Use of compost for crop production in Pakistan:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Witzenhausen
Univ. Kassel, Fachgebiet Landschaftsökologie und Naturschutz
2005
|
| Series: | Ökologie und Umweltsicherung
26 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in dt. Sprache |
| Physical Description: | 203 S. graph. Darst. |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804135072045989888 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | LIST OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction 1
2. Review of literature 6
2.1 Compost, uses of compost and organic matter, benefits of 6
compost, composting materials, various methods of composting
and factor affecting process of composting
2.1.1 Compost 6
2.1.2 Usage of organic matter in normal and salt affected soils 7
2.1.3 Benefits of compost 8
2.1.4 Compost materials 9
2.1.5 Various methods of compost production 9
2.1.6 Alternate composting message 11
2.1.7 Essential factors affecting compost formation 13
2.1.8 Manures for organic crop production 16
2.1.9 Raw manure Use: Problems Solutions 17
2.1.10 Composted manures 17
2.1.11 Prospects for fertilizer use 17
2.1.12 Green Manure crop and Intercropping 18
2.1.13 Farmyard manure and household waste 18
2.2 Effect of compost, FYM, green manures and chemical fertilizers 18
on yield and yield components of crops
2.2.1 Effect of organic materials on rice crop 18
2.2.2 Effect of organic materials on wheat crop 22
2.23 Effect of organic materials on rice wheat cropping system 24
2.2.4 Effect of organic materials on other crops 26
2.3 Effect of compost, FYM, green manures and chemical fertilizers on 28
nutrient uptake
2.4 Effect of compost, FYM, green manures and chemical fertilizers on 32
soil properties
3. Materials and methods 42
3.1 Composting 42
3.2 Experimental soil 42
3.3 Methodology for pot experiments 44
3.4 Site selections for field experiments 47
3.5 Irrigation waters 49
3.6 Crops, cultural practices, fertilizer and crop data 49
3.6.1 Pot experiments 49
3.6.2 Field experiments 50
3.7 Analytical Procedures 50
3.7.1 Soil Analysis 50
3.7.2 Water analysis 53
3.7.3 Plant analysis 53
3.7.4 Statistical Analysis 54
4. RESULTS 55
4.1 Study I: Efficacy of compost for rice wheat cropping system under 55
normal soil conditions
4.1.1 Comparison of compost and other organic materials for impact 55
on crop yields and fertility status of normal soil
4.1.1.1 Yield and yield components 55
4.1.1.1.1 Maximum Plant Height 55
4.1.1.1.2 Number of Fertile Tillers Plant 1 56
4.1.1.1.3 Weight of 1000 grains 56
4.1.1.1.4 Total Biomass 57
4.1.1.1.5 Grain yield 57
4.1.1.2 Chemical characteristics of soil 60
4.1.1.2.1 SoilpH, 60
4.1.1.2.2 Electrical Conductivity (EC.) 60
4.1.1.2.3 Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) 60
4.1.1.2.4 Organic Matter and Nitrogen 61
4.1.1.2.5 Available Phosphorus 61
4.1.1.2.6 Water Soluble Potassium 64
4.1.1.3 Chemical composition of plants 64
4.1.1.3.1 Total Nitrogen 64
4.1.1.3.2 Total Phosphorus 65
4.1.1.3.3 Total Potash 67
4.1.1.3.4 Calcium 68
4.1.1.3.5 Magnesium 70
4.1.1.3.6 Sodium 71
4.1.2 Selection of the appropriate level of compost and chemical 74
fertilizer to produce rice and wheat crops in normal soil
4.1.2.1 Yield and yield components 74
4.1.2.1.1 Maximum Plant Height 74
4.1.2.1.2 Number of Fertile Tillers Plant 1 74
4.1.2.1.3 Weight of 1000 grains 74
4.1.2.1.4 Total Biomass 75
4.1.2.1.5 Grain yield 75
4.1.2.2 Chemical characteristics of soil 78
4.1.2.2.1 SoilpH, 78
4.1.2.2.2 Electrical Conductivity (ECe) 78
4.1.2.2.3 Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) 78
4.1.2.2.4 Organic Matter and Nitrogen 81
4.1.2.2.5 Available Phosphorus 81
4.1.2.2.6 Water Soluble Potassium 82
4.1.2.3 Chemical composition of plants 82
4.1.2.3.1 Total Nitrogen 82
4.1.2.3.2 Total Phosphorus 83
4.1.2.3.3 Total Potash 83
4.1.2.3.4 Calcium 86
4.1.2.3.5 Magnesium 87
4.1.2.3.6 Sodium 87
4.2 Study II: Role of compost in reclamation of moderately 90
salt affected soils
4.2.1 Evaluation of the comparative efficiency of compost, farmyard 90
manure and sesbania
