Urbanizam Kragujevca: 20. vek Knjiga prva Period od 1878. do 1974. godine
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Kragujevac
Direkcija za Urbanizam i Izgradnju
2004
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| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Personenregister Abstract |
| Physical Description: | 359 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 8681713116 |
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Садржа^
Предговор 9
Увод И
ПЛАНИРАГЬЕ И ГРАТ)Е1ЬЕ КРАГУ1ЕВЦА
1. Корени
1.1. Урбанизаций Срби^е 23
1.2. Преурбанизам 29
1.3. Место и улога Крагуевца 31
1.4. Деветнаести век 36
1.5. Планиран е Крагуевца у 19. веку 46
2. План регулац^е вароши Крагу^евац
2.1. Последней четвртина 19. столеЕа 55
2.2. Урбана структура Крагу)евца крадем 19. века 64
2.3. Почетак 20. века - до Првог светског рата 72
2.4. Ме^уратни период - до 1931. године 94
2.5. Остварен а планских про;екци;а 102
3. Генерални регулациони план града Крагу^евца
3.1. Ме^уратни период - од 1931. до 1941. године 115
3.2. Резултати и остварен а генералног регулационог плана 128
3.3. Време до 1949, односно 1961. године 139
4. Генерални урбанистични план Крагу^евца
4.1. Примена ГУП-а Kojn се припрема (1949-1961. године) 153
4.2. ycBajaibe и ревизира (1961-1965. године) 165
4.3. Урбанистични програм за град Крагу^евац (1965-1974. године) 178
4.4. »Крагу)евац 1974-1977« - измена и допуна ГУП-а 194
4.5. Про;екци)е и резултати у три послератне децегоре 211
СТРУКТУР АЛНА АНАЛИЗА
Тема 1: Три развода прага града 227
Тема 2: Планиран е индустри)е и града 239
Тема 3: Гра^евинско земл иште у Генерал ном плану Крагу)евца 252
Тема 4: Теорийки токови у урбанизму Крагу^евца 267
РЕЗУЛТАТИ ИСТРАЖИВАЕЬА
РЕЗИМЕ ПРИМЕН ЕНЕ МЕТОД ОЛОГЩЕ 295
НА KPAJY ПРВЕ КІБИГЕ 305
ХРОНОЛОШКЕ ТАБЕЛЕ 311
ЛИТЕРАТУРА
НАПОМЕНЕ 331
ПРЕЛИМИНАРНА БИБЛИОГРАФЩА 337
БИБЛИОГРАФСКЕ ЕДИНИЦЕ АУТОРА 339
ИНДЕКС ИМЕНА 342
SUMMARY 347
КЕЬИГА ЗА БУДУЪНОСТ КРАГУІЕВЦА 353
ДЕЛО ДОСТОЩО ВРЕМЕНА 355
О АУТОРУ 359
ИНДЕКС ИМЕНА
Андерсон ƒ. Т. Нобле - 16, 315
Андре)евиЬ Андре^'а ֊ 61, 63, 272, 290, 313
Андре;евиБ Кун Т ор1)е - 164, 281
АнтиЬ Иван - 186
Анвин Раймонд - 120, 276, 315
АугустинчиБ Антун ֊138
БабиБ — 116, 280
БакиБ Д. - 31, 186
Банхам Ра;кер - 321
БешлиБ ֊ 58, 314
Беренс - 315
Бого^евиБ Р. - 153
БожиБ Каменко - 122
Брашован - 119, 280
Бугарски А. - 313
Буле Чарлс - 16, 272
Вагнер Ото - 16, 316
ВарагиБ Дана ֊164
Ват Цемс ֊ 64
Вентури Роберт - 321
Винтер - 312
Виртемберг Карл Александар - 33
Вобан маршал - 25, 33
Ву)иЬ 1оаким ֊ 34
ВуковиБ, министар ֊ 80
ГенчиБ, министар - 80
Гидес Патрик -273
Го^евац Милутин ֊41, 43
Гропи)ус Балтер - 116, 278
Деспот Стефан ֊31
Доби Франц - 43
Добровол ски - 125
ДобровиК Никола - 119, 319, 321
Доксат де Морез Никола - 34
Дубови ֊116, 280
Т}ор1)евиЬ Жива ֊ 142, 319
TioptjeBHh А. - 323
Т)ор1}евиЬ Димитрщ'е - 44
Т}ор1)евиЬ Владан - 57
ТуукиЬ Вера - 298
ЖивковиЬ Никола (Хаци-Неимар) - 43, 311
Залога Леонид - 96, 98, 125
Затьевски - 98, 125
Зите Камило ֊ 16, 47, 63, 72, 75, 76, 267, 270, 273, 290, 302
ЗлоковиБ ֊116, 280
ИвковиБ Лука ֊ 47, 48, 55, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 72, 73, 79, 97, 125, 170, 235,
236, 249, 267, 273, 290, 298, 311, 313
ИлкиБ 1ован - 57, 63, 76, 88, 272, 290, 313, 314, 318
ИсаковиЬ Вук - 33
1анке Франц - 43, 311
JaHKOBHh Иван - 236
1ефтановиЬ 1ованка- 37, 153, 159, 162, 169, 173, 235, 237, 245, 247, 249,
280, 282, 284, 298
1иричек Константин ֊ 24, 31, 55
