Intellectual property: patents, copyright, trade marks and allied rights
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| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London
Sweet & Maxwell
2003
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| Edition: | 5. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | CX, 895 S. |
| ISBN: | 0421781203 9780421781207 0421781106 9780421781108 |
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MARC
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Record in the Search Index
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IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
PREFACE TO FIFTH EDITION V
T A B LE OF CASES XII
TABLE OF STATUTES BOOTIII
T A B LE OF STATUTORY I N S T R U M E N TS XCV
TABLE OF EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION XCVII
TABLE OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES, CONVENTIONS AND AGREEMENTS CII TABLE OF
ABBREVIATIONS DX
PART I: COMMON GROUND
1. STARTING POINTS L-OI
1. GENERAL 1-01
(1) "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY" 1-02
(2) ORGANISATION OF THE MATERIAL 1-02
2. TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 1-04
(1) PATENTS (CHAPTERS 3-7) 1-05
(2) COPYRIGHT (CHAPTERS 9-13) 1-06
(3) TRADE MARKS AND NAMES (CHAPTERS 15-17) 1-07
(4) OTHER ASPIRANTS 1-08
(A) INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS (CHAPTER 14) 1-09
(B) TRADE SECRETS AND OTHER CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION (CHAPTER 8) 1-10
(C) FURTHER DEMANDS 1-11
3. PRESSURES FOR DEVELOPMENT 1-12
(1) SPECIFIC RIGHTS AND UNFAIR COMPETITION 1-13
(2) ENHANCEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 1-23
(A) DEMANDS FOR GREATER PROTECTION 1-23
(B) SOURCES OF UNITED KINGDOM LAW: LEGISLATION AND INTERPRETATION 1-25
(C) SOURCES OF EUROPEAN COMMUNITY LAW: GENERAL 1-26
(D) THE EC TREATY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 1-28
(E) LEGAL ISSUES ACROSS STATE BOUNDARIES; INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS 1-29
(F) INTERNATIONAL TREATIES: AUTHORITY AND APPLICABILITY 1-33
(3) CHALLENGES TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: POLITICAL 1-35
(4) CHALLENGES TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: TECHNOLOGICAL 1-37
4. PROPERTY AND MONOPOLY: ECONOMIC APPROACHES 1-39
(1) PROPERTY RIGHTS 1-40
(2) MONOPOLIST BEHAVIOUR 1-43
(3) THE PRESUMPTION AGAINST MONOPOLY 1-44
(4) INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND MONOPOLY 1^5
5. DIVISION OF MARKETS AND THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA 1-48
(1) DIVIDING MARKETS 1-48
(2) EXHAUSTION OF RIGHTS 1-49
(3) THE IDEA OF A COMMON MARKET 1-50
(4) FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS 1-51
(5) RULES OF COMPETITION 1-53
(6) RELATION BETWEEN THE TWO POLICIES 1-55
(A) TRADE BETWEEN MEMBER STATES 1-56
(B) THE ECONOMIC COUNTER-BALANCE 1-57
(7) OVERVIEW OF THE PARALLEL IMPORTATION PROBLEM 1-58
VII
IMAGE 2
CONTENTS
2. THE ENFORCEMENT OF RIGHTS 2-01
1. TYPES OF PROCEEDING 2-04
(1) CIVIL CAUSES OF ACTION 2-05
(A) OWNERS AND LICENSEES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 2-06
(B) DEFENDANTS 2-07
(C) HIGH COURT AND COUNTY COURT 2-10
(D) GENERAL TORTS COVERING ECONOMIC LOSS 2-12
(2) CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS 2-19
(A) OFFENCES SPECIFICALLY CONCERNING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 2-20 (B)
CONSPIRACY TO DEFRAUD 2-21
(C) CRIMES AND CIVIL RELIEF 2-22
(3) ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES 2-23
(A) CUSTOMS PROHIBITION 2-23
(B) TRADING STANDARDS AUTHORITIES 2-24
(C) SUPERVISION OF BROADCASTING 2-25
(D) ADVERTISING STANDARDS AUTHORITY 2-26
(4) SELF-HELP 2-27
2. REMEDIES IN CIVIL ACTIONS 2-28
(1) INJUNCTION 2-31
(A) INTERIM INJUNCTION 2-32
(B) FINAL INJUNCTION 2-37
(2) DELIVERY UP 2-38
(3) DAMAGES 2-39
(A) BASES FOR ASSESSMENT 2-39
(B) INNOCENCE 2-42
(4) ACCOUNT OF PROFITS 2-43
(5) "FRANKING" 2-45
(6) REMEDIES FOR ACTS WHICH ARE NOT THEMSELVES INFRINGEMENTS 2-46 3.
SECURING EVIDENCE OF INFRINGEMENT 2-47
(1) SEARCH ORDER FOR INSPECTION AND OTHER RELIEF: ANTON PILLER ORDER
2-48 (A) REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ORDER 2-48
(B) DANGERS IN THE PROCESS 2-49
(C) CHALLENGES TO THE ORDER 2-52
(D) SELF-INCRIMINATION 2-54
(2) FREEZING INJUNCTION FOR THE RETENTION OF ASSETS: MAREVA INJUNCTION
2-56 (3) DISCOVERY OF NAMES: NORWICH PHARMACOL ACTION 2-58
(4) DISCOVERY, INTERROGATORIES, INSPECTION 2-59
4. DELAYED AMBUSH AND SELECTIVE ACTION 2-62
(1) LIMITATION OF ACTIONS 2-63
(2) ACQUIESCENCE 2-64
(3) ESTOPPELS OF RECORD (RES JUDICATA) 2-65
(A) JUDGMENT IN REM 2-66
(B) CAUSE OF ACTION ESTOPPEL 2-67
(C) ISSUE ESTOPPEL 2-68
(4) ACTIONS CONCERNING FOREIGN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 2-72
(A) FOREIGN INFRINGEMENTS 2-72
(B) JURISDICTION: THE JUDGMENTS REGULATION OF 2002 2-74
(C) RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT: THE CONVENTIONS 2-82
(D) FOREIGN DEFENDANT FROM OUTSIDE EU AND EFTA 2-83
(E) AN INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT CONVENTION 2-84 (F)
CHOICE OF APPLICABLE LAW 2-85
(G) FOREIGN TRANSACTIONS 2-86
(5) MAKING OTHERS RESPONSIBLE 2-90
(6) ESTABLISHING FREEDOM FROM LIABILITY 2-92
(7) THREATS TO SUE 2-93
VLLL
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS
PART II: PATENTS
3. G R O W TH A ND P U R P O SE OF PATENTS 3-01
1. THE NEW DEAL OF 1978 3-01
2. THE BRITISH PATENT SYSTEM: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 3-04
(1) BEGINNINGS 3-04
(2) THE COMING OF INDUSTRIALISATION 3-06
3. THE "INTERNATIONAL" PATENT SYSTEM 3-13
(1) FOREIGN IMPACT UPON NATIONAL SYSTEMS 3-13
(2) HOSTILITY TO PATENTS 3-16
(3) CO-OPERATION IN PATENTING: WORLD-WIDE LINKAGES 3-19
(4) CO-OPERATION IN PATENTING: WESTERN EUROPE 3-23
(5) A SECOND TIER RIGHT FOR WESTERN EUROPE 3-31
4. JUSTIFYING THE PATENT SYSTEM 3-36
(1) BASIC OBJECTIVES 3-36
(2) PATENTS AS INCENTIVES TO INVENT AND INNOVATE 3-38
(A) TYPES OF INVENTOR 3-39
(B) LEVELS OF INVENTION 3-4-2
(C) O P T I M UM T E RM FOR P A T E N TS 3^18
(3) P A T E N TS AS AN INFORMATION SYSTEM 3-49
(4) ADAPTING THE PATENT SYSTEM: NEW TECHNOLOGY 3-52
5. THE PATENTS ACT 1977: STRUCTURE AND INTERPRETATION 3-54
4. THE PATENT: GRANT AND CONTENT 4-01
1. OBTAINING A PATENT 4-01
(1) GENERAL 4-01
(A) PARALLELS 4-01
(B) COMPETITION BETWEEN THE SYSTEMS 4-02
(C) LANGUAGES 4-04
(2) PERSONS ENTITLED TO GRANT 4-06
(3) PATENT SPECIFICATION 4-09
(4) PRIORITY 4-10
(5) SECRECY: NATIONAL INTEREST 4-14
(6) UNITY AND DIVISION 4-15
(7) FORMAL EXAMINATION 4-16
(8) SEARCH AND EXAMINATION 4-17
(A) INTRODUCTORY 4-17
(B) SEARCH 4-19
(C) EARLY PUBLICATION OF APPLICATION 4-20
(D) AMENDING DURING PROSECUTION 4-21
(E) THE COURSE OF EXAMINATION 4-22
(F) TIME-LIMITS 4-23
(9) GRANT AND RENEWAL 4-24
(10) OBJECTIONS TO VALIDITY AFTER GRANT 4-27
2. A M E N D M E NT 4-30
(1) INTRODUCTORY 4-30
(2) AMENDMENT: GENERAL 4-31
(A) LEGAL REQUIREMENTS 4-31
(B) THE DISCRETION 4-34
(3) CORRECTIONS OF ERRORS 4-35
3. CLAIMS 4-37
(1) CLAIMS AND INFRINGEMENT: AN INTRODUCTION 4-37
(2) INTERPRETATION OF SPECIFICATIONS 4-41
(3) THE ADDRESSEE OF THE SPECIFICATION 4-43
(4) THE APPLICATION FILE 4-45
(5) TYPES OF CLAIM 4-46
(A) GENERAL 4-46
(B) CHEMICAL INVENTIONS 4-47
IX
IMAGE 4
CONTENTS
5. VALIDITY 5-01
1. NOVELTY 5-03
(1) INTRODUCTION 5-03
(2) PUBLICATION AND USE 5-06
(3) MATERIAL AVAILABLE FOR CONSIDERATION 5-09
(A) TEMPORAL FACTORS 5-10
(B) TERRITORIAL FACTORS 5-11
(C) FORM 5-12
(D) DEGREE OF DISSEMINATION 5-13
(E) MATTER IN PRIOR SPECIFICATIONS 5-14
(F) SPECIAL EXCLUSIONS 5-16
(4) RELATIONS BETWEEN ANTICIPATION AND INVENTION IN SUIT 5-17
(A) THE COMPARISON 5-17
(B) THE ANTICIPATION: CLARITY AND SUFFICIENCY OF A DOCUMENT 5-18 (C) THE
ANTICIPATION: APPRECIATION OF SIGNIFICANCE OF AN EMBODIMENT 5-19 (5)
