The law and policy of the World Trade Organization: text, cases and materials
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2005
|
| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Table of contents Publisher description Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXXVIII, 737 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780521822909 0521822904 0521529816 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The law and policy of the World Trade Organization |b text, cases and materials |c Peter van den Bossche |
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| 650 | 7 | |a World Trade Organization |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Recht | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Foreign trade regulation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Tariff |x Law and legislation | |
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|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES X
LIST OF TABLES XII
PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XIII
TABLE OF CASES XVI
TABLE OF AGREEMENTS AND DECISIONS XXVII
1 ECONOMIC GLOBALISATION AND
THE LAW OF THE WTO 1
1.1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.2. ECONOMIC GLOBALISATION AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE 3
1.2.1. THE EMERGENCE OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMY 3
1.2.2. ECONOMIC GLOBALISATION: A BLESSING OR A CURSE? 11
1.2.3. TRADE LIBERALISATION VERSUS PROTECTIONISM 19
1.2.4. GLOBALISATION AND TRADE TO THE BENEFIT OF ALL? 29
1.3. INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND THE LAW OF THE WTO 35
1.3.1. INTERNATIONAL RULES FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE 35
1.3.2. BASIC RULES AND PRINCIPLES OF WTO LAW 39
1.4. SOURCES OF WTO LAW 44
1.4.1. THE MARRAKESH AGREEMENT ESTABLISHING THE WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATION 45
1.4.2. OTHER SOURCES OF WTO LAW 55
1.5. WTO LAW IN CONTEXT 60
1.5.1. WTO LAW AND INTERNATIONAL LAW 60
1.5.2. WTO LAW AND NATIONAL LAW 65
1.6. SUMMARY 72
1.7. EXERCISE: GLOBAPHILES VERSUS GLOBAPHOBES 74
2 THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION 76
2.1. INTRODUCTION 77
2.2. THE ORIGINS OF THE WTO 78
2.2.1. THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE 1947 78
2.2.2. URUGUAY ROUND OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS 83
2.3. MANDATE OF THE WTO 86
VI CONTENTS
2.3.1. OBJECTIVES OF THE WTO 86
2.3.2. FUNCTIONS OF THE WTO 88
2.4. MEMBERSHIP OF THE WTO 103
2.4.1. CURRENT MEMBERSHIP 103
2.4.2. ACCESSION 109
2.4.3. OBLIGATIONS OF MEMBERSHIP 115
2.4.4. WITHDRAWAL AND EXPULSION 119
2.5. INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE WTO 119
2.5.1. BASIC STRUCTURE 120
2.5.2. MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE 122
2.5.3. GENERAL COUNCIL, DSB AND TPRB 124
2.5.4. SPECIALISED COUNCILS, COMMITTEES AND WORKING PARTIES 127
2.5.5. TRADE NEGOTIATIONS COMMITTEE 130
2.5.6. POLITICAL BODIES LACKING IN THE WTO STRUCTURE 131
2.5.7. QUASI-JUDICIAL AND OTHER NON-POLITICAL BODIES 133
2.5.8. WTO SECRETARIAT 135
2.6. DECISION-MAKING IN THE WTO 141
2.6.1. NORMAL PROCEDURE 141
2.6.2. SPECIAL PROCEDURES 144
2.6.3. WTO DECISION-MAKING IN PRACTICE 148
2.6.4. PARTICIPATION OF DEVEHPING-COUNTRY MEMBERS 151
2.6.5. INVOLVEMENT OF NGOS 154
2.6.6. FORM ANDLEGALBASIS OF WTO DECISIONS 162
2.7. OTHER ISSUES 164
2.7.1. STATUS OF THE WTO 164
2.7.2. THE WTO BUDGET 164
2.8. SUMMARY 166
2.9. EXERCISE: TO JOIN OR NOT TO JOIN? 170
