Modern irish commercial and consumer law:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Bristol
Jordans
2004
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | LXXVIII, 536 S. |
| ISBN: | 0853089353 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135180554731520 |
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| adam_text | MODERN IRISH COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER LAW HENRY ELLIS LLM, PHD., PGC ED,
FCII PROFESSOR OF CORPORATE, COMMERCIAL AND ECONOMIC LAW UNIVERSITY
OFLIMERICK FJ JORDANS 2004 CONTENTS PREFACE CLASSIFICATION OF PERSONAL
PROPERTY V DOCUMENTARY INTANGIBLE PROPERTY V NON-DOCUMENTARY (OR PURE)
INTANGIBLE PROPERTY VI CONTRACT LAW VI THE CODIFICATION OF COMMERCIAL
LAW VII THE LAISSEZ-FAIRE ENVIRONMENT VII CONSUMER LAW VII SCOPE OF
COMMERCIAL LAW VII REFORM OF COMMERCIAL LAW VIII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS VIII
TABLE OF CASES XXXIX TABLE OF STATUTES LIX TABLE OF UK STATUTES LXIX
TABLE OF STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS LXXI TABLE OF EUROPEAN MATERIALS IXXV
TABLE OF OTHER MATERIALS LXXVII INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 1 FORMATION OF
COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER CONTRACTS 2 CONSUMER PROTECTION AND CONTRACT
TERMS 2 DISCHARGING CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS 3 REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF
CONTRACT 3 THE LAW RELATING TO OWNERSHIP OF GOODS 3 SAELE OF GOODS BY
NON-OWNER 4 EXCEPTIONS TO THE NEMO DAT QUOD NON HABET RULE 4 THE TIME
WHEN OWNERSHIP OF (AND THE RISK IN) GOODS PASSES TO THE BUYER 4
CONTRACTS TRANSFERRING OWNERSHIP OF GOODS 4 SAELE OF GOODS CONTRACTS 4
REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT 5 INTERNATIONAL SALES AND AUCTIONS 5
CREDIT SALES 5 CONTRACTS TRANSFERRING (MERELY) POSSESSION OF GOODS 5
BAILMENT 5 HIRE PURCHASE CONTRACTS 6 CONSUMER HIRE AGREEMENTS (LEASING)
6 PAWNBROKING CONTRACTS 6 CONSUMER CONTRACTS INVOLVING BORROWING MONEY
OR OBTAINING CREDIT 6 REGULATION OF CONSUMER CREDIT CONTRACT TERMS
GENERALLY 7 MONEYLENDERS AND MONEYLENDING CONTRACTS 7 HOUSING LOANS FOR
CONSUMERS 7 XUE MODERN IRISH COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER LAW CREDIT AND
SECURITY TYPES OF CREDIT 7 NATURE OF SECURITY INDEPENDENT CONTRACTUAL
(FINANCIAL) SECURITY 8 SECURITY OVER PROPERTY NON-POSSESSORY SECURITIES
USING ASSETS AS QUASI-SECURITY ASSIGNING NON-NEGOTIABLE CONTRACT
RIGHTS 9 NON-CONTRACTUAL SECURITIES CONTRACTUAL INTERESTS AND THIRD
PARTY RIGHTS 10 THE PROBLEM WITH PRIVITY 10 EXCEPTIONS TO THE PRIVITY
RULE AGENTS L0 PROTECTING THIRD PARTIES AGAINST THE ACTIONS OF AGENTS 1U
NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS THE LAW RELATING TO BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND CHEQUES
1! PURE INTANGIBLE PROPERTY RIGHTS * NON-CONTRACTUAL FORMS OF PURE
INTANGIBLES 12 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ^ PART I ENTERING INTO COMMERCIAL
AND CONSUMER CONTRACTS CHAPTER 1 ESSENTIAL LEGAL COMPONENTS OF
COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER CONTRACTS DEFINITION OF CONTRACT ^ HOW A SIMPLE
CONTRACT IS FORMED ^ CONSENSUS ^ REQUIREMENTS FOR A VALID OFF ER 1
INVITATION TO TREAT * ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF AN OFFER L DURATION OF
OFFERS * REQUIREMENTS FOR A VALID ACCEPTANCE 1 ACCEPTANCE MUST BE BY
POSITIVE ACT * UNSOLICITED GOODS CONSIDERATION CONSIDERATION AND
COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS 20 CONTRACTUAL CAPACITY 20 FORMALITY 20 PACKAGE
HOLIDAYS 22 INTENTION TO CREATE LEGAL RELATIONS 23 LEGALITY OF PURPOSE
24 THE CREAUEON OF THE CONTRACT 24 CONTRACTS NEGOTIATED AWAY FROM
BUSINESS PREMISES 25 CONTRACTS COVERED BY THE 1989 REGULATIONS 25
CONTRACTS FALLING OUTSIDE THE 1989 REGULATIONS 26 RIGHT TO WITHDRAW 26
E-COMMERCE TRANSACTIONS 27 CONTENTS XIII CHAPTER 2 DEFECTIVE CONTRACTS
AND PRE-CONTRACTUAL MISREPRESENTATIONS VOID CONTRACTS 29 VOIDABLE
CONTRACTS 29 UNENFORCEABLE CONTRACTS 29 MISREPRESENTATIONS 30 COMMON LAW
REMEDIES OF MISLED PARTY FOR MISREPRESENTATIONS 30 STATUTORY REMEDIES
FOR MISREPRESENTATION 31 CONSUMER PROTECTION AGAINST MISREPRESENTATIONS
32 EFFECT OF A CRIMINAL PROSECUTION ON A CONTRACT 32 MISREPRESENTATIONS
AND TORTIOUS ACTIONS 32 MISREPRESENTATIONS AS UNFAIR COMMERCIAL
PRACTICES 33 CHAPTER 3 STATUTORY CONTROL OF MARKETING, ADVERTISING AND
SALES PROMOTION PRACTICES PURPOSE OF THE 1978 ACT 35 FALSE STATEMENTS
ABOUT GOODS 35 FALSE STATEMENTS ABOUT SERVICES, ACCOMMODATION OR
FACILITIES 36 FALSE OR MISLEADING INDICATIONS OF PRICES OR CHARGES 36
SALES OR MARKED DOWN PRICES 36 RECOMMENDED PRICES 36 MISLEADING
ADVERTISEMENTS 37 PUBLISHER S DEFENCE 37 CONTRAVENTION OF MINISTERIAL
ORDERS 37 MARKING ORDER 37 ADVERTISEMENT ORDER 37 DEFINITION ORDER 37
CRIMINAL SANCTIONS UNDER THE 1978 ACT 38 PROSECUTIONS 38 GENERAL
DEFENCES 38 CONTROLLING PRE-CONTRACTUAL INFORMATION UNDER THE CONSUMER
CREDIT ACT 1995 39 THE DIRECTOR OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS 39 FUNCTIONS OF THE
DIRECTOR 39 POWERS OF THE DIRECTOR 40 AUTHORISED OFFICERS 40 POWERS OF
AUTHORISED OFFICERS 41 THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES (MISLEADING ADVERTISING)
REGULATIONS 1988 41 EFFECT OF A CRIMINAL PROSECUTION ON THE VALIDITY OF
A CONTRACT 42 CONSUMER CREDIT CONTRACTS 42 DEFINITIONS IN THE 1995 ACT
42 APR-THE TRUECOSTOF CREDIT 43 CONTROLLING THE MARKETING OF CONSUMER
CONTRACTS 43 INFORMATION IN CONSUMER CREDIT ADVERTISEMENTS 44
ADVERTISING OF CREDIT IN RELATION TO THE PURCHASE OF GOODS OR SERVICES
44 XIV MODERN IRISH COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER LAW ADVERTISING CREDIT AS
BEING WITHOUT CHARGE 44 COMPARATIVE ADVERTISING 45 ADVERTISING CONSUMER
HIRE AGREEMENTS 45 ADVERTISING AND CREDIT INTERMEDIARIES 45 NEED FOR
CONSUMER CREDIT ADVERTISEMENTS TO COMPLY WITH PART II OFTHE 1995 ACT 46
POWER OF THE BANK TO MAKE REGULATIONS 46 OFFENCES AND PENALTIES 46
SUPERVISORY RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE IFSRA AND THE DIRECTOR OF CONSUMER
AFFAIRS 46 DUTY OF CREDIT PROVIDERS TO DISPLAY INFORMATION 47
RESTRICTIONS ON CREDIT PROVIDERS CONTRACTING POWERS 47 INERTIA SELLING
PROHIBITED 47 CIRCULARS CANNOT BE SENT TO MINORS 47 CREDIT PROVIDERS
CANNOT CONTRACT OUT OF LIABILITIES OR RESTRICT CONSUMERS RIGHTS UNDER
THE 1995 ACT 48 STATEMENTS OR NOTICES EXCLUDING CONSUMERS RIGHTS 48
DUTY TO DISCLOSE INFORMATION CONCERNING FINANCIAL STANDING OF CONSUMER
48 CORRECTION OF INCORRECT INFORMATION 48 DISPLAY OF INFORMATION BY
PROVIDERS OF FINANCIAL ACCOMMODATION 49 THE PACKAGE HOLIDAYS AND TRAVEL
TRADE ACT 1995 49 CIVIL LIABILITY FOR MISLEADING HOLIDAY BROCHURES 50
COMMERCIAL MARKETING METHODS 50 THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES (PROTECTION OF
CONSUMERS COLLECTIVE INTERESTS) REGULATIONS 2001 50 CHAPTER 4 EFFECTS
OF MISTAKE, DURESS, UNDUE INFLUENCE AND UNCONSCIONABLE BARGAINING ON
CONSENSUS MISTAKES OF LAW 51 MISTAKES OF FACT 51 OPERATIVE MISTAKES OF
FACT 51 COMMON MISTAKES AS TO THE EXISTENCE OF THE SUBJECT-MATTER OF THE
CONTRACT 52 MUTUAL MISTAKES AS TO THE IDENTITY OF THE SUBJECT-MATTER 52
COMMON MISTAKE AS TO A FACT FUNDAMENTAL TO THE ENTIRE AGREEMENT 52
MISTAKES AS TO THE IDENTITY OF THE OTHER PARTY TO THE CONTRACT 52
MISTAKES AS TO OWNERSHIP OF GOODS 53 MISTAKES IN DOCUMENTS 53 DURESS 54
LEGAL EFFECT OF DURESS 54 UNDUE INFLUENCE 54 WHEN UNDUE INFLUENCE IS
PRESUMED 54 DISPROVING UNDUE INFLUENCE 55 WHEN UNDUE INFLUENCE IS NOT
PRESUMED 55 EFFECT OF UNDUE INFLUENCE 55 UNCONSCIONABLE BARGAINS 55
CONTENTS XV CHAPTER 5 ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS AND DISTANCE SELLING SCOPE
OF THE 2000 ACT 58 FORMATION OF CONTRACT 58 E-MAIL 58 USING THE WORLD
WIDE WEB CLICK-WRAP METHOD 59 OFFER AND ACCEPTANCE AND ELECTRONIC
CONTRACTS 59 INFORMATION IN ELECTRONIC FORM 60 FORMALITIES 60 RETENTION
AND PRODUCTION OF CONTRACT DOCUMENTS 61 PLACE AND TIME OF BUSINESS 61
ADMISSIBILITY 61 CONSUMER INFORMATION AND PROTECTION 61 THE EUROPEAN
COMMUNITIES (PROTECTION OF CONSUMERS IN RESPECT OF CONTRACTS MADE BY
MEANS OF DISTANCE COMMUNICATION) REGULATIONS 2001 62 DISTANCE CONTRACTS
62 PARTIES TO DISTANCE CONTRACTS 63 FINANCIAL SERVICES 63
PRE-CONTRACTUAL INFORMATION 63 MINIMUM INFORMATION 63 CONTRACT TERMS 64
RIGHT OF CANCELLATION 64 CRIMINAL SANCTIONS 64 PERFORMANCE OF DISTANCE
CONTRACTS 65 SUPERVISION BY THE DIRECTOR OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS 65 CHOICE
OF LAW 65 CONSUMER PROTECTION 65 SECURITY AND CONFIDENTIALITY OF
ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS 66 PART II CONTRACT TERMS AND EXCLUSION CLAUSES
CHAPTER 6 LAISSEZ FAIRE AND STANDARD FORM CONTRACTS LAISSEZ FAIRE 69
STANDARD FORM CONTRACT TERMS 69 CONTRACT TERMS 69 EXPRESS TERMS 70
CONDITIONS AND WARRANTIES 70 EX POST FACTO WARRANTIES AND INNOMINATE
TERMS 71 IMPLIED TERMS 71 STANDARD TERMS 71 CLASSIFICATION OF STANDARD
FORM CONTRACTS 72 COMMERCIAL/NON-CONSUMER CONTRACTS 72 CONSUMER
CONTRACTS 72 EXCLUSION CLAUSES IN STANDARD FORM CONTRACTS 73 TYPES OF
EXCLUSION CLAUSES 74 CLAUSES EXEMPTING LIABILITY FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT
74 CLAUSES LIMITING THE LIABILITY OF THE SEILER OF GOODS 75 XV J MODERN
IRISH COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER LAW TIME LIMIT CLAUSES 75 75 INDEMNITY
CLAUSES LIQUIDATED DAMAGES CLAUSE 75 EXCEPTIONS AND CLAUSES IN INSURANCE
CONTRACTS 7 DUTY OF DISCLOSURE EXCLUSION CLAUSES LISTED IN UNFAIR
CONTRACT TERMS REGULATIONS 1995 76 CHAPTER 7 JUDICIAL PROTECTION AGAINST
EXCLUSION CLAUSES WHERE THE CONTRACT WAS SIGNED BY THE PLAINTIFF 77
WHERE THE EXCLUSION CLAUSE IS CONTAINED IN AN UNSIGNED 78 DOCUMENT
JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION OF EXCLUSION CLAUSE WORDINGS 80 THE CONTRA
PREFERENTUM RULE 80 EXCLUDING LIABILITY FOR NEGLIGENCE THE MAIN PURPOSE
(OR REPUGNANCY) RULE THE DOCTRINE OF FUNDAMENTAL BREACH THE DOCTRINE IN
IRELAND 84 EXCLUSION CLAUSES AND THIRD PARTIES 85 EXEMPTION CLAUSES AND
COLLATERAL CONTRACTS OJ EXEMPTION CLAUSES AND INTERMEDIARIES PART III
STATUTORY PROTECTION OF CONSUMERS AGAINST EXCLUSION CLAUSES AND UNFAIR
NON- CORE TERMS CHAPTER 8 STATUTORY PROTECTION OF CONSUMERS AGAINST
EXCLUSION CLAUSES IMPLIED CONTRACT TERMS OY IMPLIED CONDITIONS IN SAELE
OF GOODS CONTRACTS IMPLIED WARRANTIES 90 PURPOSE OF THE 1893 ACT 90
EXCLUDING THE IMPLIED TERMS UNDER THE 1893 ACT 91 REFORMS TO THE 1893
ACT 91 DEALING AS A CONSUMER 9 ONUSOFPROOF 91 TYPE OF GOODS 9 REVISION
OF SECTION 55 OF THE 1893 ACT 92 LIMITED PROTECTION FOR NON-CONSUMERS
UNDER THE 1980 ACT 92 INTERNATIONAL CONTRACTS 93 IMPLIED TERMS IN
POST-1980 SAELE OF GOODS CONTRACTS 94 IMPLIED TERMS IN HIRE PURCHASE
CONTRACTS 94 IMPLIED TERMS IN CONTRACTS FOR THE SUPPLY OF A SERVICE 94
EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED TERMS AS TO QUALITY OF SERVICE 95 WHERE RECIPIENT
OF SERVICE IS A CONSUMER 95 PACKAGE HOLIDAYS 95 THE CRIMINAL LAW AND
EXCLUSION CLAUSES 96 CONTENTS XVII CHAPTER 9 PROTECTING CONSUMERS
AGAINST UNFAIR CONTRACT TERMS AND DISCRIMINATION SCOPE OF THE 1995