1окиЬ инжен ер - 62, 314
JochmobhIi Емшпцан ֊ 47, 50, 267, 290, 311, 312
1овановиЬ Константин - 318
1овановиЬ П. - 82
КалановиЬ Воислав ֊ 96
Камбон - 72, 273, 315
Кан Херман - 13
Каниц Феликс ֊ 34, 41, 57, 58, 62, 63, 73, 82, 90, 239
КарациБ Вук - 24, 38
Ковагьевски T^optje - 77, 98, 103, 125, 317, 318
Кожул др, министар ֊122
Kojnh Бранислав ֊ 98, 103, 116
Кордон Барон Франц - 43
Кортус J. ֊ 153
343
Краснов - 98
КрсмановиЬи öpaha - 57
КрстиБ, öpaha - 116, 280
Кн аз Милош ОбреновиЬ - 17, 29, 36, 41, 42, 43, 90, 239
Ле Корбизфе - 115, 116, 159, 162, 183, 278, 316
Леже Б. - 72
Лефевр Анри - 11
Леко Димитрине - 76, 77, 270, 272, 315
Линч Кевин ֊320
Лубри Шарл ֊ 45
ЛуковиЬ Милан - 135
Мацура М. - 153
Мацура Владимир - 30, 55
Maj Ернст ֊ 106, 116, 267, 274, 278
Майстор Веселин - 36, 43
МаксимовиБ Б. - 30, 282, 319
Мамфорд - 276, 321
МандиЬ С. - 153
МарковиЬ О. Марко - 57, 58, 62, 66, 73
МарковиБ Светозар - 61
МарковиЬ Станиша Млатишума - 33
МилиБевиБ М. 4). ֊ 43
Миливо]евиБ М. - 63
МилошевиБ Bi - 80
Милосавл евиЬ Душан - 236, 241
Милосавл евиЬ R Радосав - 115, 121, 122, 123, 125, 138, 235, 242, 278,
280, 298,318
Милосавл евиБ Сима Паштрмац - 36
МиловановиЬ Душан ֊175
Миросавл евиБ Стеван - 61, 62
МитровиБ М. - 153, 175, 186
МитровиБ Владимир ֊135
Мулфорд Робинсон Чарлс - 16, 72, 315
Наполеон III - 16, 267
НастасовиБ Миодраг ֊ 235, 237, 298
НешиБ Боро, потпуковник ֊ 80
НешиЬ Милан - 135
НесторовиЬ Богдан - 116, 278, 317, 318
НесторовиБ Никола - 76, 88
Невола JaH - 43
НиколиЬ Атанасфе - 43
НиколиЬ Милан - 89
НиколиЬ Baca - 95, 316
344
НиколиБ Владимир - 64
НинковиБ Душан - 72, 74, 77, 80, 82, 87, 235, 273, 290
ОбрадовиБ Алекса — 122
Осман Барон - 14, 16, 63, 311
ПашиБ Никола - 61, 72
ПаниБ Д. ֊ 164
ПантовиБ М. - 153
ПетричиБ - 319
ПетровиБ Тодор - 42
Пирх Ото Дубислав - 33
ПоповиБ Момчило - 165, 176, 237, 237, 249, 298
Порфирогенит Константин - 22
Портогези Паоло ֊ 323
ПротиБ С., министар - 80
Прл евиБ М. ֊ 175
Рашевски - 98, 125
РадониБ - 31
РадовановиБ Михаило - 115, 119, 120, 121, 123, 125, 128, 129, 130, 138,
153, 156, 235, 236, 242, 243, 249, 276, 280, 292,
298, 317, 318
РаковиБ Првослав - 247, 249
РистиБ 1ован ֊ 72, 227
РосандиБ Симеон - 62, 90
РувидиБ - 77, 272
Саливен ֊186
СелесковиБ Тодор - 55, 57, 61, 62, 73, 90, 230, 234, 240, 241, 250, 269, 270,
313
Сомборски М. ֊ 153, 319
СпасиБ Живомир - 143
СтефановиБ Стефан Тенка - 44
СтефановиБ Душан - 13
СтефановиБ Настас - 43
Сто)ковиБ С. - 176
ТаназевиБ Бранко - 76, 77, 272, 315, 316
Танге Кензо - 322
ТомиБ /ован - 34
ТопаловиБ Петар - 44
ТричковиБ Миливо)е - 98
ТрифуновиБ Верол уб - 203, 208, 236, 237, 249, 299, 323, 326
Форд Цорц - 16, 316
Фридман 1она - 288, 321
Ханзен, професор - 76
Хауард сер Ебензер - 119, 276, 302
345
Цар Душал - 24
Цви_)иЬ 1ован ֊ 24, 34
Цекобс Це)н ֊321
Ценке Чарлс ֊ 162, 183, 284
Шое Франсоаз - 72, 321
Шони ГДер - 297
Шпер Алберт - 116, 278
Штибен - 14, 267
Шу)ица Н. ֊ 153
346
SUMMARY
The twentieth century is over. The last century of the second millennium
brought dramatic changes .Theglobal urbanization is specific one. Our country is
a part of this process too.
There is no research in our urban literature which had urbanisme as a main
subject of a concrete city through a period of many decades. Kragujevac is an
important leader of urbanization in Serbia. It has a rich experience of urbaniza-
tion. It is a chance to systematize urban theory and the practice of the city which
is realized throughout twentieth century.
