Holdings: Shaping American telecommunications

Shaping American telecommunications: a history of technology, policy, and economics

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Sterling, Christopher H. 1943- (Author), Bernt, Phyllis (Author), Weiss, Martin B. (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Mahwah, N.J. [u.a.] Erlbaum 2006
Series:	Telecommunications
Subjects:	Geschichte Telecommunication - United States Telecommunication policy - United States Telecommunication > United States Telecommunication policy > United States Telekommunikation USA
Online Access:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Item Description:	Includes bibliographical references and index
Physical Description:	XVIII, 419 S. Ill.
ISBN:	0805822364 0805822372

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adam_text	SHAPING AMERICAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS A HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY, POLICY, AND ECONOMICS CHRISTOPHER H. STERLING GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY PHYLLIS W. BERNT OHIO UNIVERSITY MARTIN B. H. WEISS UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES TAYLOR & FRANCIS CROUP NEW YORK LONDON CONTENTS PREFACE XV ABOUT THE AUTHORS XVII 1 INTRODUCING TELECOMMUNICATIONS 1 1.1 TECHNOLOGYTHE MEANS 2 BASICS 2 TELEPHONE SYSTEMS 4 LOCAL LOOP 6 DIGITAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS 7 HIGH-CAPACITY CHANNELS 8 DATA NETWORKS 10 1.2 ECONOMICSPAYING FOR IT 12 SUPPLY AND DEMAND 12 MARKET STRUCTURE 13 COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS 18 1.3 POLICYBUILDING BOUNDARIES 20 COMMUNICATION COMMON CARRIERS 21 PUBLIC UTILITY CONCEPT 22 LEGAL BASES OF REGULATION 23 CONSTITUTIONAL BASES OF REGULATION 26 REGULATORY THEORIES 27 REGULATORY STRUCTURE 30 JURISDICTIONAL ISSUES 32 VII VLII -# CONTENTS 2 TELEGRAPH TO TELEPHONE (TO 1893) 36 2.1 TECHNOLOGYLIMITS AND OPPORTUNITIES 37 ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY 37 ROLE OF PATENTS 38 2.2 TELEGRAPHYCREATING NEW PATTERNS (TO 1860) 38 MORSE 38 EXTENDING THE TELEGRAPH 40 RAILWAY SYNERGY 41 WESTERN UNION 42 2.3 BUILDING A TELEGRAPH INDUSTRY (1860-76) 43 SUPPORTIVE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT 44 MONOPOLY 45 NETWORK ECONOMICS 47 IMPACT OF INSTANT COMMUNICATION 48 SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHYGOING INTERNATIONAL 49 2.4 TELEPHONYADDING VOICES (1876-85) 50 BELL S DEVICE* NOTHING MUCH NEW 50 SEARCH FOR SUPPORT 51 BUILDING A TELEPHONE SYSTEM 53 PATENT FIGHT 55 2.5 DEVELOPING THE TELEPHONE INDUSTRY (1885-93) 56 FRACTIOUS LOCAL EXCHANGES 56 WESTERN ELECTRIC 57 DEVELOPING AT&T 58 3 ERA OF COMPETITION (1893-1921) 64 3.1 IMPROVING TECHNOLOGIES 65 SWITCHINGCONNECTING EVERYONE 65 AUTOMATIC SWITCHING 66 LONG DISTANCE TRANSMISSION 6 7 WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY AND TELEPHONY 68 PATENT POOL 70 3.2 COMPETITION APPEARS 70 RISE OF THE INDEPENDENTS 71 VAIL AND AT&T CENTRALIZATION 72 BELL S RESPONSE TO COMPETITION 74 3.3 TWISTING PATH OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION 77 INTERCONNECTION 78 MANN-ELKINS ACT 78 1913 ANTITRUST SUIT 79 KINGSBURY COMMITMENT 80 WARTIME GOVERNMENT CONTROL 81 WILLIS-GRAHAM ACT 82 CONTENTS -#- IX 4 REGULATED MONOPOLY (1921-56) 86 4.1 FURTHER TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCE 86 TRANSMISSIONMULTIPLEX 86 TRANSMISSIONMICROWAVE 87 SWITCHING 89 RADIO BROADCASTING 90 TRANSISTORS 91 4.2 ECONOMICS 93 CONCEPTS OF NATURAL MONOPOLY 93 RATE-OF-RETURN REGULATION 95 SEPARATIONS 99 4.3 REGULATIONSETTING A PATTERN 204 RADIO ACT 104 SPLAWN REPORT 104 COMMUNICATIONS ACT 105 FCC TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION 106 WALKER REPORT 107 4.4 ANTITRUST: THE 1949 SUIT 108 1949 COMPLAINT 109 DERAILING THE SUIT 110 1956 FINAL JUDGMENT 112 AFTERMATH 113 5 COMPETITION REAPPEARS (195 6-74) 118 5.1 TECHNOLOGYADDING COMPETITIVE OPTIONS 118 SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS 119 COMPUTER REVOLUTION 120 COMMUNICATION SATELLITES 121 COAXIAL CABLE 123 5.2 TERMINAL EQUIPMENT COMPETITION 124 HUSH-A-PHONE 124 CARTERFONE 125 BELL SYSTEM PCAS 126 FCC CERTIFICATION 126 5.3 OPENING UP TRANSMISSION 227 ABOVE 890 DECISION 127 TELPAK 129 SEVEN-WAY COST STUDY 130 5.4 CREATING SPECIALIZED CARRIERS 132 FORMATION OF MCI 131 APPROVING MCI 133 INTERCONNECTION NEGOTIATIONS 133 MORE APPLICANTS 134 SCC DECISION 134 DOMSATS 135 CONTENTS 5.5 AT&T RESPONDS TO COMPETITION 136 CHANGING IMAGE 137 NARUC SPEECH 137 DEFEATING DATRAN 138 FX SERVICE DECISION 139 GOING PUBLIC 140 6 BREAKING UP BELL (19 74-84) 145 6.1 FILING SUITS 247 MCI BRINGS SUIT 147 JUSTICE FILES ITS CASE 149 AT&T RESPONDS 150 6.2 A DEFINING INTERLUDEEXECUNET 251 A NEW SERVICE 152 FCC VERSUS THE COURT 153 ENFIA 153 6.3 TRIAL AND SETTLEMENT 254 PAPER CHASE 154 ATTEMPTS TO SETTLE 155 TRIAL 156 SETTLEMENT 157 6.4 BREAKUP: DEFINING THE MFJ 258 AGREEMENT 158 DEFINING LOCAL 159 REORGANIZATION 160 LINE OF BUSINESS RESTRICTIONS 162 6.5 BABY BELLS 264 CONCEPTLIMITED REGIONAL POWER 164 PEOPLE 167 6.6 CHANGING ECONOMICS 268 RISING COSTS 168 BYPASS FEAR 170 7 OPERATING UNDER THE MFJ (1984-96) 178 7.1 FREE THE RBOC SEVEN 2 78 PETITIONS FOR CHANGE 179 TRIENNIAL REVIEW 182 DECISION 184 7.1 LONG DISTANCE MARKETPLACE 285 AT&T TRIVESTITURE 186 LUCENT 187 BELL LABS 188 LONG DISTANCE COMPETITION 188 7.3 CHANGING ECONOMIC POLICIES 289 EQUAL ACCESS 190 ACCESS CHARGES AND NECA 193 CONTENTS -#- XI SWITCHED AND SPECIAL ACCESS 194 IMPACT ON UNIVERSAL SERVICE 197 ACCOMMODATING COMPETITION 199 IMPLEMENTING PRICE CAPS 201 7 A TO REGULATE OR NOT TO REGULATE 204 FCC COMPUTER INQUIRIES 204 COMPUTER INQUIRY III