3 WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 172
3.1. INTRODUCTION 173
3.2. THE ORIGINS OF THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM 174
3.2.1. SETTLEMENT O/DISPUTES BETWEEN STATES 175
3.2.2. DISPUTE SETTLEMENT UNDER THE GATT 1947 176
3.2.3. URUGUAY ROUND NEGOTIATIONS AND THE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT
[/NDERSTANDING 180
3.3. PRINCIPLES OF WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 182
3.3.1. OBJECT AND PURPOSE OF THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM 182
3.3.2. METHODS OF WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 186
3.3.3. JURISDICTION OF THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM 187
3.3.4. ACCESS TO THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM 190
3.3.5. THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCESS 203
3.3.6. RULES OF INTERPRETATION AND BURDEN OF PROOF 206
3.3.7. CONFIDENTIALITY AND RULES OF CONDUCT 212
3.3.8. REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF WTO LAW 217
3.3.9. SPECIAL RULES AND ASSISTANCE/OR DEVELOPING-ANMTRY MEMBERS 225
CONTENTS
3.4. INSTITUTIONS OF WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 228
3.4.1. THE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT BODY 228
3.4.2. WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PANELS 231
3.4.3. THE APPELLATE BODY 244
3.4.4. OTHER BODIES AND PERSONS INVOLVED IN WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 255
3.5. WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEEDINGS 255
3.5.1. CONSULTATIONS 255
3.5.2. PANEL PROCEEDINGS 259
3.5.3. APPELLATE REVIEW 270
3.5.4. IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT 278
3.6. WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PRACTICE TO DATE 284
3.6.1. DISPUTES 284
3.6.2. REPORTS AND AWARDS 287
3.7. CHALLENGES AND PROPOSALS FOR REFORM 289
3.7.1. FROM DSU REVIEW TO DSU NEGOTIATIONS 289
3.7.2. PROPOSALS FOR DSU REFORM 292
3.7.3. MAIN CHALLENGE TO THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM 298
3.8. SUMMARY 299
3.9. EXERCISE: NEWLAND SEEKS JUSTICE 304
4 PRINCIPLES OF NON-DISCRIMINATION 307
4.1. INTRODUCTION 308
4.2. MOST-FAVOURED-NATION TREATMENT UNDER THE GATT1994 309
4.2.1. NATURE OF THE MEN TREATMENT OBLIGATION OF ARTICLE 1:1 OF THE
GATT 1994 310
4.2.2. CONSISTENCY WITH ARTICLE 1:1 OFTHE GATT 1994 312
4.3. MOST-FAVOURED-NATION TREATMENT UNDER THE GATS 318
4.3.1. NATURE OFTHE MEN TREATMENT OBLIGATION OF ARTICLE U:L
OFTHE GATS 318
4.3.2. CONSISTENCY WITH ARTICLE U.L OF THE GATS 320
4.3.3. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE MEN TREATMENT OBLIGATION UNDER ARTICLE B:1
OF THE GATS 325
4.4. NATIONAL TREATMENT UNDER THE GATT 1994 326
4.4.1. NATURE OFTHE NATIONAL TREATMENT OBLIGATION OF ARTICLE IE OF THE
GATT 1994 327
4.4.2. CONSISTENCY WITH ARTICLE HL2, FIRST SENTENCE, OF THE
GATT 1994 331
4.4.3. CONSISTENCY WITH ARTICLE 111:2, SECOND SENTENCE, IF THE GATT 1994
340
4.4.4. CONSISTENCY WITH THE NATIONAL TREATMENT OBLIGATION OF ARTICLE
HF:4
OFTHE GATT1994 349
4.5. NATIONAL TREATMENT UNDER THE GATS 365
4.5.1. NATURE OFTHE NATIONAL TREATMENT OBLIGATION OF ARTICLE XVII
OF THE GATS 365
4.5.2. CONSISTENCY WITH ARTICLE XVU OF THE GATS 367
4.6. SUMMARY 369
4.7. EXERCISE: BEER IN NEWLAND 372
VIII CONTENTS
5 RULES ON MARKET ACCESS 375
5.1. INTRODUCTION 376
5.2. TARIFF BARRIERS TO TRADE IN GOODS 377
5.2.1. CUSTOMS DUTIES OR TARIFFS 377
5.2.2. NEGOTIATIONS ON TARIFF REDUCTIONS 389
5.2.3. TARIFF CONCESSIONS AND SCHEDULES OF CONCESSIONS 398
5.2.4. PROTECTION OF TARIFF CONCESSIONS 419
