Understanding and interpreting Chinese economic reform:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Mason, Ohio
Thomson/South-Western
2005
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Table of contents Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references (p. [441]-446) and index |
| Beschreibung: | xvi, 464 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1587991977 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Understanding and interpreting Chinese economic reform |c Jinglian Wu |
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| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references (p. [441]-446) and index | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Wirtschaftspolitik | |
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| 651 | 4 | |a Chine - Politique économique | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135159800266752 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
PART ONE INTRODUCTION TO REFORM 1
CHAPTER 1 THE RAISE OF THE ISSUE OF REFORM 3
1.1 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A SOVIET-STYLE SOCIALIST SYSTEM 3
1.1.1 LENIN S ASSUMPTION BEFORE THE REVOLUTION AND SOVIET RUSSIA S
EARLY PRACTICE 3
1.1.2 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF STALIN S SYSTEM 8
1.2 AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE CENTRALLY PLANNED ECONOMIC SYSTEM 12
1.2.1 NEOCLASSICAL ECONOMISTS THEORETICAL DEMONSTRATION OF THE
FEASIBILITY OF A PLANNED ECONOMIC SYSTEM 12
1.2.2 THE DEBATE ON SOCIALISM AMONG WESTERN ECONOMISTS IN THE
1920S AND 1930S 13
1.2.3 THE REEXAMINATION OF PLANNED ECONOMY IN THE LATE
TWENTIETH CENTURY 17
1.3 REFORM IN THE SOVIET UNION AND EASTERN EUROPEAN SOCIALIST
COUNTRIES 20
1.3.1 THE EFFORT OF THE SOVIET UNION TO IMPROVE THE ECONOMY AND
ITS FAILURE 21
1.3.2 SELF-MANAGEMENT SOCIALIST REFORM IN YUGOSLAVIA 24
1.3.3 THE GRADUAL REFORM IN HUNGARY 26
1.3.4 THE FOUR ROUNDS OF REFORM IN POLAND 27
1.3.5 THE ABORTED REFORM IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA 28
1.3.6 THE TRANSITION OF RUSSIA AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES TO
MARKET ECONOMIES UNDER NEW POLITICAL SYSTEMS 29
1.4 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CHINESE PLANNED ECONOMIC SYSTEM AND THE
RAISE
OF THE ISSUE OF REFORM 31
1.4.1 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CENTRALLY PLANNED ECONOMIC SYSTEM
IN CHINA 31
1.4.2 THE RAISE OF THE ISSUE OF REFORM IN CHINA 36
CHAPTER 2 THE EVOLUTION OF CHINA S REFORM STRATEGY 43
2.1 ADMINISTRATIVE DECENTRALIZATION (1958 TO 1978) 44
2.1.1 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE POLICY OF DELEGATING POWER TO AND
SHARING PROFIT WITH LOCAL GOVERNMENTS 44
2.1.2 THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLICY OF TRANSFERRING
ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS TO LOWER LEVELS 46
IV CONTENTS
2.1.3 DISORDER CAUSED BY TRANSFERRING ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS TO
LOWER LEVELS AND ITS REMEDIATION 49
2.1.4 AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ADMINISTRATIVE DECENTRALIZATION 54
2.2 INCREMENTAL REFORM (1979 TO 1993) 57
2.2.1 THE EMERGENCE OF THE STRATEGY OF INCREMENTAL REFORM 58
2.2.2 THE SHIFT OF THE FOCUS OF REFORM FROM INSIDE THE SYSTEM TO
OUTSIDE THE SYSTEM 62
2.2.3 THE AIL-ROUND IMPLEMENTATION OF INCREMENTAL REFORM 64
2.2.4 THE EMERGENCE OF THE DUAL-TRACK SYSTEM 68
2.2.5 THE NEGATIVE OUTCOMES OF THE LONG-TIME PRACTICE OF
INCREMENTAL REFORM 71
2.3 STRATEGY OF OVERALL ADVANCE (1994 TO PRESENT) 74
2.3.1 THE ATTEMPT AT CHANGING REFORM STRATEGY AND LAUNCHING
ALL-ROUND REFORM IN 1984-1986 75
2.3.2 THE THIRD PLENARY SESSION OF THE 14TH CCCPC STARTED A NEW
ERA OF OVERALL ADVANCE OF REFORM 82
2.3.3 IN-DEPTH DEVELOPMENT OF THE STRATEGY OF OVERALL
ADVANCE 85
PART TWO REFORM IN DIFFERENT SECTORS 91
CHAPTER 3 RURAL REFORM 93
3.1 THE AGRICULTURAL OPERATION SYSTEM BEFORE THE CONTRACTING
SYSTEM REFORM 93
3.1.1 FROM COOPERATIVES TO PEOPLE S COMMUNES 96
3.1.2 BASIC CONDITIONS IN RURAL CHINA BEFORE REFORM 102
3.2 IMPLEMENTATION AND ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF CONTRACTING OUTPUT QUOTA
TO EACH HOUSEHOLD 104
3.2.1 THE THREE UPS AND DOWNS OF CONTRACTING OUTPUT QUOTA TO
EACH HOUSEHOLD BEFORE 1976 104