THINGS AND THEIR USES 5-21
(A) NEW THING WITH AN ADVANTAGE 5-21
(B) NEW USE OF AN OLD THING 5-22
(C) SELECTION PATENTS 5-23
(D) NEW ADVANTAGE OF OLD THING 5-26
(6) EXCLUSION BY AMENDMENT 5-28
2. INVENTIVE STEP 5-29
(1) INTRODUCTION 5-29
(A) TERMINOLOGY 5-31
(B) PARAPHRASES 5-32
(C) OBJECTIVE TEST 5-33
(D) ADVANCE IN THE ART 5-34
(E) NEW ADVANTAGE AND NEW USE 5-35
(F) PERCEPTION OF PROBLEM 5-36
(G) ONUS OF PROOF 5-37
(2) ASSESSING OBVIOUSNESS 5-38
(A) THE NOTIONAL SKILLED WORKER 5-38
(B) THE UNINVENTIVE TECHNICIAN'S KNOWLEDGE 5-39
(C) "MOSAICING" 5-42
(D) OBSCURE SOURCES: PUBLICATION 5-43
(E) OBSCURE SOURCES: COMPREHENSION 5-44
(3) THE BASIC COMPARISON 5-45
(A) PROXIMITY TO THE PRIOR ART 5-46
(B) OBVIOUS TO TRY: CHEMICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INVENTIONS 5-49 (C)
TECHNICAL ADVANTAGE AND COMMERCIAL SUCCESS 5-51
3. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION 5-53
4. PATENTABLE SUBJECT-MATTER 5-54
(1) INTELLECTUAL CONCEPTIONS 5-56
(A) DISCOVERIES 5-56
(B) SCHEMES FOR PERFORMING MENTAL ACTS; BUSINESS METHODS; PRESEN- 5-59
TATION OF INFORMATION (C) AESTHETIC CREATIONS 5-61
(D) COMPUTER PROGRAMS 5-62
(2) BIOLOGICAL SUBJECT-MATTER 5-64
(A) METHODS OF TREATING THE HUMAN OR ANIMAL BODY 5-67
(B) PLANT AND ANIMAL VARIETIES; CERTAIN PROCESSES FOR THEIR PRODUC- 5-76
TION (C) "ORDRE PUBLIC" AND MORALITY 5-83
5. CLEAR AND COMPLETE DISCLOSURE 5-84
(1) GENERAL 5-84
(2) MAKING THE DISCLOSURE 5-86
(3) MICRO-ORGANISM DEPOSIT 5-89
(4) GOOD FAITH IN DISCLOSING 5-90
IMAGE 5
CONTENTS
6. REQUIREMENT FOR CLAIMS 5-92
(1) CLAIMS AND DISCLOSURE 5-92
(2) AMBIGUOUS CLAIMS 5-97
6: SCOPE OF MONOPOLY 6-01
1. INFRINGEMENT 6-01
(1) INTRODUCTION 6-01
(2) THE ROLE OF THE CLAIMS 6-02
(3) TYPE OF INFRINGING ACTIVITY 6-09
(A) INFRINGEMENT DURING MANUFACTURE 6-11
(B) INFRINGEMENT AFTER MANUFACTURE: GENERAL PROVISIONS 6-12 (C) AFTER
MANUFACTURE: EXHAUSTION OF RIGHTS 6-15
(D) BEFORE MANUFACTURE: "INDIRECT" AND OTHER INFRINGEMENT 6-17 (E) NEW
MEDICAL AND OTHER APPLICATIONS OF KNOWN SUBSTANCES 6-20 (4) PRIOR USE
AND COMMENCEMENT INFRINGEMENT 6-21
(5) PROCEEDINGS CONCERNING THE INFRINGEMENT AND VALIDITY OF PATENTS 6-23
2. THE SPECIFICATION IN LIGHT OF THE LEGAL REQUIREMENTS 6-28
(1) THE DESCRIPTION 6-29
(2) THE CLAIMS 6-30
(3) PITFALLS OF SAYING TOO MUCH 6-31
7. P R O P E R TY RIGHTS A ND EXPLOITATION 7-01
1. INITIAL ENTITLEMENT AND PROPERTY DEALINGS 7-02
(1) THE RIGHT TO GRANT: GENERAL 7-02
(2) THE RIGHT TO GRANT: EMPLOYEES 7-03
(A) COMMON LAW RULES 7-03
(B) THE CHANGES IN THE 1977 ACT 7-06
(C) BASIC ENTITLEMENT UNDER THE 1977 ACT 7-07
(D) COMPENSATION AND EMPLOYERS' INVENTIONS 7-08
(E) COMPENSATION AND EMPLOYEES' INVENTIONS 7-09
(F) SCOPE OF THE PROVISIONS 7-10
(G) BY-PASSING THE ACT: COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS 7-11
(H) BY-PASSING THE ACT: INDIVIDUAL AGREEMENTS 7-12
(I) BY-PASSING THE ACT BY NOT PATENTING 7-13
(J) ADMINISTRATION 7-14
(3) DEALING IN RIGHTS 7-15
(A) FORMALITIES 7-16
(B) THE REGISTER 7-17
(4) CO-OWNERSHIP 7-18
2. LICENCES OF PATENTS AND ALLIED RIGHTS 7-19
(1) TRADITIONAL APPROACH 7-19
(2) TYPES OF LICENCE 7-20
(A) INTERESTS AT THE START 7-21
(B) RIGHTS IN THE TECHNOLOGY 7-22
(C) EXCLUSIVITY 7-23
(3) PARTICULAR TERMS IN LICENSES 7-24
(A) BASIC OBLIGATIONS 7-24
(B) DURATION 7-25
(C) IMPROVEMENTS 7-26
(D) TIES 7-27
(E) PROTECTION FOR THE LICENSOR 7-28
(F) PROTECTION FOR THE LICENSEE 7-29
(4) COMPETITION LAW CRITERIA 7-30
(5) DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPEAN COMMISSION POLICY ON PATENT LICENSES 7-32
(6) EXCLUSIVITY 7-34
(7) RESTRICTIVE TERMS 7-36
(A) RESTRICTIONS ON PRODUCTION AND SALE 7-36
(B) TECHNICAL ADEQUACY VERSUS UNWANTED TIES 7-37
XI
IMAGE 6
CONTENTS
(C) FURTHER TECHNICAL ADVANCES 7-38
(D) DURATION AND TERMINATION 7-39
3. COMPULSORY LICENCES 7-41
(1) COMPULSORY LICENSING UNDER THE 1977 ACT 7-43
(A) LEGAL GROUNDS 7-43
(B) THE DISCRETION 7-46
4. CROWN USE 7^9
PART III: CONFIDENCE
8. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 8-01
1. INTRODUCTION 8-01
(1) NATURE OF THE LIABILITY 8-02
(2) CONFIDENCE AND PATENTS 8-04
(3) CONFIDENCE AND COPYRIGHT 8-04
(4) CONFIDENCE AND HUMAN RIGHTS 8-05
(5) HISTORICAL AND DOCTRINAL 8-06
2. REQUIREMENTS FOR LIABILITY 8-09
(1) SUBJECT-MATTER CAPABLE OF PROTECTION 8-10
(A) TYPES OF INFORMATION 8-10
(B) INFORMATION AND OBSERVATION 8-11
(C) PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE 8-12
(D) PUBLIC INTEREST 8-15
(E) GOVERNMENT SECRETS 8-19
(2) CONFIDENTIAL OBLIGATION 8-20
(A) CONFIDENCE IN THE RECEIPT OF INFORMATION 8-20
(B) FIDUCIARY DUTIES 8-23
(C) EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEE 8-24
(D) GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES 8-31
(E) THE INDIRECT RECIPIENT 8-32
(F) ABSENCE OF ANY RELATIONSHIP 8-34
(3) UNAUTHORISED USE 8-37
(A) WRONGFUL ACTS 8-37
(B) THE DEFENDANT'S STATE OF MIND 8-38
(C) DETRIMENT TO THE PLAINTIFF 8-39
3. REMEDIES 8-40
(1) INJUNCTION AND OTHER EQUITABLE REMEDIES 8-40
(A) INTERIM INJUNCTIONS 8-41
(B) DISCRETION TO GRANT INJUNCTION 8-45
(2) DAMAGES AND OTHER MONETARY RELIEF 8-47
4. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION AS "PROPERTY" 8-50
5. CONFIDENCE AND PRIVACY 8-55
6. TRADE SECRET MISUSE: CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY 8-61
PART IV: COPYRIGHT AND DESIGNS
9. RANGE AND AIMS OF COPYRIGHT 9-01
1. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION 9-01
(1) THE EMERGENCE OF COPYRIGHT 9-01
(2) ADDITIONS TO COPYRIGHT: NINETEENTH CENTURY EXPERIENCE 9-04 (3)
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND THE ACT OF 1911 9-06
(4) DEVELOPMENTS SINCE 1945 9-09
(A) THE 1956 ACT 9-09
(B) INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS 9-11
(C) THE NEW ACTIVISM: FROM 1985 9-17
(D) INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS: CURRENT SCOPE 9-24
2. VALUES AND INTERESTS 9-42
XII
IMAGE 7
CONTENTS
3. ECONOMIC AND PUBLIC INTEREST PERSPECTIVES 9-45
(1) MARKET POWER AND INDIVIDUAL WORKS 9-45
(2) COLLECTIVE ENFORCEMENT 9-49
(3) ENTREPRENEURS AND AUTHORS 9-52
(4) THE DURATION OF COPYRIGHT 9-54
4. THE 1988 ACT AND PRE-EXISTING WORKS 9-56
10. SUBSISTENCE OF COPYRIGHT 10-01
1. THE GENERAL PICTURE 10-01
2. THE TYPE AND QUALITY OF SUBJECT-MATTER 10-04
(1) ORIGINAL LITERARY, DRAMATIC, MUSICAL AND ARTISTIC WORKS 10-04 (A)
LITERARY WORKS 10-05
(B) DRAMATIC WORKS 10-11
(C) MUSICAL WORKS: TYPE AND QUALITY 10-12
(D) ARTISTIC WORKS 10-13
(E) COMPUTER-GENERATED WORKS 10-22
(2) FILMS 10-23
(3) THE ENTREPRENEURIAL COPYRIGHTS 10-26
3. FORMALITIES AND PERMANENT FORM 10-32
(1) ABSENCE AND FORMALITIES 10-32
(2) PERMANENT FORM FOR THE WORK 10-33
4. QUALIFICATION 10-35
(1) QUALIFICATION BY PERSONAL STATUS 10-36
(2) CONNECTION BY PUBLICATION 10-37
5. PUBLICATION 10-38
6. TERM OF COPYRIGHT 10-42
(1) CLASSICAL WORKS OF AUTHORSHIP 10-43
(2) FILMS 10-45
(3) PHOTOGRAPHS 10-47
(4) RELIEVED COPYRIGHT: PROTECTION OF THIRD PARTIES 10-49
(5) "NEIGHBOURING" COPYRIGHTS 10-50
(6) SPECIAL CASES 10-51
(A) ANONYMOUS AND PSEUDONYMOUS WORKS 10-52
(B) CROWN AND PARLIAMENTARY COPYRIGHT 10-54
(7) LESSER TERMS OUTSIDE THE EEA 10-55
11. INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT AND MORAL RIGHTS LL-OI
1. INFRINGEMENT: BASIC CONCEPTS 11-01
(1) OWNERSHIP OF THE ORIGINAL WORK 11-02
(2) MISAPPROPRIATION 11-03
(A) CAUSAL CONNECTION 11-03
(B) SUBCONSCIOUS COPYING 11-04
(C) INDIRECT COPYING 11-05
(3) SUBSTANTIAL TAKING 11-06
(A) UNALTERED COPYING 11-08
(B) EXTENT OF DEFENDANT'S ALTERATION 11-09
(C) CHARACTER OF PLAINTIFFS OR DEFENDANT'S WORK 11-12
(D) NATURE OF PLAINTIFF S EFFORT 11-13
(E) EXTENT OF PLAINTIFF S EFFORT 11-14
(F) MANNER IN WHICH THE DEFENDANT HAS TAKEN ADVANTAGE OF PLAIN- 11-15
TIFFS WORK (G) WHETHER THE DEFENDANT'S USE WILL SERIOUSLY INTERFERE WITH