This book covers the period from 1878. ( when , after Serbia got its indepen-
dence,
Throughout District Court construction teams were founded) to 1974. (when
urbanistic practice of Kragujevac changed to its continued planning.
The material is treated through two main corpus.
1.CORPUS: PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF KRAGUJEVAC
Kragujevac is mentioned for the first time in written document from 1476. It
was listed as a former — square in special act (tapudefter) of Smederevo region,
that indicates its existence in Serbian medieval state. That name indicates the rea-
son of its origin, business in Lepenka district on the place where medieval road
from Gradac to Borach passed Lepenka river.
Kragujevac was a small Turkish settlement on the space near by Stone Bridge
in the end of seventeenth century.
At the beginning of the eighteen century, in the period from 1718. to 1739. the
North Serbia was a part of Austrian empire. Kragujevac was the centre of ober-
captain of border police leading Sinisha Markovič- Mlatishuma. The fortress was
built similar to European fortified place. The plan of» Moat of Kragujevac« from
that time was the oldest preserved plan of Kragujevac.
After Belgrade peace the fortress was pulled down and Kragujevac became an
oriental settlement again. The central objects from that time were stone bridge,a
muslim’s lodging (konak), trade part in the city (charshija), and several inns
(mahale).
After the success of Second Serbian uprising, prince Milosh made Kragujevac
the capital of free Serbia inl818. He founded the new centre of the city about 800
347
metres up the river than it used to he. First institutions of new state were built
around the spaces of small park of now days; court complex arsenal, the church,
the theatre, the prison, the hospital, and so on.
The space between inherited and new centre was gradually filled with urban
contents, new urban zones were formed (as the zone in the street Svetozar
Markovič, the start ofPalilule, and so on.
After the capital was moved to Belgrade, there was a perid of stagnation of the
development of Kragujevac from 1841. to the foundation of gun foundry at the
half of the nineteenth century. That event gave characteristic mark to Kragujevac
as industrial city for a long period, longer then one century. According to space
planning that period can be divided into several stages.
THE PERIOD OF THE MIDDLE NINETEENTH CENTURY TO THE
FIRST WORLD WAR.
The population of Kragujevac enlarged from several thousand to 15 000
inhabitants. The territory of Kragujevac spread to more than 250 ha. At the
beginning of the period, Kragujevac was connected with »hard« road with sur-
rounding towns. In 1886. the railroad appeared. In 1904. Trmbas waterworks was
made. Power plant started its work in Zavod. Many important objects were built.
Military hospital in 1876. High School in 1888. Old foundry in District Court in
1903. Railway station in 1886. New church. Girls' High School in 1896. Hotel
»Takovo«. Barracks of 19.th regiment, and so on. A good deal of these objects rep-
resents the best constructions inheritance of Kragujevac today.
Making »Plan of regulation of the Kragujevac city« in 1891. was an impor-
tant achievement on the field of town planning.
A very ambitious programme »For the advancement of Kragujevac« was
made in 1910. Making of water and sewage system. Regulation of the Lepenka.
Putting in order same areas. Appearance of Hall. The House of charity. District
shops, and so on were expected with the programme. Realization of the pro-
gramme was prevented by the wars from 1912. to 1918.year.
THE PERIOD BETWEEN WORLD WARS
Kragujevac doubled its population from 1918.to 1941.year and reached to
number of about 39 000 inhabitants. The reconstruction of Military Tehnical
Institut was done in twenties, and enlargement of the factory up to the Zdraljica
was done in twenties. New Hospital, Reinforced concrete bridges over the
Lepenka, railway Kragujevac-Kraqevo, Military trade school, the Teaching
School, Agricultural school, Old Colony; the Theatre, Market place. were built.
The city was considerably enlarged so »The General Regulation plan« ( done from
1931 .to 1936.) enclosed the territory of 960 ha.
New Colony, waterworks Grosnica, international asphalted road were built in
thirties. Several public objects were influenced by new international style of archi-
tecture- Moderna: the house for hunters in Sumarice, Craftsman’s house, the pri-
mary school » King Petear«, Surgery department of the hospital, the House of the
firemen, Kindergarten in Vasharishte, were built in thirties.
348
The airfield was constructed in Sushica field.
Certain moves were done in putting the city in order. In 1924. the monument
of Slovaci s solders was built. In 1926. the square »On the Cross« was accom-
plished, and a square in front of the Court in thirties. »Sumarice » was turned into
»Public Park«. In 1932. in »Small Park« the Monument for killed warriors of
Sumadija were made.
Some sport objects were built: the race track, football ground and space for
shooters in Vasharishte, as a swimming pool in Palilula.
Many representative residential buildings were built in a central area as well
as the whole residential blocks of building in a suburb with modest objects with-
out communal equipments.
THE PERIOD FROM 1945 . TO 1960.
The first part of this period was completed with rebuilding of the objects
which were demolished during the Second World War. From 1953. started the car
industry with intensifying of space development of Kragujevac. At the beginning
of sixties the first phase of new car factory was built, up the river from old
Institutes. The new industrial zone started to develop down the river of the town
( » F. Klajic«, » 21 oktobar«, »K. Veljkovic«, ‘ Red Star«, and so on.).
The population enlarged significantly, and in 1961 there were more than 50
000 inhabitants.