3.2.2 QUICK SPREAD OF THE HOUSEHOLD CONTRACTING SYSTEM 108
3.2.3 ECONOMIC RESULTS OF THE HOUSEHOLD CONTRACTING SYSTEM 114
3.2.4 REFORM OF PROPERTY RIGHTS BY THE CONTRACTING SYSTEM 117
3.2.5 IMPACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TVES 118
3.3 EXISTING PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR FURTHER REFORMS 120
3.3.1 RETORMING THE PURCHASE AND MARKETING SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTS 121
3.3.2 IMPROVING THE LAND SYSTEM 126
CONTENTS V
3.3.3 ALLEVIATING THE BURDEN ON FARMERS 128
3.3.4 SOLVING CONTRADICTIONS BETWEEN SMALL FARMERS AND
BIG MARKETS 130
3.3.5 THE ISSUE OF THE TRANSFER OF RURAL SURPLUS LABORERS 133
CHAPTER 4 REFORM OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES 139
4.1 THE ENTERPRISE SYSTEM OF TRADITIONAL SOES AND THE REFORM WITH THE
MAIN
THEME OF POWER-DELEGATING AND PROFIT-SHARING 139
4.1.1 MAJOR FEATURES OF THE ENTERPRISE SYSTEM OF TRADITIONAL SOES 139
4.1.2 THE REFORM WITH THE MAIN THEME OF POWER-DELEGATING AND
PROFIT-SHARING 142
4.1.3 THE ESSENCE OF THE REFORM OF POWER-DELEGATING AND
PROFIT-SHARING 148
4.1.4 ACHIEVEMENTS AND DEFICIENCIES OF THE REFORM OF
POWER-DELEGATING AND PROFIT-SHARING 151
4.2 CORPORATIZATION OF LARGE SOES 154
4.2.1 PROGRESS IN CORPORATIZATION OF LARGE SOES 155
4.2.2 GOVERNANCE PROBLEMS OF TRANSFORMED COMPANIES 158
4.3 FURTHER REFORM MEASURES TO BE TAKEN 163
4.3.1 FURTHER LOWERING THE PROPORTION OF STATE EQUITY SHARES 163
4.3.2 STRENGTHENING THE INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEMS OF LARGE
ENTERPRISES 166
4.3.3 OVERCOMING DEFECTS OF INSIDER CONTROL AND INSTITUTING CHECKS
AND BALANCES BETWEEN THE OWNER AND THE MANAGEMENT 168
4.3.4 BRINGING THE SASAC INTO PLAY TO EXERCISE SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAW 171
4.3.5 LEARNING FROM INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND STRENGTHENING
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 173
CHAPTER 5 DEVELOPMENT OF NONSTATE SECTORS 177
5.1 BLIND WORSHIP OF STATE OWNERSHIP AND ITS BREAKDOWN 177
5.1.1 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DOMINANCE OF STATE OWNERSHIP
IN CHINA 178
5.1.2 PRACTICE OF THE REFORM AND OPENING UP CONTINUOUSLY BREAKING
THE RESTRICTIONS OF TRADITIONAL OWNERSHIP THEORY 181
5.1.3 THE DEBATE OVER OWNERSHIP AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE
GUIDING PRINCIPLE OF ALLOWING DIVERSE FORMS OF OWNERSHIP
TO DEVELOP SIDE BY SIDE 186
VI CONTENTS
5.2 THE LAYOUT READJUSTMENT OF THE STATE SECTOR: ADVANCING IN SOME AREAS
WHILE RETREATING IN OTHERS 189
5.2.1 THE GUIDING PRINCIPLE FOR THE LAYOUT READJUSTMENT OF THE
STATE SECTOR 189
5.2.2 LETTING GO OF AND INVIGORATING SMALL AND MEDIUM SOES 192
5.3 THE EMERGENCE OF A DIVERSE OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE WITH MULTIPLE FORMS
OF OWNERSHIP DEVELOPING SIDE BY SIDE 198
5.3.1 THE RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF NONSTATE SECTORS 198
5.3.2 THE EMERGENCE OF DIVERSE OWNERSHIP STRUCTURES WITH
MULTIPLE FORMS OF OWNERSHIP DEVELOPING SIDE BY SIDE
IN SOME REGIONS 199
5.4 IMPEDIMENTS TO FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF NONSTATE SECTORS 204
5.4.1 IMPROVING THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT OF NONSTATE SECTORS 204
5.4.2 ENHANCING SUPPORT TO SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES 206
5.4.3 RELYING ON NONSTATE ENTERPRISES TO DEVELOP HIGH-TECH
INDUSTRIES 208
5.4.4 NONSTATE ENTERPRISES SHOULD MAKE EVEN GREATER ENDEAVORS 211
CHAPTER 6 REFORM OF THE BANKING SYSTEM AND DEVELOPMENT
OF THE SECURITIES MARKET 217
6.1 THE CONCEPTS OF MONEY AND FINANCE IN A PLANNED ECONOMY AND
CHANGES IN CHINA S FINANCIAL SYSTEM IN THE 1980S 217
6.1.1 CHANGES IN ENTERPRISE FINANCING 219
6.1.2 THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND THE START
OF THE CAPITAL MARKET 219
6.1.3 CHANGES IN THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF FINANCIAL
INSTITUTIONS 220
6.1.4 CHANGES IN THE CENTRAL BANK S APPROACHES TO MACROECONOMIC
CONTROL 220
6.2 THE BANKING REFORM IN THE 1990S AND ITS FUTURE DIRECTION 222
6.2.1 MAJOR PROBLEMS IN CHINA S BANKING SYSTEM BEFORE THE
1994 REFORM 222
6.2.2 THE PROGRESS OF THE BANKING REFORM SINCE 1994 226
6.2.3 NEW CHALLENGES FOR THE BANKING REFORM IN THE NEW