THE 11-16 PLAINTIFFS EXPLOITATION OF HIS OWN WORK (H) REPRODUCTION BY
THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR 11-17
(4) INFRINGEMENT CARRIED OUT BY OTHERS 11-18
2. CLASSES OF PROHIBITED ACT 11-21
(1) RIGHTS CONCERNED WITH REPRODUCTION AND ADAPTATION 11-23
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(A) PRIMARY INFRINGEMENT: COPYING 11-23
(B) PRIMARY INFRINGEMENT: ISSUING COPIES, RENTAL AND LENDING 11-27 (C)
SECONDARY INFRINGEMENT: DEALINGS WITH COPIES 11-29
(2) RIGHTS CONCERNED WITH COMMUNICATIONS TO THE PUBLIC: PERFORMANCE,
11-30 BROADCASTING, INTERNET AND SIMILAR PROVISION (A) PRIMARY
INFRINGEMENT: COMMUNICATION TO THE PUBLIC 11-30 (B) PERFORMANCE IN
PUBLIC 11-32
(C) BROADCASTING 11-33
(D) SECONDARY INFRINGEMENT: PERFORMANCES 11-35
3. "FAIR DEALING" AND LIKE EXCEPTIONS 11-36
(1) FAIR DEALING 11-36
(A) GENERAL 11-36
(B) RESEARCH OR PRIVATE STUDY 11-39
(C) REPORTING CURRENT EVENTS 11-40
(D) CRITICISM OR REVIEW 11-41
(2) OTHER EXCEPTIONS 11-42
(A) EXCEPTIONS DESIGNED TO ENCOURAGE COLLECTIVE LICENSING SCHEMES 11-43
(B) EXCEPTIONS CONCERNING ARTISTIC WORKS 11-44
(C) BROADCASTS AND CABLE-CASTS 11-45
(D) PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 11-49
(E) MISCELLANEOUS DEFENCES IN THE 1998 ACT 11-50
4. P U B L IC POLICY 11-55
(1) POLICY AGAINST LEGAL PROTECTION 11-56
(2) POLICY FAVOURING DISSEMINATION 11-57
5. ACTIONS FOR INFRINGEMENT 11-58
(1) DAMAGES 11-59
(2) PRESUMPTIONS IN COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT ACTIONS 11-62
6. MORAL RIGHTS 11-63
(1) PROTECTION OF AUTHORS UNDER GENERAL LEGAL RULES 11-66
(2) RIGHT TO BE IDENTIFIED 11-69
(A) ENTITLEMENT AND DURATION 11-69
(B) ASSERTION 11-70
(C) PRECLUSION 11-71
(D) ACTS COVERED 11-72
(E) IMPACT 11-74
(3) RIGHT TO OBJECT TO DEROGATORY TREATMENT 11-75
(A) ENTITLEMENT AND DURATION 11-75
(B) EXERCISE AND PRECLUSION 11-78
(C) ACTS COVERED 11-80
(D) IMPACT 11-81
(4) FALSE ATTRIBUTION 11-83
(5) RIGHT TO PRIVACY 11-85
(6) OVERALL SIGNIFICANCE 11-87
12. PROPERTY RIGHTS AND EXPLOITATION 12-01 1. INITIAL OWNERSHIP 12-04
(1) LITERARY, DRAMATIC, MUSICAL AND ARTISTIC WORKS; FILMS 12-04
(A) LEGAL FRAMEWORK 12-04
(B) EMPLOYMENT 12-05
(C) CONTRACTS TO THE CONTRARY 12-07
(D) COPYRIGHT EXTENDED AND REVIVED 12-08
(2) ENTREPRENEURIAL COPYRIGHT 12-10
2. ASSIGNMENTS AND LICENSING 12-11
(1) THE DISTINCTION 12-11
(2) FORMAL REQUIREMENT 12-12
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 12-12
(B) IMPLIED LICENCES 12-13
(C) TRANS-NATIONAL MOVEMENT OF GOODS 12-14
(3) CO-OWNERSHIP OF COPYRIGHT 12-19
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3. DEALINGS BASED ON COPYRIGHT 12-22
(1) TYPES OF DEALING 12-22
(2) LEGAL CONTROLS ON BARGAINING 12-28
(A) RESTRAINT OF TRADE 12-29
(B) UNDUE INFLUENCE 12-31
(C) EC COMPETITION LAW 12-34
(3) THE MAIN COPYRIGHT INDUSTRIES 12-35
(A) PUBLISHING 12-35
(B) MUSIC 12-38
(C) SCREENWRITING: FILM, TELEVISION AND VIDEO 12-44
(D) VISUAL ARTS 12-49
4. CONTROL OF MONOPOLY 12-51
(1) THE 1988 ACT 12-51
(2) THE COPYRIGHT TRIBUNAL 12-54
(3) DOMINANT POSITION IN THE E.C. 12-59
13. COPYRIGHT: PARTICULAR CASES 13-01
1. THE MEDIA AND THE PUBLIC INTEREST IN NEWS 13-02
(1) COPYRIGHT IN NEWS 13-02
(2) FAIR DEALING AND RECORDED SPEECH 13-04
(3) ORGANISATION AND JOURNALIST 13-08
2. REPROGRAPHY AND RECORDING: EDUCATIONAL AND PRIVATE COPYING 13-10 (1)
VISUAL COPIES OF LITERARY AND OTHER MATERIAL 13-12
(A) FAIR DEALING AND OTHER EXCEPTIONS 13-12
(B) THE REPROGRAPHY PROBLEM 13-13
(C) RIGHTS FOR PUBLISHERS 13-17
(2) AUDIO AND VIDEO COPYING 13-19
3. CABLE AND SATELLITE TRANSMISSION 13-24
4. RIGHTS IN PERFORMANCES 13-30
(1) THE NEW LAW 13-32
(2) OTHER CHARACTERISTICS 13-36
(3) REMEDIES FOR INFRINGEMENT 13^TO
5. PUBLIC LENDING RIGHT 13^11
(1) BACKGROUND 13^H
(2) THE PLR SCHEME FOR BOOKS 13-43
(3) PUBLIC "RENTAL" 13-44
6. ARTISTS' RESALE RIGHT: DROIT DE SUITE 13-45
7. CROWN AND PARLIAMENTARY COPYRIGHT 13-47
14. INDUSTRIAL DESIGN 14-01
1. BACKGROUND 14-01
(1) ORIGINS OF DESIGN REGISTRATION 14-02
(2) COPYRIGHT ACT 1911 14-03
(3) COPYRIGHT ACT 1956 14-04
(4) DESIGN COPYRIGHT ACT 1968 14-05
(5) BRITISH LEYLAND V ARMSTRONG; CANON V GREEN CARTRIDGE 14-06
(6) COPYRIGHT DESIGNS AND PATENTS ACT 1988 14-07
(7) THE COMMUNITY INTERVENTIONS BY REGULATION AND DIRECTIVE 14-08 (8)
ORDER OF THE CHAPTER 14-09
2. REGISTERED DESIGNS 14-10
(1) REQUIREMENTS FOR A REGISTRABIE DESIGN (VALIDITY) 14-12
(A) PRODUCT DESIGN 14-13
(B) NOVELTY AND INDIVIDUAL CHARACTER 14-17
(C) TECHNICAL FUNCTION 14-19
(D) PUBLIC POLICY AND MORALITY 14-21
(E) PROPRIETORSHIP AND DEALINGS; RIGHT TO BE NAMED: REG.A. 18 14-22 (2)
REGISTRATION AND TERM 14-23
(3) PROPERTY RIGHTS 14-25
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(4) RIGHT GIVEN BY REGISTRATION 14-26
(A) THE TEST OF SCOPE 14-26
(B) WRONGFUL ACTS 14-27
(C) EXCLUSIONS FROM PROTECTION 14-28
(D) "COMPLEX PRODUCTS" 14-28
(5) CROWN USE 14-29
3. COMMUNITY UNREGISTERED DESIGN RIGHT (UDR) 14-30
4. ARTISTIC COPYRIGHT 14-31
(1) THE EXCLUSION OF DESIGN DOCUMENTS AND MODELS 14-31
(A) "DESIGN DOCUMENT OR MODEL RECORDING OR EMBODYING A DESIGN 14-32 FOR
ANYTHING OTHER THAN AN ARTISTIC WORK . . ." (B) "ANY ASPECT OF SHAPE OR
CONFIGURATION . . . OTHER THAN SURFACE 14-35 DECORATION" (2) THE
LIMITATION OF DURATION 14-36
5. BRITISH UNREGISTERED DESIGN RIGHT 14-37
(1) SUBJECT-MATTER 14-37
(2) QUALIFICATION 14-43
(3) EXCLUSIVE RIGHT 14-45
(4) AUTHORSHIP AND FIRST OWNERSHIP 14-47
(5) DURATION AND LICENCES OF RIGHT 14-48
(6) A BRIEF COMPARISON 14-51
(7) TOPOGRAPHY RIGHT 14-52
PART V: TRADE MARKS AND NAMES
15. COMPETITOR AND CONSUMER 15-01
1. UNDERLYING THEMES 15-01
2. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 15-04
(1) JUDICIAL PROTECTION 15-04
(2) THE TRADE MARKS REGISTER 15-08
(3) TRADE MARKS IN WORLD TRADE 15-13
(A) INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS 15-13
(B) THE COMMUNITY MARK AND THE EU TRADE MARK APPROXIMATION 15-16
DIRECTIVE (C) UNFAIR COMPETITION AND CONSUMER PROTECTION 15-19
(D) SOURCE INDICATIONS AND OTHER NAMING SYSTEMS 15-21
3. THE PURPOSE OF PROTECTING TRADE MARKS 15-22
(1) TRADE MARK FUNCTIONS 15-22
(2) INFORMATION VERSUS PROMOTION 15-23
(3) FUNCTIONS AND RIGHTS 15-28
16. COMMON LAW LIABILITY 16-01
1. PASSING OFF 16-01
(1) THE CLAIMANT'S REPUTATION 16-07
(A) NOT JUST CONFUSION 16-06
(B) DISTINGUISHING FEATURE 16-08
(C) SECONDARY MEANING 16-12
(D) PERSONAL NAMES 16-13
(E) MARK BECOMING DESCRIPTIVE 16-14
(F) CONCURRENT REPUTATION 16-15
(G) GEOGRAPHICAL CONSIDERATIONS 16-16
(H) TEMPORAL CONSIDERATIONS 16-18
(I) DEALINGS IN TRADE REPUTATION 16-19
(2) DEFENDANT'S REPRESENTATION 16-22
(A) DEFENDANT'S STATE OF MIND 16-22
(B) FORM OF PASSING OFF 16-23
(C) LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 16-24
(D) DESCRIPTIVE CONNOTATION 16-26
XVI
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(E) RESPONSIBILITY UPON THE DEFENDANT (F) PROOF OF LIKELY DECEPTION (3)
LIKELIHOOD OF DAMAGE (A) LIKELY DAMAGE
(B) GOODS OR BUSINESS NOT THE SAME (C) NOT TRADING IN THE SAME
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA (D) NOT TRADING: OTHER SUFFICIENT REPUTATION (E) NOT
TRADING: SPONSORSHIP AND PERSONALITY ASSOCIATION (4) THE PROPER SCOPE OF
PASSING OFF
(A) NATURE OF THE DECEPTION (B) NATURE OF THE INJURY (C) CHARACTER
MERCHANDISING 2. INJURIOUS FALSEHOOD (1) ELEMENTS OF THE TORT (A) THE
FALSEHOOD (B) MALICE (C) SPECIAL DAMAGE (2) PARTICULAR ASPECTS (A)
RELATION TO OTHER TORTS (B) FALSE CLAIMS OF INFRINGEMENT (C) COMPARATIVE
ADVERTISING
17. REGISTERED TRADE MARKS 1. REGISTRATION SYSTEMS 2. THE PROCESS OF
REGISTRATION (1) PROCEDURE FOR A UNITED KINGDOM APPLICATION
(A) APPLICANTS (B) PRIORITY (C) CLASSIFICATION (D) SEARCH AND
EXAMINATION (E) OPPOSITION (F) APPEAL (G) REGISTRATION AND TERM (2)
MADRID PROTOCOL: INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION (3) COMMUNITY TRADE MARKS 3.