A new building of Asembly, Military House, palace »Pionir« and the Home
of Culture were built in the centre of the city. A new part of the centre »Prodor«
was planned and its realization began with building residential tower and sky-
scrapers.
Social activities realized a few objects: enlargement of the hospital with new
departments, more primary and secondary schools were built. A high school com-
plex by the Upper park is formed. In the field of recreation and sport a new city
stadium and new shooting place were formed. Children’s amusement park was
made and some objects of children’s social protection.
One of the big achievement from this period was forming of Memorial park
»Oktober of Kragujevac« and its gradually setting right.
New residential settlements were built. Collective residential buildings
apeared as a sort of living supported by the state. Free parts of the city which are
not built are filled by individual houses . Urban development began in some out-
skirts settlements (Stanovo, Belosevac, Bresnica).
First general postwar general urban plan began in 1949. It was prepared for
a long time and it was adopted not before 1961. However, in that period it was
used as a base for building and improving of Kragujevac.
» General Urban Plan of Kragujevac« (1961) enclosed urban territory of 1980
ha.
THE PERIOD FROM 1961. TO 1974.
That was a period of very fast courses of urbanization which were seen
through many immigration of the population . Kragujevac was one of the desti-
349
nation to which many courses of inter regional migration were moving ( beside
local movement on the relation village-town). The growth of the population got
its explosive character. In 1961 . number inhabitants in agglomeration was about
62.000. In 1981. was 134 693.
Inherited urban territory in the limits of GUP from 1961. could not accept
new population. One of the reason is the back of building flats in social property.
Although 12 000 such flats were built in that period. That number could not sat-
isfy grown necessity. That’s why the building of individual family, residential
apartments became the dominant form of residential construction in Kragujevac.
With its character , a big consumer of urban land , individual building in
Kagujevac often got irrational forms., developing in great deal unplanned and
illegally introducing sometimes space forms from the village environment of the
native land of the settlers.
All this influenced the fact that the territory of Kragujevac was spread very
extensively. Beside City core, urban development was overflown on the wide zone
of surrounding village place. That is the way how the surrounding zones devel-
oped and grew into urban agglomeration . 17 settlements near by urban regions
were enclosed with that process by 1981. which were inhabited by double more
inhabitants than the statistic region of Kragujevac settlement.
It was difficult to plan such a big city region with emphatic and quick changes
thoroughly .There was a need for irrational and expensive infrastructural systems,
communal equipment and objects of social activities which could not be satisfied
completely. Seizing of agricultural land was increased considerably. The expense
of energy and unredeemable resources as well. The investments increased perma-
nently.
Fast after adoption of GUP as curly as 1962. it was realized that a new plan
must be made. It would introduce new tendency of social -economic progress
based on the development of mighty car-industry. For this purpose » Urban pro-
gramme for the city Kragujevac« was done (ZUKD; Belgrade; 1965.). But new
GUP was not done.
So it happened that Kragujevac in period of very fast development due to
increasing of car industry had no corresponding general plan. Not early than
1974. a document »KRAGUJEVAC 1974-77; The change and amendment» was
introduced, with which existing condition was included and the process of the con-
tinual planning began. During the last quarter of twentieth century two GUP
were introduced »KRAGUJEVAC 2000« and »KRAGUJEVAC 2005.«, and the
plan »KRAGUJEVAC 2015« is in preparation.
Planning and building of Kragujevac is systematized and periodized accord-
ing to the time of their significance of general urban plan of the city. In this way
the base was made for further research of role of urbanism as theoretical and prac-
tical activity during industrial phase of urbanization.
2.C0RPUS: STRUCTURAL ANALYZE
Four themes which are characteristic for urbanism of Kragujevac in observed
period are analyzed. Structural analyze was done:
-Structural threshold adges of the town.
-Industrial course of urbanization of Kragujevac.
-Urban land with special reference to the development of surrounding zones;
and
- Theoretical styles applied during the planning of Kragujevac.
All four analyzed regions structured through relationship according to the
General plans of of the city of Kragujevac which were made during the period
from 1878. to 1974.year.
The resultants of the research can be of the use for those who are dealing with
urbanism , and especially in the regions which are in the industrial phase of
urbanization.
