" is rather old and originates from the times when the main
elements of the wooden castle erected on top of the hillfort were earth ramparts. In the Lithuanian language the word
"pilis"
(castlë)
originates from the word
"piiti" {pile,
cast).
A complex of archaeological monuments with a hillfort in the centre comprises foreworks, baileys, foot settle¬
ments, old cemeteries, ritual places, old manufacturing sites, roads, etc., located within the distance of
1
km of the
hillfort. The hillfort, as a defensive facility, contains two basic elements, i.e. the fortified locus itself and its fortifications.
The fortified locus is the levelled summit of the hilltop. It was arranged on the summit of a mound. The levelled summit
was enclosed by earth fortifications, which include ramparts, ditches, terraces and slopes, as well as wood fortifications,
which include various fences, barriers, towers and walls. Only earth fortifications have survived until today. They usually
consisted of several lines. Apart from the main rampart and ditch there used to be one or a few lines of additional smaller
ramparts and shallow ditches.
The hillfort was subjoined by further three constituent parts of the archaeological complex: foot settlements,
foreworks and baileys. Foot settlements, which were attached to the majority of
hillforts,
are uncovered most often.
Foreworks and baileys are scarce satellites of
hillforts,
characteristic exceptionally of the latest
hillforts,
i.e. those dated to
the 13th
-
beginning of the 15th centuries.
The history of investigation and restitution of
hillforts
Comprehension of
hillforts
is impossible without their ¡nvestigion. Two directions of investigations can be
singled out, namely surveys of
hillforts
and archaeological excavations. During surveys information is collected about
the location of the hillfort, its appearance, finds, previous references in sources and literature as well as the verbal
tradition, the site is photographed and in some cases its plan is drafted. An excavated hillfort is identified as a hillfort in
which excavation of an area of no less than 1sq.m. yields fixed material about stratigraphy and finds. By
2005, 184
hillforts
were excavated in Lithuania, of which only the hillfort of
Šeimyniškéliai
was fully investigated during
16
excavation seasons
(1990-2005).
Hillforts
started to attract more attention in the first half of the 19th century
(Pranciškus Vilčinskis,
Frédéric Dubois
de Montepereux). Diverse data on
Lithuanian
hillforts
were presented at the end of the 19th century by Fiodor Pokrovskij.
In
1909
Juozapas Radziukynas published the first Lithuanian booklet devoted to
hillforts.
From
1908
to
1913
Ludwik
Krzywicki conducted extensive excavations of
7
hillforts. C
1925
Petras Tarasenka
prepared the first register of Lithuanian
hillforts.
From
1931
to
1934
General
Vladas
Nagevičius
carried out thorough excavations at
Apuolè
and jpiltis
hillforts
and made coss
-
sections of their ramparts. In the post
-
war period, investigations of
hillforts
were continued by Pranas
Kulikauskas and
Regina
Volkaitè-Kulikauskienè.
All the Lithuanian
hillforts
were then surveyed and the data were
published in the
2nd
volume of the "Archaeological Atlass of the Lithuanian
SSR"
issued in
1975.
After the restoration
of the independence of Lithuania, monument
-
protection
-
type investigations of
hillforts
became more frequent and
a deeper analysis was made of the separate groups of finds thereof.
The need for protection of
hillforts
arose in the beginning of the 20th century and began to materialise only in
the thirties. First of all, an attempt was made to protect them against the devastating anthropogenic factors, i.e. erosions
caused by ploughing, digging, constructions and flows of visitors. In the fifties and sixties,
hillforts,
exposed to the threat
of devastation, were just investigated and left to their fate. From the beginning of the seventies, real efforts to rescue
hillforts
were made. Individual significant
hillforts
were straightened up until the last decade of the 20th century. In
1993,
the Department for Protection of Cultural Values launched an action program aimed at rescuing
hillforts
demolished by
natural forces. Differentiation of rescuing works started: badly damaged
hillforts
of minor significance were measured
and fully investigated, at
hillforts,
which were better preserved, rescuing works were
со
-
ordinated with investigation
of sections affected by corosion, and in some cases the work was restricted to anticorosion fortification of the slopes. In
the result of these undertakings, a number of
hillforts
were straigtened up and adjusted for visitors.