AND ONA 208 JURISDICTIONCONGRESS, THE COURTS, OR THE FCC? 210 7.5 EXPORTING DEREGULATION 212 PRIVATIZATION AND LIBERALIZATION 212 MARKET FLEXIBILITY 214 OPENING MARKETS 217 GLOBAL INVESTMENTS, MERGERS, AND JOINT VENTURES 218 TRADE ISSUES AND THE WTO 219 8 INNOVATING NEW SERVICES (198OS/199OS) 228 8.1 DIGITAL AGE 228 BASICS 228 SWITCHES 229 8.2 WIRELESS TELEPHONY 231 EMERGING ROLE OF WIRELESS 231 CELLULAR SYSTEMS 232 CHANGING CELLULAR STANDARDS 233 8.3 MANAGING SPECTRUM 234 IMPLEMENTING LOTTERIES 235 AUCTIONING SPECTRUM 236 AUCTION TROUBLES 237 SPECTRUM TASK FORCE 238 FINDING 3G SPECTRUM 239 8.4 CABLE CONVERGENCE 240 RISE OF CABLE TELEVISION 241 CABLE/TELEPHONE OWNERSHIP 241 FIRST MERGER MOVES 243 BROADBAND GAMBLES 244 8.5 INTERNET AND INFORMATION 246 EARLY INFORMATION SERVICES 246 ARPANET 248 COMMERCIALIZATION 249 DSL VERSUS CABLE MODEMS 249 VOICE OVER IP 253 9 1996 ACT AND AFTERMATH (1996-2000) 258 9.1 WHY CHANGE TOOK SO LONG 259 EARLIER ATTEMPTS 260 1986 DOLE BILL 260 XII - CONTENTS INDUSTRY COMPLEXITY 261 POLITICAL FACTORS 262 9.2 LEGISLATING COMPETITION AND CONVERGENCE 263 (RE)INTRODUCING LOCAL COMPETITION 264 THE WAR OF ALL AGAINST ALL 266 CONVERGENCE? 267 9.3 STREAMLINING GOVERNMENT 268 EASING FCC RULES AND REGULATIONS 268 REDEFINING STATE AND LOCAL ROLES 269 9.4 REDEFINING UNIVERSAL SERVICE 270 CREATING A NATIONAL POLICY 271 . . . AND PAYING FOR IT 273 FROM UNIVERSAL SERVICE TO UNIVERSAL ACCESS? 278 9.5 THE FCC IMPLEMENTS NEW REGULATIONS 279 INTERCONNECTION 279 PRICING GUIDELINES 282 TRIENNIAL REVIEW 284 SECTION 271 PROCEEDINGS 286 9.6 MERGER FEVER 288 RBOC MERGERS 289 BELLCORE 291 RISE OF WORLDCOM 292 9.7 APPEALS, DELAY, DECISIONS, AND IMPACT 294 APPEALS 294 THE COURTS RULE 296 WINNERS AND LOSERS 299 PROSPECTS 301 10 MELTDOWN ... AND THE FUTURE (SINCE 2000) 313 10.1 OVERCAPACITY 314 FIBER LINKS 314 WIRELESS NETWORKS 316 BROADBAND SERVICES 318 POOR PREDICTIONS 319 10.2 ECONOMIC PRESSURE 320 INVESTMENT: FRENZY TO FREEZE 320 STOCK PRICE DECLINES 322 LAYOFFS 323 FRAUD 325 BANKRUPTCY 327 10.3 WAVES OF DISASTER 328 FIRST: DOT.COMS 329 SECOND: MANUFACTURERS 330 THIRD: CLECS 331 FOURTH: INTEREXCHANGE CARRIERS 334 FIFTH: WIRELESS PROVIDERS 335 SMALLER WAVES? 337 CONTENTS -** XIII 10.4 POLICY CONFUSION 338 PROMISE OF THE 1996 ACT 339 TAUZIN-DINGELL DEBATE 339 FCC DEREGULATORY MANTRA 340 AUCTION DEBACLE 342 ANTITRUST AS POLICY 343 10.5 LOOKING TO THE FUTURE 345 CLEARING THE GLUT 345 CONSOLIDATING FURTHER 346 REFORMING MANAGEMENT 348 CONTINUING RESEARCH 349 REVIVING POLICYMAKING 350 SUMMING UP 351 APPENDICES A. REGULATORY CONCEPTS IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS ECONOMICS, FINANCE, AND ACCOUNTING 360 A.I REGULATORY REGIMES 360 A.2 COST ISSUES 367 A.3 PRICING ISSUES 372 B. GLOSSARY 376 C. CHRONOLOGY 384 D. HISTORICAL STATISTICS 394 REFERENCES 398 AUTHOR INDEX 411 SUBJECT INDEX 415