MILLENNIUM 229
6.3 THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA S MONEY MARKET 234
6.3.1 THE CURRENT SITUATION OF CHINA S MONEY MARKET AND
ITS PROBLEMS 234
CONTENTS VII
6.3.2 THE FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA S MONEY MARKET 236
6.4 THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE SECURITIES MARKET 237
6.4.1 THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA S SECURITIES MARKET SINCE THE
REFORM AND OPENING UP 237
6.4.2 PROBLEMS IN CHINA S SECURITIES MARKET AND PROPOSED
SOLUTIONS 239
CHAPTER 7 REFORM OF THE FISCAL AND TAXATION SYSTEM 255
7.1 GOVERNMENT FINANCE IN A PLANNED ECONOMY 255
7.2 FISCAL AND TAXATION REFORM FROM 1980 TO 1993 258
7.2.1 CHANGES IN THE FINANCIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE CENTRAL
GOVERNMENT AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS 259
7.2.2 CHANGES IN THE FINANCIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT
AND ENTERPRISES 263
7.2.3 INSTITUTIONAL DEFECTS OF THE FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY SYSTEM 265
7.3 ALL-ROUND REFORM OF THE FISCAL AND TAXATION SYSTEM IN 1994 269
7.3.1 MAIN REQUIREMENTS OF THE THIRD PLENARY SESSION OF THE
14TH CCCPC FOR FISCAL AND TAXATION SYSTEM REFORM 269
7.3.2 THE TAX-SHARING SYSTEM FOR FISCAL BUDGET 270
7.3.3 BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF THE TAXATION SYSTEM REFORM 272
7.4 REFORM OF THE FISCAL AND TAXATION SYSTEM AFTER 1994 274
7.4.1 STRAIGHTENING OUT EXTRA-BUDGETARY REVENUE 275
7.4.2 FURTHER IMPROVING THE TAX-SHARING SYSTEM 279
7.4.3 REALIZING THE TRANSITION TOWARD A PUBLIC FINANCE SYSTEM 281
7.4.4 PROPOSALS FOR NEW REFORM MEASURES 285
CHAPTER 8 OPENING TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD 291
8.1 THE EVOLUTION OF CHINA S FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 291
8.1.1 1949-1971: SELF-SECLUSION 291
8.1.2 1972-1978: IMPORT SUBSTITUTION 293
8.1.3 1978-2001: COMBINATION OF EXPORT ORIENTATION AND IMPORT
SUBSTITUTION 293
8.1.4 AFTER THE ACCESSION TO THE WTO IN 2002: AN OPEN
ECONOMY 294
8.2 THE SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF OPENING TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD 295
8.2.1 ESTABLISHING BASES FOR OPENING TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD
IN THE 1980S 295
VIII CONTENTS
8.2.2 EXPANDING THE REGIONS OPEN TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD
IN THE 1990S 297
8.2.3 DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES 299
8.3 FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT 300
8.3.1 GROWTH AND CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
IN CHINA 300
8.3.2 PROMOTING THE GROWTH OF LOCAL ENTERPRISES 305
8.4 THE DEVELOPMENT OF IMPORT AND EXPORT TRADE 311
8.4.1 THE PROCESS OF THE REFORM OF THE FOREIGN TRADE SYSTEM 311
8.4.2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN TRADE 315
8.4.3 PROBLEMS DEMANDING IMMEDIATE SOLUTIONS 317
8.5 PROSPECT OF CHINA S OPENING TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD 319
8.5.1 THE ACCESSION TO THE WTO IS A NEW MILESTONE IN CHINA S
OPENING TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD 319
8.5.2 CHINA WILL ENTER A NEW ERA OF AU-ROUND OPENING TO THE
OUTSIDE WORLD 319
8.5.3 ACTIVE PARTICIPATION IN REGIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION 320
PART THREE MACROECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ISSUES 325
CHAPTER 9 ESTABLISHMENT OF A NEW SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM 327
9.1 THE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM BEFORE REFORM AND THE REFORM PLAN OF THE
THIRD PLENARY SESSION OF THE 14TH CCCPC 327
9.1.1 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM IN CHINA 327
9.1.2 DRAWBACKS OF THE TRADITIONAL SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM 329
9.1.3 TARGETS FOR SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM REFORM ESTABLISHED BY THE
THIRD PLENARY SESSION OF THE 14TH CCCPC 332
9.1.4 SUGGESTIONS OF THE WORLD BANK ON PENSION REFORM 335
9.2 THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REFORM AND ITS PROBLEMS 336
9.2.1 PENSION INSURANCE REFORM 337
9.2.2 MEDICAL INSURANCE SYSTEM REFORM 346
9.2.3 UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE 349
9.2.4 MINIMUM LIVING GUARANTEE SYSTEM 351
