The Oxford handbook of criminology:
Saved in:
| Other Authors: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford, [England]
Oxford University Press
2002
|
| Edition: | 3. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | xviii, 1227 Seiten Illustrationen 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 0199256098 0199249377 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The Oxford handbook of criminology |c edited by Mike Maguire ... |
| 250 | |a 3. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford, [England] |b Oxford University Press |c 2002 | |
| 300 | |a xviii, 1227 Seiten |b Illustrationen |c 25 cm | ||
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| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Criminologie - Guides, manuels, etc | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Criminologie |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Kriminalität | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | OUTLINE CONTENTS
Notes on Contributors xvii
lntroduction to the third edition 1
PART 1 CRIMINOLOGY: HISTORY AND THEORY
1 Of crimcs and criminals: the development of criminology in
Britain David Garland 7
2 Sociological theories of crime Paul Rock 51
3 Contemporary landscapes of crime, order, and control: governance,
risk, and globalization 1 an Loader and Richard Sparks 83
4 Feminism and criminology Loraine Gelsthorpe 112
5 Criminological psychology Clive R. Hollin 144
6 Comparing criminal justice David Nelken 175
7 The history of crime and crime control institutions Clive Emsley 203
PART 2 THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF CRIME AND
CRIME CONTROL
8 Punishment and control Barbara Hudson 233
9 Legal constructions of crime Nicola Lacey 264
10 The skeletons in the cupboard: the politics of law and order at the
turn of the millennium David Downes and Rod Morgan 286
11 Crime statistics: the data explosion and its implications MrJte Maguire 322
12 Media made criminality: the representation of crime in the mass
media Robert Reiner 376
PART 3 DIMENSIONS OF CRIME
13 Victims Lucia Zedner 419
vi OUTLINE CONTENTS
14 Crime and social exclusion Jock Young 457
15 Gender and crime Frances Heidensohn 491
16 Young people, crime, and youth justice Tim Newburn 531
17 Racism, ethnicity, crime, and criminal justice
Coretta Phillips and Ben Bowling 579
18 Environmental criminology Anthony E. Bottoms and Paul Wiles 620
19 Developmental criminology and risk focused prevention
David P. Farrington 657
20 Crime and the life course David }. Smith 702
21 Mentally disordered offenders, mental health, and crime Jill Peay 746
PART 4 FORMS OF CRIME
22 Violent crime Michael Levi with Mike Maguire 795
23 White collar crime David Nelken 844
24 The organization of serious crimes Michael Levi 878
25 Drugs, alcohol, and crime Nigel South 914
PART 5 REACTIONS TO CRIME
26 Crime reduction Ken Pease 947
27 Policing and the police Ben Bowling and Janet Foster 980
28 From suspect to trial Andrew Sanders and Richard Young 1034
29 Sentencing Andrew Ashworth 1°76
30 Imprisonment: a brief history, the contemporary scene,
and likely prospects Rod Morgan 1 *13
31 Community penalties: probation, punishment, and
what works Peter Raynor l168
Index 1207
DETAILED CONTENTS
Notes on Contributors xvii
INTRODUCTION TO THE THIRD EDITION 1
Mike Maguire, Rod Morgan, and Robert Reiner
PART 1 CRIMINOLOGY: HISTORY AND THEORY
1 OF CRIMES AND CRIMINALS: THE DEVELOPMENT OF
CRIMINOLOGY IN BRITAIN 7
David Garland
Introduction: The Contingent Character of Contemporary Criminology 7
Orientations: A History of the Present 14
Traditional Representations of Crime 17
The Scientific Analysis of Crime in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth
Centuries 19
The Emergence of a Positive Science of the Criminal 25
The Establishment of a Criminological Discipline in Britain 39
Epilogue 44
2 SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF CRIME 51
Paul Rock
Introduction 51
Crime and Control 52
Crime, Control, and Space 61
Radical Criminology 65
Functionalist Criminology 68
Signification 70
Criminology as an Eclectic Discipline 74
Prospects for the Future 75
VÜi DETAILED CONTENTS
3 CONTEMPORARY LANDSCAPES OF CRIME, ORDER,
AND CONTROL: GOVERNANCE, RISK, AND
GLOBALIZATION 83
Ian Loader and Richard Sparte
Introduction 83
Governance °4
Risk 92
Globalization 95
Conclusion: Criminology, Culture , and Public Life 102
4 FEMINISM AND CRIMINOLOGY 112
Loraine Gelsthorpe
Introduction l12
The Intellectual Inheritance of Criminology 116
Feminism Within and Without Criminology: A Review of Interconnections
between Feminism and Criminology 117
Towards a Conclusion 131
5 CRIMINOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY 144
CliveR. Hollin
Introduction 144
The Growth of Psychology 145
Psychology and Criminology: Early Accord 147
Psychology and Criminology: The Parting of the Ways 149
Psychology and Criminology: Little Common Ground 152
Psychology and Criminology: Not on Speaking Terms 157
Psychology and Criminology: Return to Cordiality? 165
Concluding Comment 168
6 COMPARING CRIMINAL JUSTICE 175
David Nelken
Why Study Criminal Justice Comparatively? 176
On Methods of Comparative Research 179
Approaches to Comparison 184
The Control of Prosecution Discretion in Italy: A Case Study 191
!