REGULATIONS 97 EXCLUDED TYPES OF CONTRACT 97 TERMS WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN
INDIVIDUALLY NEGOTIATED 97 CORE TERMS EXCLUDED 98 NON-CORE TERMS IN
STANDARD FORM CONTRACTS 98 UNFAIR TERMS DEFINED 98 EXAMPLES OF
POTENTIALLY UNFAIR TERMS 98 THE GREY LIST OF NON-CORE TERMS 99 WHEN IS A
NON-CORE TERM UNFAIR? 99 GOOD FAITH AND REASONABLENESS 99 LEGAL
CONSEQUENCES OF FINDING A TERM UNFAIR 100 ROLE OF THE DIRECTOR OF
CONSUMER AFFAIRS 100 HOW THE 1995 REGULATIONS PROTECT CONSUMERS 100
POST-1995 CLASSIFICATION OF CONTRACT TERMS 101 EQUAL STATUS ACT 2000 101
APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 9: POTENTIALLY UNFAIR NON-CORE TERMS 101 L(A) NO
LIABILITY FOR DEATH OR PERSONAL INJURY 101 L(B) NO LIABILITY FOR
BREACHES OF CONTRACT 101 1 (C) RIGHT NOT TO PROVIDE SERVICES 102 1 (D)
RETENTION OF PRE-PAYMENTS 102 L(E) PENALTY CLAUSES 102 1 (F) GENERAL OPT
OUT-CLAUSE 102 1 (G) RIGHT TO TERMINATE WITHOUT NOTICE 102 L(H)
AUTOMATIC RENEWAL CLAUSES 103 L(I)HIDDEN TERMS 103 L(J) GENERAL
VARIATION CLAUSE 103 L(K) RIGHT TO CHANGE WHAT IS SUPPLIED 104 1 (1)
RIGHT TO INCREASE THE PRICE 104 1 (M) RIGHT OF FINAL DECISION IN
CONTRACTUAL DISPUTES 104 L(N) ENTIRE AGREEMENT CLAUSES AND FORMALITY
REQUIREMENTS 105 L(O) UNEQUAL OBLIGATIONS 105 1 (P) RIGHT TO ASSIGN
WITHOUT CONSENT 105 1 (Q) RESTRICTIONS ON LEGAL REMEDIES 105 2
LIMITATIONS TO THE SCOPE OF TERMS 1 (G), 1 (J) AND 1 (1) 1 05 PART IV
DISCHARGING CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND REMEDIES FOR BREACH CHAPTER 10
PERFORMANCE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS DISCHARGE OF CONTRACTUAL
OBLIGATIONS 109 DISCHARGE BY PERFORMANCE 109 COMPLETE PERFORMANCE 110
DISCHARGE BY PARTIAL PERFORMANCE 110 THE DOCTRINE OF SUBSTANTIAL
PERFORMANCE 110 DIVISIBLE CONTRACTS 111 PERFORMANCE PREVENTED 111
ACCEPTANCE OF PARTIAL PERFORMANCE BY THE OTHER PARTY 112 XV IUE MODERN
MSH COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER LAW 112 TIME FOR PERFORMANCE TIME FOR
PAYMENT X VL STATUTORY INTERVENTION ON LATE PAYMENTS 11 3 RULES RELATING
TO PAYMENT OF MONEY 11 3 APPROPRIATION OF PAYMENTS SPECIFIC CONTRACTUAL
OBLIGATIONS AND DUTIES 11 5 COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER CONTRACTS *1 5
TRIPARTITE CONTRACTS CHAPTER 11 OTHER METHODS OF DISCHARGING CONTRACTS
117 DISCHARGE BY AGREEMENT BY RELEASE L 118 BY NEW (OR SUBSTITUTED)
AGREEMENT 11 VARIATION OF CONTRACTS 1 UNAUTHORISED ALTERATION 1
ESTOPPEL L19 DISCHARGE BY FRUSTRATION (OR SUBSEQUENT IMPOSSIBILITY) 1ZU
SUPERVENING EVENTS 1 2 LIMITS TO THE DOCTRINE 12 1 LEGAL EFFECTS OF
FRUSTRATION 122 FRUSTRATION AND THE SAELE OF GOODS ACT 1893 * 23
DISCHARGE BY BREACH OF CONDITION * 23 DISCHARGE BY OPERATION OF THE LAW
123 CHAPTER 12 REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT ANTICIPATORY BREACH 125
EFFECT OF BREACH 125 BREACH OF WARRANTY 125 BREACH OF CONDITION 125
ENFORCEMENT OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS 126 REMEDIES FOR BREACH 126
UNLIQUIDATED DAMAGES 126 REMOTENESS OF DAMAGE (CAUSATION) 12 7 NATURAL
CONSEQUENCE OF THE BREACH 127 WITHIN THE CONTEMPLATION OF BOTH PARTIES
WHEN MAKING THE CONTRACT L 27 THE MEASURE (OR AMOUNT) OF DAMAGES 1 28
SUBSTANTIAL DAMAGES 128 THE MARKET PRICE RULE 129 MITIGATION OF LOSS L
29 MIUEGATION AND ANTICIPATORY BREACHES 130 CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE 130
THE EFFECT OF TAXATION 130 LIQUIDATED DAMAGES 130 LIQUIDATED DAMAGES AND
PENALTY CLAUSES COMPARED 131 DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN PENALTIES AND
LIQUIDATED DAMAGES 131 DEPOSITS AND FORFEITURE CLAUSES 132 CONTENTS XIX
THE 1995 REGULATIONS AND DEPOSITS, FORFEITURE AND PENALTY CLAUSES 132
CLAIMING A SPECIFIC SUM OF MONEY AS DAMAGES 132 RECOVERY OF A REASONABLE
PRICE FOR GOODS 133 QUANTUM MERUIT 133 LUMP SUM CONTRACTS 133 ADVANTAGE
OF A QUANTUM MERUIT 133 EQUITABLE REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT 134
SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE 134 INJUNCTIONS 134 RESCISSION 135 RECTIFICATION
135 LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS 135 REVIVAL OF A STATUTE-BARRED DEBT 135
EQUITABLE REMEDIES 135 QUASI-CONTRACTUAL REMEDIES 136 CHARACTERISTICS OF
QUASI-CONTRACTUAL RIGHTS AND REMEDIES 136 RESTITUTIONARY REMEDIES AND
CONTRACT LAW 136 NATURE OF QUASI-CONTRACTUAL RELIEF 137 PART V THE LAW
RELATING TO OWNERSHIP OF GOODS CHAPTER 13 PROPERTY, OWNERSHIP AND THE
SAELE OF GOODS PROPERTY 141 OWNERSHIP 141 GOODS 142 THINGS IN ACTION 142
TRANSFERRING THE OWNERSHIP OF LAND 142 TRANSFERRING THE OWNERSHIP OF
GOODS 143 SAELE BY A PERSON NOT THE OWNER 145 EXCEPTIONS TO THE NEMO DAT
QUOD NON HABET RULE 145 SAELE BY FACTORS 146 POWER OF FACTORS TO
TRANSFER TITLE TO GOODS 146 FACTORS ORDINARY BUSINESS AND NOTICE 147
DISPOSITIONS BY SEILERS AND BUYERS OF GOODS 148 SAELE BY A SEILER IN
POSSESSION 148 SAELE BY A BUYER IN POSSESSION 149 CHAPTER 14 TRANSFER OF
TITLE BY NON-OWNERS - FURTHER EXCEPTIONS TO THE NEMO DAT RULE SALES IN
OPEN MARKET 151 SAELE UNDER A VOIDABLE (NOT VOID) TITLE 152 THE TIME OF
AVOIDING THE SELLER S TITLE 152 METHOD OF AVOIDING THE SELLER S TITLE
152 VOID OR VOIDABLE CONTRACTS 153 CONFLICTS BETWEEN S 23 AND S 25(2)
PROTECTION 153 SAELE BY AN UNPAID SEILER 154 XX MODERN LRISH COMMERCIAL
AND CONSUMER LAW ESTOPPEL 154 ESTOPPEL BY CONDUCT 154 ESTOPPEL BY
MISREPRESENTATION 155 INNOCENT PURCHASER MUST HAVE BEEN MISLED 156 SAELE
BY A DEALER OF GOODS LET TO HIM UNDER A HIRE PURCHASE AGREEMENT 156 SAELE
UNDER COMMON LAW OR STATUTORY POWERS OF SAELE UNDER A COURT ORDER I 56
SCOPE OF BUYER S STATUTORY PROTECTION OF TITLE 156 FUELL OWNERSHIP MUST
BE TRANSFERRED 15 MEANING OF GOODS 15 7 TANGIBLE GOODS 157 GROWING
CROPS 15 1 ^8 FIXTURES 1J OTHER CATEGORIES OF GOODS 1 5 8 CONTRACTS FOR
WORK AND MATERIAL 158 CONTRACT S CONSIDERATION MUST BE MONEY 15 SALES
AND AGREEMENTS TO SEIL 15 9 CHAPTER 15 THE TIME WHEN OWNERSHIP OF, AND
RISK IN GOODS, IS TRANSFERRED THE NATURE OF THE GOODS 1 6 1
UNASCERTAINED GOODS 16* SPECIFIC OR ASCERTAINED GOODS 1 ! THE INTENTION
OF THE PARTIES 1 62 WHERE THE INTENTION OF THE PARTIES IS NOT CLEAR 1 6
2 UNCONDITIONAL SALES OF SPECIFIC GOODS L^ 2 CONDITIONAL SALES OF
SPECIFIC GOODS 163 SPECIFIC GOODS ON APPROVAF OR ON SAELE OR RETURN OR
OTHER SIMILAR TERMS L 63 SALES OF UNASCERTAINED OR FUTURE GOODS 164
UNCONDITIONAL APPROPRIATION OF GOODS 1 4 ASSENT OF THE B UYER 166
DELIVERY TO THE BUYER OR TO A CARRIER 166 RETENTION OF TITLE TO THE
GOODS BY THE SEILER 166 WHEN REGISTRATION AS A CHARGE MAY BE NECESSARY
167 WHEN THE GOODS BECOME MIXED WITH OTHER GOODS 167 CURRENT ACCOUNT
CLAUSES 168 GOODS SENT BY SEA I6 9 EXPORT/SHIPPING CONTRACTS I6 9 THE
PASSING OF RISK 169 MAY BE VARIED OR INFERRED 169 DELAY 169 INSURABLE
INTEREST 170 DUTIES ON BAILEES 170 WHERE THE GOODS ARE DELIVERED AT A
DISTANT PLACE 170 GOODS WHICH HAVE PERISHED 170 CONTENTS XXI PART VI
CONTRACTS TRANSFERRING OWNERSHIP OF GOODS CHAPTER 16 THE CONTRACT OF
SAELE OF GOODS AND IMPLIED TERMS ENTERING INTO THE CONTRACT 173 VITIATING
FACTORS 174 EXPRESS CONTRACT TERMS 174 IMPLIED CONTRACT TERMS 174 THE
SELLER S RIGHT TO TRANSFER OWNERSHIP (S 12) 175 BUYER S RIGHTS 175
SEILER CANNOT EXCLUDE (S 12(1)) 175 IMPLIED WARRANTIES 175 DESCRIPTION
OF THE GOODS (S 13) 175 SAELE BY DESCRIPTION 176 THE EXTENT OF COMPLIANCE
177 SAELE BY SAMPLE 177 QUALITY OF THE GOODS (S 14(2)) 177 SEILER MUST BE
ACTING IN COURSE OF A BUSINESS 177 MEANING OF MERCHANTABLE QUALITY 178
DURABILITY OF THE GOODS 179 WHEN MERCHANTABLE QUALITY CONDITION IS NOT
APPLICABLE 179 FITNESS FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE GOODS (S 14(4)) 180
SHOWING RELIANCE ON THE SELLER S SKILL AND JUDGEMENT 180 LIABILITY OF
THE SEILER 181 WARNINGS AND INSTRUCTIONS 182 FAULT OF THE BUYER 182
SHOWING THAT THE BUYER DOES NOT RELY ON THE SELLER S SKILL AND JUDGEMENT
182 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SECTION 14(2) AND SECTION 14(4) 182 DIFFERENCES
183 SALES BY SAMPLE 183 IMPLIED CONDITIONS 183 REASONABLE EXAMINATION BY
THE BUYER 183 EXCLUDING BUYERS RIGHTS UNDER SECTIONS 13-15 OF THE 1893
ACT 184 STATEMENTS ATTEMPTING TO RESTRICT THE RIGHTS OF BUYERS 184
AFTER-SALES SERVICE - IMPLIED WARRANTY 184 SAELE OF MOTOR VEHICLES -
IMPLIED CONDITION 184 CONTRACTING OUT 185 THIRD PARTY RIGHTS 185
MANUFACTURER S GUARANTEES 185 LIABILITY OF SEILER (RETAILER) 185
GUARANTEES AND BUYERS RIGHTS 186 RIGHTS OF ACTION UNDER A GUARANTEE 186
THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES (CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE SAELE OF CONSUMER GOODS
AND ASSOCIATED GUARANTEES) REGULATIONS 2003 186 DEFINITIONS 186 CHOICE
OF LAW AND INTERNATIONAL CONTRACTS FOR SALES OF GOODS 187 IMPLIED TERMS
UNDER THE 2003 REGULATIONS 187 XXII MODERN LRISH COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER
LAW ASSOCIATED GUARANTEES L 89 NO CONTRACTING OUT I8 9 CHAPTER 17
DELIVERY OF, AND ACCEPTANCE AND PAYMENT FOR, THE GOODS PAYMENT AND
DELIVERY ARE CONCURRENT CONDITIONS 1 9 1 IMPLIED RULES AS TO DELIVERY 1
9 1 METHODS OF DELIVERY 1 94 TYPES OF CONSTRUCTIVE DELIVERY 1 9 4 TAKING
DELIVERY OF THE GOODS 196 EXAMINATION BY BUYER 1 9 6 ACCEPTANCE OF THE
GOODS L 96 BUYER S DUTY TO PAY FOR THE GOODS I 97 TIME OF PAYMENT 1 97
CHAPTER 18 THE UNPAID SELLER S RIGHTS AGAINST THE GOODS AND REMEDIES FOR
BREACH OF CONTRACT THE UNPAID SELLER S LIEN I 99 WHEN THE LIEN IS LOST I
99 A RIGHT OF STOPPAGE IN TRANSIT 2 ^ DURATION OF THE TRANSIT 200
EFFECT OF SAELE BY THE BUYER 200 RIGHTS UNDER A RETENTION OF TITLE CLAUSE
/U1 RIGHT OFRESALE 201 THE RIGHT OF WITHHOLDING DELIVERY 2 1 SELLER S
REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT 2 ^1 ACTION FOR THE PRICE 202 DAMAGES
FOR NOT TAKING DELIVERY AND FOR NON-ACCEPTANCE OF THE GOODS 202 SEILER
S RESTITUTIONARY RIGHTS AND INTEREST 2 ^3 SPECIAL DAMAGES 203 SELLER S
EQUITABLE REMEDIES 204 CHAPTER 19 THE REMEDIES AVAILABLE TO THE BUYER
BUYER S RIGHT TO REJECT THE GOODS 205 INSTALMENT CONTRACTS 2 05 WHEN A
BUYER LOSES HIS RIGHT TO REJECT 205 RESCISSION AND DAMAGES FOR
MISREPRESENTATION 205 DAMAGES FOR NON-DELIVERY 2 06 REPUDIATION AND/OR
DAMAGES FOR BREACH OF CONDITION 2 06 STATUTORY RIGHTS FOR BUYERS 2 07
NON-CONSUMER BUYERS 2 07 CONSUMER BUYERS 207 DAMAGES FOR BREACH OF
WARRANTY 2 07 NON-CONSUMER BUYERS 208 CONSUMER BUYERS 208 RECOVERY OF
THE PRICE 208 DECREE OF SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE 208 CONTENTS XXIII DAMAGES
IN TORT 209 CHAPTER 20 INTERNATIONAL SALES AND AUCTIONS INTERNATIONAL
SAELE OF GOODS CONTRACTS 211 ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS 211 CHOICE OF LAW 211
IMPLIED TERMS 212 LOCATION OF THE GOODS 212 DELIVERY OF THE GOODS 212
INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS 212 STANDARD FORM OF INTERNATIONAL CONTRACTS
212 FOB CONTRACTS 213 CIF CONTRACTS 213 SELLER S DUTIES 213 BUYER S
DUTIES 214 EX SHIP CONTRACTS 215 AUCTION SALES 215 AUCTIONEER S IMPLIED
OBLIGATIONS 215 SALES CATALOGUES AND CONTRACT TERMS 2 1 6 CHAPTER 21
CREDIT SALES PRE-CONTRACTUAL REQUIREMENT 217 CONTENTS OF CREDIT-SALE
AGREEMENTS 217 FORMALITIES 218 COPIES 218 COOLING-OFF PERIOD 218 NAMES.