PROPRIETARY INTERESTS AND LICENSES
(1) ASSIGNMENT (2) LICENSING 4. CONDITIONS FOR SECURING REGISTRATION:
ABSOLUTE GROUNDS (1) "TRADE MARK"
(A) CAPACITY TO DISTINGUISH (B) GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION (C) UNDERTAKING
(2) ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE GROUNDS (3) ABSOLUTE GROUNDS: GENERAL
CATEGORIES
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS (B) COUNTERVAILING EVIDENCE (C) INDEFEASIBLE
OBJECTIONS (D) "DEVOID OF DISTINCTIVENESS" (E) "DESCRIPTIVENESS" (F)
"CUSTOMARY USAGE" (4) ABSOLUTE GROUNDS: SPECIFIC CATEGORIES
(A) SHAPES (B) PERSONALITY AND CHARACTER MERCHANDISING (C) PUBLIC
INTEREST
(D) STATE, OFFICIAL AND ROYAL EMBLEMS AND OTHER INDICIA 5. CONDITIONS
FOR SECURING REGISTRATION: THE RELATIVE GROUNDS (1) EARLIER MARKS (2)
EARLIER RIGHTS
16-27 16-28 16-29 16-29
16-30 16-31 16-32 16-33 16-36 16-37 16-41 16-44 16-48 16-48 16-49 16-50
16-51 16-52 16-52 16-53 16-54
17-01 17-01 17-02 17-03 17-03 17-04 17-05 17-06 17-07 17-08 17-09 17-10
17-11 17-12 17-13 17-14 17-16 17-16 17-17 17-20 17-21
17-22 17-23 17-24 17-25 17-28 17-29 17-35 17-39 17-40 17-40 17-46 17-47
17-51 17-52 17-53 17-54
XVU
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CONTENTS
(3) ANTI-DILUTION MEASURES 17-55
(4) OTHER FACTORS 17-58
(A) CONSENT OF OTHER PARTY 17-58
(B) SCOPE OF OBJECTIONS 17-59
(C) DISCLAIMER 17-60
(D) HONEST CONCURRENT USE 17-61
(5) COMPARISON BETWEEN MARKS 17-63
(A) THE BASIS FOR COMPARISON 17-63
(B) FACTORS IN THE COMPARISON 17-64
(6) COMMUNITY TRADE MARKS 17-66
6. REVOCATION AND INVALIDITY 17-68
(1) REVOCATION FOR NON-USE 17-69
(A) SCOPE OF THE GROUND 17-70
(B) EXCEPTIONS 17-72
(2) MARK BECOMING GENERIC 17-74
(3) MARK BECOMING DECEPTIVE 17-76
7. INVALIDITY OF A REGISTERED MARK 17-79
(1) ABSOLUTE GROUNDS 17-80
(2) RELATIVE GROUNDS: ACQUIESCENCE 17-81
8. INFRINGEMENT 17-82
(1) INFRINGEMENT OF A UNITED KINGDOM REGISTERED MARK 17-84 (A) TYPES OF
USE AMOUNTING TO INFRINGEMENT 17-85
(B) THE WRONG TO THE REGISTERED MARK 17-86
(C) SCOPE OF INFRINGEMENT: OTHER FACTORS 17-107
(D) LIMITATIONS UPON INFRINGEMENT 17-110
(2) EXHAUSTION OF RIGHT 17-113
(3) INFRINGEMENT OF A CTM 17-115
(4) TRADE MARKS AND PARALLEL IMPORTING 17-119
PART VI: THE EUROPEAN DIMENSION AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES
18. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN THE EUROPEAN
UNION 1. THE INTERNAL MARKET: "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY" (1) FREE MOVEMENT
OF GOODS (A) PRELIMINARY FACTORS
(B) BASIC RULE AND ITS APPLICATION (C) JUSTIFICATIONS (D) THE "COMMON
ORIGIN" ADVENTURE (E) ABSENCE OF CONSENT
(F) REPACKAGING AND RELABELLING (2) RIGHTS IN PERFORMANCE AND OTHER
TEMPORARY USE 2. INTERNAL MARKET: UNFAIR COMPETITION 3. THE RULES OF
COMPETITION 4. PARALLEL IMPORTATION FROM OUTSIDE THE EEA
19. DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY: COMPUTERS AND THE INTERNET 1. COMPUTER PROGRAMS
(1) COPYRIGHT IN PROGRAMS
(A) EXISTENCE OF COPYRIGHT (B) EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS (C) SUBSTANTIAL TAKING
(D) EXCEPTIONS (2) PATENTS FOR COMPUTER PROGRAMS (A) PATENTABLE
SUBJECT-MATTER
(B) SCOPE OF RIGHTS
18-01 18-02 18-02 18-03 18-04 18-05 18-06 18-07 18-09
18-10 18-11 18-14 18-17
19-01 19-03 19-04 19-07
19-09 19-10 19-16 19-26
19-26 19-33
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CONTENTS
(C) BUSINESS METHODS 19-34
2. STORED CONTENT AND OUTPUT 19-35
(1) DATABASES 19-35
(A) COPYRIGHT ORIGINALITY 19-35
(B) THE DATABASE DIRECTIVE 19-37
(2) COMPUTER OUTPUT 19-44
(3) MULTI-MEDIA: PROGRAM AND CONTENT MIXED 19^T6
(A) WORK 19-47
(B) AUTHOR 19-49
(C) ADAPTATION 19-50
(D) MORAL RIGHTS AND DIGITAL MANIPULATION 19-51
3. MATERIAL ON THE INTERNET 19-52
(1) INTRODUCTORY 19-52
(A) THE INTERNET AND COPYRIGHT 19-52
(B) COPYRIGHT AND ADJUNCT PROTECTION 19-56
(C) LEGISLATIVE MOVES 19-57
(D) PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW AND PROCEDURE 19-58
(2) BRITISH LAW AND ITS AMENDMENT 19-59
(A) ILLICIT MATERIAL 19-60
(B) LEGITIMATE MATERIAL 19-71
4. DOMAIN NAME DISPUTES 19-90
(1) INTERNET ADDRESSES 19-90
20. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 20-20 1. INTRODUCTION 20-01
(1) A HALF-CENTURY OF MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY 20-01
(2) BIOLOGICAL BASIS 20-02
(3) THE HPG AND ITS POLITICS 20-03
(4) PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 20-04
(5) GROWTH OF PATENTS ON BIOTECHNOLOGY 20-05
2. PATENT SYSTEMS AND BIOETHICS 20-06
(1) DISCOVERY AND INVENTION 20-07
3. PATENTABILITY: PUBLIC POLICY AND MORALITY 20-09
(1) JUSTICIABILITY 20-09
(2) MORALITY: GENETIC ANIMAL DESIGN 20-10
(3) PUBLIC POLICY: GM PLANTS 20-11
(4) ETHICAL OBJECTIONS: HUMAN TISSUE 20-12
(5) CLARIFICATION BY DIRECTIVE 20-13
4. PATENTS AND HUMAN GENETICS 20-14
(1) NOVELTY AND INVENTIVE STEP 20-15
(2) EXCESSIVE CLAIMS 20-16
(3) ANTI-COMMONS THAT IMPEDE R & D 20-17
(4) RESEARCH TOOL PATENTS AND EXPERIMENTAL USE 20-18
(5) THE CAUSES OF ANGUISH 20-19
5. OTHER IPRS AND GENETIC KNOWLEDGE 20-21
6. DERIVED CELL-LINES AND PARTICIPATION 20-22
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 - COMPETITION LAW AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY:
NOTE ON INSTITUTIONS AND SOME SUBSTANTIVE RULES AL-01 APPENDIX 2 - JOINT
INTERESTS IN MARKS, NAMES AND SYMBOLS A2-01
APPENDIX 3 - PROTECTION OF PLANT VARIETIES A3-01
INDEX 873
XIX |
| adam_txt |
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CONTENTS
PREFACE TO FIFTH EDITION V
T A B LE OF CASES XII
TABLE OF STATUTES BOOTIII
T A B LE OF STATUTORY I N S T R U M E N TS XCV
TABLE OF EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION XCVII
TABLE OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES, CONVENTIONS AND AGREEMENTS CII TABLE OF
ABBREVIATIONS DX
PART I: COMMON GROUND
1. STARTING POINTS L-OI
1. GENERAL 1-01
(1) "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY" 1-02
(2) ORGANISATION OF THE MATERIAL 1-02
2. TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 1-04
(1) PATENTS (CHAPTERS 3-7) 1-05
(2) COPYRIGHT (CHAPTERS 9-13) 1-06
(3) TRADE MARKS AND NAMES (CHAPTERS 15-17) 1-07
(4) OTHER ASPIRANTS 1-08
(A) INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS (CHAPTER 14) 1-09
(B) TRADE SECRETS AND OTHER CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION (CHAPTER 8) 1-10
(C) FURTHER DEMANDS 1-11
3. PRESSURES FOR DEVELOPMENT 1-12
(1) SPECIFIC RIGHTS AND UNFAIR COMPETITION 1-13
(2) ENHANCEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 1-23
(A) DEMANDS FOR GREATER PROTECTION 1-23
(B) SOURCES OF UNITED KINGDOM LAW: LEGISLATION AND INTERPRETATION 1-25
(C) SOURCES OF EUROPEAN COMMUNITY LAW: GENERAL 1-26
(D) THE EC TREATY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 1-28
(E) LEGAL ISSUES ACROSS STATE BOUNDARIES; INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS 1-29
(F) INTERNATIONAL TREATIES: AUTHORITY AND APPLICABILITY 1-33
(3) CHALLENGES TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: POLITICAL 1-35
(4) CHALLENGES TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: TECHNOLOGICAL 1-37
4. PROPERTY AND MONOPOLY: ECONOMIC APPROACHES 1-39
(1) PROPERTY RIGHTS 1-40
(2) MONOPOLIST BEHAVIOUR 1-43
(3) THE PRESUMPTION AGAINST MONOPOLY 1-44
(4) INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND MONOPOLY 1^5
5. DIVISION OF MARKETS AND THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA 1-48
(1) DIVIDING MARKETS 1-48
(2) EXHAUSTION OF RIGHTS 1-49
(3) THE IDEA OF A COMMON MARKET 1-50
(4) FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS 1-51
(5) RULES OF COMPETITION 1-53
(6) RELATION BETWEEN THE TWO POLICIES 1-55
(A) TRADE BETWEEN MEMBER STATES 1-56
(B) THE ECONOMIC COUNTER-BALANCE 1-57
(7) OVERVIEW OF THE PARALLEL IMPORTATION PROBLEM 1-58
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CONTENTS
2. THE ENFORCEMENT OF RIGHTS 2-01
1. TYPES OF PROCEEDING 2-04
(1) CIVIL CAUSES OF ACTION 2-05
(A) OWNERS AND LICENSEES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 2-06
(B) DEFENDANTS 2-07
(C) HIGH COURT AND COUNTY COURT 2-10
(D) GENERAL TORTS COVERING ECONOMIC LOSS 2-12
(2) CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS 2-19
(A) OFFENCES SPECIFICALLY CONCERNING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 2-20 (B)
CONSPIRACY TO DEFRAUD 2-21
(C) CRIMES AND CIVIL RELIEF 2-22
(3) ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES 2-23
(A) CUSTOMS PROHIBITION 2-23
(B) TRADING STANDARDS AUTHORITIES 2-24
(C) SUPERVISION OF BROADCASTING 2-25
(D) ADVERTISING STANDARDS AUTHORITY 2-26
(4) SELF-HELP 2-27
2. REMEDIES IN CIVIL ACTIONS 2-28
(1) INJUNCTION 2-31
(A) INTERIM INJUNCTION 2-32
(B) FINAL INJUNCTION 2-37
(2) DELIVERY UP 2-38
(3) DAMAGES 2-39
(A) BASES FOR ASSESSMENT 2-39
(B) INNOCENCE 2-42
(4) ACCOUNT OF PROFITS 2-43
(5) "FRANKING" 2-45
(6) REMEDIES FOR ACTS WHICH ARE NOT THEMSELVES INFRINGEMENTS 2-46 3.
