Minoan glyptic: typology, deposits and iconography ; from the early Minoan period to the late Minoan IB destruction in Crete
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| Language: | English |
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Oxford
Archaeopress
2005
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| Series: | British archaeological reports / International series
1442 |
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| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XX, 271 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 1841717258 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Minoan glyptic |b typology, deposits and iconography ; from the early Minoan period to the late Minoan IB destruction in Crete |c Konstantinos Galanakis |
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| adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF PICTURES viii
LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS xviii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xix
INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER ONE
THE TYPOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE SEALING SYSTEMS IN THE MINOAN ADMINISTRATION 7
1.1. Seals and sealings: Interpretation of the terms 7
1.2. The presence and use of archives in the Minoan world. «Final», «abandoned» and «living» archives 8
1.3. The development of the sealing systems in the Minoan world 9
1.4. Seal engraving areas and lapidary workshops in the Aegean world 12
1.5. The case of the «talismanic» class of Minoan seals 13
CHAPTER TWO
THE CULTURAL BACKGROUND OF SEALS BEFORE THE MINOAN PERIOD: THE NEOLITHIC AND
EARLY BRONZE AGE PERIODS 15
2.1. The seals of the Neolithic Greek mainland 15
2.2. The Early Helladic II sealings from the House of Tiles at Lerna. Seals and sealings from other Early Bronze Age
settlements in mainland Greece 15
2.3. The microglyptic art in metals in the Early Bronze Age: The evidence for the earliest metal seals in the Aegean
world 18
CHAPTER THREE
THE PREPALATIAL PERIOD: SEALS OF THE EARLY MINOAN II MIDDLE MINOAN IA (ca. 2900
2300/2026 to 2160/1979 1900 BC): CHRONOLOGY, SHAPES, MATERIALS AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS
OF THE EM III/MM IA SEALS 20
3.1. Seals of the Early Minoan II III: The evidence from the Messara tholos tombs 20
3.2. Seals of the Early Minoan Ill/Middle Minoan IA 22
3.2.1. General remarks 22
3.2.2. Materials and shapes 23
3.2.3. Tools and techniques 25
3.3. The appearance and development of the three sided prism seals 26
CHAPTER FOUR
THE PREPALATIAL PERIOD: SEALS OF THE EARLY MINOAN II MIDDLE MINOAN IA (ca. 2900
2300/2026 to 2160/1979 1900 BC): DESIGNS AND MOTIFS OF THE EM III/MM IA SEALS WITH
SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE MOST REPRESENTATIVE DEPOSITS 28
4.1. Designs and motifs of the Early Minoan Ill/Middle Minoan IA seals 28
4.2. The Early Minoan Ill/Middle Minoan IA seals from the tholos tombs A and B at Platanos 30
4.2.1. Designs and motifs of the seals from Platanos 30
4.3. The Prepalatial seals from the Phourni cemetery at Archanes 31
4.3.1. The Early Minoan III seals from the Phourni cemetery at Archanes: Designs and motifs 32
4.3.2. The Middle Minoan IA seals from the Phourni cemetery at Archanes: Designs and motifs 33
CHAPTER FIVE
THE PROTOPALATIAL PERIOD: SEALS OF THE MIDDLE MINOAN IB MIDDLE MINOAN IHA (ca.
1800 1700 to 1700/1650 1640/1630 BC): SHAPES, MATERIALS AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS 35
5.1. General remarks 35
5.2. Materials 36
5.3. Tools and techniques 38
CHAPTER SIX
THE PROTOPALATIAL PERIOD: SEALS OF THE MIDDLE MINOAN IB MIDDLE MINOAN IHA
(ca. 1800 1700 to 1700/1650 1640/1630 BC): DESIGNS AND MOTIFS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
THE MOST REPRESENTATIVE DEPOSITS 41
6.1. General remarks 41
6.2. The Mallia Workshop 41
6.2.1. Designs and motifs of the seals from the Mallia workshop 41
6.3. The Phaistos Deposit 43
6.3.1. Designs and motifs of the seals from the Phaistos Deposit 43
6.4. The Hieroglyphic Deposit at Knossos 46
6.4.1. Designs and motifs of the seals from the Hieroglyphic Deposit at Knossos 47
CHAPTER SEVEN
THE NEOPALATIAL PERIOD: SEALS AND FINGER RINGS OF THE MIDDLE MINOAN IIIB LATE
MINOAN D3 (ca. 1640/1630 1600 to 1480 1425 BC): SHAPES, MATERIALS, TECHNICAL ASPECTS AND
ICONOGRAPHIC ELEMENTS. THE FIRST METAL SIGNET RINGS IN THE AEGEAN 49
7.1. General remarks 49
7.2. Materials and techniques 50
7.3. Metal signet rings of the Neopalatial period 50
7.3.1. General remarks 50
7.3.2. Materials and techniques 50
7.4. The earliest metal signet rings in the Aegean 53
CHAPTER EIGHT
THE NEOPALATIAL PERIOD: SEALS OF THE MIDDLE MINOAN IIIB LATE MINOAN IB (ca.