COSTS AND PENALTIES 219 AVOIDANCE OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS 219
ENFORCEABILITY 219 QUALITY OF GOODS PURCHASED 219 OBLIGATIONS ON
CREDITORS 2 1 9 PART VII BAILMENT AND CONTRACTS TRANSFERRING POSSESSION
OF GOODS CHAPTER 22 BAILMENT THE NATURE OF BAILMENT 223 EXCLUSIVE AND
SIMPLE BAILMENTS 224 GRATUITOUS BAILEES AND BAILEES FOR REWARD 224
VOLUNTARY AND INVOLUNTARY BAILMENTS 224 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE BAILEES 224
BAILMENT AND LICENCE 224 PURPOSE OF BAILMENT 225 MODERN DEFINITION 225
BAILMENT AND CONTRACT 226 IMPLIED OBLIGATIONS IN BAILMENT CONTRACTS 226
BAILOR S IMPLIED OBLIGATIONS 226 BAILORS AND CONSUMER BAILEES 227
BAILOR S IMPLIED RIGHTS 227 XX IV MODERN LRISH COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER
LAW BAILEE S IMPLIED DUTIES 227 NEGLIGENCEOF BAILEES 227 CONTRACTING OUT
228 998 DEVIATION Z ^ NON-DELEGATABLE NATURE OF BAILEE S OBLIGATIONS
229 DUTIES OF A BAILEE AS A SUPPLIER OF SERVICES 229 STATUTORY
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR PUBLIC BAILEES 23 0 HOTEL PROPRIETORS AS
BAILEES 23UE CARRIERS OF GOODS BY SEA 23 1 9^9 CARRIAGE BY AIR AND BY
LAND ZJZ BAILEE S RIGHTS 232 U E N 233 POWER OF SAELE L I I ESTOPPEL F
3 SOME COMMON TYPES OF BAILMENT LI J CHAPTER 23 HIRE PURCHASE CONTRACTS
COMMON LAW ABUSES NATURE OF HIRE PURCHASE CONTRACTS CONTRACTING PARTIES
236 STATUTORY PROTECTION FOR HIRERS SCOPE OF POST-1995 PROTECTION 237
9^8 ADVERTISEMENTS L 9^8 RESTRICTION ON OWNER S CONTRACTING POWERS
ENTERING INTO HIRE PURCHASE AGREEMENTS FORMALITIES AND HIRE PURCHASE
AGREEMENTS COOLING-OFFPERIOD ZJV OTHER EXPRESS TERMS AND COPIES OF THE
AGREEMENT ENFORCEABILITY OF THE AGREEMENT HIRE PURCHASE PRICE 240
DEPOSIT OR OTHER INITIAL PAYMENTS 240 IMPLIED TERMS 241 OWNER S RIGHT
TO SEIL THE GOODS 241 LETTING BY DESCRIPTION 241 LETTING BY SAMPLE 242
QUALITY AND FITNESS OF THE GOODS 242 EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED TERMS 2
STATEMENTS PURPORTING TO RESTRICT THE HIRER S RIGHTS 2 DUTY OF HIRER TO
GIVE LOCATION OF GOODS 243 RESTRICTION ON OWNER S RIGHT TO RECOVER GOODS
OTHERWISE THAN BY LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 243 VALID REFUSAL TO PART WITH
POSSESSION BY HIRER 243 INVALID RECOVERY BY THE OWNER 243 POWERS OF THE
COURT IN ACTIONS FOR THE RECOVERY OF GOODS 244 RECOVERY OF MOTOR
VEHICLES 244 HIRER S RIGHT TO TERMINATE THE AGREEMENT 244 HIRER S
OPTIONS 2 45 EXITING WITHOUT PURCHASING THE GOODS 245 CONTENTS XXV
LIABILITY OFGUARANTOR 245 CANCELLING AND PURCHASING THE GOODS 245 TERMS
DEEMED VOID UNDER THE ACT 245 ANTECEDENT TRANSACTIONS 246 LIABILITY FOR
PRE-CONTRACTUAL MISREPRESENTATIONS 246 HIRER S REMEDIES FOR
MISREPRESENTATION 247 CONDITION OF MOTOR VEHICLES 247 SPARE PARTS,
SERVICING AND GUARANTEES 247 CHAPTER 24 CONSUMER HIRE AGREEMENTS
(LEASING) PRE-CONTRACTUAL REQUIREMENTS 249 CONTENTS OF CONSUMER HIRE
AGREEMENTS 249 ENFORCEABILITY OF THE AGREEMENT 250 IMPLIED TERMS OF
QUALITY AND DESCRIPTION 251 HIRER S STATUTORY DUTIES 251 HIRER S RIGHT
TO TERMINATE THE AGREEMENT 251 ANTECEDENT TRANSACTIONS 252 CHAPTER 25
PAVVN AND PAWNBROKERS PAWNEES RIGHTS 253 PAWNEES DUTIES 253 PAWN AND
PLEDGE 253 PAWNBROKERS 253 REGULATION OF PAWNBROKING TRANSACTIONS 253
LIMIT OF 1964 ACT 254 LICENSING OF PAWNBROKERS 254 FORMALITIES 254
CHARGES 254 PROHIBITION OF CERTAIN CLASSES OF PLEDGE 254 MAINTENANCE OF
RECORDS 255 REDEMPTION AND SAELE 255 DUTY OF PAWNBROKER IN CERTAIN
SUSPICIOUS CIRCUMSTANCES 255 LIABILITY FOR FIRE DAMAGE 255 SPECIAL
CONTRACTS 255 PAWNBROKERS AND THE CONSUMER CREDIT ACT 1995 255
CONTINUITY OF LICENCES GRANTED BY THE REVENUE COMMISSIONERS 256 PART
VIII CONSUMER CONTRACTS FOR BORROWING MONEY OR OBTA1NING CREDIT CHAPTER
26 REGULATION OF CONSUMER CREDIT CONTRACT TERMS GENERALLY CONSUMER
CREDIT CONTRACTS 259 WHO IS PROTECTED BY THE 1995 ACT? 259 REGULATION OF
CONTRACT TERMS 260 PRE-CONTRACTUAL ASPECTS 260 FORM AND CONTENT OF
AGREEMENTS OTHER THAN OVERDRAFT AND CREDIT CARD AGREEMENTS 260 XXVI
MODERN LRISH COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER LAW COOLING-OFFPERIOD 26 0
ENFORCEABILITY 2 60 RESTRICTIONS ON CREDIT PROVIDERS CONTRACTING POWERS
261 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF CREDIT AGREEMENT 2 61
OBLIGATION ON CREDITORS TO COMPLY WITH PART III 263 MATTERS ARISING
DURING CURRENCY OF AGREEMENT 263 CONSUMER S RIGHT TOWITHDRAW 2 63
CREDITOR S DUTY TO SUPPLY INFORMATION 2 63 EXCESSIVE CHARGES FOR CREDIT
2 63 CONSUMER S RIGHT TO PRIVACY 2 64 LIABILITY REGARDING GOODS AND
SERVICES 2 65 APPROPRIATION OF PAYMENTS 2 65 ASSIGNMENT OF CREDITOR S OR
OWNER S RIGHTS 2 66 PAYMENT OF BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES 2
66 DEMANDS AND THREATS AGAINST THE CONSUMER 2 67 CONSUMER PROTECTION
UNDER OTHER STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS 267 MATTERS ARISING ON DISCHARGE OR ON
BREACH OF AGREEMENTS 267 CONSUMER S RIGHT TO TERMINATE THE AGREEMENT
EARLY 2 68 CONSUMER S RIGHT TO A REDUCTION ON EARLY REPAYMENT 2 68
LIMITATION ON CREDITOR S ENFORCEMENT RIGHTS UNDER SECTION 54 268
LIMITATION ON CREDITOR S REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT 269 CHAPTER 27
MONEYLENDERS AND MONEYLENDING CONTRACTS LICENSING OF MONEYLENDERS 271
OBTAINING A MONEYLENDING LICENCE 271 THE LICENCE APPLICATION 271 GROUNDS
FOR REFUSING TO GRANT A LICENCE 272 THE MONEYLENDING LICENCE 273
SUSPENSION OR WITHDRAWAL OF A LICENCE 273 LICENCE MUST BE DISPLAYED 274
SECONDARY LICENSING 274 CONTROLLING THE MARKETING OF CONSUMER CREDIT
CONTRACTS 274 APR - THE TRUE COST OF CREDIT 274 RESTRICTION ON CREDIT
PROVIDERS CONTRACTING POWERS 274 CONSUMER S STATUTORY RIGHTS 274
MONEYLENDING AGREEMENTS AND TERMS 275 COLLECTION CHARGES 275 COLLECTION
TERMS 275 REPAYMENT BOOK 275 MONEYLENDERS MANDATORY RECORDS 276
REGULATING THE ACTIVITIES OF MONEYLENDERS 277 ROLE OF THE GARDAF 277
REGISTER OF MONEYLENDERS 277 NON-CONSUMER MONEYLENDING 277 CHAPTER 28
HOUSING LOANS FOR CONSUMERS SCOPE OF CONSUMER CREDIT CONTRACTS 279
CONTENTS XXVII HOUSING LOANS MADE BY MORTGAGE LENDERS 279 PURPOSE OF THE
LOAN 280 BORROWERS 280 MORTGAGE LENDERS 280 MORTGAGE INTERMEDIARY 280
CONTROLLING THE MARKETING OF HOUSING LOANS 281 APR FOR HOUSING LOANS 281
CRITERIA FOR CALCULATION OF APR 281 ASSUMPTIONS UNDERLYING CALCULATION
OF APR 281 ENFORCING COMPLIANCE 282 ADVERTISING OF HOUSING LOANS 282
RESTRAINTS ON CREDIT PROVIDER S CONTRACTING POWERS 282 PROTECTING
BORROWERS AGAINST INTERMEDIARIES 283 HELPING BORROWERS UNDERSTAND
CONTRACT TERMS 283 FRONT PAGE INFORMATION 283 WARNING ON RISK 284
WARNING ON PAYMENT OF FEES 284 WARNING OF TIED AGENCIES 285 OBLIGATION
TO SUPPLY DOCUMENTS AND INFORMATION TO BORROWER 285 VALUATION REPORTS
286 IMPROVING TRANSPARENCY OF CONTRACT TERMS 286 DISCLOSURE OF PENALTIES
PAYABLE ON ARREARS 286 DISCLOSURE OF CHARGES, FEES, COMMISSIONS, ETC 286
PROTECTING BORROWERS AGAINST UNEQUAL CONTRACT TERMS 287 REDEMPTION FEES
287 COST OF INVESTIGATING LEGAL TITLE 287 INSURANCE OF MORTGAGED
PROPERTY 287 MORTGAGE PROTECTION INSURANCE 287 PROHIBITION ON LINKING OF
SERVICES 288 PROTECTING THE BORROWER ON THE LIQUIDATION OF A LENDER 288
PROTECTION OF BORROWERS AGAINST UNFAIR CONTACT TERMS 288 ENDOWMENT LOANS
289 WARNING NOTICE 289 WHERE INSURER GUARANTEES LOAN 290 PART IX
CONTRACTS OBTAINING INDEPENDENT FINANCIAL SECURITY OR PROTECTION CHAPTER
29 SECURITY, SURETYSHIP AND INSURABLE INTEREST SECURITY PROVIDED BY
THIRD PARTIES 293 INTANGIBLE PERSONAL PROPERTY 293 SHARES AND DEBENTURES
294 CONTRACTS OF SURETYSHIP 294 GUARANTEES AND INDEMNITIES 294
FORMALITIES 295 GUARANTEES 295 VITIATING FACTORS 296 SPECIFIC AND
CONTINUING GUARANTEES 297 RIGHTS OF THE CREDITOR 297 XXVIII MODERN LRISH
COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER LAW RIGHTS OF THE GUARANTOR 297 CONSUMER CREDIT
ACT 1995 PROTECTION 298 RIGHTS OF THE PRINCIPAL DEBTOR 298 DISCHARGE OF
THE GUARANTOR 298 LIMITED GUARANTEES 299 LETTERS OF COMFORT 299
PERFORMANCE BONDS 299 INSURANCE CONTRACTS AND INDEMNITY 300 INSURABLE
INTEREST - THE LEGAL RIGHT TO INSURE 300 THE SUBJECT-MATTER OF THE
INSURANCE 300 THE SUBJ ECT-MATTER OF THE CONTRACT 301 THE NATURE OF
INSURABLE INTEREST 301 EASING THE DEFINITION OF INSURABLE INTEREST 302 A
WORKING DEFINITION 303 HOW INSURABLE INTEREST CAN ARISE 303 WHEN
INSURABLE INTEREST MUST EXIST 304 POLICIES LACKING INSURABLE INTEREST
304 LEGISLATIVE INTERVENTION * YVJ THE LIFE ASSURANCE ACT 1774 305 SCOPE
OF THE 1774 ACT 306 LACK OF INSURABLE INTEREST AS A DEFENCE 306
ASSIGNMENT OF INSURANCE CONTRACTS 306 FIRE AND ACCIDENT INSURANCES JUO
MARINE AND LIFE POLICIES 307 ASSIGNMENT OF THE PROCEEDS OF A POLICY 308
THE UNCLAIMED LIFE ASSURANCE POLICIES ACT 2003 3O 8 UNCLAIMED POLICIES 3
^ 8 NOTICE TO POLICYHOLDERS 309 THE TRANSFER OF THE POLICY MONIES 3 ^ 9
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE 3 1 ^ POLICYHOLDERS RIGHTS 3 1
CONFIDENTIALITY 3 10 CHAPTER 30 INDEMNITY, SUBROGATION, CONTRIBUTION AND
INSURANCE CONTRACTS MEANING OF INDEMNITY 3 11 NON-INDEMNITY INSURANCE
CONTRACTS 311 METHODS OF INDEMNIFYING AN INSURED 312 FACTORS PREVENTING
A FUELL INDEMNITY 312 FORMS AND MEASUREMENT OF LOSS 313 BETTERMENT 313
UNDER-INSURANCE AND AVERAGE 314 THE TWIN COROLLARIES OF INDEMNITY 315
SUBROGATION 315 THE EXPRESS SUBROGATION CONDITION 315 HOW SUBROGATION
RIGHTS ARISE 316 HOW MUCH CAN AN INSURER RECOVER? 316 CONTRIBUTION (OR
DOUBLE INSURANCE) 317 CONTENTS XXIX EFFECT AT COMMON LAW 318 EFFECT OF
EXPRESS CONTRIBUTION CONDITION 318 CHAPTER 31 DUTY OF DISCLOSURE,
INSURANCE CONTRACTS AND CONSUMER PROTECTION DISCLOSURE AND GOOD FAITH IN
INSURANCE CONTRACTS 319 CONTRACTS UBERRIMAE FIDEI 319 WHAT MUST BE
DISCLOSED? 320 MATERIAL FACTS WHICH NEED NOT BE DISCLOSED 322 DURATION
OF THE DUTY OF DISCLOSURE 323 DISCLOSURE BY AGENTS 324 BASIS OF
CONTRACT CLAUSES IN PROPOSAL FORMS 325 WARRANTIES AND REPRESENTATIONS
325 STATUTORY EXCEPTION 326 CRITIQUE 326 REFORMS FOR CONSUMERS 326
EASING THE DEFINITION OF MATERIAL FACTS 327 REFORMING BASIS OF CONTRACT
CLAUSES 327 PROMISSORY WARRANTIES 328 RENEWALS AND THE POLICYHOLDERS
RENEWED DUTY OF DISCLOSURE 328 LEGAL STATUS OF THE CODES OF PRACTICE 328
NON-IRISH BASED INSURERS 329 THE LRISH INSURANCE OMBUDSMAN 329
COMPELLING MORE DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION FROM INSURERS 329 DISCLOSURES
BY LRISH LIFE ASSURERS POST-2001 330 PRE-CONTRACTUAL INFORMATION TO BE
PROVIDED TO LIFE ASSURANCE POLICYHOLDERS 331 DECLARATION 331
ILLUSTRATION TABLES 331 POST-CONTRACTUAL INFORMATION FOR LIFE
POLICYHOLDERS 332 WHICH LIFE POLICYHOLDERS ARE ENTITLED TO THIS
INFORMATION? 332 DISCLOSURES BY NON-LIFE INSURERS 332 DUTY OF DISCLOSURE
AND NON-CONSUMER INSURANCE CONTRACTS 333 THE PAN ATLANTIC CASE TEST OF
MATERIALITY 333 CHAPTER 32 INSURANCE CONTRACT TERMS, THE 1995
REGULATIONS, AND BREACHES OF CONDITIONS CORE TERMS IN INSURANCE
CONTRACTS 335 INSURANCE CONTRACT TERMS CLASSIFIED 336 IMPLIED TERMS AND
THE 1995 REGULATIONS 336 EXPRESS TERMS AND THE 1995 REGULATIONS 337
NON-CORE INSURANCE TERMS 337 APPROVED CONDITIONS IN A MOTOR INSURANCE
CONTRACT 338 SEQUENTIAL CLASSIFICATION OF INSURANCE CONTRACT TERMS 338
CONSEQUENCES OF BREACH OF CONDITION 339 INADVERTENT BREACHES OR BREACHES
IN GOOD FAITH 339 BREACH OF WARRANTY, CAUSATION AND CLAIMS 340 XXX
MODERN LRISH COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER LAW PART X COLLATERAL SECURITY FOR