Development of
hillforts
The Lithuanian
hillforts
represent just a small part of the gigantic assemblage of prehistoric fortifications, which
were widespread in the forest and forest
-
steppe zone all over Europe in the prehistoric and early historic times. The first
fortifications appeared in the Near East
10-9
thousand years ago. In Europe, they are known since the Neolithic. The
most famous are the fortifications of the Celts and the Scythians. In the European forest zone, the earliest fortifications
developed from fortified Neolithic settlements. In Lithuania, the earliest
hillforts
date from the
1st
millennium
ВС.
They
can be found in both eastern and western Lithuania. The earliest east Lithuanian
hillforts
belong to the Brushed Pottery
culture, which existed from the turn of the 2nd
-
1st millennium
ВС
until the
2nd
century. With reference to fortifications,
several types of
hillforts
of the Brushed Pottery Culture can be singled out. These include small
hillforts
on top of mounds
without evident fortifications, big
hillforts
without evident fortifications,
hillforts
reinforced by ramparts along the
edges of the levelled hilltop and small
hillforts
with round
-
shaped levelled hilltops, enclosed with
2-3
rings of
fortifications. The main traits of
hillforts
of the Brushed Pottery Culture are reiterated at
hillforts
located in other places
of Lithuania.
At the turn of the
2nd - 3rd
century, the Brushed Pottery Culture disappeared and most of its
hillforts
declined |
| adam_txt |
Tu ri
nys
Šilutés
rajono
pilíakalniai
. 4
Širvintij
rajono piliakalniai
. 34
Švenčioniu,
rajono piliakalniai
. 56
Tauragès
rajono piliakalniai
. 88
Telšiq
rajono piliakalniai
. 110
Traku, rajono piliakalniai
. 140
Ukmergès
rajono piliakalniai
. 170
Utenos rajono piliakalniai
. 202
Várenos
rajono piliakalniai
. 282
Vilkaviškio
rajono piliakalniai
. 306
Vilniaus
miesto
piliakalniai
. 334
Vilniaus
rajono piliakalniai
. 354
Zárasa
rajono piliakalniai
. 386
Geografiné rodyklè.
446
Literaturas sarasas
. 475
Santrumpos
. 491
Pataisymai irpapildymai
. 492
Gintautas
Zabiela.
Hillforts -
the oldest defence fortifications in Lithuania. Summary
. 493
Priedas. Lietuvos piliakalniq
žemelapis
l-lll
tomy turinys
I tomas
Pratarmé
.
З
Gintautas Zabiela. Piliakalniai
-
seniausieji
Lietuvos gynybiniai jtvirtinimai
. 4
Akmenés
rajono piliakalniai
. 22
Alytaus rajono piliakalniai
. 30
Anykščiq
rajono piliakalniai
. 76
Birštonosavivaldybés
piliakalniai
.110
BiržLj
rajono piliakalniai
.122
Druskininky
savivaldybés
piliakalniai
.128
Elektrénq savivaldybés
piliakalniai
.132
Ignalinos rajono piliakalniai
.146
Jonavos
rajono piliakalniai
.184
Joniškio
rajono piliakalniai
.206
Jurbarko rajono piliakalniai
.214
Kaišiadoriq
rajono piliakalniai
.242
Kalvarijos
savivaldybés
piliakalniai
.286
Kauno
miesto
piliakalniai
.296
Kauno rajono piliakalniai
.310
Kazia
Rudos
savivaldybés
piliakalniai
.348
Kèdainiq
rajono piliakalniai
.352
Keimes
rajono piliakalniai
.372
Klaipèdos
miesto piliakalniai
.402
Klaipédos
rajono piliakalniai
.408
Kretingos rajono piliakalniai
.436
Kupiškio
rajono piliakalniai
.470
II
tomas
LazdiJLj rajono piliakalniai
. 4
Marijampolés
rajono piliakalniai
. 48
Mažeikiy
rajono piliakalniai
. 68
Moleta
rajono piliakalniai
. 94
Pagègiu.