adam_txt	SHAPING AMERICAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS A HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY, POLICY, AND ECONOMICS CHRISTOPHER H. STERLING GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY PHYLLIS W. BERNT OHIO UNIVERSITY MARTIN B. H. WEISS UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES TAYLOR & FRANCIS CROUP NEW YORK LONDON CONTENTS PREFACE XV ABOUT THE AUTHORS XVII 1 INTRODUCING TELECOMMUNICATIONS 1 1.1 TECHNOLOGYTHE MEANS 2 BASICS 2 TELEPHONE SYSTEMS 4 LOCAL LOOP 6 DIGITAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS 7 HIGH-CAPACITY CHANNELS 8 DATA NETWORKS 10 1.2 ECONOMICSPAYING FOR IT 12 SUPPLY AND DEMAND 12 MARKET STRUCTURE 13 COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS 18 1.3 POLICYBUILDING BOUNDARIES 20 COMMUNICATION COMMON CARRIERS 21 PUBLIC UTILITY CONCEPT 22 LEGAL BASES OF REGULATION 23 CONSTITUTIONAL BASES OF REGULATION 26 REGULATORY THEORIES 27 REGULATORY STRUCTURE 30 JURISDICTIONAL ISSUES 32 VII VLII -# CONTENTS 2 TELEGRAPH TO TELEPHONE (TO 1893) 36 2.1 TECHNOLOGYLIMITS AND OPPORTUNITIES 37 ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY 37 ROLE OF PATENTS 38 2.2 TELEGRAPHYCREATING NEW PATTERNS (TO 1860) 38 MORSE 38 EXTENDING THE TELEGRAPH 40 RAILWAY SYNERGY 41 WESTERN UNION 42 2.3 BUILDING A TELEGRAPH INDUSTRY (1860-76) 43 SUPPORTIVE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT 44 MONOPOLY 45 NETWORK ECONOMICS 47 IMPACT OF INSTANT COMMUNICATION 48 SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHYGOING INTERNATIONAL 49 2.4 TELEPHONYADDING VOICES (1876-85) 50 BELL'S DEVICE"NOTHING MUCH NEW" 50 SEARCH FOR SUPPORT 51 BUILDING A TELEPHONE SYSTEM 53 PATENT FIGHT 55 2.5 DEVELOPING THE TELEPHONE INDUSTRY (1885-93) 56 FRACTIOUS LOCAL EXCHANGES 56 WESTERN ELECTRIC 57 DEVELOPING AT&T 58 3 ERA OF COMPETITION (1893-1921) 64 3.1 IMPROVING TECHNOLOGIES 65 SWITCHINGCONNECTING EVERYONE 65 AUTOMATIC SWITCHING 66 LONG DISTANCE TRANSMISSION 6 7 WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY AND TELEPHONY 68 PATENT POOL 70 3.2 COMPETITION APPEARS 70 RISE OF THE "INDEPENDENTS" 71 VAIL AND AT&T CENTRALIZATION 72 BELL'S RESPONSE TO COMPETITION 74 3.3 TWISTING PATH OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION 77 INTERCONNECTION 78 MANN-ELKINS ACT 78 1913 ANTITRUST SUIT 79 KINGSBURY COMMITMENT 80 WARTIME GOVERNMENT CONTROL 81 WILLIS-GRAHAM ACT 82 CONTENTS -#- IX 4 REGULATED MONOPOLY (1921-56) 86 4.1 FURTHER TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCE 86 TRANSMISSIONMULTIPLEX 86 TRANSMISSIONMICROWAVE 87 SWITCHING 89 RADIO BROADCASTING 90 TRANSISTORS 91 4.2 ECONOMICS 93 CONCEPTS OF "NATURAL MONOPOLY" 93 RATE-OF-RETURN REGULATION 95 SEPARATIONS 99 4.3 REGULATIONSETTING A PATTERN 204 RADIO ACT 104 SPLAWN REPORT 104 COMMUNICATIONS