LOANS, CREDIT AND RECEIVABLES FINANCING CHAPTER 33 USING (OWNERSHIP OR)
POSSESSION OF GOODS AS COLLATERAL SECURITY POSSESSION OF GOODS WITH
DEBTOR 343 WHERE CREDITOR HOLDS DEBTOR S GOODS 344 PLEDGE 344 RIGHTS OF
THE PLEDGEE -^ PLEDGEE S DUTIES 345 TERMINATION OF A CONTRACT OF PLEDGE
345 PLEDGING INTANGIBLE PROPERTY 345 LIEN 3 F MAIN TYPES OF LIEN
POSSESSORY LIENS GENERAL OR PARTICULAR POSSESSORY LIENS 346 POWER OF
SAELE 34 J EQUITABLE LIENS MARITIME LIENS TERMINATION OF LIENS CHAPTER 34
USING POSSESSION OF NEGOTIABLE CONTRACT DOCUMENTS AS SECURITY
CLASSIFICATION OF PERSONAL PROPERTY 3 ^50 CLASSIFICATION OF INTANGIBLE
PERSONAL PROPERTY D J DOCUMENTARY INTANGIBLES 3 NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS 3
QUASI-NEGOTIABLE CONTRACT DOCUMENTS 352 NON-NEGOTIABLE DOCUMENTS 3
NON-DOCUMENTARY (OR PURE) INTANGIBLES 355 CHAPTER 35 MORTGAGES AND
CHARGES THE NATURE OF A MORTGAGE 3 EQUITABLE MORTGAGES AND CHARGES 35
CHARGES 358 CONSUMERS AND HOUSING MORTGAGES J COMPANY BORROWING 359
LEGAL AND EQUITABLE MORTGAGES OF REAL PROPERTY 35 9 FIXED CHARGES OVER
REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY 359 FLOATING CHARGES OVER PERSONAL PROPERTY
360 REGISTRATION OF CHARGES SECURING DEBENTURES 362 CONSEQUENCES OF
NON-REGISTRATION 363 PRIORITY OF CHARGES 363 TYPES OF PROPERTY WHICH CAN
BE USED AS SECURITY 364 BILLS OF SAELE AND TRANSFERS OF PERSONAL CHATTEIS
BY INDIVIDUAIS 364 STATUTORY REGULATION 365 SCOPE OF LEGISLATION 365
FORMALITIES 365 CREDITORS ENFORCEMENT RIGHTS 366 CONTENTS XXXI
IMPRACTICABILITY OF MORTGAGES AND CHARGES ON CHATTEIS 366 CHAPTER 36
RECEIVABLES FINANCING AND ASSIGNMENT OF NON- NEGOTIABLE CONTRACT RIGHTS
MEANING OF RECEIVABLES 367 CONTRACTUAL RECEIVABLES 367 MEANS OF
UTILISING RECEIVABLES 368 SELLING AND DISCOUNTING RECEIVABLES 368
RECEIVABLES FINANCING AND ASSIGNMENT 369 ASSIGNMENT OF CHOSES IN ACTION
369 ASSIGNMENT OF CONTRACTUAL RIGHTS OR BENEFITS 370 ASSIGNMENTS IN
EQUITY 370 STATUTORY ASSIGNMENTS 371 RIGHTS WHICH ARE NON-ASSIGNABLE 371
PRIORITIES AND LIMITS TO ASSIGNEES RIGHTS 372 ASSIGNABILITY AND
NEGOTIABILITY 372 ASSIGNMENT OF CONTRACTUAL LIABILITIES 373 NOVATION 373
PART XI CONTRACTUAL INTERESTS AND THIRD PARTY RIGHTS CHAPTER 37 FURTHER
AVOIDANCE OF THE PRIVITY RULE IMPORTANT STATUTORY EXCEPTIONS TO THE
PRIVITY RULE 377 ROADTRAFFIC ACT 1961 377 MARRIED WOMEN S STATUS ACT
1957 377 SAELE OF GOODS AND SUPPLY OF SERVICES ACT 1980 378 CONSUMER
CREDIT ACT 1995 378 LIABILITY FOR DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS ACT 1991 378
PACKAGE HOLIDAYS AND TRAVEL TRADE ACT 1995 378 COMPANIES ACT 1963 378
BILLS OF EXCHANGE ACT 1882 379 BILLS OF LADING ACT 1855 379 FORMAL
ASSIGNMENT OF CONTRACT RIGHTS 379 INVOLUNTARY ASSIGNMENTS 379 IMPORTANT
COMMON LAW EXCEPTIONS TO THE PRIVITY RULE 379 TRUSTS 380 RESTRICTIONS ON
THE USE OF GOODS 380 EXEMPTION CLAUSES AND THIRD PARTIES 381 COLLATERAL
CONTRACTS 381 EXEMPTION CLAUSES AND COLLATERAL CONTRACTS 382 THE
PRINCIPLED APPROACH EXCEPTION 382 AGENCY 382 AGENTS AND INTERMEDIARIES
382 COMMERCIAL AGENTS 384 TORTIOUS LIABILITY 385 LIABILITY FOR DEFECTIVE
PRODUCTS ACT 1991, AS AMENDED 386 PROOF OF DEFECT AND DAMAGE 387 LIMITS
TO PRODUCER S LIABILITY 387 XXXII MODERN LRISH COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER
LAW CONTRACTING OUT PROHIBITED 388 CHAPTER 38 THE COMMON LAW OF AGENCY
CREATION OF THE AGENCY RELATIONSHIP 389 APPOINTMENT OF AGENTS BY
AGREEMENT 389 AGENCY BY ESTOPPEL 39 ^ AGENCY BY OPERATION OF THE LAW 39
1 AGENCY BY RATIFICATION 392 THE AUTHORITY OF AGENTS 393 AGENCIES AND
THIRD PARTIES 396 DISCLOSED PRINCIPAL 396 CIRCUMSTANCES WHEN THE AGENT
MAY INCUR A LIABILITY 397 BREACH OF IMPLIED WARRANTY OF AUTHORITY 397
OTHER GROUNDS FOR AGENT S LIABILITY 398 UNDISCLOSED PRINCIPAL 398 THE
PRINCIPAFS AND AGENT S CONTRACT TERMS 399 AGENT S RIGHTS (AND
PRINCIPAL S DUTIES) 399 RIGHT TO REMUNERATION 399 COMMISSION 400 RIGHT
TO INDEMNITY 400 AGENT S LIEN 401 AGENT S DUTIES (AND PRINCIPAL S
RIGHTS) 401 DUTY TO OBEY PRINCIPAL S INSTRUCTIONS 401 AGENT MUST NOT
DELEGATE HIS AUTHORITY 402 AGENT MUST EXERCISE REASONABLE CARE AND SKILL
403 AGENT S FIDUCIARY DUTIES 403 DUTY TO AVOID CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
404 DUTY NOT TO MAKE A SECRET PROFIT OR TAKE A BRIBE 404 DUTY TO ACCOUNT
FOR THE PRINCIPAL S MONEY AND PROPERTY 405 TERMINATION OF AGENCY 405
TERMINATION BY ACT OF THE PARTIES 405 TERMINATION BY OPERATION OF THE
LAW 406 CHAPTER 39 COMMERCIAL AGENTS AND OTHER MARKETING ARRANGEMENTS
FORMALITIES 407 TERRITORIAL LIMITS? 4 07 DUTIES OF A PRINCIPAL TO HIS
COMMERCIAL AGENT 4 08 RIGHTS OF COMMERCIAL AGENTS 408 REMUNERATION
AND/OR COMMISSION 408 RIGHTS TO INFORMATION 409 DUTIES OF A COMMERCIAL
AGENT TO HIS PRINCIPAL 409 CONCLUSION AND TERMINATION OF COMMERCIAL
AGENCIES 409 NOTICE 410 COMMERCIAL AGENT S ENTITLEMENT TO INDEMNITY OR
COMPENSATION ON TERMINATION 410 MEASURE OF DAMAGES 411 TIME LIMITS 411
CONTENTS XXXIII IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE 17 411 RESTRAINT OF TRADE
CLAUSES 412 OTHER COMMERCIAL MARKETING ARRANGEMENTS 412 DISTRIBUTORSHIP
412 FRANCHISING 413 LICENSING 413 SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES 413 CHAPTER 40
PROTECTING THIRD PARTIES AGAINST UNFAIR SELLING PRACTICES BY CERTAIN
INTERMEDIARIES TIED AGENTS 416 PROBLEMS IN INSURANCE AGENCY LAW 416
REGULATION OF INSURANCE INTERMEDIARIES 416 REGULATING INSURANCE
INTERMEDIARIES AS INVESTMENT BUSINESS FIRMS 417 RESTRICTED ACTIVITY
INVESTMENT PRODUCT INTERMEDIARIES 417 CONDITIONS FOR TRADING 418
AUTHORISED ADVISORS 419 AUTHORISED CASH HANDLERS 420 INVESTOR
COMPENSATION FUND 421 REGULATING MORTGAGE INTERMEDIARIES 421 REGISTER OF
MORTGAGE INTERMEDIARIES 422 REGULATING CREDIT INTERMEDIARIES 422
OBLIGATION TO INFORM CONSUMERS 422 CREDIT INTERMEDIARIES REGISTER 423
BENEFIT OF REGULATING MORTGAGE AND CREDIT INTERMEDIARIES 423 IFSRA CODES
OF CONDUCT 423 CONSUMER CHARTER 424 REVIEW 424 PART XII THE LAW RELATING
TO NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS CHAPTER 41 BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY
NOTES ASSIGNMENT 427 TRANSFER OF NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS 427 USING A BILL
OF EXCHANGE 428 PARTIES TO A BILL OF EXCHANGE 428 VALIDITY OF BILLS OF
EXCHANGE 428 THE BILLS OF EXCHANGE ACT 1882 429 AN UNCONDITIONAL ORDER
IN WRITING 429 ADDRESSED BY ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER 429 SIGNED BY THE
PERSON GIVING IT (THE DRAWER) 429 REQUIRING THE DRAWEE TO PAY ON DEMAND
OR AT A FIXED TIME 429 A SUM CERTAIN IN MONEY 430 TO THE ORDER OF A
SPECIFIED PERSON OR TO BEARER 430 FICTITIOUS PAYEES 430 CONSIDERATION
431 INLAND AND FOREIGN BILLS 431 INCOMPLETE (INCHOATE) INSTRUMENTS 431
XXXIV MODERN LRISH COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER LAW OPTIONAL EXPRESS TERMS
431 ACCEPTANCE OF BILL 432 DELIVERY OF THE BILL 432 CAPACITY AND
AUTHORITY OF THE PARTIES 432 NEGOTIATION OF THE BILL 433 METHODS OF
NEGOTIATING A BILL 433 INDORSEMENT 433 BLANK INDORSEMENT 433 SPECIAL
INDORSEMENT 434 CONDITIONAL INDORSEMENT 434 RESTRICTIVE INDORSEMENT 434
EFFECT OF NEGOTIATION 434 A HOLDER IN DUE COURSE 434 LEGAL PRESUMPTIONS
435 OTHER HOLDERS 436 DUTIES OF THE HOLDER 436 DISHONOUR BY
NON-ACCEPTANCE 436 PRESENTATION FOR PAYMENT 437 DISHONOUR BY NON-PAYMENT
437 DISHONOUR OF THE BILL 437 CONFLICT OF LAWS 438 LIABILITY OF THE
PARTIES TO A BILL 438 ACCEPTOR 438 DRAWER 439 INDORSER 439 TRANSFEROR BY
DELIVERY 439 MEASURE OF DAMAGES FOR DISHONOURED BILL 439 DISCHARGE OF
BILL 439 PAYMENT IN DUE COURSE 439 EXPRESS WAIVER 440 CANCELLATION 440
MATERIAL ALTERATION 440 PROMISSORY NOTES 440 BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND
PROMISSORY NOTES COMPARED 440 JOINT AND SEVERAL NOTES 441 THE 1882 ACT
AND PROMISSORY NOTES 441 BANK NOTES 442 CHAPTER 42 CHEQUES, BANKERS AND
BANKING INSTRUMENTS CHEQUES PAYABLE TO CASH OR POST-DATED 443 THE
BANKER-CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP 444 WITHDRAWALOF FUNDS 444 DUTY TO HONOUR
CUSTOMER S CHEQUES 444 DUTY OF CONFIDENTIALITY 445 PRESENTMENT OF
CHEQUE FOR PAYMENT 446 REVOCATION OF B ANKER S AUTHORITY TO PAY 446
CROSSING OF CHEQUES 447 RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES OF PARTIES TO CHEQUE
TRANSACTIONS 448 CONTENTS XXXV THE DRAWER 448 THE PAYEE 448 THE BEARER
448 INDORSERS 448 HOLDERS 449 PAYING AND COLLECTING BANKS 449 CENTRAL
CHEQUE-CLEARING SYSTEM 449 PROTECTION FOR PAYING BANKS 449 PROTECTION
FOR COLLECTING BANKS 451 COLLECTING BANK AS HOLDER FOR VALUE 452
CHEQUES, CASH AND TECHNOLOGY 452 CHEQUES, CREDIT CARDS AND CONSUMERS 453
B ANKER SDRAFTS 453 QUASI-NEGOTIABLE DOCUMENTS 453 PART XIII
INTELLECTUAL AND OTHER NON- DOCUMENTARY (PURE) INTANGIBLE PROPERTY
CHAPTER 43 PURE INTANGIBLE PROPERTY GENERALLY NON-CONTRACTUAL FORMS OF
PURE INTANGIBLES 457 REPUTATION 458 DEFAMATION 458 MALICIOUS FALSEHOOD
458 SLANDER OF GOODS 459 FALSE STATEMENTS WHICH DAMAGE A PERSON S TRADE
OR BUSINESS 459 BUSINESS GOODWILL AND REPUTATION 460 THE TORT OF PASSING
OFF 460 FORMS OF PASSING OFF 463 REMEDIES 464 TRADE MARKS 465
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 465 BASIS OF JURISDICTION 466 EXAMPLES OF
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 466 REMEDIES 466 CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION AND
TRADE SECRETS 467 CONFIDENTIALITY, GOODWILL AND RESTRAINT OF TRADE
CONTRACTS 467 RESTRAINTS ON EMPLOYEES 468 REASONABLENESS OF RESTRAINTS
ON EMPLOYEES 468 RESTRAINTS ON SAELE OF GOODWILL 469 REPUTATION AND IMAGE
RIGHTS 469 CHAPTER 44 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, REGISTERED TRADE MARKS AND
INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS WHAT IS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY? 471 QUASI-INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY 472 REGISTERED TRADE MARKS 473 DEFINITION 473 NATURE 473
REGISTRATION OF TRADE MARKS 473 X XXVI MODERN LRISH COMMERCIAL AND
CONSUMER LAW EXAMINATION OF THE APPLICATION 474 ABSOLUTE GROUNDS FOR
REFUSING REGISTRATION 474 RELATIVE GROUNDS FOR REFUSING REGISTRATION 475
CONTROLLERS DECISION 475 RIGHT OF APPEAL 476 PROPERTY RIGHTS OF THE
PROPRIETOR 476 EXCLUSIVE USE 476 TRANSFER OF RIGHTS 476 LICENSING OF USE
476 DURATION AND RENEWAL 477 INFRINGEMENT 477 DILUTION OF REPUTATION 478
LIMITS (OR DEFENCES) TO INFRINGEMENT 478 PROCEEDINGS AND REMEDIES 478
TERMINATION OF REGISTRATION 479 DECLARATION OF INVALIDITY 479 COMMUNITY
TRADE MARKS AND INTERNATIONAL MATTERS 479 INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS 480
BENEFITS OF DESIGNS 480 RELEVANT PRODUCTS 480 REGISTRABLE DESIGNS 480
OWNERSHIP OF DESIGNS 481 APPLYING FOR REGISTRATION 481 DESIGN RIGHT 481
INFRINGEMENT OF DESIGN RIGHTS 483 PROCEEDINGS AND REMEDIES 484 RIGHTS
AND REMEDIES OF LICENSEES 484 CHAPTER 45 PATENTS AND COPYRIGHT GRANTING
OF PATENTS 485 PATCNTABLE INVCNTIONS 485 SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INDUSTRIAL
APPLICATION 486 NOVELTY 486 INVENLIVE STEP 486 EXCLUSIONS FROM
PATENTABILITY 487 OBTAINING A PATENT 488 DURATION OF PATENT 488 PATENT
OWNER S RIGHTS 489 LIMITATIONS 489 OTHER OWNERSHIP RIGHTS 489 LICENCES
489 INFRINGEMENT AND REMEDIES 490 RESTRICTIONS ON RECOVERY OF DAMAGES
490 THIRD PARTY RIGHTS 490 COPYRIGHT 490 SCOPE OF THE 2000 ACT 491