9.2.5 RURAL SOCIAL SECURITY 352
CHAPTER 10 MACROECONOMIC POLICIES IN THE TRANSITIONAL PERIOD 355
10.1 MACROECONOMIC ISSUES AND MACROECONOMIC POLICIES 355
CONTENTS IX
10.2 INFLATION BETWEEN 1980 AND 1994 356
10.2.1 INFLATION IS A COMMON PROBLEM IN THE TRANSITIONAL PERIOD 356
10.2.2 FOUR ROUNDS OF OVERHEATED ECONOMY AND CHANGES IN
MACROECONOMIC POLICIES BETWEEN 1980 AND 1994 359
10.3 DEFLATION AND REMEDIAL POLICIES BETWEEN 1997 AND 2002 374
10.3.1 CAUSES OF INSUFFICIENT AGGREGATE DEMAND 374
10.3.2 POLICIES TO INCREASE DOMESTIC DEMAND AND THEIR EFFECT 375
10.3.3 CHANGES IN MACROECONOMIC SITUATION 378
10.4 SHORT-TERM PROBLEMS AND MID- AND LONG-TERM RISKS IN CHINA S
ECONOMY 378
10.4.1 THE ROOT CAUSE OF THE PROBLEMS IN THE CHINESE
FINANCIAL SYSTEM WAS THE HIGH INPUT AND LOW EFFICIENCY
OF THE ECONOMY 379
10.4.2 ESSENTIAL MEASURES NEEDED TO AVOID A CRISIS 383
CHAPTER 11 SOCIAL RELATIONS AND GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONS IN THE
TRANSITIONAL PERIOD 385
11.1 SOCIAL CONTRADICTIONS IN THE TRANSITIONAL PERIOD 385
11.1.1 THE TRANSITIONAL PERIOD IS A PERIOD IN WHICH SOCIAL RELATIONS
ARE UNDER GREAT TENSION 386
11.1.2 EVOLUTION OF THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL CONTRADICTIONS
DURING CHINA S TRANSITIONAL PERIOD 389
11.1.3 INCREASE IN CORRUPT ACTIVITIES 391
11.1.4 ENLARGING INCOME DISPARITY AMONG SOCIAL STRATA 398
11.2 CONSTRUCTING A GOOD MARKET ECONOMY 403
11.2.1 DIFFERENT ATTITUDES TOWARD REFORM 403
11.2.2 MAINTAINING SOCIAL JUSTICE WAS A CRITICAL ISSUE IN THE
TRANSITIONAL PERIOD 407
11.3 GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONS IN ECONOMIC TRANSITION 413
11.3.1 THE IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT IN THE
TRANSITIONAL PROCESS 413
11.3.2 THE NECESSITY OF CHANGE IN GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONS 416
11.4 ACTIVE PROMOTION OF POLITICAL REFORM 417
11.4.1 THE NECESSITY OF POLITICAL REFORM 417
11.4.2 MAJOR CONTENTS OF POLITICAL REFORM 423
11.4.3 NURTURING A CIVIL SOCIETY AND IMPROVING THE SELF-ORGANIZING
ABILITY OF THE SOCIETY 429
X CONTENTS
PART FOUR BRIEF CONCLUSION 431
CHAPTER 12 CONCLUDING REMARKS 433
12.1 ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL GOALS BECOMING INCREASINGLY CLEAR IN THE
PROCESS OF REFORM 433
12.2 PROMOTING REFORM AND COMPREHENSIVELY IMPROVING THE SOCIALIST MARKET
ECONOMIC SYSTEM 437
BIBLIOGRAPHY 441
POSTSCRIPT BY THE TRANSLATOR 447
NAME INDEX 449
SUBJECT INDEX 453
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
PART ONE INTRODUCTION TO REFORM 1
CHAPTER 1 THE RAISE OF THE ISSUE OF REFORM 3
1.1 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A SOVIET-STYLE SOCIALIST SYSTEM 3
1.1.1 LENIN'S ASSUMPTION BEFORE THE REVOLUTION AND SOVIET RUSSIA'S
EARLY PRACTICE 3
1.1.2 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF STALIN'S SYSTEM 8
1.2 AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE CENTRALLY PLANNED ECONOMIC SYSTEM 12
1.2.1 NEOCLASSICAL ECONOMISTS' THEORETICAL DEMONSTRATION OF THE
FEASIBILITY OF A PLANNED ECONOMIC SYSTEM 12
1.2.2 THE DEBATE ON SOCIALISM AMONG WESTERN ECONOMISTS IN THE
1920S AND 1930S 13
1.2.3 THE REEXAMINATION OF PLANNED ECONOMY IN THE LATE
TWENTIETH CENTURY 17
1.3 REFORM IN THE SOVIET UNION AND EASTERN EUROPEAN SOCIALIST
COUNTRIES 20
1.3.1 THE EFFORT OF THE SOVIET UNION TO IMPROVE THE ECONOMY AND
ITS FAILURE 21
1.3.2 SELF-MANAGEMENT SOCIALIST REFORM IN YUGOSLAVIA 24
1.3.3 THE GRADUAL REFORM IN HUNGARY 26
1.3.4 THE FOUR ROUNDS OF REFORM IN POLAND 27
1.3.5 THE ABORTED REFORM IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA 28
1.3.6 THE TRANSITION OF RUSSIA AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES TO
MARKET ECONOMIES UNDER NEW POLITICAL SYSTEMS 29
1.4 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CHINESE PLANNED ECONOMIC SYSTEM AND THE
RAISE
OF THE ISSUE OF REFORM 31
1.4.1 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CENTRALLY PLANNED ECONOMIC SYSTEM
IN CHINA 31
1.4.2 THE RAISE OF THE ISSUE OF REFORM IN CHINA 36
CHAPTER 2 THE EVOLUTION OF CHINA'S REFORM STRATEGY 43
2.1 ADMINISTRATIVE DECENTRALIZATION (1958 TO 1978) 44
2.1.1 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE POLICY OF DELEGATING POWER TO AND
SHARING PROFIT WITH LOCAL GOVERNMENTS 44