savivaldybés
piliakalniai
.142
Pakruojo rajono piliakalniai
. 158
Palangos
miesto
piliakalniai
. 162
Panevéžio
rajono piliakalniai
.168
Pasvalio
rajono piliakalniai
.178
Plunges
rajono piliakalniai
.184
Рп'епц
rajono piliakalniai
.218
Radviliškio
rajono piliakalniai
.264
Raseiniq
rajono piliakalniai
.280
Rietavo savivaldybés
piliakalniai
.316
Rokiškio
rajono piliakalniai
.324
Skuodo rajono piliakalniai
.360
Sakią rajono piliakalniai
.384
Šalčininkq
rajono piliakalniai
.418
Šiaulig
rajono piliakalniai
.432
Šilalés
rajono piliakalniai
.
Ill tomas
Šilutés
rajono
piliakalniai
. 4
Širvintu.
rajono piliakalniai
. 34
Švenčioniq
rajono piliakalniai
. 56
Tauragés
rajono piliakalniai
. 88
Telšiq
rajono piliakalniai
.110
Traku, rajono piliakalniai
. 140
Ukmergés
rajono piliakalniai
.170
Utenos rajono piliakalniai
.202
Várenos
rajono piliakalniai
.282
Vilkaviškio
rajono piliakalniai
.306
Vilniaus
miesto
piliakalniai
.334
Vilniaus
rajono piliakalniai
.354
Zarasy rajono piliakalniai
. 386
Geograf
inè rodyklè.
446
Literaturos
sarasas.
475
Santrumpos
.491
Pataisymaiirpapildymai
.492
Gintautas Zabiela.
Hillforts -
the oldest defence fortifications in Lithuania. Summary
.493
Priedas. Lietuvos piliakalniy
žemélapis
Pataisymai
ir
papildymai
I tomas
Pusi.
20
¡šspausdinta: Šiame
Lietuvos
piliakalniq atlase aprašoml
824
piliakalniai.
"Пек
јц
buvo
žinoma atlaso rengimo darbq
pabaigoje
2004
m.
gale; turi
buti:
Šiame Lietuvos
ріііакаїпіц
atlase aprašomi
829
piliakalniai. Tiek
јц
buvo
žinoma atlaso
rengimo darbij pabaigoje
2005
m. rudenj.
Pusl.
45
¡šspausdinta:
Еіпогіц
piliakalnìs; turi
buti:
Еіпогопіц
piliakalnis.
Pusi.
90
aprašytas piliakalnis
-
Skiemoniij Drakicko kalnas. Tikrasis piliakalnis
(Pilele,
Pilies Kalnas) (N55°24'49.4"; E25°15'38.6")
yra
310
m j ŠV nuo Drakicko kalno. Jis jrengtas atskiroje kalvoje, juosiamoje žemesniij
pievi).
Aikštelé
ovali,
pailga ŠV-PR
kryptimi,
25x17
m dydžio. Š šlaite,
1,5
m žemiau
yra
naturali
35
m pločio terasa, PV šlaite,
1,5
m nuo viršaus
yra
10
m pločio
terasa. Šlaitai nuolaidus,
8
m aukščio. Piliakalnj labai sužalojo
arimai,
melioracija. Dabar
jis
dirvonuoja.
Piliakalnis
datuojamas
I
tukst. pr. Kr.
-
I tukst.
pradžia.
Pasiekiamas
Skiemoniu-Želtiškiy
keliu, nuo Skiemoniij
bažnyčios pavažiavus
1
km, pasukus
j dešine (Š) lauko keliuku
pro
dešineje
esancią sodybą,
už
200
m
(yra
dešine (j R) nuo kelio).
Tikrąją
piliakalnio
vieta
2005
m. rugpjutj nurodé iš Melénq
kilęs
Albertas
Nargèla.
Меіепц
piliakalnis
iš vakarij
pusès.
2005 09 18.
G. Zabielos
nuotr.
p.