SECURING EVIDENCE OF INFRINGEMENT 2-47
(1) SEARCH ORDER FOR INSPECTION AND OTHER RELIEF: ANTON PILLER ORDER
2-48 (A) REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ORDER 2-48
(B) DANGERS IN THE PROCESS 2-49
(C) CHALLENGES TO THE ORDER 2-52
(D) SELF-INCRIMINATION 2-54
(2) FREEZING INJUNCTION FOR THE RETENTION OF ASSETS: MAREVA INJUNCTION
2-56 (3) DISCOVERY OF NAMES: NORWICH PHARMACOL ACTION 2-58
(4) DISCOVERY, INTERROGATORIES, INSPECTION 2-59
4. DELAYED AMBUSH AND SELECTIVE ACTION 2-62
(1) LIMITATION OF ACTIONS 2-63
(2) ACQUIESCENCE 2-64
(3) ESTOPPELS OF RECORD (RES JUDICATA) 2-65
(A) JUDGMENT IN REM 2-66
(B) CAUSE OF ACTION ESTOPPEL 2-67
(C) ISSUE ESTOPPEL 2-68
(4) ACTIONS CONCERNING FOREIGN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 2-72
(A) FOREIGN INFRINGEMENTS 2-72
(B) JURISDICTION: THE JUDGMENTS REGULATION OF 2002 2-74
(C) RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT: THE CONVENTIONS 2-82
(D) FOREIGN DEFENDANT FROM OUTSIDE EU AND EFTA 2-83
(E) AN INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT CONVENTION 2-84 (F)
CHOICE OF APPLICABLE LAW 2-85
(G) FOREIGN TRANSACTIONS 2-86
(5) MAKING OTHERS RESPONSIBLE 2-90
(6) ESTABLISHING FREEDOM FROM LIABILITY 2-92
(7) THREATS TO SUE 2-93
VLLL
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CONTENTS
PART II: PATENTS
3. G R O W TH A ND P U R P O SE OF PATENTS 3-01
1. THE NEW DEAL OF 1978 3-01
2. THE BRITISH PATENT SYSTEM: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 3-04
(1) BEGINNINGS 3-04
(2) THE COMING OF INDUSTRIALISATION 3-06
3. THE "INTERNATIONAL" PATENT SYSTEM 3-13
(1) FOREIGN IMPACT UPON NATIONAL SYSTEMS 3-13
(2) HOSTILITY TO PATENTS 3-16
(3) CO-OPERATION IN PATENTING: WORLD-WIDE LINKAGES 3-19
(4) CO-OPERATION IN PATENTING: WESTERN EUROPE 3-23
(5) A SECOND TIER RIGHT FOR WESTERN EUROPE 3-31
4. JUSTIFYING THE PATENT SYSTEM 3-36
(1) BASIC OBJECTIVES 3-36
(2) PATENTS AS INCENTIVES TO INVENT AND INNOVATE 3-38
(A) TYPES OF INVENTOR 3-39
(B) LEVELS OF INVENTION 3-4-2
(C) O P T I M UM T E RM FOR P A T E N TS 3^18
(3) P A T E N TS AS AN INFORMATION SYSTEM 3-49
(4) ADAPTING THE PATENT SYSTEM: NEW TECHNOLOGY 3-52
5. THE PATENTS ACT 1977: STRUCTURE AND INTERPRETATION 3-54
4. THE PATENT: GRANT AND CONTENT 4-01
1. OBTAINING A PATENT 4-01
(1) GENERAL 4-01
(A) PARALLELS 4-01
(B) COMPETITION BETWEEN THE SYSTEMS 4-02
(C) LANGUAGES 4-04
(2) PERSONS ENTITLED TO GRANT 4-06
(3) PATENT SPECIFICATION 4-09
(4) PRIORITY 4-10
(5) SECRECY: NATIONAL INTEREST 4-14
(6) UNITY AND DIVISION 4-15
(7) FORMAL EXAMINATION 4-16
(8) SEARCH AND EXAMINATION 4-17
(A) INTRODUCTORY 4-17
(B) SEARCH 4-19
(C) EARLY PUBLICATION OF APPLICATION 4-20
(D) AMENDING DURING PROSECUTION 4-21
(E) THE COURSE OF EXAMINATION 4-22
(F) TIME-LIMITS 4-23
(9) GRANT AND RENEWAL 4-24
(10) OBJECTIONS TO VALIDITY AFTER GRANT 4-27
2. A M E N D M E NT 4-30
(1) INTRODUCTORY 4-30
(2) AMENDMENT: GENERAL 4-31
(A) LEGAL REQUIREMENTS 4-31
(B) THE DISCRETION 4-34
(3) CORRECTIONS OF ERRORS 4-35
3. CLAIMS 4-37
(1) CLAIMS AND INFRINGEMENT: AN INTRODUCTION 4-37
(2) INTERPRETATION OF SPECIFICATIONS 4-41
(3) THE ADDRESSEE OF THE SPECIFICATION 4-43
(4) THE APPLICATION FILE 4-45
(5) TYPES OF CLAIM 4-46
(A) GENERAL 4-46
(B) CHEMICAL INVENTIONS 4-47
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5. VALIDITY 5-01
1. NOVELTY 5-03
(1) INTRODUCTION 5-03
(2) PUBLICATION AND USE 5-06
(3) MATERIAL AVAILABLE FOR CONSIDERATION 5-09
(A) TEMPORAL FACTORS 5-10
(B) TERRITORIAL FACTORS 5-11
(C) FORM 5-12
(D) DEGREE OF DISSEMINATION 5-13
(E) MATTER IN PRIOR SPECIFICATIONS 5-14
(F) SPECIAL EXCLUSIONS 5-16
(4) RELATIONS BETWEEN ANTICIPATION AND INVENTION IN SUIT 5-17
(A) THE COMPARISON 5-17
(B) THE ANTICIPATION: CLARITY AND SUFFICIENCY OF A DOCUMENT 5-18 (C) THE
ANTICIPATION: APPRECIATION OF SIGNIFICANCE OF AN EMBODIMENT 5-19 (5)
THINGS AND THEIR USES 5-21
(A) NEW THING WITH AN ADVANTAGE 5-21
(B) NEW USE OF AN OLD THING 5-22
(C) SELECTION PATENTS 5-23
(D) NEW ADVANTAGE OF OLD THING 5-26
(6) EXCLUSION BY AMENDMENT 5-28
2. INVENTIVE STEP 5-29
(1) INTRODUCTION 5-29
(A) TERMINOLOGY 5-31
(B) PARAPHRASES 5-32
(C) OBJECTIVE TEST 5-33
(D) ADVANCE IN THE ART 5-34
(E) NEW ADVANTAGE AND NEW USE 5-35
(F) PERCEPTION OF PROBLEM 5-36
(G) ONUS OF PROOF 5-37
(2) ASSESSING OBVIOUSNESS 5-38
(A) THE NOTIONAL SKILLED WORKER 5-38
(B) THE UNINVENTIVE TECHNICIAN'S KNOWLEDGE 5-39
(C) "MOSAICING" 5-42
(D) OBSCURE SOURCES: PUBLICATION 5-43
(E) OBSCURE SOURCES: COMPREHENSION 5-44
(3) THE BASIC COMPARISON 5-45
(A) PROXIMITY TO THE PRIOR ART 5-46
(B) OBVIOUS TO TRY: CHEMICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INVENTIONS 5-49 (C)
TECHNICAL ADVANTAGE AND COMMERCIAL SUCCESS 5-51
3. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION 5-53
4. PATENTABLE SUBJECT-MATTER 5-54
(1) INTELLECTUAL CONCEPTIONS 5-56
(A) DISCOVERIES 5-56
(B) SCHEMES FOR PERFORMING MENTAL ACTS; BUSINESS METHODS; PRESEN- 5-59
TATION OF INFORMATION (C) AESTHETIC CREATIONS 5-61
(D) COMPUTER PROGRAMS 5-62
(2) BIOLOGICAL SUBJECT-MATTER 5-64
(A) METHODS OF TREATING THE HUMAN OR ANIMAL BODY 5-67
(B) PLANT AND ANIMAL VARIETIES; CERTAIN PROCESSES FOR THEIR PRODUC- 5-76
TION (C) "ORDRE PUBLIC" AND MORALITY 5-83
5. CLEAR AND COMPLETE DISCLOSURE 5-84
(1) GENERAL 5-84
(2) MAKING THE DISCLOSURE 5-86
(3) MICRO-ORGANISM DEPOSIT 5-89
(4) GOOD FAITH IN DISCLOSING 5-90
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6. REQUIREMENT FOR CLAIMS 5-92
(1) CLAIMS AND DISCLOSURE 5-92
(2) AMBIGUOUS CLAIMS 5-97
6: SCOPE OF MONOPOLY 6-01
1. INFRINGEMENT 6-01
(1) INTRODUCTION 6-01
(2) THE ROLE OF THE CLAIMS 6-02
(3) TYPE OF INFRINGING ACTIVITY 6-09
(A) INFRINGEMENT DURING MANUFACTURE 6-11
(B) INFRINGEMENT AFTER MANUFACTURE: GENERAL PROVISIONS 6-12 (C) AFTER
MANUFACTURE: EXHAUSTION OF RIGHTS 6-15
(D) BEFORE MANUFACTURE: "INDIRECT" AND OTHER INFRINGEMENT 6-17 (E) NEW
MEDICAL AND OTHER APPLICATIONS OF KNOWN SUBSTANCES 6-20 (4) PRIOR USE
AND COMMENCEMENT INFRINGEMENT 6-21
(5) PROCEEDINGS CONCERNING THE INFRINGEMENT AND VALIDITY OF PATENTS 6-23
2. THE SPECIFICATION IN LIGHT OF THE LEGAL REQUIREMENTS 6-28
(1) THE DESCRIPTION 6-29
(2) THE CLAIMS 6-30
(3) PITFALLS OF SAYING TOO MUCH 6-31
7. P R O P E R TY RIGHTS A ND EXPLOITATION 7-01
1. INITIAL ENTITLEMENT AND PROPERTY DEALINGS 7-02
(1) THE RIGHT TO GRANT: GENERAL 7-02
(2) THE RIGHT TO GRANT: EMPLOYEES 7-03
(A) COMMON LAW RULES 7-03
(B) THE CHANGES IN THE 1977 ACT 7-06
(C) BASIC ENTITLEMENT UNDER THE 1977 ACT 7-07
(D) COMPENSATION AND EMPLOYERS' INVENTIONS 7-08