COPYRIGHT WORKS 491 ORIGINAL DATABASES 493 CONTENTS XXXVII SPECIAL
COPYRIGHT WORKS 493 OWNERSHIP OF COPYRIGHT 494 DURATION OF COPYRIGHT 494
QUALIFICATION FOR COPYRIGHT PROTECTION 494 COPYRIGHT OWNER S RIGHLS 495
LIMITS TO COPYRIGHT PROTECTION 495 INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT 496 MORAL
RIGHTS OF AUTHORS 497 PATERNITY RIGHT 498 INTEGRITY RIGHT 498 FALSE
ATTRIBUTION OF WORK 498 RIGHT TO PRIVACY IN PRIVATE PHOTOGRAPHS AND
FILMS 49K DURATION OF MORAL RIGHTS 498 DEALINGS IN MORAL RIGHLS 49K
RIGHTS IN PERFORMANCES 498 PERFORMERS RIGHLS 499 INFRINGEMENT OF
PERFORMERS RIGHTS 499 PERFORMERS RIGHTS GENERALLY 499 DURATION OF
PERFORMERS RIGHTS 499 INDEX 501
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MODERN IRISH COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER LAW HENRY ELLIS LLM, PHD., PGC ED,
FCII PROFESSOR OF CORPORATE, COMMERCIAL AND ECONOMIC LAW UNIVERSITY
OFLIMERICK FJ JORDANS 2004 CONTENTS PREFACE CLASSIFICATION OF PERSONAL
PROPERTY V DOCUMENTARY INTANGIBLE PROPERTY V NON-DOCUMENTARY (OR PURE)
INTANGIBLE PROPERTY VI CONTRACT LAW VI THE CODIFICATION OF COMMERCIAL
LAW VII THE LAISSEZ-FAIRE ENVIRONMENT VII CONSUMER LAW VII SCOPE OF
COMMERCIAL LAW VII REFORM OF COMMERCIAL LAW VIII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS VIII
TABLE OF CASES XXXIX TABLE OF STATUTES LIX TABLE OF UK STATUTES LXIX
TABLE OF STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS LXXI TABLE OF EUROPEAN MATERIALS IXXV
TABLE OF OTHER MATERIALS LXXVII INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 1 FORMATION OF
COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER CONTRACTS 2 CONSUMER PROTECTION AND CONTRACT
TERMS 2 DISCHARGING CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS 3 REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF
CONTRACT 3 THE LAW RELATING TO OWNERSHIP OF GOODS 3 SAELE OF GOODS BY
NON-OWNER 4 EXCEPTIONS TO THE NEMO DAT QUOD NON HABET RULE 4 THE TIME
WHEN OWNERSHIP OF (AND THE RISK IN) GOODS PASSES TO THE BUYER 4
CONTRACTS TRANSFERRING OWNERSHIP OF GOODS 4 SAELE OF GOODS CONTRACTS 4
REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT 5 INTERNATIONAL SALES AND AUCTIONS 5
CREDIT SALES 5 CONTRACTS TRANSFERRING (MERELY) POSSESSION OF GOODS 5
BAILMENT 5 HIRE PURCHASE CONTRACTS 6 CONSUMER HIRE AGREEMENTS (LEASING)
6 PAWNBROKING CONTRACTS 6 CONSUMER CONTRACTS INVOLVING BORROWING MONEY
OR OBTAINING CREDIT 6 REGULATION OF CONSUMER CREDIT CONTRACT TERMS
GENERALLY 7 MONEYLENDERS AND MONEYLENDING CONTRACTS 7 HOUSING LOANS FOR
CONSUMERS 7 XUE MODERN IRISH COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER LAW CREDIT AND
SECURITY TYPES OF CREDIT 7 NATURE OF SECURITY INDEPENDENT CONTRACTUAL
(FINANCIAL) SECURITY 8 SECURITY OVER PROPERTY NON-POSSESSORY SECURITIES
" USING ASSETS AS QUASI-SECURITY " ASSIGNING NON-NEGOTIABLE CONTRACT
RIGHTS 9 NON-CONTRACTUAL SECURITIES CONTRACTUAL INTERESTS AND THIRD
PARTY RIGHTS 10 THE PROBLEM WITH PRIVITY 10 EXCEPTIONS TO THE PRIVITY
RULE AGENTS L0 PROTECTING THIRD PARTIES AGAINST THE ACTIONS OF AGENTS 1U
NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS THE LAW RELATING TO BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND CHEQUES
1! PURE INTANGIBLE PROPERTY RIGHTS * NON-CONTRACTUAL FORMS OF PURE
INTANGIBLES 12 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ^ PART I ENTERING INTO COMMERCIAL
AND CONSUMER CONTRACTS CHAPTER 1 ESSENTIAL LEGAL COMPONENTS OF
COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER CONTRACTS DEFINITION OF CONTRACT ^ HOW A SIMPLE
CONTRACT IS FORMED ^ CONSENSUS ^ REQUIREMENTS FOR A VALID OFF ER 1"
INVITATION TO TREAT *" ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF AN OFFER L DURATION OF
OFFERS * REQUIREMENTS FOR A VALID ACCEPTANCE 1 ACCEPTANCE MUST BE BY
POSITIVE ACT * UNSOLICITED GOODS '" CONSIDERATION '" CONSIDERATION AND
COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS 20 CONTRACTUAL CAPACITY 20 FORMALITY 20 PACKAGE
HOLIDAYS 22 INTENTION TO CREATE LEGAL RELATIONS 23 LEGALITY OF PURPOSE
24 THE CREAUEON OF THE CONTRACT 24 CONTRACTS NEGOTIATED AWAY FROM
BUSINESS PREMISES 25 CONTRACTS COVERED BY THE 1989 REGULATIONS 25
CONTRACTS FALLING OUTSIDE THE 1989 REGULATIONS 26 RIGHT TO WITHDRAW 26
E-COMMERCE TRANSACTIONS 27 CONTENTS XIII CHAPTER 2 DEFECTIVE CONTRACTS
AND PRE-CONTRACTUAL MISREPRESENTATIONS VOID CONTRACTS 29 VOIDABLE
CONTRACTS 29 UNENFORCEABLE CONTRACTS 29 MISREPRESENTATIONS 30 COMMON LAW
REMEDIES OF MISLED PARTY FOR MISREPRESENTATIONS 30 STATUTORY REMEDIES
FOR MISREPRESENTATION 31 CONSUMER PROTECTION AGAINST MISREPRESENTATIONS
32 EFFECT OF A CRIMINAL PROSECUTION ON A CONTRACT 32 MISREPRESENTATIONS
AND TORTIOUS ACTIONS 32 MISREPRESENTATIONS AS UNFAIR COMMERCIAL
PRACTICES 33 CHAPTER 3 STATUTORY CONTROL OF MARKETING, ADVERTISING AND
SALES PROMOTION PRACTICES PURPOSE OF THE 1978 ACT 35 FALSE STATEMENTS
ABOUT GOODS 35 FALSE STATEMENTS ABOUT SERVICES, ACCOMMODATION OR
FACILITIES 36 FALSE OR MISLEADING INDICATIONS OF PRICES OR CHARGES 36
SALES OR MARKED DOWN PRICES 36 RECOMMENDED PRICES 36 MISLEADING
ADVERTISEMENTS 37 PUBLISHER'S DEFENCE 37 CONTRAVENTION OF MINISTERIAL
ORDERS 37 MARKING ORDER 37 ADVERTISEMENT ORDER 37 DEFINITION ORDER 37
CRIMINAL SANCTIONS UNDER THE 1978 ACT 38 PROSECUTIONS 38 GENERAL
DEFENCES 38 CONTROLLING PRE-CONTRACTUAL INFORMATION UNDER THE CONSUMER
CREDIT ACT 1995 39 THE DIRECTOR OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS 39 FUNCTIONS OF THE
DIRECTOR 39 POWERS OF THE DIRECTOR 40 AUTHORISED OFFICERS 40 POWERS OF
AUTHORISED OFFICERS 41 THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES (MISLEADING ADVERTISING)
REGULATIONS 1988 41 EFFECT OF A CRIMINAL PROSECUTION ON THE VALIDITY OF
A CONTRACT 42 CONSUMER CREDIT CONTRACTS 42 DEFINITIONS IN THE 1995 ACT
42 APR-THE TRUECOSTOF CREDIT 43 CONTROLLING THE MARKETING OF CONSUMER
CONTRACTS 43 INFORMATION IN CONSUMER CREDIT ADVERTISEMENTS 44
ADVERTISING OF CREDIT IN RELATION TO THE PURCHASE OF GOODS OR SERVICES
44 XIV MODERN IRISH COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER LAW ADVERTISING CREDIT AS
BEING WITHOUT CHARGE 44 COMPARATIVE ADVERTISING 45 ADVERTISING CONSUMER
HIRE AGREEMENTS 45 ADVERTISING AND CREDIT INTERMEDIARIES 45 NEED FOR
CONSUMER CREDIT ADVERTISEMENTS TO COMPLY WITH PART II OFTHE 1995 ACT 46
POWER OF THE BANK TO MAKE REGULATIONS 46 OFFENCES AND PENALTIES 46
SUPERVISORY RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE IFSRA AND THE DIRECTOR OF CONSUMER
AFFAIRS 46 DUTY OF CREDIT PROVIDERS TO DISPLAY INFORMATION 47
RESTRICTIONS ON CREDIT PROVIDERS' CONTRACTING POWERS 47 INERTIA SELLING
PROHIBITED 47 CIRCULARS CANNOT BE SENT TO MINORS 47 CREDIT PROVIDERS
CANNOT CONTRACT OUT OF LIABILITIES OR RESTRICT CONSUMERS' RIGHTS UNDER
THE 1995 ACT 48 STATEMENTS OR NOTICES EXCLUDING CONSUMERS' RIGHTS 48
DUTY TO DISCLOSE INFORMATION CONCERNING FINANCIAL STANDING OF CONSUMER
48 CORRECTION OF INCORRECT INFORMATION 48 DISPLAY OF INFORMATION BY
PROVIDERS OF FINANCIAL ACCOMMODATION 49 THE PACKAGE HOLIDAYS AND TRAVEL
TRADE ACT 1995 49 CIVIL LIABILITY FOR MISLEADING HOLIDAY BROCHURES 50
COMMERCIAL MARKETING METHODS 50 THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES (PROTECTION OF
CONSUMERS' COLLECTIVE INTERESTS) REGULATIONS 2001 50 CHAPTER 4 EFFECTS
OF MISTAKE, DURESS, UNDUE INFLUENCE AND UNCONSCIONABLE BARGAINING ON
CONSENSUS MISTAKES OF LAW 51 MISTAKES OF FACT 51 OPERATIVE MISTAKES OF
FACT 51 COMMON MISTAKES AS TO THE EXISTENCE OF THE SUBJECT-MATTER OF THE
CONTRACT 52 MUTUAL MISTAKES AS TO THE IDENTITY OF THE SUBJECT-MATTER 52
COMMON MISTAKE AS TO A FACT FUNDAMENTAL TO THE ENTIRE AGREEMENT 52
MISTAKES AS TO THE IDENTITY OF THE OTHER PARTY TO THE CONTRACT 52
MISTAKES AS TO OWNERSHIP OF GOODS 53 MISTAKES IN DOCUMENTS 53 DURESS 54
LEGAL EFFECT OF DURESS 54 UNDUE INFLUENCE 54 WHEN UNDUE INFLUENCE IS
PRESUMED 54 DISPROVING UNDUE INFLUENCE 55 WHEN UNDUE INFLUENCE IS NOT
PRESUMED 55 EFFECT OF UNDUE INFLUENCE 55 UNCONSCIONABLE BARGAINS 55
CONTENTS XV CHAPTER 5 ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS AND DISTANCE SELLING SCOPE
OF THE 2000 ACT 58 FORMATION OF CONTRACT 58 E-MAIL 58 USING THE WORLD
WIDE WEB CLICK-WRAP METHOD 59 OFFER AND ACCEPTANCE AND ELECTRONIC
CONTRACTS 59 INFORMATION IN ELECTRONIC FORM 60 FORMALITIES 60 RETENTION
AND PRODUCTION OF CONTRACT DOCUMENTS 61 PLACE AND TIME OF BUSINESS 61
ADMISSIBILITY 61 CONSUMER INFORMATION AND PROTECTION 61 THE EUROPEAN
COMMUNITIES (PROTECTION OF CONSUMERS IN RESPECT OF CONTRACTS MADE BY
MEANS OF DISTANCE COMMUNICATION) REGULATIONS 2001 62 DISTANCE CONTRACTS
62 PARTIES TO DISTANCE CONTRACTS 63 FINANCIAL SERVICES 63
PRE-CONTRACTUAL INFORMATION 63 MINIMUM INFORMATION 63 CONTRACT TERMS 64
RIGHT OF CANCELLATION 64 CRIMINAL SANCTIONS 64 PERFORMANCE OF DISTANCE
CONTRACTS 65 SUPERVISION BY THE DIRECTOR OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS 65 CHOICE
OF LAW 65 CONSUMER PROTECTION 65 SECURITY AND CONFIDENTIALITY OF
ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS 66 PART II CONTRACT TERMS AND EXCLUSION CLAUSES
CHAPTER 6 LAISSEZ FAIRE AND STANDARD FORM CONTRACTS LAISSEZ FAIRE 69
STANDARD FORM CONTRACT TERMS 69 CONTRACT TERMS 69 EXPRESS TERMS 70
CONDITIONS AND WARRANTIES 70 EX POST FACTO WARRANTIES AND INNOMINATE
TERMS 71 IMPLIED TERMS 71 STANDARD TERMS 71 CLASSIFICATION OF STANDARD
FORM CONTRACTS 72 COMMERCIAL/NON-CONSUMER CONTRACTS 72 CONSUMER
CONTRACTS 72 EXCLUSION CLAUSES IN STANDARD FORM CONTRACTS 73 TYPES OF
EXCLUSION CLAUSES 74 CLAUSES EXEMPTING LIABILITY FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT
74 CLAUSES LIMITING THE LIABILITY OF THE SEILER OF GOODS 75 XV J MODERN
IRISH COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER LAW TIME LIMIT CLAUSES 75 75 INDEMNITY
CLAUSES LIQUIDATED DAMAGES CLAUSE 75 EXCEPTIONS AND CLAUSES IN INSURANCE
CONTRACTS 7 " DUTY OF DISCLOSURE EXCLUSION CLAUSES LISTED IN UNFAIR
CONTRACT TERMS REGULATIONS 1995 76 CHAPTER 7 JUDICIAL PROTECTION AGAINST
EXCLUSION CLAUSES WHERE THE CONTRACT WAS SIGNED BY THE PLAINTIFF 77
WHERE THE EXCLUSION CLAUSE IS CONTAINED IN AN UNSIGNED 78 DOCUMENT
JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION OF EXCLUSION CLAUSE WORDINGS 80 THE CONTRA
PREFERENTUM RULE 80 EXCLUDING LIABILITY FOR NEGLIGENCE THE MAIN PURPOSE
(OR REPUGNANCY) RULE THE DOCTRINE OF FUNDAMENTAL BREACH THE DOCTRINE IN
IRELAND 84 EXCLUSION CLAUSES AND THIRD PARTIES 85 EXEMPTION CLAUSES AND
COLLATERAL CONTRACTS OJ EXEMPTION CLAUSES AND INTERMEDIARIES PART III
STATUTORY PROTECTION OF CONSUMERS AGAINST EXCLUSION CLAUSES AND UNFAIR
NON- CORE TERMS CHAPTER 8 STATUTORY PROTECTION OF CONSUMERS AGAINST
EXCLUSION CLAUSES IMPLIED CONTRACT TERMS OY IMPLIED CONDITIONS IN SAELE
OF GOODS CONTRACTS IMPLIED WARRANTIES 90 PURPOSE OF THE 1893 ACT 90
EXCLUDING THE IMPLIED TERMS UNDER THE 1893 ACT 91 REFORMS TO THE 1893
ACT 91 DEALING AS A CONSUMER 9 ONUSOFPROOF 91 TYPE OF GOODS 9 REVISION
OF SECTION 55 OF THE 1893 ACT 92 LIMITED PROTECTION FOR NON-CONSUMERS
UNDER THE 1980 ACT 92 INTERNATIONAL CONTRACTS 93 IMPLIED TERMS IN
POST-1980 SAELE OF GOODS CONTRACTS 94 IMPLIED TERMS IN HIRE PURCHASE
CONTRACTS 94 IMPLIED TERMS IN CONTRACTS FOR THE SUPPLY OF A SERVICE 94
EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED TERMS AS TO QUALITY OF SERVICE 95 WHERE RECIPIENT
OF SERVICE IS A CONSUMER 95 PACKAGE HOLIDAYS 95 THE CRIMINAL LAW AND