390
nuotrauka
(Раріїіц
piliakalnis)
Pusi.
100
išspausdinta: Ivanauskas,
Zabiela,
2005;
turi
buti: Ivanauskas,
Zabiela,
2004.
Pusi.
126
¡šspausdinta: med.iai; turi
buti:
medžiai.
Pusi.
175
¡šspausdinta:
Pasamanes
piliakalnis; turi
buti:
Puziniškio piliakalnis.
Pusi.
428
išspausdinta: apie šiuos
tyrèjus
neliko; turi
buti:
аріє
šiuos
tyrinèjimus neliko.
Pusi.
456
¡šspausdinta: Situacijos plane Nausodžio piliakalnis; turi
buti:
Mišučiq
piliakalnis.
II
tomas
(М55°54'24.5";
E2So57'0S.H")
Piliakalnis jrengtas Dirdij
ežero V krante esančios aukštumos Š
kraste. Aikštelé orientuota
Š-P kryptimi, keturkampé,
75x45
m
dydžio, iki
1
m
aukštesnémis
R
ir
P
pusèmis.
Šlaitai
vidutinio statumo
-
status,
1,5
(P)
- 25
m (R) aukščio. Piliakalnis labai suardytas
агітц,
dirvonuoja, R šlaito apatiné dalis apaugusi medžiais.
Piliakalnis datuojamas I tukst. pr. Kr.
-
I tukst. pradžia.
Pasiekiamas ¡š
Antanašes
-Кпаипепц
kelio Dirdose, Dirdu. ežero V krante pasukus lauko
keliu per vasarviete virtusj
kaimą
¡r pavažiavus j P
600
m
(yra
kairéje (R), pravažiavus
paskutinę sodybą
kairéje, keliukui sukantis
kiek
dešiniau
ir kylant
j aukštuma).
Piliakalnis surastas
2005
m. rugséjo
25
d.
pagai
Vykinto Vaitkevičiaus
nurodytą
prieškarinj
jo paminéjima.
Dirdg piliakalnis ¡š šiaurés vakarq pusés.
2005 09 25.
G. Zabielos nuotr.
Pusl.
212
VarkaliLj piliakalnio situacijos
plane
Nausodžio
ir
Varkaliq piliakalniai sukeisti vietomis.
Pusl.
234
situacijos
plane
išspausdinta: „Noreikiškiij piliakalniai";
turi
buti:
„Noreikiškiq
piliakalnis".
Pusl.
270
užraše po pianu išspausdinta:
„utoriai"; turi
buti: „Autoriai".
Pusl.
342-343
užrašuose po pianu ¡r nuotraukomis išspausdinta: „Martyniškény";
turi
buti:
„Martiniškénu/'
Pusl.
425
užraše po apatine nuotrauka išspausdinta:
„Kaulèkq"; turi
buti:
„Kurmelioniu".
Pusl.
465
sukeisti užrašai po juodai-baltomis nuotraukomis.
G
inta
utas
Zabiec
Hillforts -
the oldest defence fortifications in Lithuania
SUMMARY
Hillforts
are the best known and the most beautiful archaeological monuments in Lithuania. Their total number
approaches one thousand. Lithuania has more
hillforts,
to which this atlas is devoted, than our neighbouring countries.
The position and structure of
hillforts
Hillforts,
as well as the other archaeological monuments left by the past generations, emerged, developed and
were abandoned along with other contemporary objects interconnected in terms of function. All this is called a complex
of archaeological monuments. It is an accumulation of contemporary objects of different functions, left or used by one
community.
Hillforts
are usually the major element in the whole complex of archaeological monuments.
The concept of "hillfort" is rather broad from both the territorial and the chronological point of view. The
present look of
hillforts
can hardly display common features. That is the consequence of the current condition of
hillforts.
All the
hillforts,
which have survived until today, have been damaged by various natural and human forces.