(E) COMPENSATION AND EMPLOYEES' INVENTIONS 7-09
(F) SCOPE OF THE PROVISIONS 7-10
(G) BY-PASSING THE ACT: COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS 7-11
(H) BY-PASSING THE ACT: INDIVIDUAL AGREEMENTS 7-12
(I) BY-PASSING THE ACT BY NOT PATENTING 7-13
(J) ADMINISTRATION 7-14
(3) DEALING IN RIGHTS 7-15
(A) FORMALITIES 7-16
(B) THE REGISTER 7-17
(4) CO-OWNERSHIP 7-18
2. LICENCES OF PATENTS AND ALLIED RIGHTS 7-19
(1) TRADITIONAL APPROACH 7-19
(2) TYPES OF LICENCE 7-20
(A) INTERESTS AT THE START 7-21
(B) RIGHTS IN THE TECHNOLOGY 7-22
(C) EXCLUSIVITY 7-23
(3) PARTICULAR TERMS IN LICENSES 7-24
(A) BASIC OBLIGATIONS 7-24
(B) DURATION 7-25
(C) IMPROVEMENTS 7-26
(D) TIES 7-27
(E) PROTECTION FOR THE LICENSOR 7-28
(F) PROTECTION FOR THE LICENSEE 7-29
(4) COMPETITION LAW CRITERIA 7-30
(5) DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPEAN COMMISSION POLICY ON PATENT LICENSES 7-32
(6) EXCLUSIVITY 7-34
(7) RESTRICTIVE TERMS 7-36
(A) RESTRICTIONS ON PRODUCTION AND SALE 7-36
(B) TECHNICAL ADEQUACY VERSUS UNWANTED TIES 7-37
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(C) FURTHER TECHNICAL ADVANCES 7-38
(D) DURATION AND TERMINATION 7-39
3. COMPULSORY LICENCES 7-41
(1) COMPULSORY LICENSING UNDER THE 1977 ACT 7-43
(A) LEGAL GROUNDS 7-43
(B) THE DISCRETION 7-46
4. CROWN USE 7^9
PART III: CONFIDENCE
8. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 8-01
1. INTRODUCTION 8-01
(1) NATURE OF THE LIABILITY 8-02
(2) CONFIDENCE AND PATENTS 8-04
(3) CONFIDENCE AND COPYRIGHT 8-04
(4) CONFIDENCE AND HUMAN RIGHTS 8-05
(5) HISTORICAL AND DOCTRINAL 8-06
2. REQUIREMENTS FOR LIABILITY 8-09
(1) SUBJECT-MATTER CAPABLE OF PROTECTION 8-10
(A) TYPES OF INFORMATION 8-10
(B) INFORMATION AND OBSERVATION 8-11
(C) PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE 8-12
(D) PUBLIC INTEREST 8-15
(E) GOVERNMENT SECRETS 8-19
(2) CONFIDENTIAL OBLIGATION 8-20
(A) CONFIDENCE IN THE RECEIPT OF INFORMATION 8-20
(B) FIDUCIARY DUTIES 8-23
(C) EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEE 8-24
(D) GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES 8-31
(E) THE INDIRECT RECIPIENT 8-32
(F) ABSENCE OF ANY RELATIONSHIP 8-34
(3) UNAUTHORISED USE 8-37
(A) WRONGFUL ACTS 8-37
(B) THE DEFENDANT'S STATE OF MIND 8-38
(C) DETRIMENT TO THE PLAINTIFF 8-39
3. REMEDIES 8-40
(1) INJUNCTION AND OTHER EQUITABLE REMEDIES 8-40
(A) INTERIM INJUNCTIONS 8-41
(B) DISCRETION TO GRANT INJUNCTION 8-45
(2) DAMAGES AND OTHER MONETARY RELIEF 8-47
4. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION AS "PROPERTY" 8-50
5. CONFIDENCE AND PRIVACY 8-55
6. TRADE SECRET MISUSE: CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY 8-61
PART IV: COPYRIGHT AND DESIGNS
9. RANGE AND AIMS OF COPYRIGHT 9-01
1. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION 9-01
(1) THE EMERGENCE OF COPYRIGHT 9-01
(2) ADDITIONS TO COPYRIGHT: NINETEENTH CENTURY EXPERIENCE 9-04 (3)
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND THE ACT OF 1911 9-06
(4) DEVELOPMENTS SINCE 1945 9-09
(A) THE 1956 ACT 9-09
(B) INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS 9-11
(C) THE NEW ACTIVISM: FROM 1985 9-17
(D) INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS: CURRENT SCOPE 9-24
2. VALUES AND INTERESTS 9-42
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3. ECONOMIC AND PUBLIC INTEREST PERSPECTIVES 9-45
(1) MARKET POWER AND INDIVIDUAL WORKS 9-45
(2) COLLECTIVE ENFORCEMENT 9-49
(3) ENTREPRENEURS AND AUTHORS 9-52
(4) THE DURATION OF COPYRIGHT 9-54
4. THE 1988 ACT AND PRE-EXISTING WORKS 9-56
10. SUBSISTENCE OF COPYRIGHT 10-01
1. THE GENERAL PICTURE 10-01
2. THE TYPE AND QUALITY OF SUBJECT-MATTER 10-04
(1) ORIGINAL LITERARY, DRAMATIC, MUSICAL AND ARTISTIC WORKS 10-04 (A)
LITERARY WORKS 10-05
(B) DRAMATIC WORKS 10-11
(C) MUSICAL WORKS: TYPE AND QUALITY 10-12
(D) ARTISTIC WORKS 10-13
(E) COMPUTER-GENERATED WORKS 10-22
(2) FILMS 10-23
(3) THE ENTREPRENEURIAL COPYRIGHTS 10-26
3. FORMALITIES AND PERMANENT FORM 10-32
(1) ABSENCE AND FORMALITIES 10-32
(2) PERMANENT FORM FOR THE WORK 10-33
4. QUALIFICATION 10-35
(1) QUALIFICATION BY PERSONAL STATUS 10-36
(2) CONNECTION BY PUBLICATION 10-37
5. PUBLICATION 10-38
6. TERM OF COPYRIGHT 10-42
(1) CLASSICAL WORKS OF AUTHORSHIP 10-43
(2) FILMS 10-45
(3) PHOTOGRAPHS 10-47
(4) RELIEVED COPYRIGHT: PROTECTION OF THIRD PARTIES 10-49
(5) "NEIGHBOURING" COPYRIGHTS 10-50
(6) SPECIAL CASES 10-51
(A) ANONYMOUS AND PSEUDONYMOUS WORKS 10-52
(B) CROWN AND PARLIAMENTARY COPYRIGHT 10-54
(7) LESSER TERMS OUTSIDE THE EEA 10-55
11. INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT AND MORAL RIGHTS LL-OI
1. INFRINGEMENT: BASIC CONCEPTS 11-01
(1) OWNERSHIP OF THE ORIGINAL WORK 11-02
(2) MISAPPROPRIATION 11-03
(A) CAUSAL CONNECTION 11-03
(B) SUBCONSCIOUS COPYING 11-04
(C) INDIRECT COPYING 11-05
(3) SUBSTANTIAL TAKING 11-06
(A) UNALTERED COPYING 11-08
(B) EXTENT OF DEFENDANT'S ALTERATION 11-09
(C) CHARACTER OF PLAINTIFFS OR DEFENDANT'S WORK 11-12
(D) NATURE OF PLAINTIFF S EFFORT 11-13
(E) EXTENT OF PLAINTIFF S EFFORT 11-14
(F) MANNER IN WHICH THE DEFENDANT HAS TAKEN ADVANTAGE OF PLAIN- 11-15
TIFFS WORK (G) WHETHER THE DEFENDANT'S USE WILL SERIOUSLY INTERFERE WITH
THE 11-16 PLAINTIFFS EXPLOITATION OF HIS OWN WORK (H) REPRODUCTION BY
THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR 11-17
(4) INFRINGEMENT CARRIED OUT BY OTHERS 11-18
2. CLASSES OF PROHIBITED ACT 11-21
(1) RIGHTS CONCERNED WITH REPRODUCTION AND ADAPTATION 11-23
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(A) PRIMARY INFRINGEMENT: COPYING 11-23
(B) PRIMARY INFRINGEMENT: ISSUING COPIES, RENTAL AND LENDING 11-27 (C)
SECONDARY INFRINGEMENT: DEALINGS WITH COPIES 11-29
(2) RIGHTS CONCERNED WITH COMMUNICATIONS TO THE PUBLIC: PERFORMANCE,
11-30 BROADCASTING, INTERNET AND SIMILAR PROVISION (A) PRIMARY
INFRINGEMENT: COMMUNICATION TO THE PUBLIC 11-30 (B) PERFORMANCE IN
PUBLIC 11-32
(C) BROADCASTING 11-33
(D) SECONDARY INFRINGEMENT: PERFORMANCES 11-35
3. "FAIR DEALING" AND LIKE EXCEPTIONS 11-36
(1) FAIR DEALING 11-36
(A) GENERAL 11-36
(B) RESEARCH OR PRIVATE STUDY 11-39
(C) REPORTING CURRENT EVENTS 11-40
(D) CRITICISM OR REVIEW 11-41
(2) OTHER EXCEPTIONS 11-42
(A) EXCEPTIONS DESIGNED TO ENCOURAGE COLLECTIVE LICENSING SCHEMES 11-43
(B) EXCEPTIONS CONCERNING ARTISTIC WORKS 11-44
(C) BROADCASTS AND CABLE-CASTS 11-45
(D) PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 11-49
(E) MISCELLANEOUS DEFENCES IN THE 1998 ACT 11-50
4. P U B L IC POLICY 11-55
(1) POLICY AGAINST LEGAL PROTECTION 11-56