EXCLUSION CLAUSES 96 CONTENTS XVII CHAPTER 9 PROTECTING CONSUMERS
AGAINST UNFAIR CONTRACT TERMS AND DISCRIMINATION SCOPE OF THE 1995
REGULATIONS 97 EXCLUDED TYPES OF CONTRACT 97 TERMS WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN
INDIVIDUALLY NEGOTIATED 97 CORE TERMS EXCLUDED 98 NON-CORE TERMS IN
STANDARD FORM CONTRACTS 98 UNFAIR TERMS DEFINED 98 EXAMPLES OF
POTENTIALLY UNFAIR TERMS 98 THE GREY LIST OF NON-CORE TERMS 99 WHEN IS A
NON-CORE TERM UNFAIR? 99 GOOD FAITH AND REASONABLENESS 99 LEGAL
CONSEQUENCES OF FINDING A TERM UNFAIR 100 ROLE OF THE DIRECTOR OF
CONSUMER AFFAIRS 100 HOW THE 1995 REGULATIONS PROTECT CONSUMERS 100
POST-1995 CLASSIFICATION OF CONTRACT TERMS 101 EQUAL STATUS ACT 2000 101
APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 9: POTENTIALLY UNFAIR NON-CORE TERMS 101 L(A) NO
LIABILITY FOR DEATH OR PERSONAL INJURY 101 L(B) NO LIABILITY FOR
BREACHES OF CONTRACT 101 1 (C) RIGHT NOT TO PROVIDE SERVICES 102 1 (D)
RETENTION OF PRE-PAYMENTS 102 L(E) PENALTY CLAUSES 102 1 (F) GENERAL OPT
OUT-CLAUSE 102 1 (G) RIGHT TO TERMINATE WITHOUT NOTICE 102 L(H)
AUTOMATIC RENEWAL CLAUSES 103 L(I)HIDDEN TERMS 103 L(J) GENERAL
VARIATION CLAUSE 103 L(K) RIGHT TO CHANGE WHAT IS SUPPLIED 104 1 (1)
RIGHT TO INCREASE THE PRICE 104 1 (M) RIGHT OF FINAL DECISION IN
CONTRACTUAL DISPUTES 104 L(N) 'ENTIRE AGREEMENT CLAUSES' AND FORMALITY
REQUIREMENTS 105 L(O) UNEQUAL OBLIGATIONS 105 1 (P) RIGHT TO ASSIGN
WITHOUT CONSENT 105 1 (Q) RESTRICTIONS ON LEGAL REMEDIES 105 2
LIMITATIONS TO THE SCOPE OF TERMS 1 (G), 1 (J) AND 1 (1) 1 05 PART IV
DISCHARGING CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND REMEDIES FOR BREACH CHAPTER 10
PERFORMANCE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS DISCHARGE OF CONTRACTUAL
OBLIGATIONS 109 DISCHARGE BY PERFORMANCE 109 COMPLETE PERFORMANCE 110
DISCHARGE BY PARTIAL PERFORMANCE 110 THE DOCTRINE OF SUBSTANTIAL
PERFORMANCE 110 DIVISIBLE CONTRACTS 111 PERFORMANCE PREVENTED 111
ACCEPTANCE OF PARTIAL PERFORMANCE BY THE OTHER PARTY 112 XV IUE MODERN
MSH COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER LAW 112 TIME FOR PERFORMANCE TIME FOR
PAYMENT X VL STATUTORY INTERVENTION ON LATE PAYMENTS 11 3 RULES RELATING
TO PAYMENT OF MONEY 11 3 APPROPRIATION OF PAYMENTS SPECIFIC CONTRACTUAL
OBLIGATIONS AND DUTIES 11 5 COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER CONTRACTS *1 5
TRIPARTITE CONTRACTS CHAPTER 11 OTHER METHODS OF DISCHARGING CONTRACTS
117 DISCHARGE BY AGREEMENT BY RELEASE L 118 BY NEW (OR SUBSTITUTED)
AGREEMENT 11 VARIATION OF CONTRACTS 1 UNAUTHORISED ALTERATION 1
ESTOPPEL L19 DISCHARGE BY FRUSTRATION (OR SUBSEQUENT IMPOSSIBILITY) 1ZU
SUPERVENING EVENTS 1 2 LIMITS TO THE DOCTRINE 12 1 LEGAL EFFECTS OF
FRUSTRATION 122 FRUSTRATION AND THE SAELE OF GOODS ACT 1893 * 23
DISCHARGE BY BREACH OF CONDITION * 23 DISCHARGE BY OPERATION OF THE LAW
123 CHAPTER 12 REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT ANTICIPATORY BREACH 125
EFFECT OF BREACH 125 BREACH OF WARRANTY 125 BREACH OF CONDITION 125
ENFORCEMENT OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS 126 REMEDIES FOR BREACH 126
UNLIQUIDATED DAMAGES 126 REMOTENESS OF DAMAGE (CAUSATION) 12 7 NATURAL
CONSEQUENCE OF THE BREACH 127 WITHIN THE CONTEMPLATION OF BOTH PARTIES
WHEN MAKING THE CONTRACT L 27 THE MEASURE (OR AMOUNT) OF DAMAGES 1 28
SUBSTANTIAL DAMAGES 128 THE MARKET PRICE RULE 129 MITIGATION OF LOSS L
29 MIUEGATION AND ANTICIPATORY BREACHES 130 CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE 130
THE EFFECT OF TAXATION 130 LIQUIDATED DAMAGES 130 LIQUIDATED DAMAGES AND
PENALTY CLAUSES COMPARED 131 DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN PENALTIES AND
LIQUIDATED DAMAGES 131 DEPOSITS AND FORFEITURE CLAUSES 132 CONTENTS XIX
THE 1995 REGULATIONS AND DEPOSITS, FORFEITURE AND PENALTY CLAUSES 132
CLAIMING A SPECIFIC SUM OF MONEY AS DAMAGES 132 RECOVERY OF A REASONABLE
PRICE FOR GOODS 133 QUANTUM MERUIT 133 LUMP SUM CONTRACTS 133 ADVANTAGE
OF A QUANTUM MERUIT 133 EQUITABLE REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT 134
SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE 134 INJUNCTIONS 134 RESCISSION 135 RECTIFICATION
135 LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS 135 REVIVAL OF A STATUTE-BARRED DEBT 135
EQUITABLE REMEDIES 135 QUASI-CONTRACTUAL REMEDIES 136 CHARACTERISTICS OF
QUASI-CONTRACTUAL RIGHTS AND REMEDIES 136 RESTITUTIONARY REMEDIES AND
CONTRACT LAW 136 NATURE OF QUASI-CONTRACTUAL RELIEF 137 PART V THE LAW
RELATING TO OWNERSHIP OF GOODS CHAPTER 13 PROPERTY, OWNERSHIP AND THE
SAELE OF GOODS PROPERTY 141 OWNERSHIP 141 GOODS 142 THINGS IN ACTION 142
TRANSFERRING THE OWNERSHIP OF LAND 142 TRANSFERRING THE OWNERSHIP OF
GOODS 143 SAELE BY A PERSON NOT THE OWNER 145 EXCEPTIONS TO THE 'NEMO DAT
QUOD NON HABET' RULE 145 SAELE BY FACTORS 146 POWER OF FACTORS TO
TRANSFER TITLE TO GOODS 146 FACTORS' ORDINARY BUSINESS AND NOTICE 147
DISPOSITIONS BY SEILERS AND BUYERS OF GOODS 148 SAELE BY A SEILER IN
POSSESSION 148 SAELE BY A BUYER IN POSSESSION 149 CHAPTER 14 TRANSFER OF
TITLE BY NON-OWNERS - FURTHER EXCEPTIONS TO THE NEMO DAT RULE SALES IN
OPEN MARKET 151 SAELE UNDER A VOIDABLE (NOT VOID) TITLE 152 THE TIME OF
AVOIDING THE SELLER'S TITLE 152 METHOD OF AVOIDING THE SELLER'S TITLE
152 VOID OR VOIDABLE CONTRACTS 153 CONFLICTS BETWEEN S 23 AND S 25(2)
PROTECTION 153 SAELE BY AN UNPAID SEILER 154 XX MODERN LRISH COMMERCIAL
AND CONSUMER LAW ESTOPPEL 154 ESTOPPEL BY CONDUCT 154 ESTOPPEL BY
MISREPRESENTATION 155 INNOCENT PURCHASER MUST HAVE BEEN MISLED 156 SAELE
BY A DEALER OF GOODS LET TO HIM UNDER A HIRE PURCHASE AGREEMENT 156 SAELE
UNDER COMMON LAW OR STATUTORY POWERS OF SAELE UNDER A COURT ORDER I 56
SCOPE OF BUYER' S STATUTORY PROTECTION OF TITLE 156 FUELL OWNERSHIP MUST
BE TRANSFERRED 15' MEANING OF 'GOODS' 15 7 TANGIBLE GOODS 157 GROWING
CROPS 15' 1 ^8 FIXTURES 1J OTHER CATEGORIES OF GOODS 1 5 8 CONTRACTS FOR
WORK AND MATERIAL 158 CONTRACT'S CONSIDERATION MUST BE MONEY 15" SALES
AND AGREEMENTS TO SEIL 15 9 CHAPTER 15 THE TIME WHEN OWNERSHIP OF, AND
RISK IN GOODS, IS TRANSFERRED THE NATURE OF THE GOODS 1 6 1
UNASCERTAINED GOODS 16* SPECIFIC OR ASCERTAINED GOODS 1"! THE INTENTION
OF THE PARTIES 1 62 WHERE THE INTENTION OF THE PARTIES IS NOT CLEAR 1 6
2 UNCONDITIONAL SALES OF SPECIFIC GOODS L^ 2 CONDITIONAL SALES OF
SPECIFIC GOODS 163 SPECIFIC GOODS 'ON APPROVAF OR ON 'SAELE OR RETURN' OR
OTHER SIMILAR TERMS L 63 SALES OF UNASCERTAINED OR FUTURE GOODS 164
UNCONDITIONAL APPROPRIATION OF GOODS 1"4 ASSENT OF THE B UYER 166
DELIVERY TO THE BUYER OR TO A CARRIER 166 RETENTION OF TITLE TO THE
GOODS BY THE SEILER 166 WHEN REGISTRATION AS A CHARGE MAY BE NECESSARY
167 WHEN THE GOODS BECOME MIXED WITH OTHER GOODS 167 CURRENT ACCOUNT
CLAUSES 168 GOODS SENT BY SEA I6 9 EXPORT/SHIPPING CONTRACTS I6 9 THE
PASSING OF RISK 169 MAY BE VARIED OR INFERRED 169 DELAY 169 INSURABLE
INTEREST 170 DUTIES ON BAILEES 170 WHERE THE GOODS ARE DELIVERED AT A
DISTANT PLACE 170 GOODS WHICH HAVE PERISHED 170 CONTENTS XXI PART VI
CONTRACTS TRANSFERRING OWNERSHIP OF GOODS CHAPTER 16 THE CONTRACT OF
SAELE OF GOODS AND IMPLIED TERMS ENTERING INTO THE CONTRACT 173 VITIATING
FACTORS 174 EXPRESS CONTRACT TERMS 174 IMPLIED CONTRACT TERMS 174 THE
SELLER'S RIGHT TO TRANSFER OWNERSHIP (S 12) 175 BUYER'S RIGHTS 175
SEILER CANNOT EXCLUDE (S 12(1)) 175 IMPLIED WARRANTIES 175 DESCRIPTION
OF THE GOODS (S 13) 175 SAELE BY DESCRIPTION 176 THE EXTENT OF COMPLIANCE
177 SAELE BY SAMPLE 177 QUALITY OF THE GOODS (S 14(2)) 177 SEILER MUST BE
ACTING IN COURSE OF A BUSINESS 177 MEANING OF 'MERCHANTABLE QUALITY' 178
DURABILITY OF THE GOODS 179 WHEN MERCHANTABLE QUALITY CONDITION IS NOT
APPLICABLE 179 FITNESS FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE GOODS (S 14(4)) 180
SHOWING RELIANCE ON THE SELLER'S SKILL AND JUDGEMENT 180 LIABILITY OF
THE SEILER 181 WARNINGS AND INSTRUCTIONS 182 FAULT OF THE BUYER 182
SHOWING THAT THE BUYER DOES NOT RELY ON THE SELLER'S SKILL AND JUDGEMENT
182 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SECTION 14(2) AND SECTION 14(4) 182 DIFFERENCES
183 SALES BY SAMPLE 183 IMPLIED CONDITIONS 183 REASONABLE EXAMINATION BY
THE BUYER 183 EXCLUDING BUYERS' RIGHTS UNDER SECTIONS 13-15 OF THE 1893
ACT 184 STATEMENTS ATTEMPTING TO RESTRICT THE RIGHTS OF BUYERS 184
AFTER-SALES SERVICE - IMPLIED WARRANTY 184 SAELE OF MOTOR VEHICLES -
IMPLIED CONDITION 184 CONTRACTING OUT 185 THIRD PARTY RIGHTS 185
MANUFACTURER'S GUARANTEES 185 LIABILITY OF SEILER (RETAILER) 185
GUARANTEES AND BUYERS' RIGHTS 186 RIGHTS OF ACTION UNDER A GUARANTEE 186
THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES (CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE SAELE OF CONSUMER GOODS
AND ASSOCIATED GUARANTEES) REGULATIONS 2003 186 DEFINITIONS 186 CHOICE
OF LAW AND INTERNATIONAL CONTRACTS FOR SALES OF GOODS 187 IMPLIED TERMS
UNDER THE 2003 REGULATIONS 187 XXII MODERN LRISH COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER
LAW ASSOCIATED GUARANTEES L 89 NO CONTRACTING OUT I8 9 CHAPTER 17
DELIVERY OF, AND ACCEPTANCE AND PAYMENT FOR, THE GOODS PAYMENT AND
DELIVERY ARE CONCURRENT CONDITIONS 1 9 1 IMPLIED RULES AS TO DELIVERY 1
9 1 METHODS OF DELIVERY 1 94 TYPES OF CONSTRUCTIVE DELIVERY 1 9 4 TAKING
DELIVERY OF THE GOODS 196 EXAMINATION BY BUYER 1 9 6 ACCEPTANCE OF THE
GOODS L 96 BUYER'S DUTY TO PAY FOR THE GOODS I 97 TIME OF PAYMENT 1 97
CHAPTER 18 THE UNPAID SELLER'S RIGHTS AGAINST THE GOODS AND REMEDIES FOR
BREACH OF CONTRACT THE UNPAID SELLER'S LIEN I 99 WHEN THE LIEN IS LOST I
99 A RIGHT OF STOPPAGE IN TRANSIT 2 ^" DURATION OF THE TRANSIT 200
EFFECT OF SAELE BY THE BUYER 200 RIGHTS UNDER A RETENTION OF TITLE CLAUSE
/U1 RIGHT OFRESALE 201 THE RIGHT OF WITHHOLDING DELIVERY 2 1 SELLER'S
REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT 2 ^1 ACTION FOR THE PRICE 202 DAMAGES
FOR NOT TAKING DELIVERY AND FOR NON-ACCEPTANCE OF THE GOODS 202 SEILER'
S RESTITUTIONARY RIGHTS AND INTEREST 2 ^3 SPECIAL DAMAGES 203 SELLER'S
EQUITABLE REMEDIES 204 CHAPTER 19 THE REMEDIES AVAILABLE TO THE BUYER
BUYER' S RIGHT TO REJECT THE GOODS 205 INSTALMENT CONTRACTS 2 05 WHEN A
BUYER LOSES HIS RIGHT TO REJECT 205 RESCISSION AND DAMAGES FOR
MISREPRESENTATION 205 DAMAGES FOR NON-DELIVERY 2 06 REPUDIATION AND/OR
DAMAGES FOR BREACH OF CONDITION 2 06 STATUTORY RIGHTS FOR BUYERS 2 07
NON-CONSUMER BUYERS 2 07 CONSUMER BUYERS 207 DAMAGES FOR BREACH OF
WARRANTY 2 07 NON-CONSUMER BUYERS 208 CONSUMER BUYERS 208 RECOVERY OF
THE PRICE 208 DECREE OF SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE 208 CONTENTS XXIII DAMAGES
IN TORT 209 CHAPTER 20 INTERNATIONAL SALES AND AUCTIONS INTERNATIONAL
SAELE OF GOODS CONTRACTS 211 ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS 211 CHOICE OF LAW 211
IMPLIED TERMS 212 LOCATION OF THE GOODS 212 DELIVERY OF THE GOODS 212
INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS 212 STANDARD FORM OF INTERNATIONAL CONTRACTS
212 FOB CONTRACTS 213 CIF CONTRACTS 213 SELLER'S DUTIES 213 BUYER'S
DUTIES 214 EX SHIP CONTRACTS 215 AUCTION SALES 215 AUCTIONEER'S IMPLIED
OBLIGATIONS 215 SALES CATALOGUES AND CONTRACT TERMS 2 1 6 CHAPTER 21
CREDIT SALES PRE-CONTRACTUAL REQUIREMENT 217 CONTENTS OF CREDIT-SALE
AGREEMENTS 217 FORMALITIES 218 COPIES 218 COOLING-OFF PERIOD 218 NAMES.