4.2.1.1 Yield and yield components 90
4.2.1.1.1 Maximum Plant Height 90
4.2.1.1.2 Number of Fertile Tillers Plant 1 92
4.2.1.1.3 Weight of 1000 grains 92
4.2.1.1.4 Total Biomass 94
4.2.1.1.5 Grain yield 94
4.2.1.2 Chemical characteristics of soil 95
4.2.1.2.1 SoilpHs 95
4.2.1.2.2 Electrical Conductivity (ECe) 97
4.2.1.2.3 Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) 97
4.2.1.2.4 Organic Matter and Nitrogen 99
4.2.1.2.5 Available Phosphorus 99
4.2.1.2.8 Water Soluble Potassium 100
4.2.1.3 Chemical composition of plants 100
4.2.1.3.1 Total Nitrogen 100
4.2.1.3.2 Total Phosphorus 101
4.2.1.3.3 Total Potash 104
4.2.1.3.4 Calcium 105
4.2.1.3.5 Magnesium 106
4.2.1.3.6 Sodium 106
4.2.2 Assessing the best level of compost alone or in combination
With chemical fertilizer for the improvement of soil health 109
4.2.2.1 Yield and yield components 109
4.2.2.1.1 Maximum Plant Height 109
4.2.2.1.2 Number of Fertile Tillers Plant1 110
4.2.2.1.3 Weight of 1000 grains 110
4.2.2.1.4 Total Biomass 113
4.2.2.1.5 Grain yield 113
4.2.2.2 Chemical characteristics of soil 113
4.2.2.2.1 SoilpH, 113
4.2.2.2.2 Electrical Conductivity (ECe) 115
4.2.2.23 Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) 115
4.2.2.2.4 Organic Matter and Nitrogen 116
4.2.2.2.5 Available Phosphorus 116
4.2.2.2.6 Water Soluble Potassium 118
4.2.2.3 Chemical composition of plants 118
4.2.2.3.1 Total Nitrogen 118
4.2.2.3.2 Total Phosphorus 121
4.2.2.3.3 Total Potash 121
4.2.2.3.4 Calcium 122
4.2.2.3.5 Magnesium 125
4.2.2.3.6 Sodium 125
5. DISCUSSION 127
5.1 Rationale for Selection of Crop Rotation 127
5.2 Chemical Characteristics of Soil 127
5.2.1 Soil pHs 127
5.2.2 Soil Electrical Conductivity 130
5.2.3 Soil SAR 138
5.2.4 Soil Organic Matter 139
5.2.5 Available Phosphorus 141
5.2.6 Water Soluble Potassium 144
5.3 Chemical Composition of Plants 145
5.3.1 Major Nutrients (N, P K) uptake 145
5.3.2 Secondary Nutrients (Ca Mg) uptake 151
5.4 Yield and Yield Parameters 154
5.5 Economics of Field Experiments 160
5.5.1 Study I 160
5.5.2 Study II 162
6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 166
6.1 Conclusions 172
6.2 Recommendations for Farmers 172
6.3 Future Line of Action 173
7. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG UND SCHLUSSBETRACHTUNG 174
7.1 Schlussbetrachtung 182
7.2 Empfehlungen fur Landwirte 182
7.3 Zukiinftige Handlungsweise 183
Literature cited 184
Appendices 195
|
| adam_txt |
LIST OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction 1
2. Review of literature 6
2.1 Compost, uses of compost and organic matter, benefits of 6
compost, composting materials, various methods of composting
and factor affecting process of composting
2.1.1 Compost 6
2.1.2 Usage of organic matter in normal and salt affected soils 7
2.1.3 Benefits of compost 8
2.1.4 Compost materials 9
2.1.5 Various methods of compost production 9
2.1.6 Alternate composting message 11
2.1.7 Essential factors affecting compost formation 13
2.1.8 Manures for organic crop production 16
2.1.9 Raw manure Use: Problems Solutions 17
2.1.10 Composted manures 17
2.1.11 Prospects for fertilizer use 17
2.1.12 Green Manure crop and Intercropping 18
2.1.13 Farmyard manure and household waste 18
2.2 Effect of compost, FYM, green manures and chemical fertilizers 18
on yield and yield components of crops
2.2.1 Effect of organic materials on rice crop 18
2.2.2 Effect of organic materials on wheat crop 22
2.23 Effect of organic materials on rice wheat cropping system 24
2.2.4 Effect of organic materials on other crops 26
2.3 Effect of compost, FYM, green manures and chemical fertilizers on 28
nutrient uptake
2.4 Effect of compost, FYM, green manures and chemical fertilizers on 32
soil properties
3. Materials and methods 42
3.1 Composting 42
3.2 Experimental soil 42
3.3 Methodology for pot experiments 44
3.4 Site selections for field experiments 47
3.5 Irrigation waters 49
3.6 Crops, cultural practices, fertilizer and crop data 49
3.6.1 Pot experiments 49
3.6.2 Field experiments 50
3.7 Analytical Procedures 50
3.7.1 Soil Analysis 50
3.7.2 Water analysis 53
3.7.3 Plant analysis 53