1640/1630 1600 to 1480 1425 BC): DEPOSITS AND ICONOGRAPHY WITH REFERENCE TO THE MOST
REPRESENTATIVE DEPOSITS 57
8.1. General remarks 57
8.2. The Temple Repositories Deposit at Knossos 57
8.2.1. The date and function of the Temple Repositories Deposit 57
8.2.2. Designs and motifs of the seal ings from the East Temple Repository Deposit 58
8.3. The Zakros sealings 61
8.3.1. Designs and motifs of the sealings from the Zakros Deposit with reference to the Zakros Master 62
8.4. The Sklavokampos sealings 63
8.4.1. Designs and motifs of the sealings from the Sklavokampos Deposit 63
8.5. Notes on the evidence for the cultural interaction between Near Eastern and Minoan seal motifs in Neopalatial
Crete 65
CHAPTER NEVE
THE NEOPALATIAL PERIOD: SEALS OF THE MIDDLE MINOAN niB LATE MINOAN IB
(ca. 1640/1630 1600 to 1480 1425 BC): THE AGIA TRIADA DEPOSIT AND ITS RELATION TO MINOAN
RELIGIOUS ICONOGRAPHY 67
9.1. General remarks 67
9.2. The Agia Triada Deposit 67
9.2.1. The sealings and the function of the archive 67
9.2.2. Designs and motifs of the sealings from the Agia Triada Deposit 68
9.3. Interpretation of the iconography in the Agia Triada deposit 69
CHAPTER TEN
READING IMAGES IN THE AEGEAN RELIGIOUS ICONOGRAPHY. ASPECTS OF MINOAN RITUAL
IN THE PREPALATTAL AND PALATIAL TIMES AND THE QUESTION OF METHODOLOGY 71
10.1. The dynamics of Minoan cult and ritual from Prepalatial towards the Palatial times 71
10.1.1. Notes on the Prepalatial Minoan ritual action 71
10.1.2. Notes on Palatial Minoan ritual action 73
10.2. Reading images in glyptic iconography and the identification of ritual action: The question of methodology 74
CHAPTER ELEVEN
RELIGIOUS ICONOGRAPHY I: «IMAGES OF A DIVEVITY». THE CONFIGURATION AND
DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIVINE FIGURE AND THE EVIDENCE FOR RITUAL ACTION IN MINOAN
RELIGIOUS SCENES IN GLYPTIC 78
11.1. The representation of the human figure in the Bronze Age Aegean glyptic: General remarks 78
11.2. Gestures 80
11.3. Representations of cult activities and divine figures in three dimensional forms and in glyptic during the
Prepalatial, Neopalatial and Postpalatial periods 81
11.3.1. The foundations of religious iconography: Early representations of cult activities and religious symbolism in
glyptic. Early Minoan Prepalatial female deities/ «Goddesses» 81
11.3.2. The divine figure in the Middle and Late Bronze Age Aegean glyptic: Female deities/ «Goddesses» of the
Protopalatial and Neopalatial periods 82
11.3.3. The divine female figure in the end of the Late Bronze Age in the Aegean: Female deities/ «Goddesses» of the
Postpalatial period 84
11.4. The male figure in the Late Bronze Age glyptic in the Aegean: Male deities/«Gods» 85
CHAPTER TWELVE
RELIGIOUS ICONOGRAPHY II: THE «SECRET WORLD» OF THE CRETO MYCENAEAN RELIGIOUS
IMAGERY. THE EVIDENCE FOR RITUALS AND THE TYPOLOGY OF RITUAL ACTION IN GLYPTIC
ICONOGRAPHY 88
12.1. General remarks: A note on the subject of architecture in the Minoan and Mycenaean glyptic of the Late Bronze
Age 88
12.2. Case Study I: The epiphany of the divinity: An examination of the most securely identified Minoan ritual in
glyptic 88
12.3. Case Study II: Glyptic image and archaeological reality: The case of the sacred enclosures/Temenoi 90
12.4. Case Study III: A re evaluation of the possible meaning of baetyls/omphaloi in glyptic 92
12.5. Case Study IV: Implications and considerations of the «sacred» tree motif in glyptic 94
CONCLUSIONS 96
APPENDIX I
Chart 1. Seals from sites of the Early Minoan Ill Late Minoan I period. Chronology of sealstones and sealings dated
by a pottery context 102
Chart 2. Signet rings from the Early and Middle Bronze Age 106
Chart 3. The thematic material of the representation of the human figure in the Late Bronze Age Aegean glyptic 108
APPENDIX II
Chart 4. The religious architectural elements of Late Bronze Age sealstones and finger rings 116
Chart 5. The religious decorative elements of Late Bronze Age sealstones and finger rings 121
APPENDIX III
CONCORDANCE 126
BD3LIOGRAPHY 129
PICTURES 151
INDEX 263
LIST OF PICTURES
Picture 1: The tripartite system of classification for the chronology of the Minoan, Cycladic and Mycenaean periods and
subperiods.