ACT 105 FCC TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION 106 WALKER REPORT 107 4.4 ANTITRUST: THE 1949 SUIT 108 1949 COMPLAINT 109 DERAILING THE SUIT 110 1956 FINAL JUDGMENT 112 AFTERMATH 113 5 COMPETITION REAPPEARS (195 6-74) 118 5.1 TECHNOLOGYADDING COMPETITIVE OPTIONS 118 SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS 119 COMPUTER REVOLUTION 120 COMMUNICATION SATELLITES 121 COAXIAL CABLE 123 5.2 TERMINAL EQUIPMENT COMPETITION 124 HUSH-A-PHONE 124 CARTERFONE 125 BELL SYSTEM PCAS 126 FCC CERTIFICATION 126 5.3 OPENING UP TRANSMISSION 227 ABOVE 890 DECISION 127 TELPAK 129 SEVEN-WAY COST STUDY 130 5.4 CREATING SPECIALIZED CARRIERS 132 FORMATION OF MCI 131 APPROVING MCI 133 INTERCONNECTION NEGOTIATIONS 133 MORE APPLICANTS 134 SCC DECISION 134 DOMSATS 135 CONTENTS 5.5 AT&T RESPONDS TO COMPETITION 136 CHANGING IMAGE 137 NARUC SPEECH 137 DEFEATING DATRAN 138 FX SERVICE DECISION 139 GOING PUBLIC 140 6 BREAKING UP BELL (19 74-84) 145 6.1 FILING SUITS 247 MCI BRINGS SUIT 147 JUSTICE FILES ITS CASE 149 AT&T RESPONDS 150 6.2 A DEFINING INTERLUDEEXECUNET 251 A NEW SERVICE 152 FCC VERSUS THE COURT 153 ENFIA 153 6.3 TRIAL AND SETTLEMENT 254 PAPER CHASE 154 ATTEMPTS TO SETTLE 155 TRIAL 156 SETTLEMENT 157 6.4 BREAKUP: DEFINING THE MFJ 258 AGREEMENT 158 DEFINING "LOCAL" 159 REORGANIZATION 160 LINE OF BUSINESS RESTRICTIONS 162 6.5 BABY BELLS 264 CONCEPTLIMITED REGIONAL POWER 164 PEOPLE 167 6.6 CHANGING ECONOMICS 268 RISING COSTS 168 BYPASS FEAR 170 7 OPERATING UNDER THE MFJ (1984-96) 178 7.1 "FREE THE RBOC SEVEN" 2 78 PETITIONS FOR CHANGE 179 TRIENNIAL REVIEW 182 DECISION 184 7.1 LONG DISTANCE MARKETPLACE 285 AT&T TRIVESTITURE 186 LUCENT 187 BELL LABS 188 LONG DISTANCE COMPETITION 188 7.3 CHANGING ECONOMIC POLICIES 289 EQUAL ACCESS 190 ACCESS CHARGES AND NECA 193 CONTENTS -#- XI SWITCHED AND SPECIAL ACCESS 194 IMPACT ON UNIVERSAL SERVICE 197 ACCOMMODATING COMPETITION 199 IMPLEMENTING PRICE CAPS 201 7 A TO REGULATE OR NOT TO REGULATE 204 FCC COMPUTER INQUIRIES 204 COMPUTER INQUIRY III AND ONA 208 JURISDICTIONCONGRESS, THE COURTS, OR THE FCC? 210 7.5 EXPORTING DEREGULATION 212 PRIVATIZATION AND LIBERALIZATION 212 MARKET FLEXIBILITY 214 OPENING MARKETS 217 GLOBAL INVESTMENTS, MERGERS, AND JOINT VENTURES 218 TRADE ISSUES AND THE WTO 219 8 INNOVATING NEW SERVICES (198OS/199OS) 228 8.1 DIGITAL AGE 228 BASICS 228 SWITCHES 229 8.2 WIRELESS TELEPHONY 231 EMERGING ROLE OF WIRELESS 231 CELLULAR SYSTEMS 232 CHANGING CELLULAR STANDARDS 233 8.3 MANAGING SPECTRUM 234 IMPLEMENTING LOTTERIES 235 AUCTIONING SPECTRUM 236 AUCTION TROUBLES 237 SPECTRUM TASK FORCE 238 FINDING 3G SPECTRUM 239 8.4 CABLE CONVERGENCE 240 RISE OF CABLE TELEVISION 241 CABLE/TELEPHONE OWNERSHIP 241 FIRST MERGER MOVES 243 BROADBAND GAMBLES 244 8.5 INTERNET AND INFORMATION 246 EARLY INFORMATION SERVICES 246 ARPANET 248 COMMERCIALIZATION 249 DSL VERSUS CABLE MODEMS 249 VOICE OVER IP 253 9 1996 ACT AND AFTERMATH (1996-2000) 258 9.1 WHY CHANGE TOOK SO LONG 259 EARLIER ATTEMPTS 260 1986 DOLE BILL 260 XII "- CONTENTS INDUSTRY COMPLEXITY 261 POLITICAL FACTORS 262 9.2 LEGISLATING COMPETITION AND CONVERGENCE 263 (RE)INTRODUCING LOCAL COMPETITION 264 THE "WAR OF ALL AGAINST ALL" 266 CONVERGENCE? 