2.1.2 THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLICY OF TRANSFERRING
ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS TO LOWER LEVELS 46
IV CONTENTS
2.1.3 DISORDER CAUSED BY TRANSFERRING ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS TO
LOWER LEVELS AND ITS REMEDIATION 49
2.1.4 AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ADMINISTRATIVE DECENTRALIZATION 54
2.2 INCREMENTAL REFORM (1979 TO 1993) 57
2.2.1 THE EMERGENCE OF THE STRATEGY OF INCREMENTAL REFORM 58
2.2.2 THE SHIFT OF THE FOCUS OF REFORM FROM "INSIDE THE SYSTEM" TO
"OUTSIDE THE SYSTEM" 62
2.2.3 THE AIL-ROUND IMPLEMENTATION OF INCREMENTAL REFORM 64
2.2.4 THE EMERGENCE OF THE DUAL-TRACK SYSTEM 68
2.2.5 THE NEGATIVE OUTCOMES OF THE LONG-TIME PRACTICE OF
INCREMENTAL REFORM 71
2.3 STRATEGY OF "OVERALL ADVANCE" (1994 TO PRESENT) 74
2.3.1 THE ATTEMPT AT CHANGING REFORM STRATEGY AND LAUNCHING
ALL-ROUND REFORM IN 1984-1986 75
2.3.2 THE THIRD PLENARY SESSION OF THE 14TH CCCPC STARTED A NEW
ERA OF OVERALL ADVANCE OF REFORM 82
2.3.3 IN-DEPTH DEVELOPMENT OF THE STRATEGY OF OVERALL
ADVANCE 85
PART TWO REFORM IN DIFFERENT SECTORS 91
CHAPTER 3 RURAL REFORM 93
3.1 THE AGRICULTURAL OPERATION SYSTEM BEFORE THE CONTRACTING
SYSTEM REFORM 93
3.1.1 FROM COOPERATIVES TO PEOPLE'S COMMUNES 96
3.1.2 BASIC CONDITIONS IN RURAL CHINA BEFORE REFORM 102
3.2 IMPLEMENTATION AND ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF "CONTRACTING OUTPUT QUOTA
TO EACH HOUSEHOLD" 104
3.2.1 THE THREE UPS AND DOWNS OF "CONTRACTING OUTPUT QUOTA TO
EACH HOUSEHOLD" BEFORE 1976 104
3.2.2 QUICK SPREAD OF THE HOUSEHOLD CONTRACTING SYSTEM 108
3.2.3 ECONOMIC RESULTS OF THE HOUSEHOLD CONTRACTING SYSTEM 114
3.2.4 REFORM OF PROPERTY RIGHTS BY THE CONTRACTING SYSTEM 117
3.2.5 IMPACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TVES 118
3.3 EXISTING PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR FURTHER REFORMS 120
3.3.1 RETORMING THE PURCHASE AND MARKETING SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTS 121
3.3.2 IMPROVING THE LAND SYSTEM 126
CONTENTS V
3.3.3 ALLEVIATING THE BURDEN ON FARMERS 128
3.3.4 SOLVING CONTRADICTIONS BETWEEN SMALL FARMERS AND
BIG MARKETS 130
3.3.5 THE ISSUE OF THE TRANSFER OF RURAL SURPLUS LABORERS 133
CHAPTER 4 REFORM OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES 139
4.1 THE ENTERPRISE SYSTEM OF TRADITIONAL SOES AND THE REFORM WITH THE
MAIN
THEME OF POWER-DELEGATING AND PROFIT-SHARING 139
4.1.1 MAJOR FEATURES OF THE ENTERPRISE SYSTEM OF TRADITIONAL SOES 139
4.1.2 THE REFORM WITH THE MAIN THEME OF POWER-DELEGATING AND
PROFIT-SHARING 142
4.1.3 THE ESSENCE OF THE REFORM OF POWER-DELEGATING AND
PROFIT-SHARING 148
4.1.4 ACHIEVEMENTS AND DEFICIENCIES OF THE REFORM OF
POWER-DELEGATING AND PROFIT-SHARING 151
4.2 CORPORATIZATION OF LARGE SOES 154
4.2.1 PROGRESS IN CORPORATIZATION OF LARGE SOES 155
4.2.2 GOVERNANCE PROBLEMS OF TRANSFORMED COMPANIES 158
4.3 FURTHER REFORM MEASURES TO BE TAKEN 163
4.3.1 FURTHER LOWERING THE PROPORTION OF STATE EQUITY SHARES 163
4.3.2 STRENGTHENING THE INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEMS OF LARGE
ENTERPRISES 166
4.3.3 OVERCOMING DEFECTS OF INSIDER CONTROL AND INSTITUTING CHECKS
AND BALANCES BETWEEN THE OWNER AND THE MANAGEMENT 168
4.3.4 BRINGING THE SASAC INTO PLAY TO EXERCISE SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAW 171
4.3.5 LEARNING FROM INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND STRENGTHENING
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 173
CHAPTER 5 DEVELOPMENT OF NONSTATE SECTORS 177
5.1 BLIND WORSHIP OF STATE OWNERSHIP AND ITS BREAKDOWN 177
5.1.1 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DOMINANCE OF STATE OWNERSHIP
IN CHINA 178
5.1.2 PRACTICE OF THE REFORM AND OPENING UP CONTINUOUSLY BREAKING
THE RESTRICTIONS OF TRADITIONAL OWNERSHIP THEORY 181
5.1.3 THE DEBATE OVER OWNERSHIP AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE
GUIDING PRINCIPLE OF "ALLOWING DIVERSE FORMS OF OWNERSHIP
TO DEVELOP SIDE BY SIDE" 186
VI CONTENTS
5.2 THE LAYOUT READJUSTMENT OF THE STATE SECTOR: ADVANCING IN SOME AREAS
WHILE RETREATING IN OTHERS 189
5.2.1 THE GUIDING PRINCIPLE FOR THE LAYOUT READJUSTMENT OF THE
STATE SECTOR 189
5.2.2 LETTING GO OF AND INVIGORATING SMALL AND MEDIUM SOES 192