351 |
| adam_txt |
Садржа^
Предговор 9
Увод И
ПЛАНИРАГЬЕ И ГРАТ)Е1ЬЕ КРАГУ1ЕВЦА
1. Корени
1.1. Урбанизаций Срби^е 23
1.2. Преурбанизам 29
1.3. Место и улога Крагуевца 31
1.4. Деветнаести век 36
1.5. Планиран е Крагуевца у 19. веку 46
2. План регулац^е вароши Крагу^евац
2.1. Последней четвртина 19. столеЕа 55
2.2. Урбана структура Крагу)евца крадем 19. века 64
2.3. Почетак 20. века - до Првог светског рата 72
2.4. Ме^уратни период - до 1931. године 94
2.5. Остварен а планских про;екци;а 102
3. Генерални регулациони план града Крагу^евца
3.1. Ме^уратни период - од 1931. до 1941. године 115
3.2. Резултати и остварен а генералног регулационог плана 128
3.3. Време до 1949, односно 1961. године 139
4. Генерални урбанистични план Крагу^евца
4.1. Примена ГУП-а Kojn се припрема (1949-1961. године) 153
4.2. ycBajaibe и ревизира (1961-1965. године) 165
4.3. Урбанистични програм за град Крагу^евац (1965-1974. године) 178
4.4. »Крагу)евац 1974-1977« - измена и допуна ГУП-а 194
4.5. Про;екци)е и резултати у три послератне децегоре 211
СТРУКТУР АЛНА АНАЛИЗА
Тема 1: Три развода прага града 227
Тема 2: Планиран е индустри)е и града 239
Тема 3: Гра^евинско земл иште у Генерал ном плану Крагу)евца 252
Тема 4: Теорийки токови у урбанизму Крагу^евца 267
РЕЗУЛТАТИ ИСТРАЖИВАЕЬА
РЕЗИМЕ ПРИМЕН ЕНЕ МЕТОД ОЛОГЩЕ 295
НА KPAJY ПРВЕ КІБИГЕ 305
ХРОНОЛОШКЕ ТАБЕЛЕ 311
ЛИТЕРАТУРА
НАПОМЕНЕ 331
ПРЕЛИМИНАРНА БИБЛИОГРАФЩА 337
БИБЛИОГРАФСКЕ ЕДИНИЦЕ АУТОРА 339
ИНДЕКС ИМЕНА 342
SUMMARY 347
КЕЬИГА ЗА БУДУЪНОСТ КРАГУІЕВЦА 353
ДЕЛО ДОСТОЩО ВРЕМЕНА 355
О АУТОРУ 359
ИНДЕКС ИМЕНА
Андерсон ƒ. Т. Нобле - 16, 315
Андре)евиЬ Андре^'а ֊ 61, 63, 272, 290, 313
Андре;евиБ Кун Т ор1)е - 164, 281
АнтиЬ Иван - 186
Анвин Раймонд - 120, 276, 315
АугустинчиБ Антун ֊138
БабиБ — 116, 280
БакиБ Д. - 31, 186
Банхам Ра;кер - 321
БешлиБ ֊ 58, 314
Беренс - 315
Бого^евиБ Р. - 153
БожиБ Каменко - 122
Брашован - 119, 280
Бугарски А. - 313
Буле Чарлс - 16, 272
Вагнер Ото - 16, 316
ВарагиБ Дана ֊164
Ват Цемс ֊ 64
Вентури Роберт - 321
Винтер - 312
Виртемберг Карл Александар - 33
Вобан маршал - 25, 33
Ву)иЬ 1оаким ֊ 34
ВуковиБ, министар ֊ 80
ГенчиБ, министар - 80
Гидес Патрик -273
Го^евац Милутин ֊41, 43
Гропи)ус Балтер - 116, 278
Деспот Стефан ֊31
Доби Франц - 43
Добровол ски - 125
ДобровиК Никола - 119, 319, 321
Доксат де Морез Никола - 34
Дубови ֊116, 280
Т}ор1)евиЬ Жива ֊ 142, 319
TioptjeBHh А. - 323
Т)ор1}евиЬ Димитрщ'е - 44
Т}ор1)евиЬ Владан - 57
ТуукиЬ Вера - 298
ЖивковиЬ Никола (Хаци-Неимар) - 43, 311
Залога Леонид - 96, 98, 125
Затьевски - 98, 125
Зите Камило ֊ 16, 47, 63, 72, 75, 76, 267, 270, 273, 290, 302
ЗлоковиБ ֊116, 280
ИвковиБ Лука ֊ 47, 48, 55, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 72, 73, 79, 97, 125, 170, 235,
236, 249, 267, 273, 290, 298, 311, 313
ИлкиБ 1ован - 57, 63, 76, 88, 272, 290, 313, 314, 318
ИсаковиЬ Вук - 33
1анке Франц - 43, 311
JaHKOBHh Иван - 236
1ефтановиЬ 1ованка- 37, 153, 159, 162, 169, 173, 235, 237, 245, 247, 249,
280, 282, 284, 298
1иричек Константин ֊ 24, 31, 55
1окиЬ инжен ер - 62, 314
JochmobhIi Емшпцан ֊ 47, 50, 267, 290, 311, 312
1овановиЬ Константин - 318
1овановиЬ П. - 82
КалановиЬ Воислав ֊ 96
Камбон - 72, 273, 315
Кан Херман - 13
Каниц Феликс ֊ 34, 41, 57, 58, 62, 63, 73, 82, 90, 239
КарациБ Вук - 24, 38
Ковагьевски T^optje - 77, 98, 103, 125, 317, 318
Кожул др, министар ֊122
Kojnh Бранислав ֊ 98, 103, 116
Кордон Барон Франц - 43
Кортус J. ֊ 153
343
Краснов - 98
КрсмановиЬи öpaha - 57
КрстиБ, öpaha - 116, 280
Кн аз Милош ОбреновиЬ - 17, 29, 36, 41, 42, 43, 90, 239
Ле Корбизфе - 115, 116, 159, 162, 183, 278, 316
Леже Б. - 72
Лефевр Анри - 11
Леко Димитрине - 76, 77, 270, 272, 315
Линч Кевин ֊320
Лубри Шарл ֊ 45
ЛуковиЬ Милан - 135
Мацура М. - 153
Мацура Владимир - 30, 55
Maj Ернст ֊ 106, 116, 267, 274, 278
Майстор Веселин - 36, 43
МаксимовиБ Б. - 30, 282, 319
Мамфорд - 276, 321
МандиЬ С. - 153
МарковиЬ О. Марко - 57, 58, 62, 66, 73
МарковиБ Светозар - 61
МарковиЬ Станиша Млатишума - 33
МилиБевиБ М. 4). ֊ 43
Миливо]евиБ М. - 63
МилошевиБ Bi - 80
Милосавл евиЬ Душан - 236, 241
Милосавл евиЬ R Радосав - 115, 121, 122, 123, 125, 138, 235, 242, 278,
280, 298,318
Милосавл евиБ Сима Паштрмац - 36
