The NEXT biotechnology: beyond the attempts at cloning biotech clusters
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Hamburg
Selbstverl. Inst. für Geographie der Univ. Hamburg
2005
|
| Series: | Hamburger Beiträge zur geographischen Forschung
4 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | 417 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 3980686558 |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The NEXT biotechnology |b beyond the attempts at cloning biotech clusters |c Bernhard Fuhrer |
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Table of
Contente
1.
Introduction...,
I··»·········*··»·······»····*···**···*··***********·
2.
An explorative look at biotech clusters
........................................................9
2.1
Definition of biotechnology
........................................................................9
2.2
Technological basics of biotechnology
....................................................10
2.2.1
The biotech basics: Chromosomes, genes and proteins
.....................11
2.2.2
Red biotechnology
...........................................................................13
2.2.2.1
First generation technologies: Genetic engineering
....................13
2.2.2.2
Second generation technologies
..................................................15
2.2.2.3
Summary
......................................................................................20
2.2.3
Green biotechnology
.......................................................................20
2.2.3.1
Agricultural biotechnology
..........................................................20
2.2.3.2
Environmental biotechnology
......................................................21
2.2.4
Grey biotechnology
.........................................................................22
2.3
Commercial basics of biotechnology
.......................................................23
2.3.1
Market competition in healthcare between entrant dedicated
biotech firms and incumbent large development companies
.............24
2.3.2
Market potential for red biotech
.........................................................32
2.3.3
Market potential of green biotech
......................................................36
2.3.4
Actual performance (market and employment in overall industry)...
38
2.4
Spatial basics of biotechnology: Clusters
.................................................45
2.4.1
Preliminary definition of cluster
........................................................45
2.4.2
Sources and potential problems of localized biotech statistics
..........46
2.4.3
Biotech clusters in the U.S. and Europe: Overview
...........................48
2.4.3.
í
National biotechnology databases
...............................................48
2.4.3.2
Biotech reports
.............................................................................51
2.5
Results of the explorative look at biotechnology and clustering
..............56
3.
Defining the research agenda: Goals of the study, empirical
approach, theoretical framework and research methods
........................59
3.1
Goals of the study
.....................................................................................59
3.1.1
Comparison and evaluation of two European clusters initiatives
and their host regions (case studies: Basel
/
BioValley
and
Paris/Genopole)
..................................................................................60
3.1.2
U.S.
-
European cluster comparison in order to clarify reasons for
U.S. development lead (case study: Boston/Genetown™)
................61
3.2
Empirical, case study approach
..............................................................62
3.2.1
Epistemological
reasons for the unorthodox sequence of the
casestudies
.........................................................................................62
3.2.2
Research roadmap
..............................................................................64
3.2.3
Study clusters fact sheet
....................................................................64
3.2.3.1
Basel/BioValley
...........................................................................65
3.2.3.2
Paris/Genopole
.............................................................................68
3.2.3.3
Boston/Genetown™
....................................................................71
3.3
Theoretical framework and development of empirical questions
............74
3.3.1
General reasons for spatial clustering
................................................75
3.3.1.1
Flexible production (commercial factors)
...................................75
3.3.1.2
Innovation economies (technological factors)
.............................77
3.3.1.3
Governance (institutional factors)
...............................................79
3.3.1.4
Summary: Commercial, technological and institutional
factors defining the cluster factor-trinity
..................................80
3.3.2
Biotech cluster factor-trinity : commercial, technological and
institutional biotech cluster factors
....................................................82
3.3.2.1
Commercial factors of biotech clusters
.......................................82
3.3.2.2
Technological factors of biotech clusters
....................................87
3.3.2.3
Institutional factors of biotech clusters
........................................89
3.3.3
Result: Cluster-trinity empirical grid
.................................................93
3.4
Research methods
.....................................................................................95
3.4.1
Experts interviews
.............................................................................95
3.4.1.1
Difficulties concerning experts interviews
.................................99
3.4.2
Published sources
.............................................................................102
4.
European case studies................................................................................