5.2.5. MODIFICATION OR WITHDRAWAL OF
TARIFF CONCESSIONS 423
5.2.6. IMPOSITION OF CUSTOMS DUTIES 425
5.2.7. OTHER DUTIES AND CHARGES 436
5.3. NON-TARIFF BARRIERS TO TRADE IN GOODS 441
5.3.1. QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS 441
5.3.2. RULES ON QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS 444
5.3.3. ADMINISTRATION OF QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS 450
5.3.4. OTHER NON-TARIFF BARRIERS 457
5.4. BARRIERS TO TRADE IN SERVICES 480
5.4.1. MARKET ACCESS BARRIERS TO TRADE IN SERVICES 482
5.4.2. OTHER BARRIERS TO TRADE IN SERVICES 495
5.5. SUMMARY 502
5.6. EXERCISE: CARLIE
E
GOES TO EUROPE 510
6 RULES ON UNFAIR TRADE 512
6.1. INTRODUCTION 512
6.2. DUMPING AND ANTI-DUMPING MEASURES 513
6.2.1. BASIC ELEMENTS OF WTO LAW ON DUMPING 514
6.2.2. DETERMINATION OF DUMPING 518
6.2.3. DETERMINATION OF INJURY 526
6.2.4. DEMONSTRATION OF A CAUSAL LINK 533
6.2.5. ANTI-DUMPING INVESTIGATION 536
6.2.6. ANTI-DUMPING MEASURES 541
6.2.7. SPECIAL AND DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT FOR DEVELOPING-COUNTRY
MEMBERS 549
6.3. SUBSIDIES AND COUNTERVAILING MEASURES 551
6.3.1. BASIC ELEMENTS OF WTO LAW ON SUBSIDIES AND
SUBSIDISED TRADE 552
6.3.2. DETERMINATION OF SUBSIDISATION 555
6.3.3. PROHIBITED SUBSIDIES 561
6.3.4. ACTIONABLE SUBSIDIES 567
6.3.5. COUNTERVAILING MEASURES 574
6.3.6. AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES 583
6.3.7. SPECIAL AND DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT FOR DEVELOPING-COUNTRY
MEMBERS 586
6.4. SUMMARY 588
6.5. EXERCISE: DIRTY PLAY, BUT BY WHOM? 594
CONTENTS
7 TRADE LIBERALISATION VERSUS OTHER
SOCIETAL VALUES AND INTERESTS 596
7.1. INTRODUCTION 597
7.2. GENERAL EXCEPTIONS UNDER THE GATT 1994 598
7.2.1. THE NATURE AND FUNCTION OF ARTICLE XX OFTHE GATT 1994 599
7.2.2. THE TWO-TIER TEST UNDER ARTICLE XX OF THE GATT 1994 601
7.2.3. SPECIFIC EXCEPTIONS UNDER ARTICLE XX OF THE GATT 1994 602
7.2.4. THECHAPEAUOF ARTICLE XX OF THE GATT 1994 615
7.2.5. SCOPE FOR MEMBERS TO PROTECT OTHER SOCIETAL VALUES 623
7.3. GENERAL EXCEPTIONS UNDER THE GATS 624
7.3.1. SPECIFIC EXCEPTIONS UNDER ARTICLE XTV OF THE GATS 625
7.3.2. THE CHAPEAU OF ARTICLE XIV OF THE GATS 627
7.4. SECURITY EXCEPTIONS 628
7.4.1. ARTICLE XXI OF THE GATT 1994 628
7.4.2. ARTICLE XTV BIS OF THE GATS 632
7.5. ECONOMIC EMERGENCY EXCEPTIONS 633
7.5.1. ARTICLE XIX OF THE GATT 1994 AND THE AGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDS 635
7.5.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF SAFEGUARD MEASURES 636
7.5.3. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE USE OF SAFEGUARD MEASURES 641
7.5.4. DOMESTIC PROCEDURES 649
7.6. REGIONAL INTEGRATION EXCEPTIONS 650
7.6.1. ARTICLE XXW OF THE GATT 1994 652
7.6.2. ARTICLE V OF THE GATS 662
7.7. BALANCE-OF-PAYMENTS EXCEPTIONS 667
7.7.1. ARTICLES XU AND XV7IT.B OF THE GATT 1994 667
7.7.2. ARTICLE XII OF THE GATS 674
7.8. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EXCEPTIONS 676
7.8.1. INFANT-INDUSTRY-PROTECTION EXCEPTION 677
7.8.2. GENERALISED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES EXCEPTION 679
7.9. SUMMARY 683
7.10. EXERCISE: GLASS BOTTLES AND TETRA-PACK CONTAINERS 689
8 CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE 692
8.1. INTRODUCTION 692
8.2. INTEGRATION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES INTO THE WTO SYSTEM 694
8.2.1. PROBLEMS IN IMPLEMENTING CURRENT WTO AGREEMENTS 695
8.2.2. SPECIAL AND DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT 697