With reference to the current level of our knowledge of
hillforts
and on the basis of the collected data,
hillforts
are
identified as relief formations featuring close type external earth fortifications with traces of the activities of the people
who once constructed them. The very name of the "hillfort" is rather old and originates from the times when the main
elements of the wooden castle erected on top of the hillfort were earth ramparts. In the Lithuanian language the word
"pilis"
(castlë)
originates from the word
"piiti" {pile,
cast).
A complex of archaeological monuments with a hillfort in the centre comprises foreworks, baileys, foot settle¬
ments, old cemeteries, ritual places, old manufacturing sites, roads, etc., located within the distance of
1
km of the
hillfort. The hillfort, as a defensive facility, contains two basic elements, i.e. the fortified locus itself and its fortifications.
The fortified locus is the levelled summit of the hilltop. It was arranged on the summit of a mound. The levelled summit
was enclosed by earth fortifications, which include ramparts, ditches, terraces and slopes, as well as wood fortifications,
which include various fences, barriers, towers and walls. Only earth fortifications have survived until today. They usually
consisted of several lines. Apart from the main rampart and ditch there used to be one or a few lines of additional smaller
ramparts and shallow ditches.
The hillfort was subjoined by further three constituent parts of the archaeological complex: foot settlements,
foreworks and baileys. Foot settlements, which were attached to the majority of
hillforts,
are uncovered most often.
Foreworks and baileys are scarce satellites of
hillforts,
characteristic exceptionally of the latest
hillforts,
i.e. those dated to
the 13th
-
beginning of the 15th centuries.
The history of investigation and restitution of
hillforts
Comprehension of
hillforts
is impossible without their ¡nvestigion. Two directions of investigations can be
singled out, namely surveys of
hillforts
and archaeological excavations. During surveys information is collected about
the location of the hillfort, its appearance, finds, previous references in sources and literature as well as the verbal
tradition, the site is photographed and in some cases its plan is drafted. An excavated hillfort is identified as a hillfort in
which excavation of an area of no less than 1sq.m. yields fixed material about stratigraphy and finds. By
2005, 184
hillforts
were excavated in Lithuania, of which only the hillfort of
Šeimyniškéliai
was fully investigated during
16
excavation seasons
(1990-2005).
Hillforts
started to attract more attention in the first half of the 19th century
(Pranciškus Vilčinskis,
Frédéric Dubois
de Montepereux). Diverse data on
Lithuanian
hillforts
were presented at the end of the 19th century by Fiodor Pokrovskij.
In
1909
Juozapas Radziukynas published the first Lithuanian booklet devoted to
hillforts.
From
1908
to
1913
Ludwik
Krzywicki conducted extensive excavations of
7
hillforts. C
1925
Petras Tarasenka
prepared the first register of Lithuanian
hillforts.
From
1931
to
1934
General
Vladas
Nagevičius
carried out thorough excavations at
Apuolè
and jpiltis
hillforts
and made coss
-
sections of their ramparts. In the post
-
war period, investigations of
hillforts
were continued by Pranas
Kulikauskas and
Regina
Volkaitè-Kulikauskienè.
All the Lithuanian
hillforts
were then surveyed and the data were
published in the
2nd
volume of the "Archaeological Atlass of the Lithuanian
SSR"
issued in
1975.
After the restoration
of the independence of Lithuania, monument
-
protection
-
type investigations of
hillforts
became more frequent and
a deeper analysis was made of the separate groups of finds thereof.
The need for protection of
hillforts
arose in the beginning of the 20th century and began to materialise only in
the thirties. First of all, an attempt was made to protect them against the devastating anthropogenic factors, i.e. erosions
caused by ploughing, digging, constructions and flows of visitors. In the fifties and sixties,
hillforts,
exposed to the threat
of devastation, were just investigated and left to their fate. From the beginning of the seventies, real efforts to rescue
hillforts
were made. Individual significant
hillforts
were straightened up until the last decade of the 20th century. In
1993,
the Department for Protection of Cultural Values launched an action program aimed at rescuing
hillforts
demolished by
natural forces. Differentiation of rescuing works started: badly damaged
hillforts
of minor significance were measured
and fully investigated, at
hillforts,
which were better preserved, rescuing works were
со
-
ordinated with investigation
of sections affected by corosion, and in some cases the work was restricted to anticorosion fortification of the slopes. In
the result of these undertakings, a number of
hillforts
were straigtened up and adjusted for visitors.