105
4.1
Basel
/
BioValley
....................................................................................105
4.1.1
Part I: The region
..............................................................................105
4.1.1.1
Institutional factors
....................................................................106
4.1.1.2
Technological factors
.................................................................131
4.1.1.3
Commercial factors
....................................................................144
4.1.2
Part
П:
The BioValley cluster initiative
...........................................164
4.1.2.1
Institutional embedding
.............................................................165
4.1.2.2
Technological embedding
..........................................................175
4.1.2.3
Commercial embedding
.............................................................177
4.2
Paris
/
Genopole
......................................................................................181
4.2.1
Part I: The region.;
............................................................................181
4.2.1.1
Institutional factors
....................................................................181
4.2.1.2
Technological factors
.................................................................217
4.2.1.3
Commercial factors
....................................................................234
4.2.2
Part
11:
The Genopole cluster initiative
............................................261
4.2.2.1
Institutional embedding
.............................................................262
4.2.2.2
Technological embedding
..........................................................267
4.2.2.3
Commercial embedding
.............................................................273
5.
Comparison of European cluster initiatives and their regions..............
279
5.1
Comparison of Basel and Paris
...............................................................279
5.1.1
Institutional factors
...........................................................................279
5.1.2
Technological factors
.......................................................................281
5.1.3
Commercial factors
..........................................................................282
5.1.4
Summary: Basel-Paris comparison according to cluster trinity
factors
...............................................................................................284
5.2
Comparison of
BioValley
and Genopole
................................................286
5.2.1
Institutional assessment
....................................................................286
5.2.2
Technological assessment
................................................................288
5.2.3
Commercial assessment
...................................................................289
5.2.4
Summary: BioValley-Genopole comparison according to cluster
trinity factors
....................................................................................290
5.3
Summary: Comparison of European case studies
..................................291
6.
U.S. case study
............................................................................................295
6.1
Research questions for U.S. case study derived from results of
European clusters
.................................................................................295
6.1.1
Questions concerning technological factors
....................................295
6.1.2
Questions concerning commercial factors
.......................................296
6.2
Boston
/
Genetown™
..............................................................................297
6.2.1
Technological factors
.......................................................................297
6.2.1.1
Scope and organization of public R&D investment in the U.S.
298
6.2.1.2
Geographical distribution of R&D investment
.........................310
6.2.2
Commercial factors
..........................................................................321
6.2.2.1
Regulatory environment
............................................................321
6.2.2.2
Markets and industry dynamic
..................................................329
6.2.3
Summary: Boston
/
Genetown™
.....................................................343
7.
Comparison of U.S. vs. European clusters
..............................................351
7.1
Transatlantic comparison of technological factors
.................................351
7.1.1
Public European R&D investment
...................................................351
7.1.1.1
EU
common R&D biotech funding
.................:.........................352
7.1.1.2
Member States funding
............................................................353
7.1.2
Reasons for European deficiencies
..................................................358
7.1.2.1
Different spending priorities
......................................................359
7.1.2.2
Structural issues
.........................................................................361
7.1.3
Attempts at reform
...........................................................................368
7.2
Transatlantic comparison of commercial factors
...................................370
7.2.1
Regulatory environment
...................................................................370
7.2.1.1
Patenting
....................................................................................370
7.2.1.2
Safety and drag approval
...........................................................371
7.2.2
Markets
.............................................................................................372
7.2.2.1
Capital market
............................................................................372
7.2.2.2
Product market
...........................................................................374
7.2.2.3
Technology market
....................................................................376
7.3
Summary: U.S.
-
European cluster comparison
.....................................378
8. Conclusion.............................................................„....................................381
8.1
Repetition: Summary of case studyresults
............................................381
8.1.1
Basel
/BioValley-
Paris/Genopole
...............................................381
8.1.2
Genetown™
......................................................................................382
8.2
Factor trinity cluster model
.....................................................................383
8.3
Cluster categories based on the trinity cluster model
.............................385
8.3.1
U.S. Cluster: Evolutionary innovation cluster
.................................385
8.3.2
European clusters : Policy-driven emulation clusters
....................387
8.4
Policy recommendations
.........................................................................390
8.4.1
Overcoming emulation: choice or framework
............................391
8.4.2
Mid-term scenario: choice of applied fundamental research in
environmental biotechnology
...........................................................392
8.4.3
Long-term scenario: Virtual clusters as framework for European
research area
.....................................................................................394
8.4.4
Recommendations for Basel
/
Bio Valley and Switzerland
..............397
8.4.5
Recommendation for Paris
/
Genopole and France
.........................398
8.4.6
Outlook
.............................................................................................399
9.