COSTS AND PENALTIES 219 AVOIDANCE OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS 219
ENFORCEABILITY 219 QUALITY OF GOODS PURCHASED 219 OBLIGATIONS ON
CREDITORS 2 1 9 PART VII BAILMENT AND CONTRACTS TRANSFERRING POSSESSION
OF GOODS CHAPTER 22 BAILMENT THE NATURE OF BAILMENT 223 EXCLUSIVE AND
SIMPLE BAILMENTS 224 GRATUITOUS BAILEES AND BAILEES FOR REWARD 224
VOLUNTARY AND INVOLUNTARY BAILMENTS 224 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE BAILEES 224
BAILMENT AND LICENCE 224 PURPOSE OF BAILMENT 225 MODERN DEFINITION 225
BAILMENT AND CONTRACT 226 IMPLIED OBLIGATIONS IN BAILMENT CONTRACTS 226
BAILOR'S IMPLIED OBLIGATIONS 226 BAILORS AND CONSUMER BAILEES 227
BAILOR'S IMPLIED RIGHTS 227 XX IV MODERN LRISH COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER
LAW BAILEE'S IMPLIED DUTIES 227 NEGLIGENCEOF BAILEES 227 CONTRACTING OUT
228 998 DEVIATION Z ^ NON-DELEGATABLE NATURE OF BAILEE' S OBLIGATIONS
229 DUTIES OF A BAILEE AS A SUPPLIER OF SERVICES 229 STATUTORY
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR PUBLIC BAILEES 23 0 HOTEL PROPRIETORS AS
BAILEES 23UE CARRIERS OF GOODS BY SEA 23 1 9^9 CARRIAGE BY AIR AND BY
LAND ZJZ BAILEE'S RIGHTS 232 U E N 233 POWER OF SAELE L I I ESTOPPEL F
3 SOME COMMON TYPES OF BAILMENT LI J CHAPTER 23 HIRE PURCHASE CONTRACTS
COMMON LAW ABUSES NATURE OF HIRE PURCHASE CONTRACTS CONTRACTING PARTIES
236 STATUTORY PROTECTION FOR HIRERS SCOPE OF POST-1995 PROTECTION 237
9^8 ADVERTISEMENTS L 9^8 RESTRICTION ON OWNER'S CONTRACTING POWERS
ENTERING INTO HIRE PURCHASE AGREEMENTS FORMALITIES AND HIRE PURCHASE
AGREEMENTS COOLING-OFFPERIOD ZJV OTHER EXPRESS TERMS AND COPIES OF THE
AGREEMENT ENFORCEABILITY OF THE AGREEMENT HIRE PURCHASE PRICE 240
DEPOSIT OR OTHER INITIAL PAYMENTS 240 IMPLIED TERMS 241 OWNER' S RIGHT
TO SEIL THE GOODS 241 LETTING BY DESCRIPTION 241 LETTING BY SAMPLE 242
QUALITY AND FITNESS OF THE GOODS 242 EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED TERMS 2
STATEMENTS PURPORTING TO RESTRICT THE HIRER'S RIGHTS 2 DUTY OF HIRER TO
GIVE LOCATION OF GOODS 243 RESTRICTION ON OWNER'S RIGHT TO RECOVER GOODS
OTHERWISE THAN BY LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 243 VALID REFUSAL TO PART WITH
POSSESSION BY HIRER 243 INVALID RECOVERY BY THE OWNER 243 POWERS OF THE
COURT IN ACTIONS FOR THE RECOVERY OF GOODS 244 RECOVERY OF MOTOR
VEHICLES 244 HIRER'S RIGHT TO TERMINATE THE AGREEMENT 244 HIRER'S
OPTIONS 2 45 EXITING WITHOUT PURCHASING THE GOODS 245 CONTENTS XXV
LIABILITY OFGUARANTOR 245 CANCELLING AND PURCHASING THE GOODS 245 TERMS
DEEMED VOID UNDER THE ACT 245 ANTECEDENT TRANSACTIONS 246 LIABILITY FOR
PRE-CONTRACTUAL MISREPRESENTATIONS 246 HIRER'S REMEDIES FOR
MISREPRESENTATION 247 CONDITION OF MOTOR VEHICLES 247 SPARE PARTS,
SERVICING AND GUARANTEES 247 CHAPTER 24 CONSUMER HIRE AGREEMENTS
(LEASING) PRE-CONTRACTUAL REQUIREMENTS 249 CONTENTS OF CONSUMER HIRE
AGREEMENTS 249 ENFORCEABILITY OF THE AGREEMENT 250 IMPLIED TERMS OF
QUALITY AND DESCRIPTION 251 HIRER' S STATUTORY DUTIES 251 HIRER'S RIGHT
TO TERMINATE THE AGREEMENT 251 ANTECEDENT TRANSACTIONS 252 CHAPTER 25
PAVVN AND PAWNBROKERS PAWNEES' RIGHTS 253 PAWNEES' DUTIES 253 PAWN AND
PLEDGE 253 PAWNBROKERS 253 REGULATION OF PAWNBROKING TRANSACTIONS 253
LIMIT OF 1964 ACT 254 LICENSING OF PAWNBROKERS 254 FORMALITIES 254
CHARGES 254 PROHIBITION OF CERTAIN CLASSES OF PLEDGE 254 MAINTENANCE OF
RECORDS 255 REDEMPTION AND SAELE 255 DUTY OF PAWNBROKER IN CERTAIN
SUSPICIOUS CIRCUMSTANCES 255 LIABILITY FOR FIRE DAMAGE 255 SPECIAL
CONTRACTS 255 PAWNBROKERS AND THE CONSUMER CREDIT ACT 1995 255
CONTINUITY OF LICENCES GRANTED BY THE REVENUE COMMISSIONERS 256 PART
VIII CONSUMER CONTRACTS FOR BORROWING MONEY OR OBTA1NING CREDIT CHAPTER
26 REGULATION OF CONSUMER CREDIT CONTRACT TERMS GENERALLY CONSUMER
CREDIT CONTRACTS 259 WHO IS PROTECTED BY THE 1995 ACT? 259 REGULATION OF
CONTRACT TERMS 260 PRE-CONTRACTUAL ASPECTS 260 FORM AND CONTENT OF
AGREEMENTS OTHER THAN OVERDRAFT AND CREDIT CARD AGREEMENTS 260 XXVI
MODERN LRISH COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER LAW COOLING-OFFPERIOD 26 0
ENFORCEABILITY 2 60 RESTRICTIONS ON CREDIT PROVIDERS' CONTRACTING POWERS
261 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF CREDIT AGREEMENT 2 61
OBLIGATION ON CREDITORS TO COMPLY WITH PART III 263 MATTERS ARISING
DURING CURRENCY OF AGREEMENT 263 CONSUMER'S RIGHT TOWITHDRAW 2 63
CREDITOR'S DUTY TO SUPPLY INFORMATION 2 63 EXCESSIVE CHARGES FOR CREDIT
2 63 CONSUMER'S RIGHT TO PRIVACY 2 64 LIABILITY REGARDING GOODS AND
SERVICES 2 65 APPROPRIATION OF PAYMENTS 2 65 ASSIGNMENT OF CREDITOR'S OR
OWNER'S RIGHTS 2 66 PAYMENT OF BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES 2
66 DEMANDS AND THREATS AGAINST THE CONSUMER 2 67 CONSUMER PROTECTION
UNDER OTHER STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS 267 MATTERS ARISING ON DISCHARGE OR ON
BREACH OF AGREEMENTS 267 CONSUMER'S RIGHT TO TERMINATE THE AGREEMENT
EARLY 2 68 CONSUMER'S RIGHT TO A REDUCTION ON EARLY REPAYMENT 2 68
LIMITATION ON CREDITOR'S ENFORCEMENT RIGHTS UNDER SECTION 54 268
LIMITATION ON CREDITOR'S REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT 269 CHAPTER 27
MONEYLENDERS AND MONEYLENDING CONTRACTS LICENSING OF MONEYLENDERS 271
OBTAINING A MONEYLENDING LICENCE 271 THE LICENCE APPLICATION 271 GROUNDS
FOR REFUSING TO GRANT A LICENCE 272 THE MONEYLENDING LICENCE 273
SUSPENSION OR WITHDRAWAL OF A LICENCE 273 LICENCE MUST BE DISPLAYED 274
SECONDARY LICENSING 274 CONTROLLING THE MARKETING OF CONSUMER CREDIT
CONTRACTS 274 APR - THE TRUE COST OF CREDIT 274 RESTRICTION ON CREDIT
PROVIDERS' CONTRACTING POWERS 274 CONSUMER'S STATUTORY RIGHTS 274
MONEYLENDING AGREEMENTS AND TERMS 275 COLLECTION CHARGES 275 COLLECTION
TERMS 275 REPAYMENT BOOK 275 MONEYLENDERS' MANDATORY RECORDS 276
REGULATING THE ACTIVITIES OF MONEYLENDERS 277 ROLE OF THE GARDAF 277
REGISTER OF MONEYLENDERS 277 NON-CONSUMER MONEYLENDING 277 CHAPTER 28
HOUSING LOANS FOR CONSUMERS SCOPE OF CONSUMER CREDIT CONTRACTS 279
CONTENTS XXVII HOUSING LOANS MADE BY MORTGAGE LENDERS 279 PURPOSE OF THE
LOAN 280 BORROWERS 280 MORTGAGE LENDERS 280 MORTGAGE INTERMEDIARY 280
CONTROLLING THE MARKETING OF HOUSING LOANS 281 APR FOR HOUSING LOANS 281
CRITERIA FOR CALCULATION OF APR 281 ASSUMPTIONS UNDERLYING CALCULATION
OF APR 281 ENFORCING COMPLIANCE 282 ADVERTISING OF HOUSING LOANS 282
RESTRAINTS ON CREDIT PROVIDER'S CONTRACTING POWERS 282 PROTECTING
BORROWERS AGAINST INTERMEDIARIES 283 HELPING BORROWERS UNDERSTAND
CONTRACT TERMS 283 FRONT PAGE INFORMATION 283 WARNING ON RISK 284
WARNING ON PAYMENT OF FEES 284 WARNING OF TIED AGENCIES 285 OBLIGATION
TO SUPPLY DOCUMENTS AND INFORMATION TO BORROWER 285 VALUATION REPORTS
286 IMPROVING TRANSPARENCY OF CONTRACT TERMS 286 DISCLOSURE OF PENALTIES
PAYABLE ON ARREARS 286 DISCLOSURE OF CHARGES, FEES, COMMISSIONS, ETC 286
PROTECTING BORROWERS AGAINST UNEQUAL CONTRACT TERMS 287 REDEMPTION FEES
287 COST OF INVESTIGATING LEGAL TITLE 287 INSURANCE OF MORTGAGED
PROPERTY 287 MORTGAGE PROTECTION INSURANCE 287 PROHIBITION ON LINKING OF
SERVICES 288 PROTECTING THE BORROWER ON THE LIQUIDATION OF A LENDER 288
PROTECTION OF BORROWERS AGAINST UNFAIR CONTACT TERMS 288 ENDOWMENT LOANS
289 WARNING NOTICE 289 WHERE INSURER GUARANTEES LOAN 290 PART IX
CONTRACTS OBTAINING INDEPENDENT FINANCIAL SECURITY OR PROTECTION CHAPTER
29 SECURITY, SURETYSHIP AND INSURABLE INTEREST SECURITY PROVIDED BY
THIRD PARTIES 293 INTANGIBLE PERSONAL PROPERTY 293 SHARES AND DEBENTURES
294 CONTRACTS OF SURETYSHIP 294 GUARANTEES AND INDEMNITIES 294
FORMALITIES 295 GUARANTEES 295 VITIATING FACTORS 296 SPECIFIC AND
CONTINUING GUARANTEES 297 RIGHTS OF THE CREDITOR 297 XXVIII MODERN LRISH
COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER LAW RIGHTS OF THE GUARANTOR 297 CONSUMER CREDIT
ACT 1995 PROTECTION 298 RIGHTS OF THE PRINCIPAL DEBTOR 298 DISCHARGE OF
THE GUARANTOR 298 LIMITED GUARANTEES 299 LETTERS OF COMFORT 299
PERFORMANCE BONDS 299 INSURANCE CONTRACTS AND INDEMNITY 300 INSURABLE
INTEREST - THE LEGAL RIGHT TO INSURE 300 THE SUBJECT-MATTER OF THE
INSURANCE 300 THE SUBJ ECT-MATTER OF THE CONTRACT 301 THE NATURE OF
INSURABLE INTEREST 301 EASING THE DEFINITION OF INSURABLE INTEREST 302 A
WORKING DEFINITION 303 HOW INSURABLE INTEREST CAN ARISE 303 WHEN
INSURABLE INTEREST MUST EXIST 304 POLICIES LACKING INSURABLE INTEREST
304 LEGISLATIVE INTERVENTION * YVJ THE LIFE ASSURANCE ACT 1774 305 SCOPE
OF THE 1774 ACT 306 LACK OF INSURABLE INTEREST AS A DEFENCE 306
ASSIGNMENT OF INSURANCE CONTRACTS 306 FIRE AND ACCIDENT INSURANCES JUO
MARINE AND LIFE POLICIES 307 ASSIGNMENT OF THE PROCEEDS OF A POLICY 308
THE UNCLAIMED LIFE ASSURANCE POLICIES ACT 2003 3O 8 UNCLAIMED POLICIES 3
^ 8 NOTICE TO POLICYHOLDERS 309 THE TRANSFER OF THE POLICY MONIES 3 ^ 9
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE 3 1 ^ POLICYHOLDERS' RIGHTS 3 1
CONFIDENTIALITY 3 10 CHAPTER 30 INDEMNITY, SUBROGATION, CONTRIBUTION AND
INSURANCE CONTRACTS MEANING OF INDEMNITY 3 11 NON-INDEMNITY INSURANCE
CONTRACTS 311 METHODS OF INDEMNIFYING AN INSURED 312 FACTORS PREVENTING
A FUELL INDEMNITY 312 FORMS AND MEASUREMENT OF LOSS 313 BETTERMENT 313
UNDER-INSURANCE AND AVERAGE 314 THE TWIN COROLLARIES OF INDEMNITY 315
SUBROGATION 315 THE EXPRESS SUBROGATION CONDITION 315 HOW SUBROGATION
RIGHTS ARISE 316 HOW MUCH CAN AN INSURER RECOVER? 316 CONTRIBUTION (OR
DOUBLE INSURANCE) 317 CONTENTS XXIX EFFECT AT COMMON LAW 318 EFFECT OF
EXPRESS CONTRIBUTION CONDITION 318 CHAPTER 31 DUTY OF DISCLOSURE,
INSURANCE CONTRACTS AND CONSUMER PROTECTION DISCLOSURE AND GOOD FAITH IN
INSURANCE CONTRACTS 319 CONTRACTS UBERRIMAE FIDEI 319 WHAT MUST BE
DISCLOSED? 320 MATERIAL FACTS WHICH NEED NOT BE DISCLOSED 322 DURATION
OF THE DUTY OF DISCLOSURE 323 DISCLOSURE BY AGENTS 324 'BASIS OF
CONTRACT' CLAUSES IN PROPOSAL FORMS 325 WARRANTIES AND REPRESENTATIONS
325 STATUTORY EXCEPTION 326 CRITIQUE 326 REFORMS FOR CONSUMERS 326
EASING THE DEFINITION OF MATERIAL FACTS 327 REFORMING BASIS OF CONTRACT
CLAUSES 327 PROMISSORY WARRANTIES 328 RENEWALS AND THE POLICYHOLDERS'
RENEWED DUTY OF DISCLOSURE 328 LEGAL STATUS OF THE CODES OF PRACTICE 328
NON-IRISH BASED INSURERS 329 THE LRISH INSURANCE OMBUDSMAN 329
COMPELLING MORE DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION FROM INSURERS 329 DISCLOSURES
BY LRISH LIFE ASSURERS POST-2001 330 PRE-CONTRACTUAL INFORMATION TO BE
PROVIDED TO LIFE ASSURANCE POLICYHOLDERS 331 DECLARATION 331
ILLUSTRATION TABLES 331 POST-CONTRACTUAL INFORMATION FOR LIFE
POLICYHOLDERS 332 WHICH LIFE POLICYHOLDERS ARE ENTITLED TO THIS
INFORMATION? 332 DISCLOSURES BY NON-LIFE INSURERS 332 DUTY OF DISCLOSURE
AND NON-CONSUMER INSURANCE CONTRACTS 333 THE PAN ATLANTIC CASE TEST OF
MATERIALITY 333 CHAPTER 32 INSURANCE CONTRACT TERMS, THE 1995
REGULATIONS, AND BREACHES OF CONDITIONS CORE TERMS IN INSURANCE
CONTRACTS 335 INSURANCE CONTRACT TERMS CLASSIFIED 336 IMPLIED TERMS AND
THE 1995 REGULATIONS 336 EXPRESS TERMS AND THE 1995 REGULATIONS 337
NON-CORE INSURANCE TERMS 337 APPROVED CONDITIONS IN A MOTOR INSURANCE
CONTRACT 338 SEQUENTIAL CLASSIFICATION OF INSURANCE CONTRACT TERMS 338
CONSEQUENCES OF BREACH OF CONDITION 339 INADVERTENT BREACHES OR BREACHES
IN GOOD FAITH 339 BREACH OF WARRANTY, CAUSATION AND CLAIMS 340 XXX
MODERN LRISH COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER LAW PART X COLLATERAL SECURITY FOR
LOANS, CREDIT AND RECEIVABLES FINANCING CHAPTER 33 USING (OWNERSHIP OR)
POSSESSION OF GOODS AS COLLATERAL SECURITY POSSESSION OF GOODS WITH
DEBTOR 343 WHERE CREDITOR HOLDS DEBTOR' S GOODS 344 PLEDGE 344 RIGHTS OF
THE PLEDGEE -^ PLEDGEE'S DUTIES 345 TERMINATION OF A CONTRACT OF PLEDGE
345 PLEDGING INTANGIBLE PROPERTY 345 LIEN 3 F MAIN TYPES OF LIEN
POSSESSORY LIENS GENERAL OR PARTICULAR POSSESSORY LIENS 346 POWER OF
SAELE 34 J EQUITABLE LIENS MARITIME LIENS TERMINATION OF LIENS CHAPTER 34
USING POSSESSION OF NEGOTIABLE CONTRACT DOCUMENTS AS SECURITY
CLASSIFICATION OF PERSONAL PROPERTY 3 ^50 CLASSIFICATION OF INTANGIBLE
PERSONAL PROPERTY D J DOCUMENTARY INTANGIBLES 3 NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS 3
QUASI-NEGOTIABLE CONTRACT DOCUMENTS 352 NON-NEGOTIABLE DOCUMENTS 3
NON-DOCUMENTARY (OR PURE) INTANGIBLES 355 CHAPTER 35 MORTGAGES AND
CHARGES THE NATURE OF A MORTGAGE 3 EQUITABLE MORTGAGES AND CHARGES 35
CHARGES 358 CONSUMERS AND HOUSING MORTGAGES J COMPANY BORROWING 359
LEGAL AND EQUITABLE MORTGAGES OF REAL PROPERTY 35 9 FIXED CHARGES OVER
REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY 359 FLOATING CHARGES OVER PERSONAL PROPERTY
360 REGISTRATION OF CHARGES SECURING DEBENTURES 362 CONSEQUENCES OF
NON-REGISTRATION 363 PRIORITY OF CHARGES 363 TYPES OF PROPERTY WHICH CAN
BE USED AS SECURITY 364 BILLS OF SAELE AND TRANSFERS OF PERSONAL CHATTEIS
BY INDIVIDUAIS 364 STATUTORY REGULATION 365 SCOPE OF LEGISLATION 365
FORMALITIES 365 CREDITORS' ENFORCEMENT RIGHTS 366 CONTENTS XXXI
IMPRACTICABILITY OF MORTGAGES AND CHARGES ON CHATTEIS 366 CHAPTER 36
RECEIVABLES FINANCING AND ASSIGNMENT OF NON- NEGOTIABLE CONTRACT RIGHTS