8.2.3. TRADE-RELATED TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND CAPACITY-BUILDING 700
8.3. EXTENDING THE SCOPE OF WTO LAW 702
8.3.1. THE SINGAPORE ISSUES AND THE DOHA MINISTERIAL DECLARATION 703
8.3.2. FUTURE NEGOTIATIONS ON THE SINGAPORE ISSUES ? 704
8.4. CONCLUSION 706
INDEX 708
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES X
LIST OF TABLES XII
PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XIII
TABLE OF CASES XVI
TABLE OF AGREEMENTS AND DECISIONS XXVII
1 ECONOMIC GLOBALISATION AND
THE LAW OF THE WTO 1
1.1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.2. ECONOMIC GLOBALISATION AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE 3
1.2.1. THE EMERGENCE OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMY 3
1.2.2. ECONOMIC GLOBALISATION: A BLESSING OR A CURSE? 11
1.2.3. TRADE LIBERALISATION VERSUS PROTECTIONISM 19
1.2.4. GLOBALISATION AND TRADE TO THE BENEFIT OF ALL? 29
1.3. INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND THE LAW OF THE WTO 35
1.3.1. INTERNATIONAL RULES FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE 35
1.3.2. BASIC RULES AND PRINCIPLES OF WTO LAW 39
1.4. SOURCES OF WTO LAW 44
1.4.1. THE MARRAKESH AGREEMENT ESTABLISHING THE WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATION 45
1.4.2. OTHER SOURCES OF WTO LAW 55
1.5. WTO LAW IN CONTEXT 60
1.5.1. WTO LAW AND INTERNATIONAL LAW 60
1.5.2. WTO LAW AND NATIONAL LAW 65
1.6. SUMMARY 72
1.7. EXERCISE: GLOBAPHILES VERSUS GLOBAPHOBES 74
2 THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION 76
2.1. INTRODUCTION 77
2.2. THE ORIGINS OF THE WTO 78
2.2.1. THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE 1947 78
2.2.2. URUGUAY ROUND OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS 83
2.3. MANDATE OF THE WTO 86
VI CONTENTS
2.3.1. OBJECTIVES OF THE WTO 86
2.3.2. FUNCTIONS OF THE WTO 88
2.4. MEMBERSHIP OF THE WTO 103
2.4.1. CURRENT MEMBERSHIP 103
2.4.2. ACCESSION 109
2.4.3. OBLIGATIONS OF MEMBERSHIP 115
2.4.4. WITHDRAWAL AND EXPULSION 119
2.5. INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE WTO 119
2.5.1. BASIC STRUCTURE 120
2.5.2. MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE 122
2.5.3. GENERAL COUNCIL, DSB AND TPRB 124
2.5.4. SPECIALISED COUNCILS, COMMITTEES AND WORKING PARTIES 127
2.5.5. TRADE NEGOTIATIONS COMMITTEE 130
2.5.6. POLITICAL BODIES LACKING IN THE WTO STRUCTURE 131
2.5.7. QUASI-JUDICIAL AND OTHER NON-POLITICAL BODIES 133
2.5.8. WTO SECRETARIAT 135
2.6. DECISION-MAKING IN THE WTO 141
2.6.1. NORMAL PROCEDURE 141
2.6.2. SPECIAL PROCEDURES 144
2.6.3. WTO DECISION-MAKING IN PRACTICE 148
2.6.4. PARTICIPATION OF DEVEHPING-COUNTRY MEMBERS 151
2.6.5. INVOLVEMENT OF NGOS 154
2.6.6. FORM ANDLEGALBASIS OF WTO DECISIONS 162
2.7. OTHER ISSUES 164
2.7.1. STATUS OF THE WTO 164
2.7.2. THE WTO BUDGET 164
2.8. SUMMARY 166
2.9. EXERCISE: TO JOIN OR NOT TO JOIN? 170
3 WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 172
3.1. INTRODUCTION 173
3.2. THE ORIGINS OF THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM 174
3.2.1. SETTLEMENT O/DISPUTES BETWEEN STATES 175
3.2.2. DISPUTE SETTLEMENT UNDER THE GATT 1947 176
3.2.3. URUGUAY ROUND NEGOTIATIONS AND THE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT
[/NDERSTANDING 180
3.3. PRINCIPLES OF WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 182
3.3.1. OBJECT AND PURPOSE OF THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM 182
3.3.2. METHODS OF WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 186