Picture 2: Chronological table with suggested dates for the Minoan, Cycladic and Mycenaean civilizations (Warren and
Hankey, 1989).
Picture 3: Suggested outline for absolute chronology (Dickinson, 1994. p. 19).
Picture 4: Map of Crete with the main sites mentioned in the text.
Picture 5: Map of Southern and Central Greece with the main sites mentioned in the text.
Picture 6: Diagram of seal types (Dickinson, 1994. p. 190, fig. 5.42).
Picture 7: Diagram of seals, sealings, and clay sealings and documents (Rehak and Younger, 1998. p. 113).
Picture 8: Diagram of seal shapes and sizes.
Picture 9: Diagram of seal profiles.
Picture 10: Map with the distribution of minerals in the world (Wartke in Brandt (ed.), 1997. p. 44, fig. 32).
Picture 11: Various reconstructions of the bow lathe in the fragmentary tombstone of Doros of Sardis, the engraver of
ringstones of Philadelphia in Lydia, 2nd century AD (preserved height: 74 cm, width: 30 cm.) (Merrillees, 1990. pi. 2).
1. After Kontoleon, 1890. p. 333.
2. After Furtwangler, 1900. p. 399, fig. 206.
3. After Feldhaus, 1914. p. 212, fig. 147.
4. After Charleston, 1964. p. 85, fig. 2.
5. After Boardman, 1970. p. 381, fig. 316.
6. After Gorelick and Gwinnett, 1979. p. 25, fig. 20.
7. After Younger, 1984. p. 32, fig. 2.
8. After Yule and Schumann, 1981. p. 277, fig. 6.
Picture 12: 1. Detail of the fresco from the tomb of Tiy at Saqarra (Collon (ed.), 1997. p. 46, fig. 2/20).
2. Detail of the fresco from the tomb of Rekhmere (Rekh mi re) at Thebes (Davies, 1973. p. 49, pi. LIV).
Picture 13: Map with the distribution of seals and seal impressions in Early Bronze Age Greece (Kosmopoulos, 1991. p. 103,
fig. 9.1).
Picture 14: 1. Plan of EH II Lerna III and the «House of Tiles» (Dickinson, 1994. p. 59, fig. 4.8).
2. Plan of the Platanos cemetery at Messara (Dickinson, 1994. p. 213, fig. 6.3).
Picture 15: Plan of the Phourni cemetery at Archanes (Dickinson, 1994. p. 216, fig. 6.5).
Picture 16: Plan of Quartier Mu, Mallia (the darkened areas show the findspots of sealings) (CMS II 6. p. 193, fig. 4).
Picture 17: Plan of the MM II seal engraver s workshop at Quartier Mu, Mallia (Poursat et al, 1996. p. 9, fig. 2).
Picture 18: Plan of the Palace at Knossos showing distribution of latest sealings (Popham and Gill, 1995. pi. 1).
Picture 19: Plan of the Palace at Knossos showing the distribution of lapidary s workshops (Polinger Foster in Hagg and
Marinatos (eds.), 1987. p. 289, fig. 1).
Picture 20: 1. Plan of area of South Front Basements at the Palace at Knossos (Momigliano and Hood, 1994. P. 104, fig. 1).
2,3. Two seal impressions of the scene in the clay matrix from the Room of the Clay Signet (Popham and Gill, 1995. pi. 28,
nos. R1,R51,R54).
Picture 21: Plan of the Palace at Phaistos (Marinatos and Hirmer, 1959. p. 127, fig. 12).
Picture 22: Plan of the second Palace at Mallia (Marinatos and Hirmer, 1959. p. 132, fig. 14).
viii
Picture 23:1. Plan of the Palace at Kato Zakros (the dots indicate the findspots of sealings) (Myers and Cadogan, 1992. p.
294, fig. 44.3).
2. Plan of House A, Kato Zakros {CMS II 7. p. xvi).
Picture 24: Plan of the Palace at Agia Triada (the darkened area shows findspot of sealings) (Myers and Cadogan, 1992. p.
72, fig. 7.1).
Picture 25:1. Plan of the villa at Sklavokampos (the darkened area shows the findspot of sealings) (Marinatos, 1939 1941. p.
71).
2. Plan of LC I Akroriri, Thera (Dickinson, 1994. p. 66, fig. 4.16).
Picture 26: 1. Plan of the peak sanctuary at Mt Juktas (Dickinson, 1994. p. 271, fig. 8.4).
2. Plans of Minoan built shrines (Dickinson, 1994. p. 277, fig. 8.7).
Picture 27: Plan of the Greek Swedish excavations at Agias Aikaterinis Square, Chania (Hallager, 1985. p. 41, fig. 1).