DETAILED CONTENTS ix
7 THE HISTORY OF CRIME AND CRIME CONTROL
INSTITUTIONS 203
Clive Emsley
Introduction 203
The Extent of Crime 204
The Offender 207
The Police 211
Prosecution and the Courts 218
Punishment 221
Shirts and Contexts 226
PART 2 THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF CRIME
AND CRIME CONTROL
8 PUNISHMENT AND CONTROL 233
Barbara Hudson
Introduction: Criminology, Punishment, and Control 233
Modernism and the Rise of the Prison 235
Modalities of Control 241
Post social Control 246
Mass Imprisonment in the Twenty first Century 250
The Punishment and Control of Women 254
Conclusion: The Future of Control 257
9 LEGAL CONSTRUCTIONS OF CRIME 264
Nicola Lacey
The Relationship between Criminal Law, Criminology, and Criminal
Justice Studies 265
Criminal Law 267
General Principles of Criminal Law: A Critical Assessment 272
Relating Form to Substance: Perspectives from History and the Social
Sciences 275
Contextualizing Criminal Law: Criminological Perspectives 277
The Doctrinal Structure of Criminal Law: Questions for the Social
Sciences 278
From Critical Criminal Law to Criminalization 282
X DETAILED CONTENTS
10 THE SKELETONS IN THE CUPBOARD: THE POLITICS OF LAW
AND ORDER AT THE TURN OF THE MILLENNIUM 286
David Downes and Rod Morgan
Introduction 286
British General Elections and Law and Order 1945 2001 288
Pressure group and Interest group Politics 302
Matters of Scandal and Concern 310
Conclusions 316
11 CRIME STATISTICS: THE DATA EXPLOSION AND ITS
IMPLICATIONS 322
Mike Maguire
Introduction 322
The Data Explosion 324
Recorded Crime 334
Crime Surveys 348
New Directions: The Implications of the Simmons Report 358
The Offender Population 362
Summing Up 368
12 MEDIA MADE CRIMINALITY: THE REPRESENTATION OF CRIME
IN THE MASS MEDIA 376
Robert Reiner
Crime in the Media: Subversion, Social Control, or Mental Chewing Gum? 376
The Content of Media Images of Crime 378
The Consequences of Media Images of Crime 393
The Causesof Media Representations of Crime 402
Observers or Players? The Media and Crime in Postmodernity 406
PART 3 DIMENSIONS OF CRIME
13 VICTIMS 419
Lucia Zedner
Introduction 419
Classical Studies in Victimology 420
Victimization Surveys 421 j
Fearof Crime 425 ¦¦
i
DETAILED CONTENTS xi
Impact ofVictimization 428
The Victim Movement 432
Victims in the Criminal Justice Process 435
The Rise of Restorative Justice 443
Conclusion 447
14 CRIME AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION 457
Jock Young
From Inclusive to Exclusive Society 459
New Labour: New Inclusionism 460
The Social Exclusion Paradigm 465
Including the Excluded 474
Boundaries of Bulimia 475
The Precariousness of Inclusion 478
The Focus upon the Underclass 479
Crime and the Narrowing of Differences 480
Towards a Sociology of Vindictiveness 480
Affirmative and Transformative Inclusion 483
The Changing Means of Social Inclusion 485
Towards a New Politics of Inclusion 486
15 GENDER AND CRIME 491
Frames Heidensohn
The Early History of Gender and Crime 492
Women, Men, and Crime 493
Gender, Crime, and History 497
Feminist Approaches to Criminology 507
Women and Crime 508
Prison for Women 511
Gender and Crime in Late Modernity 514
Condusions: Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass 523
16 YOUNG PEOPLE, CRIME, AND YOUTH JUSTICE 531
Tim Newburn
Images and Theories of Youth and Deviance 532
Young People and Crime 540
The Development of Youth Justice 549
XÜ DETAILED CONTENTS
New Labour, New Youth Justice? 559
Conclusion: Whither Youth Justice? 569
17 RACISM, ETHNICITY, CRIME, AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE 579
Coretta Phillips and Ben Bowling
A Brief History of Race Crime, and Ethnic Minorities in Britain 580