267 9.3 STREAMLINING GOVERNMENT 268 EASING FCC RULES AND REGULATIONS 268 REDEFINING STATE AND LOCAL ROLES 269 9.4 REDEFINING UNIVERSAL SERVICE 270 CREATING A NATIONAL POLICY 271 . . . AND PAYING FOR IT 273 FROM UNIVERSAL SERVICE TO UNIVERSAL ACCESS? 278 9.5 THE FCC IMPLEMENTS NEW REGULATIONS 279 INTERCONNECTION 279 PRICING GUIDELINES 282 TRIENNIAL REVIEW 284 SECTION 271 PROCEEDINGS 286 9.6 MERGER FEVER 288 RBOC MERGERS 289 BELLCORE 291 RISE OF WORLDCOM 292 9.7 APPEALS, DELAY, DECISIONS, AND IMPACT 294 APPEALS 294 THE COURTS RULE 296 WINNERS AND LOSERS 299 PROSPECTS 301 10 MELTDOWN . AND THE FUTURE (SINCE 2000) 313 10.1 OVERCAPACITY 314 FIBER LINKS 314 WIRELESS NETWORKS 316 BROADBAND SERVICES 318 POOR PREDICTIONS 319 10.2 ECONOMIC PRESSURE 320 INVESTMENT: FRENZY TO FREEZE 320 STOCK PRICE DECLINES 322 LAYOFFS 323 FRAUD 325 BANKRUPTCY 327 10.3 WAVES OF DISASTER 328 FIRST: DOT.COMS 329 SECOND: MANUFACTURERS 330 THIRD: CLECS 331 FOURTH: INTEREXCHANGE CARRIERS 334 FIFTH: WIRELESS PROVIDERS 335 SMALLER WAVES? 337 CONTENTS -* XIII 10.4 POLICY CONFUSION 338 "PROMISE" OF THE 1996 ACT 339 TAUZIN-DINGELL DEBATE 339 FCC DEREGULATORY MANTRA 340 AUCTION DEBACLE 342 ANTITRUST AS POLICY 343 10.5 LOOKING TO THE FUTURE 345 CLEARING THE GLUT 345 CONSOLIDATING FURTHER 346 REFORMING MANAGEMENT 348 CONTINUING RESEARCH 349 REVIVING POLICYMAKING 350 SUMMING UP 351 APPENDICES A. REGULATORY CONCEPTS IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS ECONOMICS, FINANCE, AND ACCOUNTING 360 A.I REGULATORY REGIMES 360 A.2 COST ISSUES 367 A.3 PRICING ISSUES 372 B. GLOSSARY 376 C. CHRONOLOGY 384 D. HISTORICAL STATISTICS 394 REFERENCES 398 AUTHOR INDEX 411 SUBJECT INDEX 415
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geographic	USA USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd
geographic_facet	USA
id	DE-604.BV021321781
illustrated	Illustrated
index_date	2024-07-02T13:59:09Z
indexdate	2024-07-09T20:35:37Z
institution	BVB
isbn	0805822364 0805822372
language	English
lccn	2005045616
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014642166
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owner	DE-12 DE-11
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physical	XVIII, 419 S. Ill.
publishDate	2006
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publisher	Erlbaum
record_format	marc
series2	Telecommunications