3.7.4 Statistical Analysis 54
4. RESULTS 55
4.1 Study I: Efficacy of compost for rice wheat cropping system under 55
normal soil conditions
4.1.1 Comparison of compost and other organic materials for impact 55
on crop yields and fertility status of normal soil
4.1.1.1 Yield and yield components 55
4.1.1.1.1 Maximum Plant Height 55
4.1.1.1.2 Number of Fertile Tillers Plant"1 56
4.1.1.1.3 Weight of 1000 grains 56
4.1.1.1.4 Total Biomass 57
4.1.1.1.5 Grain yield 57
4.1.1.2 Chemical characteristics of soil 60
4.1.1.2.1 SoilpH, 60
4.1.1.2.2 Electrical Conductivity (EC.) 60
4.1.1.2.3 Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) 60
4.1.1.2.4 Organic Matter and Nitrogen 61
4.1.1.2.5 Available Phosphorus 61
4.1.1.2.6 Water Soluble Potassium 64
4.1.1.3 Chemical composition of plants 64
4.1.1.3.1 Total Nitrogen 64
4.1.1.3.2 Total Phosphorus 65
4.1.1.3.3 Total Potash 67
4.1.1.3.4 Calcium 68
4.1.1.3.5 Magnesium 70
4.1.1.3.6 Sodium 71
4.1.2 Selection of the appropriate level of compost and chemical 74
fertilizer to produce rice and wheat crops in normal soil
4.1.2.1 Yield and yield components 74
4.1.2.1.1 Maximum Plant Height 74
4.1.2.1.2 Number of Fertile Tillers Plant"1 74
4.1.2.1.3 Weight of 1000 grains 74
4.1.2.1.4 Total Biomass 75
4.1.2.1.5 Grain yield 75
4.1.2.2 Chemical characteristics of soil 78
4.1.2.2.1 SoilpH, 78
4.1.2.2.2 Electrical Conductivity (ECe) 78
4.1.2.2.3 Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) 78
4.1.2.2.4 Organic Matter and Nitrogen 81
4.1.2.2.5 Available Phosphorus 81
4.1.2.2.6 Water Soluble Potassium 82
4.1.2.3 Chemical composition of plants 82
4.1.2.3.1 Total Nitrogen 82
4.1.2.3.2 Total Phosphorus 83
4.1.2.3.3 Total Potash 83
4.1.2.3.4 Calcium 86
4.1.2.3.5 Magnesium 87
4.1.2.3.6 Sodium 87
4.2 Study II: Role of compost in reclamation of moderately 90
salt affected soils
4.2.1 Evaluation of the comparative efficiency of compost, farmyard 90
manure and sesbania
4.2.1.1 Yield and yield components 90
4.2.1.1.1 Maximum Plant Height 90
4.2.1.1.2 Number of Fertile Tillers Plant"1 92
4.2.1.1.3 Weight of 1000 grains 92
4.2.1.1.4 Total Biomass 94
4.2.1.1.5 Grain yield 94
4.2.1.2 Chemical characteristics of soil 95
4.2.1.2.1 SoilpHs 95
4.2.1.2.2 Electrical Conductivity (ECe) 97
4.2.1.2.3 Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) 97
4.2.1.2.4 Organic Matter and Nitrogen 99
4.2.1.2.5 Available Phosphorus 99
4.2.1.2.8 Water Soluble Potassium 100
4.2.1.3 Chemical composition of plants 100
4.2.1.3.1 Total Nitrogen 100
4.2.1.3.2 Total Phosphorus 101
4.2.1.3.3 Total Potash 104
4.2.1.3.4 Calcium 105
4.2.1.3.5 Magnesium 106
4.2.1.3.6 Sodium 106
4.2.2 Assessing the best level of compost alone or in combination
With chemical fertilizer for the improvement of soil health 109
4.2.2.1 Yield and yield components 109
4.2.2.1.1 Maximum Plant Height 109
4.2.2.1.2 Number of Fertile Tillers Plant1 110
4.2.2.1.3 Weight of 1000 grains 110
4.2.2.1.4 Total Biomass 113
4.2.2.1.5 Grain yield 113
4.2.2.2 Chemical characteristics of soil 113
4.2.2.2.1 SoilpH, 113
4.2.2.2.2 Electrical Conductivity (ECe) 115
4.2.2.23 Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) 115
4.2.2.2.4 Organic Matter and Nitrogen 116
4.2.2.2.5 Available Phosphorus 116
4.2.2.2.6 Water Soluble Potassium 118
4.2.2.3 Chemical composition of plants 118
4.2.2.3.1 Total Nitrogen 118
4.2.2.3.2 Total Phosphorus 121
4.2.2.3.3 Total Potash 121
4.2.2.3.4 Calcium 122
4.2.2.3.5 Magnesium 125
4.2.2.3.6 Sodium 125
5. DISCUSSION 127
5.1 Rationale for Selection of Crop Rotation 127
5.2 Chemical Characteristics of Soil 127
5.2.1 Soil pHs 127
5.2.2 Soil Electrical Conductivity 130
5.2.3 Soil SAR 138
5.2.4 Soil Organic Matter 139
5.2.5 Available Phosphorus 141
5.2.6 Water Soluble Potassium 144
5.3 Chemical Composition of Plants 145
5.3.1 Major Nutrients (N, P K) uptake 145
5.3.2 Secondary Nutrients (Ca Mg) uptake 151
5.4 Yield and Yield Parameters 154
5.5 Economics of Field Experiments 160
5.5.1 Study I 160
5.5.2 Study II 162
6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 166
6.1 Conclusions 172
6.2 Recommendations for Farmers 172
6.3 Future Line of Action 173
7. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG UND SCHLUSSBETRACHTUNG 174
7.1 Schlussbetrachtung 182
7.2 Empfehlungen fur Landwirte 182
7.3 Zukiinftige Handlungsweise 183
Literature cited 184
Appendices 195 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Sarwar, Ghulam |
| author_facet | Sarwar, Ghulam |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Sarwar, Ghulam |
| author_variant | g s gs |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV021284000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)162252155 (DE-599)BVBBV021284000 |
| dewey-full | 633.118975095491 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 633 - Field and plantation crops |
| dewey-raw | 633.118975095491 |
| dewey-search | 633.118975095491 |
| dewey-sort | 3633.118975095491 |
| dewey-tens | 630 - Agriculture and related technologies |
| discipline | Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau |
| discipline_str_mv | Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Pakistan (DE-588)4075812-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Pakistan |
| id | DE-604.BV021284000 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T13:47:58Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:34:41Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014604953 |
| oclc_num | 162252155 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-634 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-634 DE-11 |
| physical | 203 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publishDateSearch | 2005 |
| publishDateSort | 2005 |
| publisher | Univ. Kassel, Fachgebiet Landschaftsökologie und Naturschutz |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Ökologie und Umweltsicherung |
| series2 | Ökologie und Umweltsicherung |
| spelling | Sarwar, Ghulam Verfasser aut Use of compost for crop production in Pakistan Ghulam Sarwar Witzenhausen Univ. Kassel, Fachgebiet Landschaftsökologie und Naturschutz 2005 203 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ökologie und Umweltsicherung 26 Zsfassung in dt. Sprache Zugl.: Kassel, Univ., Diss., 2005 Kompostdüngung (DE-588)4235403-1 gnd rswk-swf Reisanbau (DE-588)4129532-8 gnd rswk-swf Weizenanbau (DE-588)4065288-9 gnd rswk-swf Pakistan (DE-588)4075812-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Pakistan (DE-588)4075812-6 g Kompostdüngung (DE-588)4235403-1 s Reisanbau (DE-588)4129532-8 s DE-604 Weizenanbau (DE-588)4065288-9 s b DE-604 Ökologie und Umweltsicherung 26 (DE-604)BV006635529 26 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014604953&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Sarwar, Ghulam Use of compost for crop production in Pakistan Ökologie und Umweltsicherung Kompostdüngung (DE-588)4235403-1 gnd Reisanbau (DE-588)4129532-8 gnd Weizenanbau (DE-588)4065288-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4235403-1 (DE-588)4129532-8 (DE-588)4065288-9 (DE-588)4075812-6 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Use of compost for crop production in Pakistan |
| title_auth | Use of compost for crop production in Pakistan |
| title_exact_search | Use of compost for crop production in Pakistan |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Use of compost for crop production in Pakistan |
| title_full | Use of compost for crop production in Pakistan Ghulam Sarwar |
| title_fullStr | Use of compost for crop production in Pakistan Ghulam Sarwar |
| title_full_unstemmed | Use of compost for crop production in Pakistan Ghulam Sarwar |
| title_short | Use of compost for crop production in Pakistan |
| title_sort | use of compost for crop production in pakistan |
| topic | Kompostdüngung (DE-588)4235403-1 gnd Reisanbau (DE-588)4129532-8 gnd Weizenanbau (DE-588)4065288-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kompostdüngung Reisanbau Weizenanbau Pakistan Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014604953&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV006635529 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sarwarghulam useofcompostforcropproductioninpakistan |