МиловановиЬ Душан ֊175
Миросавл евиБ Стеван - 61, 62
МитровиБ М. - 153, 175, 186
МитровиБ Владимир ֊135
Мулфорд Робинсон Чарлс - 16, 72, 315
Наполеон III - 16, 267
НастасовиБ Миодраг ֊ 235, 237, 298
НешиБ Боро, потпуковник ֊ 80
НешиЬ Милан - 135
НесторовиЬ Богдан - 116, 278, 317, 318
НесторовиБ Никола - 76, 88
Невола JaH - 43
НиколиЬ Атанасфе - 43
НиколиЬ Милан - 89
НиколиЬ Baca - 95, 316
344
НиколиБ Владимир - 64
НинковиБ Душан - 72, 74, 77, 80, 82, 87, 235, 273, 290
ОбрадовиБ Алекса — 122
Осман Барон - 14, 16, 63, 311
ПашиБ Никола - 61, 72
ПаниБ Д. ֊ 164
ПантовиБ М. - 153
ПетричиБ - 319
ПетровиБ Тодор - 42
Пирх Ото Дубислав - 33
ПоповиБ Момчило - 165, 176, 237, 237, 249, 298
Порфирогенит Константин - 22
Портогези Паоло ֊ 323
ПротиБ С., министар - 80
Прл евиБ М. ֊ 175
Рашевски - 98, 125
РадониБ - 31
РадовановиБ Михаило - 115, 119, 120, 121, 123, 125, 128, 129, 130, 138,
153, 156, 235, 236, 242, 243, 249, 276, 280, 292,
298, 317, 318
РаковиБ Првослав - 247, 249
РистиБ 1ован ֊ 72, 227
РосандиБ Симеон - 62, 90
РувидиБ - 77, 272
Саливен ֊186
СелесковиБ Тодор - 55, 57, 61, 62, 73, 90, 230, 234, 240, 241, 250, 269, 270,
313
Сомборски М. ֊ 153, 319
СпасиБ Живомир - 143
СтефановиБ Стефан Тенка - 44
СтефановиБ Душан - 13
СтефановиБ Настас - 43
Сто)ковиБ С. - 176
ТаназевиБ Бранко - 76, 77, 272, 315, 316
Танге Кензо - 322
ТомиБ /ован - 34
ТопаловиБ Петар - 44
ТричковиБ Миливо)е - 98
ТрифуновиБ Верол уб - 203, 208, 236, 237, 249, 299, 323, 326
Форд Цорц - 16, 316
Фридман 1она - 288, 321
Ханзен, професор - 76
Хауард сер Ебензер - 119, 276, 302
345
Цар Душал - 24
Цви_)иЬ 1ован ֊ 24, 34
Цекобс Це)н ֊321
Ценке Чарлс ֊ 162, 183, 284
Шое Франсоаз - 72, 321
Шони ГДер - 297
Шпер Алберт - 116, 278
Штибен - 14, 267
Шу)ица Н. ֊ 153
346
SUMMARY
The twentieth century is over. The last century of the second millennium
brought dramatic changes .Theglobal urbanization is specific one. Our country is
a part of this process too.
There is no research in our urban literature which had urbanisme as a main
subject of a concrete city through a period of many decades. Kragujevac is an
important leader of urbanization in Serbia. It has a rich experience of urbaniza-
tion. It is a chance to systematize urban theory and the practice of the city which
is realized throughout twentieth century.
This book covers the period from 1878. ( when , after Serbia got its indepen-
dence,
Throughout District Court construction teams were founded) to 1974. (when
urbanistic practice of Kragujevac changed to its continued planning.
The material is treated through two main corpus.
1.CORPUS: PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF KRAGUJEVAC
Kragujevac is mentioned for the first time in written document from 1476. It
was listed as a former — square in special act (tapudefter) of Smederevo region,
that indicates its existence in Serbian medieval state. That name indicates the rea-
son of its origin, business in Lepenka district on the place where medieval road
from Gradac to Borach passed Lepenka river.
Kragujevac was a small Turkish settlement on the space near by Stone Bridge
in the end of seventeenth century.
At the beginning of the eighteen century, in the period from 1718. to 1739. the
North Serbia was a part of Austrian empire. Kragujevac was the centre of ober-
captain of border police leading Sinisha Markovič- Mlatishuma. The fortress was
built similar to European fortified place. The plan of» Moat of Kragujevac« from
that time was the oldest preserved plan of Kragujevac.
After Belgrade peace the fortress was pulled down and Kragujevac became an
oriental settlement again. The central objects from that time were stone bridge,a
muslim’s lodging (konak), trade part in the city (charshija), and several inns
(mahale).
After the success of Second Serbian uprising, prince Milosh made Kragujevac
the capital of free Serbia inl818. He founded the new centre of the city about 800
347
metres up the river than it used to he. First institutions of new state were built
around the spaces of small park of now days; court complex arsenal, the church,
the theatre, the prison, the hospital, and so on.