5.3 THE EMERGENCE OF A DIVERSE OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE WITH MULTIPLE FORMS
OF OWNERSHIP DEVELOPING SIDE BY SIDE 198
5.3.1 THE RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF NONSTATE SECTORS 198
5.3.2 THE EMERGENCE OF DIVERSE OWNERSHIP STRUCTURES WITH
MULTIPLE FORMS OF OWNERSHIP DEVELOPING SIDE BY SIDE
IN SOME REGIONS 199
5.4 IMPEDIMENTS TO FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF NONSTATE SECTORS 204
5.4.1 IMPROVING THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT OF NONSTATE SECTORS 204
5.4.2 ENHANCING SUPPORT TO SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES 206
5.4.3 RELYING ON NONSTATE ENTERPRISES TO DEVELOP HIGH-TECH
INDUSTRIES 208
5.4.4 NONSTATE ENTERPRISES SHOULD MAKE EVEN GREATER ENDEAVORS 211
CHAPTER 6 REFORM OF THE BANKING SYSTEM AND DEVELOPMENT
OF THE SECURITIES MARKET 217
6.1 THE CONCEPTS OF "MONEY" AND "FINANCE" IN A PLANNED ECONOMY AND
CHANGES IN CHINA'S FINANCIAL SYSTEM IN THE 1980S 217
6.1.1 CHANGES IN ENTERPRISE FINANCING 219
6.1.2 THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND THE START
OF THE CAPITAL MARKET 219
6.1.3 CHANGES IN THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF FINANCIAL
INSTITUTIONS 220
6.1.4 CHANGES IN THE CENTRAL BANK'S APPROACHES TO MACROECONOMIC
CONTROL 220
6.2 THE BANKING REFORM IN THE 1990S AND ITS FUTURE DIRECTION 222
6.2.1 MAJOR PROBLEMS IN CHINA'S BANKING SYSTEM BEFORE THE
1994 REFORM 222
6.2.2 THE PROGRESS OF THE BANKING REFORM SINCE 1994 226
6.2.3 NEW CHALLENGES FOR THE BANKING REFORM IN THE NEW
MILLENNIUM 229
6.3 THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA'S MONEY MARKET 234
6.3.1 THE CURRENT SITUATION OF CHINA'S MONEY MARKET AND
ITS PROBLEMS 234
CONTENTS VII
6.3.2 THE FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA'S MONEY MARKET 236
6.4 THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE SECURITIES MARKET 237
6.4.1 THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA'S SECURITIES MARKET SINCE THE
REFORM AND OPENING UP 237
6.4.2 PROBLEMS IN CHINA'S SECURITIES MARKET AND PROPOSED
SOLUTIONS 239
CHAPTER 7 REFORM OF THE FISCAL AND TAXATION SYSTEM 255
7.1 GOVERNMENT FINANCE IN A PLANNED ECONOMY 255
7.2 FISCAL AND TAXATION REFORM FROM 1980 TO 1993 258
7.2.1 CHANGES IN THE FINANCIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE CENTRAL
GOVERNMENT AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS 259
7.2.2 CHANGES IN THE FINANCIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT
AND ENTERPRISES 263
7.2.3 INSTITUTIONAL DEFECTS OF THE FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY SYSTEM 265
7.3 ALL-ROUND REFORM OF THE FISCAL AND TAXATION SYSTEM IN 1994 269
7.3.1 MAIN REQUIREMENTS OF THE THIRD PLENARY SESSION OF THE
14TH CCCPC FOR FISCAL AND TAXATION SYSTEM REFORM 269
7.3.2 THE TAX-SHARING SYSTEM FOR FISCAL BUDGET 270
7.3.3 BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF THE TAXATION SYSTEM REFORM 272
7.4 REFORM OF THE FISCAL AND TAXATION SYSTEM AFTER 1994 274
7.4.1 STRAIGHTENING OUT "EXTRA-BUDGETARY REVENUE" 275
7.4.2 FURTHER IMPROVING THE TAX-SHARING SYSTEM 279
7.4.3 REALIZING THE TRANSITION TOWARD A PUBLIC FINANCE SYSTEM 281
7.4.4 PROPOSALS FOR NEW REFORM MEASURES 285
CHAPTER 8 OPENING TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD 291
8.1 THE EVOLUTION OF CHINA'S FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 291
8.1.1 1949-1971: SELF-SECLUSION 291
8.1.2 1972-1978: IMPORT SUBSTITUTION 293
8.1.3 1978-2001: COMBINATION OF EXPORT ORIENTATION AND IMPORT
SUBSTITUTION 293
8.1.4 AFTER THE ACCESSION TO THE WTO IN 2002: AN OPEN
ECONOMY 294
8.2 THE SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF OPENING TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD 295
8.2.1 ESTABLISHING BASES FOR OPENING TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD
IN THE 1980S 295
VIII CONTENTS
8.2.2 EXPANDING THE REGIONS OPEN TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD
IN THE 1990S 297
8.2.3 DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES 299
8.3 FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT 300
8.3.1 GROWTH AND CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
IN CHINA 300
8.3.2 PROMOTING THE GROWTH OF LOCAL ENTERPRISES 305