3.3.3. JURISDICTION OF THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM 187
3.3.4. ACCESS TO THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM 190
3.3.5. THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCESS 203
3.3.6. RULES OF INTERPRETATION AND BURDEN OF PROOF 206
3.3.7. CONFIDENTIALITY AND RULES OF CONDUCT 212
3.3.8. REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF WTO LAW 217
3.3.9. SPECIAL RULES AND ASSISTANCE/OR DEVELOPING-ANMTRY MEMBERS 225
CONTENTS
3.4. INSTITUTIONS OF WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 228
3.4.1. THE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT BODY 228
3.4.2. WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PANELS 231
3.4.3. THE APPELLATE BODY 244
3.4.4. OTHER BODIES AND PERSONS INVOLVED IN WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 255
3.5. WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEEDINGS 255
3.5.1. CONSULTATIONS 255
3.5.2. PANEL PROCEEDINGS 259
3.5.3. APPELLATE REVIEW 270
3.5.4. IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT 278
3.6. WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PRACTICE TO DATE 284
3.6.1. DISPUTES 284
3.6.2. REPORTS AND AWARDS 287
3.7. CHALLENGES AND PROPOSALS FOR REFORM 289
3.7.1. FROM DSU REVIEW TO DSU NEGOTIATIONS 289
3.7.2. PROPOSALS FOR DSU REFORM 292
3.7.3. MAIN CHALLENGE TO THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM 298
3.8. SUMMARY 299
3.9. EXERCISE: NEWLAND SEEKS JUSTICE 304
4 PRINCIPLES OF NON-DISCRIMINATION 307
4.1. INTRODUCTION 308
4.2. MOST-FAVOURED-NATION TREATMENT UNDER THE GATT1994 309
4.2.1. NATURE OF THE MEN TREATMENT OBLIGATION OF ARTICLE 1:1 OF THE
GATT 1994 310
4.2.2. CONSISTENCY WITH ARTICLE 1:1 OFTHE GATT 1994 312
4.3. MOST-FAVOURED-NATION TREATMENT UNDER THE GATS 318
4.3.1. NATURE OFTHE MEN TREATMENT OBLIGATION OF ARTICLE U:L
OFTHE GATS 318
4.3.2. CONSISTENCY WITH ARTICLE U.L OF THE GATS 320
4.3.3. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE MEN TREATMENT OBLIGATION UNDER ARTICLE B:1
OF THE GATS 325
4.4. NATIONAL TREATMENT UNDER THE GATT 1994 326
4.4.1. NATURE OFTHE NATIONAL TREATMENT OBLIGATION OF ARTICLE IE OF THE
GATT 1994 327
4.4.2. CONSISTENCY WITH ARTICLE HL2, FIRST SENTENCE, OF THE
GATT 1994 331
4.4.3. CONSISTENCY WITH ARTICLE 111:2, SECOND SENTENCE, IF THE GATT 1994
340
4.4.4. CONSISTENCY WITH THE NATIONAL TREATMENT OBLIGATION OF ARTICLE
HF:4
OFTHE GATT1994 349
4.5. NATIONAL TREATMENT UNDER THE GATS 365
4.5.1. NATURE OFTHE NATIONAL TREATMENT OBLIGATION OF ARTICLE XVII
OF THE GATS 365
4.5.2. CONSISTENCY WITH ARTICLE XVU OF THE GATS 367
4.6. SUMMARY 369
4.7. EXERCISE: BEER IN NEWLAND 372
VIII CONTENTS
5 RULES ON MARKET ACCESS 375
5.1. INTRODUCTION 376
5.2. TARIFF BARRIERS TO TRADE IN GOODS 377
5.2.1. CUSTOMS DUTIES OR TARIFFS 377
5.2.2. NEGOTIATIONS ON TARIFF REDUCTIONS 389
5.2.3. TARIFF CONCESSIONS AND SCHEDULES OF CONCESSIONS 398
5.2.4. PROTECTION OF TARIFF CONCESSIONS 419
5.2.5. MODIFICATION OR WITHDRAWAL OF
TARIFF CONCESSIONS 423
5.2.6. IMPOSITION OF CUSTOMS DUTIES 425
5.2.7. OTHER DUTIES AND CHARGES 436
5.3. NON-TARIFF BARRIERS TO TRADE IN GOODS 441
5.3.1. QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS 441
5.3.2. RULES ON QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS 444
5.3.3. ADMINISTRATION OF QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS 450
5.3.4. OTHER NON-TARIFF BARRIERS 457
5.4. BARRIERS TO TRADE IN SERVICES 480
5.4.1. MARKET ACCESS BARRIERS TO TRADE IN SERVICES 482
5.4.2. OTHER BARRIERS TO TRADE IN SERVICES 495
5.5. SUMMARY 502