Picture 28: 1. Plan of the Cult Centre at Mycenae (Dickinson, 1994. p. 289, fig. 8.12).
2. Plan of Late Bronze Age Phylakopi, Melos (Dickinson, 1994. p. 61, fig. 4.11).
Picture 29: 1. Plan of the Palace at Pylos (Dickinson, 1994. p. 156, fig. 5.31).
2. Plan of the excavations at the Kadmeion in Thebes (Tzedakis and Martlew, 1999. p. 119).
Picture 30:1. EM II Vasiliki Ware spouted jug from Vasiliki (Marinatos and Hirmer, 1959. fig. III).
2. MM II Kamares Ware jugs from Phaistos (Marinatos and Hirmer, 1959. fig. VIII).
Picture 31: 1. EM III MM small pottery types (Dickinson, 1994. p. 112, fig. 5.7).
2. EM III MM large pottery types (Dickinson, 1994. p. 113, fig. 5.8).
Picture 32: 1. MM IIIB LMIA pottery types (Dickinson, 1994. p. 116, fig. 5.10).
2. «Palatial» LM IB and LHIIA pottery types (Dickinson, 1994. p. 119, fig. 5.13).
Picture 33: 1. The LM I «Boxer s Rhyton» from Agia Triada (Marinatos and Hirmer, 1959. fig. 106).
2. The LM I «Chieftain s Cup» from Agia Triada (Marinatos and Hirmer, 1959. fig. 100).
Picture 34: Snake Goddess from the Temple Repositories at the Knossos Palace, MM III (Marinatos and Hirmer, 1959. fig,
XXIV).
Picture 35:1. The EM II «Lady of Myrtos» clay vessel goddess from Myrtos (Dickinson, 1994. p. 280, fig. 8.9.1).
2. EM III/MM IA anthropomorphic clay vessel from Mochlos (Dickinson, 1994. p. 280, fig. 8.9.2).
3. LM III clay goddess statue from Gazi (Andronikos, 1979. p. 55, fig. 55).
4. Subminoan/Early Geometric clay model from Archanes (Andronikos, 1979. p. 54, fig. 54).
Picture 36: The MM HI «Lilies» fresco from the Amnissos villa (Marinatos and Hirmer, 1959. fig. XXII).
Picture 37: 1. Detail of the «Blue Bird» fresco from Knossos (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p. 204).
2. Fresco with a seated female figure from Phylakopi (Hood, 1978. p. 63, fig. 35A).
3. Relief fresco with seated female figure from Pseira (Hood, 1978. p. 63, fig. 35B).
Picture 38: The «Cup Bearer» fresco fragment from the Palace of Knossos, LM I (Marinatos and Hirmer, 1959. fig. XV).
Picture 39: Fresco with «taurokathapsia» (bull leaping) scene from the Palace of Knossos, LM I (Marinatos and Hirmer,
1959. fig. XVII).
Picture 40: 1. LH I grave stele from Grave V, Grave Circle A, Mycenae (Hood, 1978. p. 119, fig. 78).
2. The latest relief grave stele from Grave Circle A, Mycenae (Hood, 1978. p. 122, fig. 81).
Picture 41: 1. Detail of the «Siege Rhyton» from Mycenae (Hallager, 1985. p. 66, fig. 25e).
2. Fresco fragment with «Minoan Genii» carrying a palanquin from Tsountas House, Mycenae (Marinatos and Hirmer, 1959)
Picture 42: Some examples of the granulation and filigree techniques.
1. Gold bead shaped like a frog from Koumasa decorated with granulation (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p. 121).
2. Gold bead from the Kalathiana tholos tomb decorated with the filigree technique (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p.
121).
3. Gold pendant from the Chrysolakkos Cemetery, Mallia (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p. 204).
4. Gold bead shaped like a couchant lion (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p. 204).
5. Gold bead of a necklace shaped like a duck (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p. 204).
ix
Picture 43: Some examples of the granulation technique and the use of gold caps.
1. Gold ring from the Vapheio tholos tomb decorated with the filigree technique (Demakopoulou, 1998. p. 108, no. 43).
2. Gold ring from the Pylos tholos tomb IV decorated with granulation (Demakopoulou, 1998. p. 108, no. 44).
3. Gold bead from the Vapheio tholos tomb decorated with granulation (Demakopoulou, 1998. p. 108, no. 42).
4. Gold beads from the Spata tholos tomb decorated with granulation (Demakopoulou, 1998. p. 109, nos. 46 48).
5. Frontal and back view of a sard lentoid seal from Aidonia chamber tomb 8 (CMS V Suppl. IB, no. 116), decorated with
gold caps (Demakopoulou, 1998. p. 60, no. 39).
Picture 44: 1. The «Master Impression» clay sealing from Kastelli, Chania (Hallager, 1985. p. 52, fig. 11).
2. The «Mother of the Mountain» clay sealing from Knossos (Hood, 1978. p. 278, fig. 234).
Picture 45: The four seals from Grave Circle B at Mycenae.