(2) POLICY FAVOURING DISSEMINATION 11-57
5. ACTIONS FOR INFRINGEMENT 11-58
(1) DAMAGES 11-59
(2) PRESUMPTIONS IN COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT ACTIONS 11-62
6. MORAL RIGHTS 11-63
(1) PROTECTION OF AUTHORS UNDER GENERAL LEGAL RULES 11-66
(2) RIGHT TO BE IDENTIFIED 11-69
(A) ENTITLEMENT AND DURATION 11-69
(B) ASSERTION 11-70
(C) PRECLUSION 11-71
(D) ACTS COVERED 11-72
(E) IMPACT 11-74
(3) RIGHT TO OBJECT TO DEROGATORY TREATMENT 11-75
(A) ENTITLEMENT AND DURATION 11-75
(B) EXERCISE AND PRECLUSION 11-78
(C) ACTS COVERED 11-80
(D) IMPACT 11-81
(4) FALSE ATTRIBUTION 11-83
(5) RIGHT TO PRIVACY 11-85
(6) OVERALL SIGNIFICANCE 11-87
12. PROPERTY RIGHTS AND EXPLOITATION 12-01 1. INITIAL OWNERSHIP 12-04
(1) LITERARY, DRAMATIC, MUSICAL AND ARTISTIC WORKS; FILMS 12-04
(A) LEGAL FRAMEWORK 12-04
(B) EMPLOYMENT 12-05
(C) CONTRACTS TO THE CONTRARY 12-07
(D) COPYRIGHT EXTENDED AND REVIVED 12-08
(2) ENTREPRENEURIAL COPYRIGHT 12-10
2. ASSIGNMENTS AND LICENSING 12-11
(1) THE DISTINCTION 12-11
(2) FORMAL REQUIREMENT 12-12
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 12-12
(B) IMPLIED LICENCES 12-13
(C) TRANS-NATIONAL MOVEMENT OF GOODS 12-14
(3) CO-OWNERSHIP OF COPYRIGHT 12-19
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3. DEALINGS BASED ON COPYRIGHT 12-22
(1) TYPES OF DEALING 12-22
(2) LEGAL CONTROLS ON BARGAINING 12-28
(A) RESTRAINT OF TRADE 12-29
(B) UNDUE INFLUENCE 12-31
(C) EC COMPETITION LAW 12-34
(3) THE MAIN COPYRIGHT INDUSTRIES 12-35
(A) PUBLISHING 12-35
(B) MUSIC 12-38
(C) SCREENWRITING: FILM, TELEVISION AND VIDEO 12-44
(D) VISUAL ARTS 12-49
4. CONTROL OF MONOPOLY 12-51
(1) THE 1988 ACT 12-51
(2) THE COPYRIGHT TRIBUNAL 12-54
(3) DOMINANT POSITION IN THE E.C. 12-59
13. COPYRIGHT: PARTICULAR CASES 13-01
1. THE MEDIA AND THE PUBLIC INTEREST IN NEWS 13-02
(1) COPYRIGHT IN NEWS 13-02
(2) FAIR DEALING AND RECORDED SPEECH 13-04
(3) ORGANISATION AND JOURNALIST 13-08
2. REPROGRAPHY AND RECORDING: EDUCATIONAL AND PRIVATE COPYING 13-10 (1)
VISUAL COPIES OF LITERARY AND OTHER MATERIAL 13-12
(A) FAIR DEALING AND OTHER EXCEPTIONS 13-12
(B) THE REPROGRAPHY PROBLEM 13-13
(C) RIGHTS FOR PUBLISHERS 13-17
(2) AUDIO AND VIDEO COPYING 13-19
3. CABLE AND SATELLITE TRANSMISSION 13-24
4. RIGHTS IN PERFORMANCES 13-30
(1) THE NEW LAW 13-32
(2) OTHER CHARACTERISTICS 13-36
(3) REMEDIES FOR INFRINGEMENT 13^TO
5. PUBLIC LENDING RIGHT 13^11
(1) BACKGROUND 13^H
(2) THE PLR SCHEME FOR BOOKS 13-43
(3) PUBLIC "RENTAL" 13-44
6. ARTISTS' RESALE RIGHT: DROIT DE SUITE 13-45
7. CROWN AND PARLIAMENTARY COPYRIGHT 13-47
14. INDUSTRIAL DESIGN 14-01
1. BACKGROUND 14-01
(1) ORIGINS OF DESIGN REGISTRATION 14-02
(2) COPYRIGHT ACT 1911 14-03
(3) COPYRIGHT ACT 1956 14-04
(4) DESIGN COPYRIGHT ACT 1968 14-05
(5) BRITISH LEYLAND V ARMSTRONG; CANON V GREEN CARTRIDGE 14-06
(6) COPYRIGHT DESIGNS AND PATENTS ACT 1988 14-07
(7) THE COMMUNITY INTERVENTIONS BY REGULATION AND DIRECTIVE 14-08 (8)
ORDER OF THE CHAPTER 14-09
2. REGISTERED DESIGNS 14-10
(1) REQUIREMENTS FOR A REGISTRABIE DESIGN (VALIDITY) 14-12
(A) PRODUCT DESIGN 14-13
(B) NOVELTY AND INDIVIDUAL CHARACTER 14-17
(C) TECHNICAL FUNCTION 14-19
(D) PUBLIC POLICY AND MORALITY 14-21
(E) PROPRIETORSHIP AND DEALINGS; RIGHT TO BE NAMED: REG.A. 18 14-22 (2)
REGISTRATION AND TERM 14-23
(3) PROPERTY RIGHTS 14-25
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(4) RIGHT GIVEN BY REGISTRATION 14-26
(A) THE TEST OF SCOPE 14-26
(B) WRONGFUL ACTS 14-27
(C) EXCLUSIONS FROM PROTECTION 14-28
(D) "COMPLEX PRODUCTS" 14-28
(5) CROWN USE 14-29
3. COMMUNITY UNREGISTERED DESIGN RIGHT (UDR) 14-30
4. ARTISTIC COPYRIGHT 14-31
(1) THE EXCLUSION OF DESIGN DOCUMENTS AND MODELS 14-31
(A) "DESIGN DOCUMENT OR MODEL RECORDING OR EMBODYING A DESIGN 14-32 FOR
ANYTHING OTHER THAN AN ARTISTIC WORK . . ." (B) "ANY ASPECT OF SHAPE OR
CONFIGURATION . . . OTHER THAN SURFACE 14-35 DECORATION" (2) THE
LIMITATION OF DURATION 14-36
5. BRITISH UNREGISTERED DESIGN RIGHT 14-37
(1) SUBJECT-MATTER 14-37
(2) QUALIFICATION 14-43
(3) EXCLUSIVE RIGHT 14-45
(4) AUTHORSHIP AND FIRST OWNERSHIP 14-47
(5) DURATION AND LICENCES OF RIGHT 14-48
(6) A BRIEF COMPARISON 14-51
(7) TOPOGRAPHY RIGHT 14-52
PART V: TRADE MARKS AND NAMES
15. COMPETITOR AND CONSUMER 15-01
1. UNDERLYING THEMES 15-01
2. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 15-04
(1) JUDICIAL PROTECTION 15-04
(2) THE TRADE MARKS REGISTER 15-08
(3) TRADE MARKS IN WORLD TRADE 15-13
(A) INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS 15-13
(B) THE COMMUNITY MARK AND THE EU TRADE MARK APPROXIMATION 15-16
DIRECTIVE (C) UNFAIR COMPETITION AND CONSUMER PROTECTION 15-19
(D) SOURCE INDICATIONS AND OTHER NAMING SYSTEMS 15-21
3. THE PURPOSE OF PROTECTING TRADE MARKS 15-22
(1) TRADE MARK FUNCTIONS 15-22
(2) INFORMATION VERSUS PROMOTION 15-23
(3) FUNCTIONS AND RIGHTS 15-28
16. COMMON LAW LIABILITY 16-01
1. PASSING OFF 16-01
(1) THE CLAIMANT'S REPUTATION 16-07
(A) NOT JUST CONFUSION 16-06
(B) DISTINGUISHING FEATURE 16-08
(C) SECONDARY MEANING 16-12
(D) PERSONAL NAMES 16-13
(E) MARK BECOMING DESCRIPTIVE 16-14
(F) CONCURRENT REPUTATION 16-15
(G) GEOGRAPHICAL CONSIDERATIONS 16-16
(H) TEMPORAL CONSIDERATIONS 16-18
(I) DEALINGS IN TRADE REPUTATION 16-19
(2) DEFENDANT'S REPRESENTATION 16-22
(A) DEFENDANT'S STATE OF MIND 16-22
(B) FORM OF PASSING OFF 16-23
(C) LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 16-24
(D) DESCRIPTIVE CONNOTATION 16-26
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(E) RESPONSIBILITY UPON THE DEFENDANT (F) PROOF OF LIKELY DECEPTION (3)
LIKELIHOOD OF DAMAGE (A) LIKELY DAMAGE
(B) GOODS OR BUSINESS NOT THE SAME (C) NOT TRADING IN THE SAME
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA (D) NOT TRADING: OTHER SUFFICIENT REPUTATION (E) NOT
TRADING: SPONSORSHIP AND PERSONALITY ASSOCIATION (4) THE PROPER SCOPE OF
PASSING OFF
(A) NATURE OF THE DECEPTION (B) NATURE OF THE INJURY (C) CHARACTER
MERCHANDISING 2. INJURIOUS FALSEHOOD (1) ELEMENTS OF THE TORT (A) THE
FALSEHOOD (B) MALICE (C) SPECIAL DAMAGE (2) PARTICULAR ASPECTS (A)
RELATION TO OTHER TORTS (B) FALSE CLAIMS OF INFRINGEMENT (C) COMPARATIVE
ADVERTISING
17. REGISTERED TRADE MARKS 1. REGISTRATION SYSTEMS 2. THE PROCESS OF
REGISTRATION (1) PROCEDURE FOR A UNITED KINGDOM APPLICATION
(A) APPLICANTS (B) PRIORITY (C) CLASSIFICATION (D) SEARCH AND
EXAMINATION (E) OPPOSITION (F) APPEAL (G) REGISTRATION AND TERM (2)
MADRID PROTOCOL: INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION (3) COMMUNITY TRADE MARKS 3.