spelling	Sterling, Christopher H. 1943- Verfasser (DE-588)143051660 aut Shaping American telecommunications a history of technology, policy, and economics Christopher H. Sterling ; Phyllis Bernt ; Martin Weiss Mahwah, N.J. [u.a.] Erlbaum 2006 XVIII, 419 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Telecommunications Includes bibliographical references and index Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Telecommunication - United States Telecommunication policy - United States Telecommunication United States Telecommunication policy United States Telekommunikation (DE-588)4059360-5 gnd rswk-swf USA USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Telekommunikation (DE-588)4059360-5 s Geschichte z DE-604 Bernt, Phyllis Verfasser aut Weiss, Martin B. Verfasser aut SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014642166&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Sterling, Christopher H. 1943- Bernt, Phyllis Weiss, Martin B. Shaping American telecommunications a history of technology, policy, and economics Telecommunication - United States Telecommunication policy - United States Telecommunication United States Telecommunication policy United States Telekommunikation (DE-588)4059360-5 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4059360-5 (DE-588)4078704-7
title	Shaping American telecommunications a history of technology, policy, and economics
title_auth	Shaping American telecommunications a history of technology, policy, and economics
title_exact_search	Shaping American telecommunications a history of technology, policy, and economics
title_exact_search_txtP	Shaping American telecommunications a history of technology, policy, and economics
title_full	Shaping American telecommunications a history of technology, policy, and economics Christopher H. Sterling ; Phyllis Bernt ; Martin Weiss
title_fullStr	Shaping American telecommunications a history of technology, policy, and economics Christopher H. Sterling ; Phyllis Bernt ; Martin Weiss
title_full_unstemmed	Shaping American telecommunications a history of technology, policy, and economics Christopher H. Sterling ; Phyllis Bernt ; Martin Weiss
title_short	Shaping American telecommunications
title_sort	shaping american telecommunications a history of technology policy and economics
title_sub	a history of technology, policy, and economics
topic	Telecommunication - United States Telecommunication policy - United States Telecommunication United States Telecommunication policy United States Telekommunikation (DE-588)4059360-5 gnd
topic_facet	Telecommunication - United States Telecommunication policy - United States Telecommunication United States Telecommunication policy United States Telekommunikation USA
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014642166&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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