Appendix
..................................................................................................... 401
9.1
Bibliography
...........................................................................................401
9.1.1
Scientific books and articles
.............................................................401
9.1.2
Interviews
.........................................................................................405
9.1.3
Company reports and web resources
...............................................407
9.1.4
Newspaper and magazine articles
....................................................413
9.1.5
Conference contributions
.................................................................415
9.1.6
Audio-visual materials
.....................................................................415
9.2
List of Interview partners (sorted by case studies and interview date)
..415
9.2.1
BioValley
.........................................................................................415
9.2.2
Genopole
................................................................................... .......416
9.2.3
Boston
...............................................................................................417
|
| adam_txt |
Table of
Contente
1.
Introduction.,
I··»·········*··»·······»····*···**···*··***********·
2.
An explorative look at biotech clusters
.9
2.1
Definition of biotechnology
.9
2.2
Technological basics of biotechnology
.10
2.2.1
The biotech basics: Chromosomes, genes and proteins
.11
2.2.2
'Red'biotechnology
.13
2.2.2.1
First generation technologies: Genetic engineering
.13
2.2.2.2
Second generation technologies
.15
2.2.2.3
Summary
.20
2.2.3
'Green' biotechnology
.20
2.2.3.1
Agricultural biotechnology
.20
2.2.3.2
Environmental biotechnology
.21
2.2.4
'Grey' biotechnology
.22
2.3
Commercial basics of biotechnology
.23
2.3.1
Market competition in healthcare between entrant dedicated
biotech firms and incumbent large development companies
.24
2.3.2
Market potential for red biotech
.32
2.3.3
Market potential of green biotech
.36
2.3.4
Actual performance (market and employment in overall industry).
38
2.4
Spatial basics of biotechnology: Clusters
.45
2.4.1
Preliminary definition of cluster
.45
2.4.2
Sources and potential problems of localized biotech statistics
.46
2.4.3
Biotech clusters in the U.S. and Europe: Overview
.48
2.4.3.
í
National biotechnology databases
.48
2.4.3.2
Biotech reports
.51
2.5
Results of the explorative look at biotechnology and clustering
.56
3.
Defining the research agenda: Goals of the study, empirical
approach, theoretical framework and research methods
.59
3.1
Goals of the study
.59
3.1.1
Comparison and evaluation of two European clusters initiatives
and their host regions (case studies: Basel
/
BioValley
and
Paris/Genopole)
.60
3.1.2
U.S.
-
European cluster comparison in order to clarify reasons for
U.S. development lead (case study: Boston/Genetown™)
.61
3.2
Empirical, 'case study' approach
.62
3.2.1
Epistemological
reasons for the 'unorthodox' sequence of the
casestudies
.62
3.2.2
Research roadmap
.64
3.2.3
Study clusters' fact sheet
.64
3.2.3.1
Basel/BioValley
.65
3.2.3.2
Paris/Genopole
.68
3.2.3.3
Boston/Genetown™
.71
3.3
Theoretical framework and development of empirical questions
.74
3.3.1
General reasons for spatial clustering
.75
3.3.1.1
Flexible production (commercial factors)
.75
3.3.1.2
Innovation economies (technological factors)
.77
3.3.1.3
Governance (institutional factors)
.79
3.3.1.4
Summary: Commercial, technological and institutional
factors defining the cluster 'factor-trinity'
.80
3.3.2
Biotech cluster 'factor-trinity': commercial, technological and
institutional biotech cluster factors
.82
3.3.2.1
Commercial factors of biotech clusters
.82
3.3.2.2
Technological factors of biotech clusters
.87
3.3.2.3
Institutional factors of biotech clusters
.89
3.3.3
Result: Cluster-trinity empirical grid
.93
3.4
Research methods
.95
3.4.1
Experts'interviews
.95
3.4.1.1
Difficulties concerning experts' interviews
.99
3.4.2
Published sources
.102
4.