5.6. EXERCISE: CARLIE
E
GOES TO EUROPE 510
6 RULES ON UNFAIR TRADE 512
6.1. INTRODUCTION 512
6.2. DUMPING AND ANTI-DUMPING MEASURES 513
6.2.1. BASIC ELEMENTS OF WTO LAW ON DUMPING 514
6.2.2. DETERMINATION OF DUMPING 518
6.2.3. DETERMINATION OF INJURY 526
6.2.4. DEMONSTRATION OF A CAUSAL LINK 533
6.2.5. ANTI-DUMPING INVESTIGATION 536
6.2.6. ANTI-DUMPING MEASURES 541
6.2.7. SPECIAL AND DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT FOR DEVELOPING-COUNTRY
MEMBERS 549
6.3. SUBSIDIES AND COUNTERVAILING MEASURES 551
6.3.1. BASIC ELEMENTS OF WTO LAW ON SUBSIDIES AND
SUBSIDISED TRADE 552
6.3.2. DETERMINATION OF SUBSIDISATION 555
6.3.3. PROHIBITED SUBSIDIES 561
6.3.4. ACTIONABLE SUBSIDIES 567
6.3.5. COUNTERVAILING MEASURES 574
6.3.6. AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES 583
6.3.7. SPECIAL AND DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT FOR DEVELOPING-COUNTRY
MEMBERS 586
6.4. SUMMARY 588
6.5. EXERCISE: DIRTY PLAY, BUT BY WHOM? 594
CONTENTS
7 TRADE LIBERALISATION VERSUS OTHER
SOCIETAL VALUES AND INTERESTS 596
7.1. INTRODUCTION 597
7.2. GENERAL EXCEPTIONS UNDER THE GATT 1994 598
7.2.1. THE NATURE AND FUNCTION OF ARTICLE XX OFTHE GATT 1994 599
7.2.2. THE TWO-TIER TEST UNDER ARTICLE XX OF THE GATT 1994 601
7.2.3. SPECIFIC EXCEPTIONS UNDER ARTICLE XX OF THE GATT 1994 602
7.2.4. THECHAPEAUOF ARTICLE XX OF THE GATT 1994 615
7.2.5. SCOPE FOR MEMBERS TO PROTECT OTHER SOCIETAL VALUES 623
7.3. GENERAL EXCEPTIONS UNDER THE GATS 624
7.3.1. SPECIFIC EXCEPTIONS UNDER ARTICLE XTV OF THE GATS 625
7.3.2. THE CHAPEAU OF ARTICLE XIV OF THE GATS 627
7.4. SECURITY EXCEPTIONS 628
7.4.1. ARTICLE XXI OF THE GATT 1994 628
7.4.2. ARTICLE XTV BIS OF THE GATS 632
7.5. ECONOMIC EMERGENCY EXCEPTIONS 633
7.5.1. ARTICLE XIX OF THE GATT 1994 AND THE AGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDS 635
7.5.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF SAFEGUARD MEASURES 636
7.5.3. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE USE OF SAFEGUARD MEASURES 641
7.5.4. DOMESTIC PROCEDURES 649
7.6. REGIONAL INTEGRATION EXCEPTIONS 650
7.6.1. ARTICLE XXW OF THE GATT 1994 652
7.6.2. ARTICLE V OF THE GATS 662
7.7. BALANCE-OF-PAYMENTS EXCEPTIONS 667
7.7.1. ARTICLES XU AND XV7IT.B OF THE GATT 1994 667
7.7.2. ARTICLE XII OF THE GATS 674
7.8. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EXCEPTIONS 676
7.8.1. INFANT-INDUSTRY-PROTECTION EXCEPTION 677
7.8.2. GENERALISED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES EXCEPTION 679
7.9. SUMMARY 683
7.10. EXERCISE: GLASS BOTTLES AND TETRA-PACK CONTAINERS 689
8 CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE 692
8.1. INTRODUCTION 692
8.2. INTEGRATION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES INTO THE WTO SYSTEM 694
8.2.1. PROBLEMS IN IMPLEMENTING CURRENT WTO AGREEMENTS 695
8.2.2. SPECIAL AND DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT 697
8.2.3. TRADE-RELATED TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND CAPACITY-BUILDING 700
8.3. EXTENDING THE SCOPE OF WTO LAW 702
8.3.1. THE 'SINGAPORE ISSUES' AND THE DOHA MINISTERIAL DECLARATION 703
8.3.2. FUTURE NEGOTIATIONS ON THE SINGAPORE ISSUES ? 704
8.4. CONCLUSION 706
INDEX 708 |
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| dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft Politologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Rechtswissenschaft Politologie |