Redrawing the Parameters of the Race and Crime Debate: Victimization
and Offending 582
The Process of Criminalization: Stages in the Criminal Justice Process 593
Explaining Disproportionate Outcomes 609
18 ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMINOLOGY 620
Anthony E. Bottoms and Paul Wiles
Environmental Criminology: A Brief History 621
Preliminary Methodological Issues 624
Explaining the Location of Offences 626
Explaining the Location of Offender Residence 632
Bringing Together Explanations of Offence Locations and Offender
Locations 638
Social Disorganization Revisited 642
Community Change and Crime 644
19 DEVELOPMENTAL CRIMINOLOGY AND RISK FOCUSED
PREVENTION 657
David P. Farrington
Introduction 657
Individual Risk Factors 664
Family Risk Factors 669
School Risk Factors 677
Explaining Development and Risk Factors 680
Risk focused Prevention 682
Conclusions 689
20 CRIME AND THE LIFE COURSE 702
David J. Smith
Problems of Method 703
The Extent ofSpecialization in Offending 706
The Extentof StabilityOver the Life Course 714
1
DETAILED CONTENTS XÜi
The Extent of Change Over the Life Course 715
Explaining Stability 721
Moffitt s Theory of Offender Types 734
Explaining Change 737
Conclusion 738
21 MENTALLY DISORDERED OFFENDERS, MENTAL HEALTH,
AND CRIME 746
Jill Peay
Introduction 746
Policy Development in England and Wales: A Context of Conflicting
Themes 747
Mental Disorder and Offenders: A Case for Special Provision? 751
The Problem of Definition 753
Mentally Disordered Offenders: A Minority Group? 756
Mental Disorder at Trial 765
Mental Disorder, Offending Behaviour, and Treatment 772
Protective Sentencing: Procedural Safeguards v Treatment 781
Condusions 785
PART 4 FORMS OF CRIME
22 VIOLENT CRIME 795
Michael Levi with Mike Maguire
Introduction 795
Attitudes to Violence and Socio legal Constructions of Blame 797
RiskofViolence 802
Explaining Violence 810
Responses to Violence: Recent Trends 828
Conclusions 832
23 WHITE COLLAR CRIME 844
David Nelken
Introduction 844
Seven Types ofAmbiguity 847
White collar Crime as a Contested Concept 848
Is White collar Crime Really Crime? 852
XIV DETAILED CONTENTS
Explaining the Causes of White collar Crime 853
White collar Crime in its Everyday Settings 860
The Ambivalent Response to White collar Crime 863
White collar Crime as an Index of Social Change 869
The Collateral Costs of Control 871
24 THE ORGANIZATION OF SERIOUS CRIMES 8?8
Michael Levi
Introduction 878
Defining Organized Crime 880
Reconceptualizing Organized Crime as Enterprise Crime 885
The Nature of Organized Crime and Its Markets 889
The Control of Organized Crime in the UK and Other Parts of the EU 894
Organized Crime in the UK: Natural Evolution or Responses to Control? 903
25 DRUGS, ALCOHOL, AND CRIME 914
Nigel South
Introduction 914
A Review of Trends in Drug and Alcohol Use: 1950s to 2001 915
The Control of Drugs: Britain and the Global Context 923
Condusions 93(5
PART 5 REACTIONS TO CRIME
26 CRIME REDUCTION 947
Ken Pease
Typologies of Crime Reduction 948
Primary Crime Prevention: Does it Work? 953
Secondary and Tertiary Crime Reduction: Do They Work? 957
Structural Crime Prevention 958
Overall, What Works? 959
Where to Concentrate Crime Reduction Effort: Hot Spots and Repeat
Victimization 960
Crime Reduction: the Infrastructure 963
Making People Want to Reduce Crime 966
Warning Voices 970
The Futureof Crime Reduction 972
1
DETAILED CONTENTS XV
27 POLICING AND THE POLICE 980
Ben Bowling and Janet Foster
Policing and the Police: Definitions and Issues 981
Policing by Government : What Do the Public Police Do? 987
Policing Beyond Government 1002
Globalization and Transnational Police Cooperation 1005
Theorizing Policing in Practice 1009