MEANING OF 'RECEIVABLES' 367 CONTRACTUAL RECEIVABLES 367 MEANS OF
UTILISING RECEIVABLES 368 SELLING AND DISCOUNTING RECEIVABLES 368
RECEIVABLES FINANCING AND ASSIGNMENT 369 ASSIGNMENT OF CHOSES IN ACTION
369 ASSIGNMENT OF CONTRACTUAL RIGHTS OR BENEFITS 370 ASSIGNMENTS IN
EQUITY 370 STATUTORY ASSIGNMENTS 371 RIGHTS WHICH ARE NON-ASSIGNABLE 371
PRIORITIES AND LIMITS TO ASSIGNEES' RIGHTS 372 ASSIGNABILITY AND
NEGOTIABILITY 372 ASSIGNMENT OF CONTRACTUAL LIABILITIES 373 NOVATION 373
PART XI CONTRACTUAL INTERESTS AND THIRD PARTY RIGHTS CHAPTER 37 FURTHER
AVOIDANCE OF THE PRIVITY RULE IMPORTANT STATUTORY EXCEPTIONS TO THE
PRIVITY RULE 377 ROADTRAFFIC ACT 1961 377 MARRIED WOMEN'S STATUS ACT
1957 377 SAELE OF GOODS AND SUPPLY OF SERVICES ACT 1980 378 CONSUMER
CREDIT ACT 1995 378 LIABILITY FOR DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS ACT 1991 378
PACKAGE HOLIDAYS AND TRAVEL TRADE ACT 1995 378 COMPANIES ACT 1963 378
BILLS OF EXCHANGE ACT 1882 379 BILLS OF LADING ACT 1855 379 FORMAL
ASSIGNMENT OF CONTRACT RIGHTS 379 INVOLUNTARY ASSIGNMENTS 379 IMPORTANT
COMMON LAW EXCEPTIONS TO THE PRIVITY RULE 379 TRUSTS 380 RESTRICTIONS ON
THE USE OF GOODS 380 EXEMPTION CLAUSES AND THIRD PARTIES 381 COLLATERAL
CONTRACTS 381 EXEMPTION CLAUSES AND COLLATERAL CONTRACTS 382 THE
'PRINCIPLED APPROACH' EXCEPTION 382 AGENCY 382 AGENTS AND INTERMEDIARIES
382 COMMERCIAL AGENTS 384 TORTIOUS LIABILITY 385 LIABILITY FOR DEFECTIVE
PRODUCTS ACT 1991, AS AMENDED 386 PROOF OF DEFECT AND DAMAGE 387 LIMITS
TO PRODUCER'S LIABILITY 387 XXXII MODERN LRISH COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER
LAW CONTRACTING OUT PROHIBITED 388 CHAPTER 38 THE COMMON LAW OF AGENCY
CREATION OF THE AGENCY RELATIONSHIP 389 APPOINTMENT OF AGENTS BY
AGREEMENT 389 AGENCY BY ESTOPPEL 39 ^ AGENCY BY OPERATION OF THE LAW 39
1 AGENCY BY RATIFICATION 392 THE AUTHORITY OF AGENTS 393 AGENCIES AND
THIRD PARTIES 396 DISCLOSED PRINCIPAL 396 CIRCUMSTANCES WHEN THE AGENT
MAY INCUR A LIABILITY 397 BREACH OF IMPLIED WARRANTY OF AUTHORITY 397
OTHER GROUNDS FOR AGENT'S LIABILITY 398 UNDISCLOSED PRINCIPAL 398 THE
PRINCIPAFS AND AGENT'S CONTRACT TERMS 399 AGENT' S RIGHTS (AND
PRINCIPAL' S DUTIES) 399 RIGHT TO REMUNERATION 399 COMMISSION 400 RIGHT
TO INDEMNITY 400 AGENT'S LIEN 401 AGENT'S DUTIES (AND PRINCIPAL'S
RIGHTS) 401 DUTY TO OBEY PRINCIPAL'S INSTRUCTIONS 401 AGENT MUST NOT
DELEGATE HIS AUTHORITY 402 AGENT MUST EXERCISE REASONABLE CARE AND SKILL
403 AGENT' S FIDUCIARY DUTIES 403 DUTY TO AVOID CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
404 DUTY NOT TO MAKE A SECRET PROFIT OR TAKE A BRIBE 404 DUTY TO ACCOUNT
FOR THE PRINCIPAL'S MONEY AND PROPERTY 405 TERMINATION OF AGENCY 405
TERMINATION BY ACT OF THE PARTIES 405 TERMINATION BY OPERATION OF THE
LAW 406 CHAPTER 39 COMMERCIAL AGENTS AND OTHER MARKETING ARRANGEMENTS
FORMALITIES 407 TERRITORIAL LIMITS? 4 07 DUTIES OF A PRINCIPAL TO HIS
COMMERCIAL AGENT 4 08 RIGHTS OF COMMERCIAL AGENTS 408 REMUNERATION
AND/OR COMMISSION 408 RIGHTS TO INFORMATION 409 DUTIES OF A COMMERCIAL
AGENT TO HIS PRINCIPAL 409 CONCLUSION AND TERMINATION OF COMMERCIAL
AGENCIES 409 NOTICE 410 COMMERCIAL AGENT'S ENTITLEMENT TO INDEMNITY OR
COMPENSATION ON TERMINATION 410 MEASURE OF DAMAGES 411 TIME LIMITS 411
CONTENTS XXXIII IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE 17 411 RESTRAINT OF TRADE
CLAUSES 412 OTHER COMMERCIAL MARKETING ARRANGEMENTS 412 DISTRIBUTORSHIP
412 FRANCHISING 413 LICENSING 413 SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES 413 CHAPTER 40
PROTECTING THIRD PARTIES AGAINST UNFAIR SELLING PRACTICES BY CERTAIN
INTERMEDIARIES TIED AGENTS 416 PROBLEMS IN INSURANCE AGENCY LAW 416
REGULATION OF INSURANCE INTERMEDIARIES 416 REGULATING INSURANCE
INTERMEDIARIES AS INVESTMENT BUSINESS FIRMS 417 RESTRICTED ACTIVITY
INVESTMENT PRODUCT INTERMEDIARIES 417 CONDITIONS FOR TRADING 418
AUTHORISED ADVISORS 419 AUTHORISED CASH HANDLERS 420 INVESTOR
COMPENSATION FUND 421 REGULATING MORTGAGE INTERMEDIARIES 421 REGISTER OF
MORTGAGE INTERMEDIARIES 422 REGULATING CREDIT INTERMEDIARIES 422
OBLIGATION TO INFORM CONSUMERS 422 CREDIT INTERMEDIARIES REGISTER 423
BENEFIT OF REGULATING MORTGAGE AND CREDIT INTERMEDIARIES 423 IFSRA CODES
OF CONDUCT 423 CONSUMER CHARTER 424 REVIEW 424 PART XII THE LAW RELATING
TO NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS CHAPTER 41 BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY
NOTES ASSIGNMENT 427 TRANSFER OF NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS 427 USING A BILL
OF EXCHANGE 428 PARTIES TO A BILL OF EXCHANGE 428 VALIDITY OF BILLS OF
EXCHANGE 428 THE BILLS OF EXCHANGE ACT 1882 429 AN UNCONDITIONAL ORDER
IN WRITING 429 ADDRESSED BY ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER 429 SIGNED BY THE
PERSON GIVING IT (THE DRAWER) 429 REQUIRING THE DRAWEE TO PAY ON DEMAND
OR AT A FIXED TIME 429 A SUM CERTAIN IN MONEY 430 TO THE ORDER OF A
SPECIFIED PERSON OR TO BEARER 430 FICTITIOUS PAYEES 430 CONSIDERATION
431 INLAND AND FOREIGN BILLS 431 INCOMPLETE (INCHOATE) INSTRUMENTS 431
XXXIV MODERN LRISH COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER LAW OPTIONAL EXPRESS TERMS
431 ACCEPTANCE OF BILL 432 DELIVERY OF THE BILL 432 CAPACITY AND
AUTHORITY OF THE PARTIES 432 NEGOTIATION OF THE BILL 433 METHODS OF
NEGOTIATING A BILL 433 INDORSEMENT 433 BLANK INDORSEMENT 433 SPECIAL
INDORSEMENT 434 CONDITIONAL INDORSEMENT 434 RESTRICTIVE INDORSEMENT 434
EFFECT OF NEGOTIATION 434 A HOLDER IN DUE COURSE 434 LEGAL PRESUMPTIONS
435 OTHER HOLDERS 436 DUTIES OF THE HOLDER 436 DISHONOUR BY
NON-ACCEPTANCE 436 PRESENTATION FOR PAYMENT 437 DISHONOUR BY NON-PAYMENT
437 DISHONOUR OF THE BILL 437 CONFLICT OF LAWS 438 LIABILITY OF THE
PARTIES TO A BILL 438 ACCEPTOR 438 DRAWER 439 INDORSER 439 TRANSFEROR BY
DELIVERY 439 MEASURE OF DAMAGES FOR DISHONOURED BILL 439 DISCHARGE OF
BILL 439 PAYMENT IN DUE COURSE 439 EXPRESS WAIVER 440 CANCELLATION 440
MATERIAL ALTERATION 440 PROMISSORY NOTES 440 BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND
PROMISSORY NOTES COMPARED 440 JOINT AND SEVERAL NOTES 441 THE 1882 ACT
AND PROMISSORY NOTES 441 BANK NOTES 442 CHAPTER 42 CHEQUES, BANKERS AND
BANKING INSTRUMENTS CHEQUES PAYABLE TO 'CASH' OR POST-DATED 443 THE
BANKER-CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP 444 WITHDRAWALOF FUNDS 444 DUTY TO HONOUR
CUSTOMER' S CHEQUES 444 DUTY OF CONFIDENTIALITY 445 PRESENTMENT OF
CHEQUE FOR PAYMENT 446 REVOCATION OF B ANKER' S AUTHORITY TO PAY 446
CROSSING OF CHEQUES 447 RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES OF PARTIES TO CHEQUE
TRANSACTIONS 448 CONTENTS XXXV THE DRAWER 448 THE PAYEE 448 THE BEARER
448 INDORSERS 448 HOLDERS 449 PAYING AND COLLECTING BANKS 449 CENTRAL
CHEQUE-CLEARING SYSTEM 449 PROTECTION FOR PAYING BANKS 449 PROTECTION
FOR COLLECTING BANKS 451 COLLECTING BANK AS HOLDER FOR VALUE 452
CHEQUES, CASH AND TECHNOLOGY 452 CHEQUES, CREDIT CARDS AND CONSUMERS 453
B ANKER'SDRAFTS 453 QUASI-NEGOTIABLE DOCUMENTS 453 PART XIII
INTELLECTUAL AND OTHER NON- DOCUMENTARY (PURE) INTANGIBLE PROPERTY
CHAPTER 43 PURE INTANGIBLE PROPERTY GENERALLY NON-CONTRACTUAL FORMS OF
PURE INTANGIBLES 457 REPUTATION 458 DEFAMATION 458 MALICIOUS FALSEHOOD
458 SLANDER OF GOODS 459 FALSE STATEMENTS WHICH DAMAGE A PERSON'S TRADE
OR BUSINESS 459 BUSINESS GOODWILL AND REPUTATION 460 THE TORT OF PASSING
OFF 460 FORMS OF PASSING OFF 463 REMEDIES 464 TRADE MARKS 465
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 465 BASIS OF JURISDICTION 466 EXAMPLES OF
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 466 REMEDIES 466 CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION AND
TRADE SECRETS 467 CONFIDENTIALITY, GOODWILL AND RESTRAINT OF TRADE
CONTRACTS 467 RESTRAINTS ON EMPLOYEES 468 REASONABLENESS OF RESTRAINTS
ON EMPLOYEES 468 RESTRAINTS ON SAELE OF GOODWILL 469 REPUTATION AND IMAGE
RIGHTS 469 CHAPTER 44 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, REGISTERED TRADE MARKS AND
INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS WHAT IS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY? 471 QUASI-INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY 472 REGISTERED TRADE MARKS 473 DEFINITION 473 NATURE 473
REGISTRATION OF TRADE MARKS 473 X XXVI MODERN LRISH COMMERCIAL AND
CONSUMER LAW EXAMINATION OF THE APPLICATION 474 ABSOLUTE GROUNDS FOR
REFUSING REGISTRATION 474 RELATIVE GROUNDS FOR REFUSING REGISTRATION 475
CONTROLLERS DECISION 475 RIGHT OF APPEAL 476 PROPERTY RIGHTS OF THE
PROPRIETOR 476 EXCLUSIVE USE 476 TRANSFER OF RIGHTS 476 LICENSING OF USE
476 DURATION AND RENEWAL 477 INFRINGEMENT 477 DILUTION OF REPUTATION 478
LIMITS (OR DEFENCES) TO INFRINGEMENT 478 PROCEEDINGS AND REMEDIES 478
TERMINATION OF REGISTRATION 479 DECLARATION OF INVALIDITY 479 COMMUNITY
TRADE MARKS AND INTERNATIONAL MATTERS 479 INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS 480
BENEFITS OF DESIGNS 480 RELEVANT PRODUCTS 480 REGISTRABLE DESIGNS 480
OWNERSHIP OF DESIGNS 481 APPLYING FOR REGISTRATION 481 DESIGN RIGHT 481
INFRINGEMENT OF DESIGN RIGHTS 483 PROCEEDINGS AND REMEDIES 484 RIGHTS
AND REMEDIES OF LICENSEES 484 CHAPTER 45 PATENTS AND COPYRIGHT GRANTING
OF PATENTS 485 PATCNTABLE INVCNTIONS 485 SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INDUSTRIAL
APPLICATION 486 NOVELTY ' 486 INVENLIVE STEP 486 EXCLUSIONS FROM
PATENTABILITY 487 OBTAINING A PATENT 488 DURATION OF PATENT 488 PATENT
OWNER'S RIGHTS 489 LIMITATIONS 489 OTHER OWNERSHIP RIGHTS 489 LICENCES "
489 INFRINGEMENT AND REMEDIES 490 RESTRICTIONS ON RECOVERY OF DAMAGES
490 THIRD PARTY RIGHTS ' " 490 COPYRIGHT " 490 SCOPE OF THE 2000 ACT 491
COPYRIGHT WORKS 491 ORIGINAL DATABASES 493 CONTENTS XXXVII SPECIAL
COPYRIGHT WORKS 493 OWNERSHIP OF COPYRIGHT 494 DURATION OF COPYRIGHT 494
QUALIFICATION FOR COPYRIGHT PROTECTION 494 COPYRIGHT OWNER'S RIGHLS 495
LIMITS TO COPYRIGHT PROTECTION 495 INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT 496 MORAL
RIGHTS OF AUTHORS 497 PATERNITY RIGHT 498 INTEGRITY RIGHT 498 FALSE
ATTRIBUTION OF WORK 498 RIGHT TO PRIVACY IN PRIVATE PHOTOGRAPHS AND
FILMS 49K DURATION OF MORAL RIGHTS 498 DEALINGS IN MORAL RIGHLS 49K
RIGHTS IN PERFORMANCES 498 PERFORMERS' RIGHLS 499 INFRINGEMENT OF
PERFORMERS' RIGHTS 499 PERFORMERS' RIGHTS GENERALLY 499 DURATION OF
PERFORMERS' RIGHTS 499 INDEX 501 |
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| author | Ellis, T. Henry |
| author_GND | (DE-588)129762628 |
| author_facet | Ellis, T. Henry |
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| author_sort | Ellis, T. Henry |
| author_variant | t h e th the |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV021457541 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)56539227 (DE-599)BVBBV021457541 |
| dewey-full | 346.41707 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 346 - Private law |
| dewey-raw | 346.41707 |
| dewey-search | 346.41707 |
| dewey-sort | 3346.41707 |
| dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| discipline_str_mv | Rechtswissenschaft |
| format | Book |
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:06:41Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:36:24Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0853089353 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Ellis, T. Henry Verfasser (DE-588)129762628 aut Modern irish commercial and consumer law Henry Ellis Bristol Jordans 2004 LXXVIII, 536 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Handelsrecht (DE-588)4023249-9 gnd rswk-swf Verbraucherschutz (DE-588)4117338-7 gnd rswk-swf Irland (DE-588)4027667-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Irland (DE-588)4027667-3 g Handelsrecht (DE-588)4023249-9 s Verbraucherschutz (DE-588)4117338-7 s DE-604 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014677631&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Ellis, T. Henry Modern irish commercial and consumer law Handelsrecht (DE-588)4023249-9 gnd Verbraucherschutz (DE-588)4117338-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4023249-9 (DE-588)4117338-7 (DE-588)4027667-3 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Modern irish commercial and consumer law |
| title_auth | Modern irish commercial and consumer law |
| title_exact_search | Modern irish commercial and consumer law |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Modern irish commercial and consumer law |
| title_full | Modern irish commercial and consumer law Henry Ellis |
| title_fullStr | Modern irish commercial and consumer law Henry Ellis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modern irish commercial and consumer law Henry Ellis |
| title_short | Modern irish commercial and consumer law |
| title_sort | modern irish commercial and consumer law |
| topic | Handelsrecht (DE-588)4023249-9 gnd Verbraucherschutz (DE-588)4117338-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Handelsrecht Verbraucherschutz Irland Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014677631&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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