The space between inherited and new centre was gradually filled with urban
contents, new urban zones were formed (as the zone in the street Svetozar
Markovič, the start ofPalilule, and so on.
After the capital was moved to Belgrade, there was a perid of stagnation of the
development of Kragujevac from 1841. to the foundation of gun foundry at the
half of the nineteenth century. That event gave characteristic mark to Kragujevac
as industrial city for a long period, longer then one century. According to space
planning that period can be divided into several stages.
THE PERIOD OF THE MIDDLE NINETEENTH CENTURY TO THE
FIRST WORLD WAR.
The population of Kragujevac enlarged from several thousand to 15 000
inhabitants. The territory of Kragujevac spread to more than 250 ha. At the
beginning of the period, Kragujevac was connected with »hard« road with sur-
rounding towns. In 1886. the railroad appeared. In 1904. Trmbas waterworks was
made. Power plant started its work in Zavod. Many important objects were built.
Military hospital in 1876. High School in 1888. Old foundry in District Court in
1903. Railway station in 1886. New church. Girls' High School in 1896. Hotel
»Takovo«. Barracks of 19.th regiment, and so on. A good deal of these objects rep-
resents the best constructions inheritance of Kragujevac today.
Making »Plan of regulation of the Kragujevac city« in 1891. was an impor-
tant achievement on the field of town planning.
A very ambitious programme »For the advancement of Kragujevac« was
made in 1910. Making of water and sewage system. Regulation of the Lepenka.
Putting in order same areas. Appearance of Hall. The House of charity. District
shops, and so on were expected with the programme. Realization of the pro-
gramme was prevented by the wars from 1912. to 1918.year.
THE PERIOD BETWEEN WORLD WARS
Kragujevac doubled its population from 1918.to 1941.year and reached to
number of about 39 000 inhabitants. The reconstruction of Military Tehnical
Institut was done in twenties, and enlargement of the factory up to the Zdraljica
was done in twenties. New Hospital, Reinforced concrete bridges over the
Lepenka, railway Kragujevac-Kraqevo, Military trade school, the Teaching
School, Agricultural school, Old Colony; the Theatre, Market place. were built.
The city was considerably enlarged so »The General Regulation plan« ( done from
1931 .to 1936.) enclosed the territory of 960 ha.
New Colony, waterworks Grosnica, international asphalted road were built in
thirties. Several public objects were influenced by new international style of archi-
tecture- Moderna: the house for hunters in Sumarice, Craftsman’s house, the pri-
mary school » King Petear«, Surgery department of the hospital, the House of the
firemen, Kindergarten in Vasharishte, were built in thirties.
348
The airfield was constructed in Sushica field.
Certain moves were done in putting the city in order. In 1924. the monument
of Slovaci s solders was built. In 1926. the square »On the Cross« was accom-
plished, and a square in front of the Court in thirties. »Sumarice » was turned into
»Public Park«. In 1932. in »Small Park« the Monument for killed warriors of
Sumadija were made.
Some sport objects were built: the race track, football ground and space for
shooters in Vasharishte, as a swimming pool in Palilula.
Many representative residential buildings were built in a central area as well
as the whole residential blocks of building in a suburb with modest objects with-
out communal equipments.
THE PERIOD FROM 1945 . TO 1960.
The first part of this period was completed with rebuilding of the objects
which were demolished during the Second World War. From 1953. started the car
industry with intensifying of space development of Kragujevac. At the beginning
of sixties the first phase of new car factory was built, up the river from old
Institutes. The new industrial zone started to develop down the river of the town
( » F. Klajic«, » 21 oktobar«, »K. Veljkovic«, ‘ Red Star«, and so on.).
The population enlarged significantly, and in 1961 there were more than 50
000 inhabitants.
A new building of Asembly, Military House, palace »Pionir« and the Home
of Culture were built in the centre of the city. A new part of the centre »Prodor«
was planned and its realization began with building residential tower and sky-
scrapers.
Social activities realized a few objects: enlargement of the hospital with new
departments, more primary and secondary schools were built. A high school com-
plex by the Upper park is formed. In the field of recreation and sport a new city
stadium and new shooting place were formed. Children’s amusement park was
made and some objects of children’s social protection.
One of the big achievement from this period was forming of Memorial park
»Oktober of Kragujevac« and its gradually setting right.
New residential settlements were built. Collective residential buildings
apeared as a sort of living supported by the state. Free parts of the city which are
not built are filled by individual houses . Urban development began in some out-
skirts settlements (Stanovo, Belosevac, Bresnica).
First general postwar general urban plan began in 1949. It was prepared for
a long time and it was adopted not before 1961. However, in that period it was
used as a base for building and improving of Kragujevac.
» General Urban Plan of Kragujevac« (1961) enclosed urban territory of 1980
ha.
THE PERIOD FROM 1961. TO 1974.
That was a period of very fast courses of urbanization which were seen
through many immigration of the population . Kragujevac was one of the desti-
349
nation to which many courses of inter regional migration were moving ( beside
local movement on the relation village-town). The growth of the population got
its explosive character. In 1961 . number inhabitants in agglomeration was about
62.000. In 1981. was 134 693.
Inherited urban territory in the limits of GUP from 1961. could not accept
new population. One of the reason is the back of building flats in social property.