8.4 THE DEVELOPMENT OF IMPORT AND EXPORT TRADE 311
8.4.1 THE PROCESS OF THE REFORM OF THE FOREIGN TRADE SYSTEM 311
8.4.2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN TRADE 315
8.4.3 PROBLEMS DEMANDING IMMEDIATE SOLUTIONS 317
8.5 PROSPECT OF CHINA'S OPENING TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD 319
8.5.1 THE ACCESSION TO THE WTO IS A NEW MILESTONE IN CHINA'S
OPENING TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD 319
8.5.2 CHINA WILL ENTER A NEW ERA OF AU-ROUND OPENING TO THE
OUTSIDE WORLD 319
8.5.3 ACTIVE PARTICIPATION IN REGIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION 320
PART THREE MACROECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ISSUES 325
CHAPTER 9 ESTABLISHMENT OF A NEW SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM 327
9.1 THE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM BEFORE REFORM AND THE REFORM PLAN OF THE
THIRD PLENARY SESSION OF THE 14TH CCCPC 327
9.1.1 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM IN CHINA 327
9.1.2 DRAWBACKS OF THE TRADITIONAL SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM 329
9.1.3 TARGETS FOR SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM REFORM ESTABLISHED BY THE
THIRD PLENARY SESSION OF THE 14TH CCCPC 332
9.1.4 SUGGESTIONS OF THE WORLD BANK ON PENSION REFORM 335
9.2 THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REFORM AND ITS PROBLEMS 336
9.2.1 PENSION INSURANCE REFORM 337
9.2.2 MEDICAL INSURANCE SYSTEM REFORM 346
9.2.3 UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE 349
9.2.4 MINIMUM LIVING GUARANTEE SYSTEM 351
9.2.5 RURAL SOCIAL SECURITY 352
CHAPTER 10 MACROECONOMIC POLICIES IN THE TRANSITIONAL PERIOD 355
10.1 MACROECONOMIC ISSUES AND MACROECONOMIC POLICIES 355
CONTENTS IX
10.2 INFLATION BETWEEN 1980 AND 1994 356
10.2.1 INFLATION IS A COMMON PROBLEM IN THE TRANSITIONAL PERIOD 356
10.2.2 FOUR ROUNDS OF OVERHEATED ECONOMY AND CHANGES IN
MACROECONOMIC POLICIES BETWEEN 1980 AND 1994 359
10.3 DEFLATION AND REMEDIAL POLICIES BETWEEN 1997 AND 2002 374
10.3.1 CAUSES OF INSUFFICIENT AGGREGATE DEMAND 374
10.3.2 POLICIES TO INCREASE DOMESTIC DEMAND AND THEIR EFFECT 375
10.3.3 CHANGES IN MACROECONOMIC SITUATION 378
10.4 SHORT-TERM PROBLEMS AND MID- AND LONG-TERM RISKS IN CHINA'S
ECONOMY 378
10.4.1 THE ROOT CAUSE OF THE PROBLEMS IN THE CHINESE
FINANCIAL SYSTEM WAS THE HIGH INPUT AND LOW EFFICIENCY
OF THE ECONOMY 379
10.4.2 ESSENTIAL MEASURES NEEDED TO AVOID A CRISIS 383
CHAPTER 11 SOCIAL RELATIONS AND GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONS IN THE
TRANSITIONAL PERIOD 385
11.1 SOCIAL CONTRADICTIONS IN THE TRANSITIONAL PERIOD 385
11.1.1 THE TRANSITIONAL PERIOD IS A PERIOD IN WHICH SOCIAL RELATIONS
ARE UNDER GREAT TENSION 386
11.1.2 EVOLUTION OF THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL CONTRADICTIONS
DURING CHINA'S TRANSITIONAL PERIOD 389
11.1.3 INCREASE IN CORRUPT ACTIVITIES 391
11.1.4 ENLARGING INCOME DISPARITY AMONG SOCIAL STRATA 398
11.2 CONSTRUCTING A GOOD MARKET ECONOMY 403
11.2.1 DIFFERENT ATTITUDES TOWARD REFORM 403
11.2.2 MAINTAINING SOCIAL JUSTICE WAS A CRITICAL ISSUE IN THE
TRANSITIONAL PERIOD 407
11.3 GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONS IN ECONOMIC TRANSITION 413
11.3.1 THE IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT IN THE
TRANSITIONAL PROCESS 413
11.3.2 THE NECESSITY OF CHANGE IN GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONS 416
11.4 ACTIVE PROMOTION OF POLITICAL REFORM 417
11.4.1 THE NECESSITY OF POLITICAL REFORM 417
11.4.2 MAJOR CONTENTS OF POLITICAL REFORM 423
11.4.3 NURTURING A CIVIL SOCIETY AND IMPROVING THE SELF-ORGANIZING
ABILITY OF THE SOCIETY 429
X CONTENTS
PART FOUR BRIEF CONCLUSION 431
CHAPTER 12 CONCLUDING REMARKS 433
12.1 ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL GOALS BECOMING INCREASINGLY CLEAR IN THE
PROCESS OF REFORM 433
12.2 PROMOTING REFORM AND COMPREHENSIVELY IMPROVING THE SOCIALIST MARKET
ECONOMIC SYSTEM 437
BIBLIOGRAPHY 441
POSTSCRIPT BY THE TRANSLATOR 447
NAME INDEX 449
SUBJECT INDEX 453 |
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| author | Wu, Jinglian |
| author_facet | Wu, Jinglian |
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| callnumber-first | H - Social Science |
| callnumber-label | HC427 |