European case studies.
105
4.1
Basel
/
BioValley
.105
4.1.1
Part I: The region
.105
4.1.1.1
Institutional factors
.106
4.1.1.2
Technological factors
.131
4.1.1.3
Commercial factors
.144
4.1.2
Part
П:
The BioValley cluster initiative
.164
4.1.2.1
Institutional embedding
.165
4.1.2.2
Technological embedding
.175
4.1.2.3
Commercial embedding
.177
4.2
Paris
/
Genopole
.181
4.2.1
Part I: The region.;
.181
4.2.1.1
Institutional factors
.181
4.2.1.2
Technological factors
.217
4.2.1.3
Commercial factors
.234
4.2.2
Part
11:
The Genopole cluster initiative
.261
4.2.2.1
Institutional embedding
.262
4.2.2.2
Technological embedding
.267
4.2.2.3
Commercial embedding
.273
5.
Comparison of European cluster initiatives and their regions.
279
5.1
Comparison of Basel and Paris
.279
5.1.1
Institutional factors
.279
5.1.2
Technological factors
.281
5.1.3
Commercial factors
.282
5.1.4
Summary: Basel-Paris comparison according to cluster trinity
factors
.284
5.2
Comparison of
BioValley
and Genopole
.286
5.2.1
Institutional assessment
.286
5.2.2
Technological assessment
.288
5.2.3
Commercial assessment
.289
5.2.4
Summary: BioValley-Genopole comparison according to cluster
trinity factors
.290
5.3
Summary: Comparison of European case studies
.291
6.
U.S. case study
.295
6.1
Research questions for U.S. case study derived from results of
European'clusters'
.295
6.1.1
Questions concerning technological factors
.295
6.1.2
Questions concerning commercial factors
.296
6.2
Boston
/
Genetown™
.297
6.2.1
Technological factors
.297
6.2.1.1
Scope and organization of public R&D investment in the U.S.
298
6.2.1.2
Geographical distribution of R&D investment
.310
6.2.2
Commercial factors
.321
6.2.2.1
Regulatory environment
.321
6.2.2.2
Markets and industry dynamic
.329
6.2.3
Summary: Boston
/
Genetown™
.343
7.
Comparison of U.S. vs. European clusters
.351
7.1
Transatlantic comparison of technological factors
.351
7.1.1
Public European R&D investment
.351
7.1.1.1
EU
common R&D biotech funding
.:.352
7.1.1.2
Member States'funding
.353
7.1.2
Reasons for European deficiencies
.358
7.1.2.1
Different spending priorities
.359
7.1.2.2
Structural issues
.361
7.1.3
Attempts at reform
.368
7.2
Transatlantic comparison of commercial factors
.370
7.2.1
Regulatory environment
.370
7.2.1.1
Patenting
.370
7.2.1.2
Safety and drag approval
.371
7.2.2
Markets
.372
7.2.2.1
Capital market
.372
7.2.2.2
Product market
.374
7.2.2.3
Technology market
.376
7.3
Summary: U.S.
-
European cluster comparison
.378
8. Conclusion.„.381
8.1
Repetition: Summary of case studyresults
.381
8.1.1
Basel
/BioValley-
Paris/Genopole
.381
8.1.2
Genetown™
.382
8.2
Factor trinity cluster model
.383
8.3
Cluster categories based on the trinity cluster model
.385
8.3.1
U.S. Cluster: Evolutionary innovation cluster
.385
8.3.2
European 'clusters': Policy-driven emulation clusters
.387
8.4
Policy recommendations
.390
8.4.1
Overcoming emulation: 'choice' or 'framework'
.391
8.4.2
Mid-term scenario: 'choice' of applied fundamental research in
environmental biotechnology
.392
8.4.3
Long-term scenario: Virtual clusters as framework for European
research area
.394
8.4.4
Recommendations for Basel
/
Bio Valley and Switzerland
.397
8.4.5
Recommendation for Paris
/
Genopole and France
.398
8.4.6
Outlook
.399
9.