1. Amethyst lentoid seal from Grave G, Grave Circle B, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 5) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p.
253).
2. Carnelian amygdaloid seal from Grave M, Grave Circle B, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 6).
3. Sard amygdaloid seal from Grave O, Grave Circle B, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 7).
4. Sard lentoid seal from Grave R, Grave Circle B, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 8).
Picture 46: 1. Gold seal from Grave III, Grave Circle A, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 9) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p.
244).
2. Gold seal from Grave III, Grave Circle A, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 16) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971.p.255).
Picture 47:1. Gold ring from Shaft Grave IV, Grave Circle A, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 11) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.),
1971. p. 286).
2 Gold ring from Grave IV, Grave Circle A, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 15) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p. 245).
Picture 48: Gold ring from the Mycenae acropolis (CMS I, no. 17) (Tzedakis and Martlew (eds.), 1999. p. 267).
Picture 49: 1. Gold ring from chamber tomb 55, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 86) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 94, fig. 16).
2. Red jasper ring from chamber tomb 58, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 89).
3. Gold ring from chamber tomb 58, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 91).
Picture 50: 1. Gold/silver ring from chamber tomb 66, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 101) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p.
250).
2. Gold/silver ring from chamber tomb 71, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 108) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 93, fig. 14).
Picture 51: 1. Rock crystal amygdaloid seal from chamber tomb 79, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 112).
2. Agate lentoid seal from chamber tomb 83, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 116).
3. Gold ring from chamber tomb 84, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 119).
Picture 52: 1. Gold ring from chamber tomb 91, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 127) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 92, fig. 13).
2. Gold ring from chamber tomb 91, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 128).
Picture 53:1. Sard lentoid seal from chamber tomb 515, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 144) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 95, fig.
18).
2. Clay sealing from Mycenae (CMS I, no. 163).
3. Clay sealing from Mycenae (CMS I, no. 171).
4. Bronze ring from chamber tomb 1, Asine (CMS I, no. 200).
Picture 54: 1. Gold ring from the Tiryns Treasure (CMS I, no. 179) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p. 299).
2. Gold ring from the Tiryns Treasure (CMS I, no. 180) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p. 277).
Picture 55: 1. Sardonyx lentoid seal from chamber tomb 8, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 46) (Demakopoulou (ed), 1998. p. 97, fig.
21).
2. Amethyst amygdaloid seal from chamber tomb 52, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 85) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 97, fig. 22).
3. Onyx lentoid seal from the Dendra tholos tomb (CMS I, no. 185) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 97, fig. 23).
4. The three sides of an agate prismatic seal from the Dendra chamber tomb 10 (CMS I, no. 193) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998.
p. 98, fig. 24).
Picture 56: 1. Gold ring from chamber tomb 91, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 126).
2. Gold ring from chamber tomb 10, Midea (CMS I, no. 191).
Picture 57: 1. Gold ring from the Vapheio tholos tomb (CMS I, no. 219).
X
2. Chalcedony lentoid seal from the Vapheio tholos tomb (CMS I, no. 220) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 99, fig. 25).
Picture 58: 1. Red jasper lentoid seal from the Vapheio tholos tomb (CMS I, no. 223) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 99, fig.
26).
2. Jasper lentoid seal from the Vapheio tholos tomb (CMS I, no. 224).
3. Chalcedony lentoid seal from the Vapheio tholos tomb (CMS I, no. 227).
4. Sard amygdaloid seal from the Vapheio tholos tomb (CMS I, no. 230) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 99, fig. 27).
5. Agate lentoid seal from the Vapheio tholos tomb (CMS I, no. 231).
6. Amethyst three sided prism from the Vapheio tholos tomb (CMS I, no. 233b).
Picture 59: 1. Sardonyx lentoid seal from the Myrsinochori Routsi tholos tomb II (CMS I, no. 275).
2. Agate lentoid seal from the Myrsinochori Routsi tholos tomb II (CMS I, no. 276) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 101, fig.
30).
3. Agate lentoid seal from the Myrsinochori Routsi tholos tomb II (CMS I, no. 278) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 101, fig.
31).
4. Sard lentoid seal from the Myrsinochori Routsi tholos tomb II (CMS I, no. 279) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 101, fig,
29).
Picture 60:1. Gold ring from the Pylos tholos tomb D (CMS I, no. 292).
2. Clay sealing from the Pylos Palace (CMS I, no. 293).
3. Clay sealing from the Pylos Palace, Room 98 (CMS I, no. 324).
4. Clay sealing from the Pylos Palace (CMS I, no. 377). 5. Clay sealing from the Pylos Palace (CMS I, no. 379).
Picture 61:1. Agate ring from the Spata tholos tomb, Athens (CMS I, no. 383).
2. Ivory ring from Phylakopi, Melos (CMS I, no. 410).
Picture 62:1. Gold ring from Crete (CMS I, no. 514).