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| index_date | 2024-07-02T13:46:39Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:34:34Z |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Van den Bossche, Peter 1959- Verfasser (DE-588)14271674X aut The law and policy of the World Trade Organization text, cases and materials Peter van den Bossche 1. publ. New York [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2005 XXXVIII, 737 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Organisation mondiale du commerce World Trade Organization World Trade Organization (DE-588)2145784-0 gnd rswk-swf Commerce extérieur - Réglementation Internationaal handelsrecht gtt Tarif douanier - Droit World Trade Organization gtt Recht Foreign trade regulation Tariff Law and legislation Außenhandelsrecht (DE-588)4137393-5 gnd rswk-swf Außenhandelspolitik (DE-588)4003841-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content World Trade Organization (DE-588)2145784-0 b Außenhandelsrecht (DE-588)4137393-5 s DE-604 Außenhandelspolitik (DE-588)4003841-5 s http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam051/2004061841.html Table of contents http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam051/2004061841.html Publisher description SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014600392&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Van den Bossche, Peter 1959- The law and policy of the World Trade Organization text, cases and materials Organisation mondiale du commerce World Trade Organization World Trade Organization (DE-588)2145784-0 gnd Commerce extérieur - Réglementation Internationaal handelsrecht gtt Tarif douanier - Droit World Trade Organization gtt Recht Foreign trade regulation Tariff Law and legislation Außenhandelsrecht (DE-588)4137393-5 gnd Außenhandelspolitik (DE-588)4003841-5 gnd |
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| title | The law and policy of the World Trade Organization text, cases and materials |
| title_auth | The law and policy of the World Trade Organization text, cases and materials |
| title_exact_search | The law and policy of the World Trade Organization text, cases and materials |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The law and policy of the World Trade Organization text, cases and materials |
| title_full | The law and policy of the World Trade Organization text, cases and materials Peter van den Bossche |
| title_fullStr | The law and policy of the World Trade Organization text, cases and materials Peter van den Bossche |
| title_full_unstemmed | The law and policy of the World Trade Organization text, cases and materials Peter van den Bossche |
| title_short | The law and policy of the World Trade Organization |
| title_sort | the law and policy of the world trade organization text cases and materials |
| title_sub | text, cases and materials |
| topic | Organisation mondiale du commerce World Trade Organization World Trade Organization (DE-588)2145784-0 gnd Commerce extérieur - Réglementation Internationaal handelsrecht gtt Tarif douanier - Droit World Trade Organization gtt Recht Foreign trade regulation Tariff Law and legislation Außenhandelsrecht (DE-588)4137393-5 gnd Außenhandelspolitik (DE-588)4003841-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Organisation mondiale du commerce World Trade Organization Commerce extérieur - Réglementation Internationaal handelsrecht Tarif douanier - Droit Recht Foreign trade regulation Tariff Law and legislation Außenhandelsrecht Außenhandelspolitik Einführung |
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