Appendix
. 401
9.1
Bibliography
.401
9.1.1
Scientific books and articles
.401
9.1.2
Interviews
.405
9.1.3
Company reports and web resources
.407
9.1.4
Newspaper and magazine articles
.413
9.1.5
Conference contributions
.415
9.1.6
Audio-visual materials
.415
9.2
List of Interview partners (sorted by case studies and interview date)
.415
9.2.1
BioValley
.415
9.2.2
Genopole
.'.416
9.2.3
Boston
.417 |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 gnd USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd Basel Region (DE-588)4004620-5 gnd Paris Region (DE-588)4044662-1 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Europa USA Basel Region Paris Region |
| id | DE-604.BV021491540 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:12:52Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:37:01Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3980686558 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014708362 |
| oclc_num | 70868391 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-739 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-824 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-29 DE-12 DE-20 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-703 DE-83 DE-11 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-739 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-824 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-29 DE-12 DE-20 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-703 DE-83 DE-11 DE-188 |
| physical | 417 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publishDateSearch | 2005 |
| publishDateSort | 2005 |
| publisher | Selbstverl. Inst. für Geographie der Univ. Hamburg |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Hamburger Beiträge zur geographischen Forschung |
| series2 | Hamburger Beiträge zur geographischen Forschung |
| spelling | Fuhrer, Bernhard Verfasser aut The NEXT biotechnology beyond the attempts at cloning biotech clusters Bernhard Fuhrer Hamburg Selbstverl. Inst. für Geographie der Univ. Hamburg 2005 417 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hamburger Beiträge zur geographischen Forschung 4 Zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., FB Geowiss., Diss., 2004 Biotechnology Research Biotechnologie (DE-588)4069491-4 gnd rswk-swf Biotechnologische Industrie (DE-588)4208106-3 gnd rswk-swf Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf Basel Region (DE-588)4004620-5 gnd rswk-swf Paris Region (DE-588)4044662-1 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Basel Region (DE-588)4004620-5 g Biotechnologische Industrie (DE-588)4208106-3 s Paris Region (DE-588)4044662-1 g DE-604 Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 g USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Biotechnologie (DE-588)4069491-4 s DE-188 Hamburger Beiträge zur geographischen Forschung 4 (DE-604)BV017088738 4 Digitalisierung UBPassau application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014708362&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Fuhrer, Bernhard The NEXT biotechnology beyond the attempts at cloning biotech clusters Hamburger Beiträge zur geographischen Forschung Biotechnology Research Biotechnologie (DE-588)4069491-4 gnd Biotechnologische Industrie (DE-588)4208106-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4069491-4 (DE-588)4208106-3 (DE-588)4015701-5 (DE-588)4078704-7 (DE-588)4004620-5 (DE-588)4044662-1 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | The NEXT biotechnology beyond the attempts at cloning biotech clusters |
| title_auth | The NEXT biotechnology beyond the attempts at cloning biotech clusters |
| title_exact_search | The NEXT biotechnology beyond the attempts at cloning biotech clusters |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The NEXT biotechnology beyond the attempts at cloning biotech clusters |
| title_full | The NEXT biotechnology beyond the attempts at cloning biotech clusters Bernhard Fuhrer |
| title_fullStr | The NEXT biotechnology beyond the attempts at cloning biotech clusters Bernhard Fuhrer |
| title_full_unstemmed | The NEXT biotechnology beyond the attempts at cloning biotech clusters Bernhard Fuhrer |
| title_short | The NEXT biotechnology |
| title_sort | the next biotechnology beyond the attempts at cloning biotech clusters |
| title_sub | beyond the attempts at cloning biotech clusters |
| topic | Biotechnology Research Biotechnologie (DE-588)4069491-4 gnd Biotechnologische Industrie (DE-588)4208106-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Biotechnology Research Biotechnologie Biotechnologische Industrie Europa USA Basel Region Paris Region Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014708362&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV017088738 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fuhrerbernhard thenextbiotechnologybeyondtheattemptsatcloningbiotechclusters |