2. Gold ring in the Athens National Museum (CMS I Suppl., no. 114).
3. Clay sealing from Polochni (CMS I Suppl., no. 170).
Picture 63: A selection of seals from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A.
1. Ivory theriomorphic seal from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A (CMS II1, no. 20).
2. Ivory theriomorphic seal from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A (CMS II1, no. 21).
3. Ivory seal from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A (CMS II1, no. 23).
Picture 64: A selection of seals from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A.
1. Ivory seal from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A (CMS II1, no. 27).
2. Ivory flask shaped seal from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A (CMS II 1, no. 28).
3. Ivory seal from the Agia Triada Tholos Tomb A (CMS II1, no. 29).
Picture 65: A selection of seals from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A.
1. Ivory ring seal from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A (CMS II 1, no. 32).
2. Ivory conoid seal from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A (CMS II 1, no. 41).
3. Ivory three sided prism seal from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A (CMS II 1, no. 55).
Picture 66: 1. Ivory semi globular seal from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A (CMS II 1, no. 96).
2. Ivory cylinder seal from the Agios Onouphrios tholos tomb (CMS II 1, no. 105).
3. White steatite scaraboid seal from the Agios Onouphrios tholos tomb (CMS II 1, no. 119).
4. Ivory seal from Kalathiana tholos tomb (CMS II 1, no. 126).
Picture 67: 1. Ivory theriomorphic seal from Koumasa tholos tomb B (CMS II 1, no. 133) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.),
1971. p. 119).
2. Olive green/black steatite three sided prism seal from Koumasa tholos tomb A (CMS II 1, no. 145).
3. Chlorite flattened cylinder seal from Lenda Lebena tholos tomb II (CMS II 1, no. 196).
4. Chlorite conoid seal from Lenda Lebena tholos tomb Ila (CMS II I, no. 206).
5. Bone theriomorphic seal from Lenda Lebena tholos tomb Ila (CMS II 1, no. 216).
Picture 68: 1. Ivory cylinder seal from Marathokephalo tholos tomb (CMS II1, no. 222) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.),
1971. p. 115).
2. Ivory cylinder seal from Platanos tholos tomb A (CMS II 1, no. 248).
3. Ivory theriomorphic seal from Platanos tholos tomb A (CMS II 1, no. 249) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p. 119).
xi
Picture 69: A selection of seals from the Platanos tholos tombs A and B.
1. Ivory cylinder seal from Platanos tholos tomb A (CMS II1, no. 251).
2. Ivory cushion seal from Platanos tholos tomb A (CMS II1, no. 253).
3. Ivory Egyptian scarab from Platanos tholos tomb B (CMS II1, no. 283).
4. Ivory seal from Platanos tholos tomb B (CMS II 1, no. 287).
5. Ivory cylinder seal from Platanos tholos tomb B (CMS II1, no. 300).
6. Ivory cylinder seal from Platanos tholos tomb B (CMS II1, no. 311).
7. Ivory cylinder seal from Platanos tholos tomb B (CMS II1, no. 312).
Picture 70:1. Ivory disc seal from Porti tholos tomb (CMS II 1, no. 355).
2. Olive green steatite stamp seal from Porti tholos tomb (CMS II1, no. 365).
3. Green black steatite disc seal from Porti tholos tomb (CMS II 1, no. 367).
4. Ivory cylinder seal from Archanes (CMS II1, no. 382).
5. Red jasper button seal from Kamilari (CMS II2, no. 6).
Picture 71: EM II, EM III and EM III MMIIA seals from the Phourni cemetery at Archanes.
1. EM II seals from Tholos Tomb E, Phourni cemetery, Archanes (Sakellarakis Sakellarakis, 1997. p. 672, fig. 742).
2. EM III seals from Tholos Tomb G, Phourni cemetery, Archanes (Sakellarakis Sakellarakis, 1997. p. 673, fig. 743).
3. EM III MM IIA seals from Tholos Tomb E, Phourni cemetery, Archanes (Sakellarakis Sakellarakis, 1997. p. 684, fig. 778).
Picture 72: EM III MM IIA and MM IA seals from the Phourni cemetery at Archanes.
1, 2,3. EM III MM IIA ivory seals from Funerary Building 6, Phourni cemetery, Archanes (Sakellarakis Sakellarakis, 1997.
p. 678, fig. 758).
4. EM III MM IIA ivory seal from Funerary Building 3, Phourni cemetery, Archanes (Sakellarakis Sakellarakis, 1997. p. 678,
fig. 755).
5. EM III MM IIA ivory seals from Funerary Building 18, Phourni cemetery, Archanes (Sakellarakis Sakellarakis, 1997. p.
682, fig. 771).
6. MM IA ivory seal shaped in the form of a couchant dog from Funerary Building 7, Phourni cemetery, Archanes
(Sakellarakis Sakellarakis, 1997. p.688, fig. 783).