Development of
hillforts
The Lithuanian
hillforts
represent just a small part of the gigantic assemblage of prehistoric fortifications, which
were widespread in the forest and forest
-
steppe zone all over Europe in the prehistoric and early historic times. The first
fortifications appeared in the Near East
10-9
thousand years ago. In Europe, they are known since the Neolithic. The
most famous are the fortifications of the Celts and the Scythians. In the European forest zone, the earliest fortifications
developed from fortified Neolithic settlements. In Lithuania, the earliest
hillforts
date from the
1st
millennium
ВС.
They
can be found in both eastern and western Lithuania. The earliest east Lithuanian
hillforts
belong to the Brushed Pottery
culture, which existed from the turn of the 2nd
-
1st millennium
ВС
until the
2nd
century. With reference to fortifications,
several types of
hillforts
of the Brushed Pottery Culture can be singled out. These include small
hillforts
on top of mounds
without evident fortifications, big
hillforts
without evident fortifications,
hillforts
reinforced by ramparts along the
edges of the levelled hilltop and small
hillforts
with round
-
shaped levelled hilltops, enclosed with
2-3
rings of
fortifications. The main traits of
hillforts
of the Brushed Pottery Culture are reiterated at
hillforts
located in other places
of Lithuania.
At the turn of the
2nd - 3rd
century, the Brushed Pottery Culture disappeared and most of its
hillforts
declined |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Baubonis, Zenonas Zabiela, Gintautas 1962- Stončius, Darius |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1033452637 |
| author_facet | Baubonis, Zenonas Zabiela, Gintautas 1962- Stončius, Darius |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Baubonis, Zenonas |
| author_variant | z b zb g z gz d s ds |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV021510983 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)644323341 (DE-599)BVBBV021510983 |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV021510983 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:18:48Z |
| indexdate | 2025-01-07T13:10:03Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 998673861x |
| language | Lithuanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014727604 |
| oclc_num | 644323341 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 493 S. überw. Ill. u. Kt. |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publishDateSearch | 2005 |
| publishDateSort | 2005 |
| publisher | Leidykla Briedis |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Baubonis, Zenonas Verfasser aut Lietuvos piliakalniai atlasas 1 Akmenės - Kupiškio rajonai Krašto Apsaugos Ministerija ... [Sudarytojai: Zenonas Baubonis ; Gintautas Zabiela] Vilnius Leidykla Briedis 2005 493 S. überw. Ill. u. Kt. txt rdacontent sti rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zabiela, Gintautas 1962- Verfasser (DE-588)1033452637 aut Stončius, Darius Verfasser aut (DE-604)BV021510981 1 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014727604&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014727604&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Baubonis, Zenonas Zabiela, Gintautas 1962- Stončius, Darius Lietuvos piliakalniai atlasas |
| title | Lietuvos piliakalniai atlasas |
| title_auth | Lietuvos piliakalniai atlasas |
| title_exact_search | Lietuvos piliakalniai atlasas |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Lietuvos piliakalniai atlasas |
| title_full | Lietuvos piliakalniai atlasas 1 Akmenės - Kupiškio rajonai Krašto Apsaugos Ministerija ... [Sudarytojai: Zenonas Baubonis ; Gintautas Zabiela] |
| title_fullStr | Lietuvos piliakalniai atlasas 1 Akmenės - Kupiškio rajonai Krašto Apsaugos Ministerija ... [Sudarytojai: Zenonas Baubonis ; Gintautas Zabiela] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lietuvos piliakalniai atlasas 1 Akmenės - Kupiškio rajonai Krašto Apsaugos Ministerija ... [Sudarytojai: Zenonas Baubonis ; Gintautas Zabiela] |
| title_short | Lietuvos piliakalniai atlasas |
| title_sort | lietuvos piliakalniai atlasas akmenes kupiskio rajonai |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014727604&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014727604&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV021510981 |
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