Police Governance and Accountability: Who Polices the Police? 1015
Conclusion 1019
28 FROM SUSPECT TO TRIAL 1034
Andrew Sanders and Richard Young
Models ofCriminal Justice 1035
Police Decisions On the Street 1037
Detention in the Police Station 1044
Prosecution and Diversion 1052
Pre trial Processes 1059
Reviewing Injustice 1063
Conclusion 1066
29 SENTENCING 1076
Andrew Ashworth
Sentencing and Politics 1076
Rationales for Sentencing 1077
The Mechanics of Sentencing 1083
Custodial Sentencing 1092
Non custodial Sentencing 1099
Sentencing Reform 1105
30 imprisonment: a brief history, the
contemporary scene, and likely prospects 1113
Rod Morgan
Setting the Scene 1113
The Emergence of the Modern Prison and the Use of Imprisonment 1119
The Mission: The Purpose of Imprisonment 1122
Who Are the Prisoners? 1128
Organization, Privatization, and Accountability 1140
Xvi DETAILED CONTENTS
The Sociology of Prisons 1151
Future Prospects 1157
31 COMMUNITY PENALTIES: PROBATION, PUNISHMENT,
AND WHAT WORKS 1168
Peter Raynor
Introduction: Catching the Slippery Fish 1168
Current Community Penalties in England and Wales 1170
Community Penalties in a Changing Penal Landscape: the Eras of
Treatment and Diversion 1172
Community Penalties and Crime Reduction: the Rediscovery of
Rehabilitation 1182
Implementing What Works : Achievements and Problems So Far 1186
Risks, Needs, and Effective Case Management 1190
Methods and Messages: Some More Selections from the Research Agenda 1192
The Future of Community Penalties 1195
Index 1207
|
| adam_txt |
OUTLINE CONTENTS
Notes on Contributors xvii
lntroduction to the third edition 1
PART 1 CRIMINOLOGY: HISTORY AND THEORY
1 Of crimcs and criminals: the development of criminology in
Britain David Garland 7
2 Sociological theories of crime Paul Rock 51
3 Contemporary landscapes of crime, order, and control: governance,
risk, and globalization 1 an Loader and Richard Sparks 83
4 Feminism and criminology Loraine Gelsthorpe 112
5 Criminological psychology Clive R. Hollin 144
6 Comparing criminal justice David Nelken 175
7 The history of crime and crime control institutions Clive Emsley 203
PART 2 THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF CRIME AND
CRIME CONTROL
8 Punishment and control Barbara Hudson 233
9 Legal constructions of crime Nicola Lacey 264
10 The skeletons in the cupboard: the politics of law and order at the
turn of the millennium David Downes and Rod Morgan 286
11 Crime statistics: the 'data explosion' and its implications MrJte Maguire 322
12 Media made criminality: the representation of crime in the mass
media Robert Reiner 376
PART 3 DIMENSIONS OF CRIME
13 Victims Lucia Zedner 419
vi OUTLINE CONTENTS
14 Crime and social exclusion Jock Young 457
15 Gender and crime Frances Heidensohn 491
16 Young people, crime, and youth justice Tim Newburn 531
17 Racism, ethnicity, crime, and criminal justice
Coretta Phillips and Ben Bowling 579
18 Environmental criminology Anthony E. Bottoms and Paul Wiles 620
19 Developmental criminology and risk focused prevention
David P. Farrington 657
20 Crime and the life course David }. Smith 702
21 Mentally disordered offenders, mental health, and crime Jill Peay 746
PART 4 FORMS OF CRIME
22 Violent crime Michael Levi with Mike Maguire 795
23 White collar crime David Nelken 844
24 The organization of serious crimes Michael Levi 878
25 Drugs, alcohol, and crime Nigel South 914
PART 5 REACTIONS TO CRIME
26 Crime reduction Ken Pease 947
27 Policing and the police Ben Bowling and Janet Foster 980
28 From suspect to trial Andrew Sanders and Richard Young 1034
29 Sentencing Andrew Ashworth 1°76
30 Imprisonment: a brief history, the contemporary scene,
and likely prospects Rod Morgan 1 *13