Although 12 000 such flats were built in that period. That number could not sat-
isfy grown necessity. That’s why the building of individual family, residential
apartments became the dominant form of residential construction in Kragujevac.
With its character , a big consumer of urban land , individual building in
Kagujevac often got irrational forms., developing in great deal unplanned and
illegally introducing sometimes space forms from the village environment of the
native land of the settlers.
All this influenced the fact that the territory of Kragujevac was spread very
extensively. Beside City core, urban development was overflown on the wide zone
of surrounding village place. That is the way how the surrounding zones devel-
oped and grew into urban agglomeration . 17 settlements near by urban regions
were enclosed with that process by 1981. which were inhabited by double more
inhabitants than the statistic region of Kragujevac settlement.
It was difficult to plan such a big city region with emphatic and quick changes
thoroughly .There was a need for irrational and expensive infrastructural systems,
communal equipment and objects of social activities which could not be satisfied
completely. Seizing of agricultural land was increased considerably. The expense
of energy and unredeemable resources as well. The investments increased perma-
nently.
Fast after adoption of GUP as curly as 1962. it was realized that a new plan
must be made. It would introduce new tendency of social -economic progress
based on the development of mighty car-industry. For this purpose » Urban pro-
gramme for the city Kragujevac« was done (ZUKD; Belgrade; 1965.). But new
GUP was not done.
So it happened that Kragujevac in period of very fast development due to
increasing of car industry had no corresponding general plan. Not early than
1974. a document »KRAGUJEVAC 1974-77; The change and amendment» was
introduced, with which existing condition was included and the process of the con-
tinual planning began. During the last quarter of twentieth century two GUP
were introduced »KRAGUJEVAC 2000« and »KRAGUJEVAC 2005.«, and the
plan »KRAGUJEVAC 2015« is in preparation.
Planning and building of Kragujevac is systematized and periodized accord-
ing to the time of their significance of general urban plan of the city. In this way
the base was made for further research of role of urbanism as theoretical and prac-
tical activity during industrial phase of urbanization.
2.C0RPUS: STRUCTURAL ANALYZE
Four themes which are characteristic for urbanism of Kragujevac in observed
period are analyzed. Structural analyze was done:
-Structural threshold adges of the town.
-Industrial course of urbanization of Kragujevac.
-Urban land with special reference to the development of surrounding zones;
and
- Theoretical styles applied during the planning of Kragujevac.
All four analyzed regions structured through relationship according to the
General plans of of the city of Kragujevac which were made during the period
from 1878. to 1974.year.
The resultants of the research can be of the use for those who are dealing with
urbanism , and especially in the regions which are in the industrial phase of
urbanization.
351 |
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| geographic | Kragujevac (DE-588)4265177-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Kragujevac |
| id | DE-604.BV021505410 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:16:57Z |
| indexdate | 2024-11-22T11:04:10Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 8681713116 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014722092 |
| oclc_num | 162335298 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 359 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| publishDate | 2004 |
| publishDateSearch | 2004 |
| publishDateSort | 2004 |
| publisher | Direkcija za Urbanizam i Izgradnju |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Trifunović, Veroljub Verfasser aut Urbanizam Kragujevca 20. vek Knjiga prva Period od 1878. do 1974. godine Veroljub S. Trifunović Kragujevac Direkcija za Urbanizam i Izgradnju 2004 359 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1878-1974 gnd rswk-swf Stadtentwicklung (DE-588)4056730-8 gnd rswk-swf Stadtforschung (DE-588)4182741-7 gnd rswk-swf Kragujevac (DE-588)4265177-3 gnd rswk-swf Kragujevac (DE-588)4265177-3 g Stadtentwicklung (DE-588)4056730-8 s Stadtforschung (DE-588)4182741-7 s Geschichte 1878-1974 z DE-604 (DE-604)BV021505405 1 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014722092&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014722092&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014722092&sequence=000003&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Trifunović, Veroljub Urbanizam Kragujevca 20. vek Stadtentwicklung (DE-588)4056730-8 gnd Stadtforschung (DE-588)4182741-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4056730-8 (DE-588)4182741-7 (DE-588)4265177-3 |
| title | Urbanizam Kragujevca 20. vek |
| title_auth | Urbanizam Kragujevca 20. vek |
| title_exact_search | Urbanizam Kragujevca 20. vek |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Urbanizam Kragujevca 20. vek |
| title_full | Urbanizam Kragujevca 20. vek Knjiga prva Period od 1878. do 1974. godine Veroljub S. Trifunović |
| title_fullStr | Urbanizam Kragujevca 20. vek Knjiga prva Period od 1878. do 1974. godine Veroljub S. Trifunović |
| title_full_unstemmed | Urbanizam Kragujevca 20. vek Knjiga prva Period od 1878. do 1974. godine Veroljub S. Trifunović |
| title_short | Urbanizam Kragujevca |
| title_sort | urbanizam kragujevca 20 vek period od 1878 do 1974 godine |
| title_sub | 20. vek |
| topic | Stadtentwicklung (DE-588)4056730-8 gnd Stadtforschung (DE-588)4182741-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Stadtentwicklung Stadtforschung Kragujevac |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014722092&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014722092&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014722092&sequence=000003&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV021505405 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT trifunovicveroljub urbanizamkragujevca20vekknjigaprva |