PROPRIETARY INTERESTS AND LICENSES
(1) ASSIGNMENT (2) LICENSING 4. CONDITIONS FOR SECURING REGISTRATION:
ABSOLUTE GROUNDS (1) "TRADE MARK"
(A) CAPACITY TO DISTINGUISH (B) GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION (C) UNDERTAKING
(2) ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE GROUNDS (3) ABSOLUTE GROUNDS: GENERAL
CATEGORIES
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS (B) COUNTERVAILING EVIDENCE (C) INDEFEASIBLE
OBJECTIONS (D) "DEVOID OF DISTINCTIVENESS" (E) "DESCRIPTIVENESS" (F)
"CUSTOMARY USAGE" (4) ABSOLUTE GROUNDS: SPECIFIC CATEGORIES
(A) SHAPES (B) PERSONALITY AND CHARACTER MERCHANDISING (C) PUBLIC
INTEREST
(D) STATE, OFFICIAL AND ROYAL EMBLEMS AND OTHER INDICIA 5. CONDITIONS
FOR SECURING REGISTRATION: THE RELATIVE GROUNDS (1) EARLIER MARKS (2)
EARLIER RIGHTS
16-27 16-28 16-29 16-29
16-30 16-31 16-32 16-33 16-36 16-37 16-41 16-44 16-48 16-48 16-49 16-50
16-51 16-52 16-52 16-53 16-54
17-01 17-01 17-02 17-03 17-03 17-04 17-05 17-06 17-07 17-08 17-09 17-10
17-11 17-12 17-13 17-14 17-16 17-16 17-17 17-20 17-21
17-22 17-23 17-24 17-25 17-28 17-29 17-35 17-39 17-40 17-40 17-46 17-47
17-51 17-52 17-53 17-54
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(3) ANTI-DILUTION MEASURES 17-55
(4) OTHER FACTORS 17-58
(A) CONSENT OF OTHER PARTY 17-58
(B) SCOPE OF OBJECTIONS 17-59
(C) DISCLAIMER 17-60
(D) HONEST CONCURRENT USE 17-61
(5) COMPARISON BETWEEN MARKS 17-63
(A) THE BASIS FOR COMPARISON 17-63
(B) FACTORS IN THE COMPARISON 17-64
(6) COMMUNITY TRADE MARKS 17-66
6. REVOCATION AND INVALIDITY 17-68
(1) REVOCATION FOR NON-USE 17-69
(A) SCOPE OF THE GROUND 17-70
(B) EXCEPTIONS 17-72
(2) MARK BECOMING GENERIC 17-74
(3) MARK BECOMING DECEPTIVE 17-76
7. INVALIDITY OF A REGISTERED MARK 17-79
(1) ABSOLUTE GROUNDS 17-80
(2) RELATIVE GROUNDS: ACQUIESCENCE 17-81
8. INFRINGEMENT 17-82
(1) INFRINGEMENT OF A UNITED KINGDOM REGISTERED MARK 17-84 (A) TYPES OF
USE AMOUNTING TO INFRINGEMENT 17-85
(B) THE WRONG TO THE REGISTERED MARK 17-86
(C) SCOPE OF INFRINGEMENT: OTHER FACTORS 17-107
(D) LIMITATIONS UPON INFRINGEMENT 17-110
(2) EXHAUSTION OF RIGHT 17-113
(3) INFRINGEMENT OF A CTM 17-115
(4) TRADE MARKS AND PARALLEL IMPORTING 17-119
PART VI: THE EUROPEAN DIMENSION AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES
18. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN THE EUROPEAN
UNION 1. THE INTERNAL MARKET: "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY" (1) FREE MOVEMENT
OF GOODS (A) PRELIMINARY FACTORS
(B) BASIC RULE AND ITS APPLICATION (C) JUSTIFICATIONS (D) THE "COMMON
ORIGIN" ADVENTURE (E) ABSENCE OF CONSENT
(F) REPACKAGING AND RELABELLING (2) RIGHTS IN PERFORMANCE AND OTHER
TEMPORARY USE 2. INTERNAL MARKET: UNFAIR COMPETITION 3. THE RULES OF
COMPETITION 4. PARALLEL IMPORTATION FROM OUTSIDE THE EEA
19. DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY: COMPUTERS AND THE INTERNET 1. COMPUTER PROGRAMS
(1) COPYRIGHT IN PROGRAMS
(A) EXISTENCE OF COPYRIGHT (B) EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS (C) SUBSTANTIAL TAKING
(D) EXCEPTIONS (2) PATENTS FOR COMPUTER PROGRAMS (A) PATENTABLE
SUBJECT-MATTER
(B) SCOPE OF RIGHTS
18-01 18-02 18-02 18-03 18-04 18-05 18-06 18-07 18-09
18-10 18-11 18-14 18-17
19-01 19-03 19-04 19-07
19-09 19-10 19-16 19-26
19-26 19-33
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(C) BUSINESS METHODS 19-34
2. STORED CONTENT AND OUTPUT 19-35
(1) DATABASES 19-35
(A) COPYRIGHT ORIGINALITY 19-35
(B) THE DATABASE DIRECTIVE 19-37
(2) COMPUTER OUTPUT 19-44
(3) MULTI-MEDIA: PROGRAM AND CONTENT MIXED 19^T6
(A) WORK 19-47
(B) AUTHOR 19-49
(C) ADAPTATION 19-50
(D) MORAL RIGHTS AND DIGITAL MANIPULATION 19-51
3. MATERIAL ON THE INTERNET 19-52
(1) INTRODUCTORY 19-52
(A) THE INTERNET AND COPYRIGHT 19-52
(B) COPYRIGHT AND ADJUNCT PROTECTION 19-56
(C) LEGISLATIVE MOVES 19-57
(D) PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW AND PROCEDURE 19-58
(2) BRITISH LAW AND ITS AMENDMENT 19-59
(A) ILLICIT MATERIAL 19-60
(B) LEGITIMATE MATERIAL 19-71
4. DOMAIN NAME DISPUTES 19-90
(1) INTERNET ADDRESSES 19-90
20. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 20-20 1. INTRODUCTION 20-01
(1) A HALF-CENTURY OF MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY 20-01
(2) BIOLOGICAL BASIS 20-02
(3) THE HPG AND ITS POLITICS 20-03
(4) PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 20-04
(5) GROWTH OF PATENTS ON BIOTECHNOLOGY 20-05
2. PATENT SYSTEMS AND BIOETHICS 20-06
(1) DISCOVERY AND INVENTION 20-07
3. PATENTABILITY: PUBLIC POLICY AND MORALITY 20-09
(1) JUSTICIABILITY 20-09
(2) MORALITY: GENETIC ANIMAL DESIGN 20-10
(3) PUBLIC POLICY: GM PLANTS 20-11
(4) ETHICAL OBJECTIONS: HUMAN TISSUE 20-12
(5) CLARIFICATION BY DIRECTIVE 20-13
4. PATENTS AND HUMAN GENETICS 20-14
(1) NOVELTY AND INVENTIVE STEP 20-15
(2) EXCESSIVE CLAIMS 20-16
(3) ANTI-COMMONS THAT IMPEDE R & D 20-17
(4) RESEARCH TOOL PATENTS AND EXPERIMENTAL USE 20-18
(5) THE CAUSES OF ANGUISH 20-19
5. OTHER IPRS AND GENETIC KNOWLEDGE 20-21
6. DERIVED CELL-LINES AND PARTICIPATION 20-22
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 - COMPETITION LAW AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY:
NOTE ON INSTITUTIONS AND SOME SUBSTANTIVE RULES AL-01 APPENDIX 2 - JOINT
INTERESTS IN MARKS, NAMES AND SYMBOLS A2-01
APPENDIX 3 - PROTECTION OF PLANT VARIETIES A3-01
INDEX 873
XIX |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Cornish, W. R. 1937-2022 Llewelyn, David |
| author_GND | (DE-588)128404116 (DE-588)129510971 |
| author_facet | Cornish, W. R. 1937-2022 Llewelyn, David |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Cornish, W. R. 1937-2022 |
| author_variant | w r c wr wrc d l dl |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV021454495 |
| callnumber-first | K - Law |
| callnumber-label | KD1269 |
| callnumber-raw | KD1269 |
| callnumber-search | KD1269 |
| callnumber-sort | KD 41269 |
| callnumber-subject | KD - United Kingdom and Ireland |
| classification_rvk | PU 4374 PU 5440 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)56440628 (DE-599)BVBBV021454495 |
| dewey-full | 346.4104/8 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 346 - Private law |
| dewey-raw | 346.4104/8 |
| dewey-search | 346.4104/8 |
| dewey-sort | 3346.4104 18 |
| dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| discipline_str_mv | Rechtswissenschaft |
| edition | 5. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Großbritannien Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Großbritannien |
| id | DE-604.BV021454495 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:05:58Z |
| indexdate | 2025-01-02T11:11:13Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0421781203 9780421781207 0421781106 9780421781108 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014674692 |
| oclc_num | 56440628 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-M382 DE-384 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-M382 DE-384 DE-188 |
| physical | CX, 895 S. |
| publishDate | 2003 |
| publishDateSearch | 2003 |
| publishDateSort | 2003 |
| publisher | Sweet & Maxwell |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Cornish, W. R. 1937-2022 Verfasser (DE-588)128404116 aut Intellectual property patents, copyright, trade marks and allied rights by William Cornish and David LLewelyn 5. ed. London Sweet & Maxwell 2003 CX, 895 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Auteursrecht gtt Europees recht gtt Merkenrecht gtt Octrooirecht gtt Recht van de intellectuele eigendom gtt Europarecht Intellectual property Great Britain Schutz (DE-588)4180271-8 gnd rswk-swf Geistiges Eigentum (DE-588)4136832-0 gnd rswk-swf Markenschutz (DE-588)4168904-5 gnd rswk-swf Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd rswk-swf Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz (DE-588)4020871-0 gnd rswk-swf Patentrecht (DE-588)4044884-8 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz (DE-588)4020871-0 s DE-604 Geistiges Eigentum (DE-588)4136832-0 s Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 s 1\p DE-604 Schutz (DE-588)4180271-8 s 2\p DE-604 Markenschutz (DE-588)4168904-5 s 3\p DE-604 Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b 4\p DE-604 Patentrecht (DE-588)4044884-8 s 5\p DE-604 Llewelyn, David Verfasser (DE-588)129510971 aut SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014674692&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 3\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 4\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 5\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Cornish, W. R. 1937-2022 Llewelyn, David Intellectual property patents, copyright, trade marks and allied rights Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Auteursrecht gtt Europees recht gtt Merkenrecht gtt Octrooirecht gtt Recht van de intellectuele eigendom gtt Europarecht Intellectual property Great Britain Schutz (DE-588)4180271-8 gnd Geistiges Eigentum (DE-588)4136832-0 gnd Markenschutz (DE-588)4168904-5 gnd Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz (DE-588)4020871-0 gnd Patentrecht (DE-588)4044884-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)4180271-8 (DE-588)4136832-0 (DE-588)4168904-5 (DE-588)4048737-4 (DE-588)4020871-0 (DE-588)4044884-8 (DE-588)4022153-2 |
| title | Intellectual property patents, copyright, trade marks and allied rights |
| title_auth | Intellectual property patents, copyright, trade marks and allied rights |
| title_exact_search | Intellectual property patents, copyright, trade marks and allied rights |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Intellectual property patents, copyright, trade marks and allied rights |
| title_full | Intellectual property patents, copyright, trade marks and allied rights by William Cornish and David LLewelyn |
| title_fullStr | Intellectual property patents, copyright, trade marks and allied rights by William Cornish and David LLewelyn |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intellectual property patents, copyright, trade marks and allied rights by William Cornish and David LLewelyn |
| title_short | Intellectual property |
| title_sort | intellectual property patents copyright trade marks and allied rights |
| title_sub | patents, copyright, trade marks and allied rights |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Auteursrecht gtt Europees recht gtt Merkenrecht gtt Octrooirecht gtt Recht van de intellectuele eigendom gtt Europarecht Intellectual property Great Britain Schutz (DE-588)4180271-8 gnd Geistiges Eigentum (DE-588)4136832-0 gnd Markenschutz (DE-588)4168904-5 gnd Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz (DE-588)4020871-0 gnd Patentrecht (DE-588)4044884-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Auteursrecht Europees recht Merkenrecht Octrooirecht Recht van de intellectuele eigendom Europarecht Intellectual property Great Britain Schutz Geistiges Eigentum Markenschutz Recht Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz Patentrecht Großbritannien |
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