31 Community penalties: probation, punishment, and
'what works' Peter Raynor l168
Index 1207
DETAILED CONTENTS
Notes on Contributors xvii
INTRODUCTION TO THE THIRD EDITION 1
Mike Maguire, Rod Morgan, and Robert Reiner
PART 1 CRIMINOLOGY: HISTORY AND THEORY
1 OF CRIMES AND CRIMINALS: THE DEVELOPMENT OF
CRIMINOLOGY IN BRITAIN 7
David Garland
Introduction: The Contingent Character of Contemporary Criminology 7
Orientations: A History of the Present 14
Traditional Representations of Crime 17
The Scientific Analysis of Crime in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth
Centuries 19
The Emergence of a Positive Science of the Criminal 25
The Establishment of a Criminological Discipline in Britain 39
Epilogue 44
2 SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF CRIME 51
Paul Rock
Introduction 51
Crime and Control 52
Crime, Control, and Space 61
Radical Criminology 65
Functionalist Criminology 68
Signification 70
Criminology as an Eclectic Discipline 74
Prospects for the Future 75
VÜi DETAILED CONTENTS
3 CONTEMPORARY LANDSCAPES OF CRIME, ORDER,
AND CONTROL: GOVERNANCE, RISK, AND
GLOBALIZATION 83
Ian Loader and Richard Sparte
Introduction 83
Governance °4
Risk 92
Globalization 95
Conclusion: Criminology, 'Culture', and Public Life 102
4 FEMINISM AND CRIMINOLOGY 112
Loraine Gelsthorpe
Introduction l12
The Intellectual Inheritance of Criminology 116
Feminism Within and Without Criminology: A Review of Interconnections
between Feminism and Criminology 117
Towards a Conclusion 131
5 CRIMINOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY 144
CliveR. Hollin
Introduction 144
The Growth of Psychology 145
Psychology and Criminology: Early Accord 147
Psychology and Criminology: The Parting of the Ways 149
Psychology and Criminology: Little Common Ground 152
Psychology and Criminology: Not on Speaking Terms 157
Psychology and Criminology: Return to Cordiality? 165
Concluding Comment 168
6 COMPARING CRIMINAL JUSTICE 175
David Nelken
Why Study Criminal Justice Comparatively? 176
On Methods of Comparative Research 179
Approaches to Comparison 184
The Control of Prosecution Discretion in Italy: A Case Study 191
!
DETAILED CONTENTS ix
7 THE HISTORY OF CRIME AND CRIME CONTROL
INSTITUTIONS 203
Clive Emsley
Introduction 203
The Extent of Crime 204
The Offender 207
The Police 211
Prosecution and the Courts 218
Punishment 221
Shirts and Contexts 226
PART 2 THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF CRIME
AND CRIME CONTROL
8 PUNISHMENT AND CONTROL 233
Barbara Hudson
Introduction: Criminology, Punishment, and Control 233
Modernism and the Rise of the Prison 235
Modalities of Control 241
Post social Control 246
Mass Imprisonment in the Twenty first Century 250
The Punishment and Control of Women 254
Conclusion: The Future of Control 257
9 LEGAL CONSTRUCTIONS OF CRIME 264
Nicola Lacey
The Relationship between Criminal Law, Criminology, and Criminal
Justice Studies 265
Criminal Law 267
'General Principles' of Criminal Law: A Critical Assessment 272
Relating Form to Substance: Perspectives from History and the Social
Sciences 275
Contextualizing Criminal Law: Criminological Perspectives 277
The Doctrinal Structure of Criminal Law: Questions for the Social
Sciences 278
From Critical Criminal Law to Criminalization 282
X DETAILED CONTENTS
10 THE SKELETONS IN THE CUPBOARD: THE POLITICS OF LAW
AND ORDER AT THE TURN OF THE MILLENNIUM 286
David Downes and Rod Morgan
Introduction 286
British General Elections and 'Law and Order' 1945 2001 288
Pressure group and Interest group Politics 302
Matters of Scandal and Concern 310
Conclusions 316
11 CRIME STATISTICS: THE 'DATA EXPLOSION' AND ITS
IMPLICATIONS 322
Mike Maguire
Introduction 322
The 'Data Explosion' 324
Recorded Crime 334