| callnumber-raw | HC427 |
| callnumber-search | HC427 |
| callnumber-sort | HC 3427 |
| callnumber-subject | HC - Economic History and Conditions |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)60742054 (DE-599)BVBBV021444819 |
| dewey-full | 338.951/009/049 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 338 - Production |
| dewey-raw | 338.951/009/049 |
| dewey-search | 338.951/009/049 |
| dewey-sort | 3338.951 19 249 |
| dewey-tens | 330 - Economics |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| discipline_str_mv | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| era | Geschichte 1978-2005 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1978-2005 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Chine - Conditions économiques Chine - Politique économique China Economic policy China Economic conditions China (DE-588)4009937-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Chine - Conditions économiques Chine - Politique économique China Economic policy China Economic conditions China |
| id | DE-604.BV021444819 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:04:13Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:36:05Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1587991977 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2005017747 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014661817 |
| oclc_num | 60742054 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-2070s |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-2070s |
| physical | xvi, 464 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publishDateSearch | 2005 |
| publishDateSort | 2005 |
| publisher | Thomson/South-Western |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Wu, Jinglian Verfasser aut Understanding and interpreting Chinese economic reform Jinglian Wu Mason, Ohio Thomson/South-Western 2005 xvi, 464 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references (p. [441]-446) and index Geschichte 1978-2005 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Wirtschaftsreform (DE-588)4066512-4 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd rswk-swf Chine - Conditions économiques Chine - Politique économique China Economic policy China Economic conditions China (DE-588)4009937-4 gnd rswk-swf China (DE-588)4009937-4 g Wirtschaftsreform (DE-588)4066512-4 s Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 s Geschichte 1978-2005 z DE-604 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0514/2005017747.html Table of contents SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014661817&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Wu, Jinglian Understanding and interpreting Chinese economic reform Wirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Wirtschaftsreform (DE-588)4066512-4 gnd Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4066512-4 (DE-588)4066493-4 (DE-588)4009937-4 |
| title | Understanding and interpreting Chinese economic reform |
| title_auth | Understanding and interpreting Chinese economic reform |
| title_exact_search | Understanding and interpreting Chinese economic reform |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Understanding and interpreting Chinese economic reform |
| title_full | Understanding and interpreting Chinese economic reform Jinglian Wu |
| title_fullStr | Understanding and interpreting Chinese economic reform Jinglian Wu |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding and interpreting Chinese economic reform Jinglian Wu |
| title_short | Understanding and interpreting Chinese economic reform |
| title_sort | understanding and interpreting chinese economic reform |
| topic | Wirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Wirtschaftsreform (DE-588)4066512-4 gnd Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Wirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Wirtschaftsreform Chine - Conditions économiques Chine - Politique économique China Economic policy China Economic conditions China |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0514/2005017747.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014661817&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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