Crime Surveys 348
New Directions: The Implications of the Simmons Report 358
The Offender Population 362
Summing Up 368
12 MEDIA MADE CRIMINALITY: THE REPRESENTATION OF CRIME
IN THE MASS MEDIA 376
Robert Reiner
Crime in the Media: Subversion, Social Control, or Mental Chewing Gum? 376
The Content of Media Images of Crime 378
The Consequences of Media Images of Crime 393
The Causesof Media Representations of Crime 402
Observers or Players? The Media and Crime in Postmodernity 406
PART 3 DIMENSIONS OF CRIME
13 VICTIMS 419
Lucia Zedner
Introduction 419
Classical Studies in Victimology 420
Victimization Surveys 421 j
Fearof Crime 425 ¦¦
i
DETAILED CONTENTS xi
Impact ofVictimization 428
The Victim Movement 432
Victims in the Criminal Justice Process 435
The Rise of Restorative Justice 443
Conclusion 447
14 CRIME AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION 457
Jock Young
From Inclusive to Exclusive Society 459
New Labour: New Inclusionism 460
The Social Exclusion Paradigm 465
Including the Excluded 474
Boundaries of Bulimia 475
The Precariousness of Inclusion 478
The Focus upon the Underclass 479
Crime and the Narrowing of Differences 480
Towards a Sociology of Vindictiveness 480
Affirmative and Transformative Inclusion 483
The Changing Means of Social Inclusion 485
Towards a New Politics of Inclusion 486
15 GENDER AND CRIME 491
Frames Heidensohn
The Early History of Gender and Crime 492
Women, Men, and Crime 493
Gender, Crime, and History 497
Feminist Approaches to Criminology 507
Women and Crime 508
Prison for Women 511
Gender and Crime in Late Modernity 514
Condusions: Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass 523
16 YOUNG PEOPLE, CRIME, AND YOUTH JUSTICE 531
Tim Newburn
Images and Theories of 'Youth' and Deviance 532
Young People and Crime 540
The Development of Youth Justice 549
XÜ DETAILED CONTENTS
New Labour, New Youth Justice? 559
Conclusion: Whither Youth Justice? 569
17 RACISM, ETHNICITY, CRIME, AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE 579
Coretta Phillips and Ben Bowling
A Brief History of 'Race\ Crime, and Ethnic Minorities in Britain 580
Redrawing the Parameters of the 'Race and Crime' Debate: Victimization
and Offending 582
The Process of Criminalization: Stages in the Criminal Justice Process 593
Explaining Disproportionate Outcomes 609
18 ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMINOLOGY 620
Anthony E. Bottoms and Paul Wiles
Environmental Criminology: A Brief History 621
Preliminary Methodological Issues 624
Explaining the Location of Offences 626
Explaining the Location of Offender Residence 632
Bringing Together Explanations of Offence Locations and Offender
Locations 638
Social Disorganization Revisited 642
Community Change and Crime 644
19 DEVELOPMENTAL CRIMINOLOGY AND RISK FOCUSED
PREVENTION 657
David P. Farrington
Introduction 657
Individual Risk Factors 664
Family Risk Factors 669
School Risk Factors 677
Explaining Development and Risk Factors 680
Risk focused Prevention 682
Conclusions 689
20 CRIME AND THE LIFE COURSE 702
David J. Smith
Problems of Method 703
The Extent ofSpecialization in Offending 706
The Extentof StabilityOver the Life Course 714
1
DETAILED CONTENTS XÜi
The Extent of Change Over the Life Course 715
Explaining Stability 721
Moffitt's Theory of Offender Types 734
Explaining Change 737
Conclusion 738
21 MENTALLY DISORDERED OFFENDERS, MENTAL HEALTH,
AND CRIME 746
Jill Peay
Introduction 746
Policy Development in England and Wales: A Context of Conflicting
Themes 747
Mental Disorder and Offenders: A Case for Special Provision? 751
The Problem of Definition 753
Mentally Disordered Offenders: A Minority Group? 756
Mental Disorder at Trial 765
Mental Disorder, Offending Behaviour, and Treatment 772
Protective Sentencing: Procedural Safeguards v Treatment 781
Condusions 785
PART 4 FORMS OF CRIME
22 VIOLENT CRIME 795
Michael Levi with Mike Maguire
Introduction 795
Attitudes to Violence and Socio legal Constructions of Blame 797
RiskofViolence 802
Explaining Violence 810
Responses to Violence: Recent Trends 828
Conclusions 832
23 WHITE COLLAR CRIME 844
David Nelken
Introduction 844
Seven Types ofAmbiguity 847
White collar Crime as a Contested Concept 848
Is White collar Crime Really Crime? 852
XIV DETAILED CONTENTS
Explaining the Causes of White collar Crime 853
White collar Crime in its Everyday Settings 860
The Ambivalent Response to White collar Crime 863
White collar Crime as an Index of Social Change 869
The Collateral Costs of Control 871
24 THE ORGANIZATION OF SERIOUS CRIMES 8?8
Michael Levi
Introduction 878
Defining Organized Crime 880
Reconceptualizing Organized Crime as Enterprise Crime 885
The Nature of Organized Crime and 'Its' Markets 889
The Control of Organized Crime in the UK and Other Parts of the EU 894
Organized Crime in the UK: Natural Evolution or Responses to Control? 903
25 DRUGS, ALCOHOL, AND CRIME 914
Nigel South
Introduction 914
A Review of Trends in Drug and Alcohol Use: 1950s to 2001 915
The Control of Drugs: Britain and the Global Context 923
Condusions 93(5
PART 5 REACTIONS TO CRIME
26 CRIME REDUCTION 947
Ken Pease
Typologies of Crime Reduction 948
Primary Crime Prevention: Does it Work? 953
Secondary and Tertiary Crime Reduction: Do They Work? 957
Structural Crime Prevention 958
Overall, What Works? 959
Where to Concentrate Crime Reduction Effort: Hot Spots and Repeat
Victimization 960
Crime Reduction: the Infrastructure 963
Making People Want to Reduce Crime 966
Warning Voices 970
The Futureof Crime Reduction 972
1
DETAILED CONTENTS XV
27 POLICING AND THE POLICE 980
Ben Bowling and Janet Foster
Policing and the Police: Definitions and Issues 981
'Policing by Government': What Do the Public Police Do? 987
'Policing Beyond Government' 1002
Globalization and Transnational Police Cooperation 1005
Theorizing Policing in Practice 1009
Police Governance and Accountability: Who Polices the Police? 1015
Conclusion 1019
28 FROM SUSPECT TO TRIAL 1034
Andrew Sanders and Richard Young
Models ofCriminal Justice 1035
Police Decisions 'On the Street' 1037
Detention in the Police Station 1044
Prosecution and Diversion 1052
Pre trial Processes 1059
Reviewing Injustice 1063
Conclusion 1066
29 SENTENCING 1076
Andrew Ashworth
Sentencing and Politics 1076
Rationales for Sentencing 1077
The Mechanics of Sentencing 1083
Custodial Sentencing 1092
Non custodial Sentencing 1099
Sentencing Reform 1105
30 imprisonment: a brief history, the
contemporary scene, and likely prospects 1113
Rod Morgan
Setting the Scene 1113
The Emergence of the Modern Prison and the Use of Imprisonment 1119
The Mission: The Purpose of Imprisonment 1122
Who Are the Prisoners? 1128
Organization, Privatization, and Accountability 1140
Xvi DETAILED CONTENTS
The Sociology of Prisons 1151
Future Prospects 1157
31 COMMUNITY PENALTIES: PROBATION, PUNISHMENT,
AND'WHAT WORKS' 1168
Peter Raynor
Introduction: Catching the Slippery Fish 1168
Current Community Penalties in England and Wales 1170
Community Penalties in a Changing Penal Landscape: the Eras of
'Treatment' and 'Diversion' 1172
Community Penalties and Crime Reduction: the Rediscovery of
Rehabilitation 1182
Implementing 'What Works': Achievements and Problems So Far 1186
Risks, Needs, and Effective Case Management 1190
Methods and Messages: Some More Selections from the Research Agenda 1192
The Future of Community Penalties 1195
Index 1207 |
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