7. MM IA ivory seal shaped in the form of a female figure with folded arms from Funerary Building 7, Phourni cemetery,
Archanes (Sakellarakis Sakellarakis, 1997. p. 687, fig. 781).
8. MM IA ivory seal shaped in the form of a fly from Funerary Building 6, Phourni cemetery, Archanes (Sakellarakis
Sakellarakis, 1997. p. 689, fig. 787).
Picture 73: 1. Ivory seal from Archanes with fourteen sphragistic surfaces (CMS II1, no. 391) and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p.
118).
2. Sphragistic surfaces of CMS II 1, no. 391 from Archanes.
Picture 74: Sphragistic surfaces of CMS II 1, no. 391 from Archanes.
Picture 75: 1. Ivory cushion seal from Knossos (CMS II2, no. 70).
2. Black green steatite disc seal from Mallia Palace (CMS II2, no. 76).
3. Green steatite conoid seal from the Mallia Workshop (CMS II2, no. 127).
4. Gray black steatite four sided prism seal from the Mallia Workshop (CMS II2, no. 153).
5. Gray green steatite three sided prism seal from the Mallia Workshop (CMS II2, no. 159).
6. Gray black steatite three sided prism seal from Mallia Workshop (CMS II2, no. 182).
7. Olive green steatite three sided prism seal from Mallia (CMS II2, no. 243).
Picture 76: Clay sealings from the Hieroglyphic Deposit at Knossos (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p. 147).
Picture 77: 1. Clay sealings from the hieroglyphic Deposit, Knossos.
2. Clay sealings from the Temple Repositories Deposit, Knossos.
3. Lentoid seal from Knossos Palace (CMS II 3, no. 8).
4. Lentoid seal from Tomb at Sanatorium, Knossos (CMS II 3, no. 63).
Picture 78: 1. Gold ring from the Isopata Necropolis (CMS II 3, no. 51) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p. 224).
2. Gold ring from the Isopata Necropolis, Knossos (CMS II 3, no. 56).
Picture 79: 1. Gold ring from the Kalyvia Necropolis (CMS II 3, no. 103).
2. Gold ring from the Kalyvia Necropolis (CMS II3, no. 114).
3. Gold ring from Sellopoulo Tomb 3 (Warren, 1990. p. 194).
Picture 80: 1. Black hematite Syrian Stamp cylinder seal from Tylissos (CMS II 3, no. 128).
2. Black limestone lentoid seal from Knossos(?) (CMS II 3, no. 170).
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3. Gold ring from Avgo/Kavousi (CMS II 3, no. 305).
4. Gold ring from Crete (CMS II 3, no. 326).
Picture 81: Clay sealings from the Phaistos Deposit.
1. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 59).
2. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 60).
3. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 132).
4. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 133).
5. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 140).
6. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 171).
7. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 191).
8. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 192).
9. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 209).
10. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 218).
11. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 254).
12. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 255).
Picture 82: Clay sealings from the Phaistos Deposit.
1. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 258).
2. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 270).
3. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 272).
4. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 304).
5. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 311).
6. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 322).
7. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 324).
Picture 83: Clay sealings from Agia Triada.
1. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II6, no. 1).
2. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 2).
3. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 4).
Picture 84a: Clay sealings from Agia Triada.
1. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II6, no. 3).
2. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 5).
3. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 6).
4. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 8).
5. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 9).
6. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II6, no. 10).
7. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 11).
Picture 84b: Clay sealings from Agia Triada.
8. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 13).
9. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 16).
10. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 20).
11. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II6, no. 21).
12 Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 26).
13. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 33).
14. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 74).
15. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 107).
Picture 85: Clay sealings from Agia Triada.
1. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 15).
2. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 17).
3. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 19).
4. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 30).
5. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 36).
6. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 43).
7. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 44).
8. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 106).
Picture 86: Clay sealings from Sklavokampos.
1. Clay sealing from Sklavokampos (CMS II6, no. 255).
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2. Clay sealing from Sklavokampos (CMS II 6, no. 256).
3. Clay sealing from Sklavokampos (CMS II 6, no. 260).
4. Clay sealing from Sklavokampos (CMS II 6, no. 261).
5. Clay sealing from Sklavokampos (CMS II 6, no. 267).
6. Clay sealing from Sklavokampos (CMS II 6, no. 268).
Picture 87: Clay sealings from Kato Zakros.
1. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 1).
2. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 6).
3. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II7, no. 7).
4. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 8).
5. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 36).
6. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 37).
7. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II7, no. 38).
8. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 39).
Picture 88: Clay sealings from Kato Zakros.
1. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II7, no. 73).
2. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 83).
3. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 84).
4. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 104b).
5. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 117).
6. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II7, no. 118).
7. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 121).
8. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 122).
9. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 123).
10. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II7, no. 126).
11. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 127).
12. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II7, no. 129b).
Picture 89: Clay sealings from Kato Zakros.
1. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 137).
2. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II7, no. 150).
3. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no.. 159).
4. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 176).
5. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 177).
6. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 108).
7. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 196).
8. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 217).
9. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II7, no. 218).
Picture 90: EH II sealings from mainland Greece.
1. Clay sealing from Myrtos (CMS V 1, no. 20).
2. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 48).
3. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 49).
4. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 50).
5. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no 52).
6. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 53).
7. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 54).
8. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 59).
9. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 78).
10. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 79).
11. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 81).
12. Clay Sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 93).
13. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 95).
14. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 97).
15. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 100).
Picture 91; 1. Gold ring from the Athens Agora (CMS V 1, no. 173).
2. Lapis lacedaemonius lentoid seal from Pyrgos Psilonero (CMS V 1, no. 201).
3. Gold ring from the Medeon cemetery (CMS V 1, no. 336).
4. Black steatite lentoid seal from the Medeon cemetery (CMS V 1, no. 337).
xiv
5. Glass paste lentoid seal from the Medeon cemetery (CMS V 1, no. 348).
6. Glass paste lentoid seal from the Medeon cemetery (CMS V 1, no. 349).
7. Dark red steatite matrix form Eleusis (CMS V 2, no. 422).
Picture 92: Seals and seal impressions from Neolithic Greece.
1. Clay pintadera from Dikili Tash (CMS V 2, no. 449).
2. Clay sealing from Agia Irini (CMS V 2, no. 464).
3. Stamped pottery design from Agia Irini (CMS V 2, no. 475).
4. Gray limestone lentoid seal from Agia Irini (CMS V 2, no. 500).
5. Stamped pottery design from Zygouries (CMS V 2, no. 503).
6. Clay conoid seal from Poliochni (CMS V 2, no. 518).
7. Clay sealing from Asine (CMS V 2, no. 520).
8. Clay sealing from Asine (CMS V 2, no. 521).
9. Clay sealing from Asine (CMS V 2, no. 522).
Picture 93: Seals and seal impressions from Neolithic Greece.
1. Clay conoid seal from Grotta, Naxos (CMS V 2, no. 603).
2. Olive green steatite conoid seal from Thebes (CMS V 2, no. 668).
3. Clay pintadera from Eutresis (CMS V 2, no. 681).
4. Clay pintadera from Nea Nikomedeia (CMS V 2, no. 693).
5. Clay pintadera from Nea Nikomedeia (CMS V 2, no. 694).
6. Clay pintadera from Nea Nikomedeia (CMS V 2, no. 699).
7. Clay pintadera from Nea Nikomedeia (CMS V 2, no. 700).
8. Clay pintadera from Nea Nikomedeia (CMS V 2, no. 707).
9. Clay pintadera from Nea Nikomedeia (CMS V 2, no. 708).
10. Clay pintadera from Sesklo (CMS V 2, no. 712).
11. Clay pintadera from Sesklo (CMS V 2, no. 713).
12. Clay pintadera from Sesklo B Almyros (CMS V 2, no. 717).
Picture 94:1. Shape of a clay seal from Neolithic Sesklo.
2. Gray/green limestone cylinder seal from Grave D at Kapros in Amorgos (Hood, 1978. p. 258., fig. 211G).
3. Lead oblong seal from Skoteini Cave, Tharrounia (CMS V Suppl. IB, no. 349).
4. Green jasper four sided prism bead seal in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (CMS XII, no. 113).
Picture 95: 1. Amethyst cylinder seal from Kazarma tholos tomb (CMS V 2, no. 585).
2.3.4. Bronze ring from Agios Charalambos (CMS V Suppl. 1 A, no. 45).
5. Silver ring from Agios Charalambos (CMS V Suppl. 1 A, no. 46).
6. Brown gray agate lentoid seal from Knossos(?) (CMS V Suppl. 1 A, no. 75).
7. Clay sealing from Chania (CMS V Suppl. 1 A, no. 177).
Picture 96: «The Goddess from Beyond» in mythological scenes.
1. Gold ring from Mochlos (CMS II3, no. 252).
2. Anthracite coloured steatite amygdaloid seal from Makrygialos (CMS V Suppl. 1 A, no. 55).
Picture 97: 1. Gold ring from Thebes (CMS V 1, no. 199).
2. Clay sealing from Chania (CMS V Suppl. 1A, no. 180).
Picture 98: Gold rings from the Aidonia Treasure.
1. Gold ring from chamber tomb 7, Aidonia cemetery, Nemea (CMS V Suppl. IB, no. 113) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 49,
fig. 16).
2. Gold ring from chamber tomb 7, Aidonia cemetery, Nemea (CMS V Suppl. IB, no. 114) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 49,
fig. 17).
3. Gold ring from chamber tomb 7, Aidonia cemetery, Nemea (CMS V Suppl. IB, no. 115) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 50,
fig. 18).
Picture 99: Gold rings from the Aidonia Treasure.
1. Gold ring from the Aidonia cemetery, Nemea (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 70, fig. 1).
2. Gold ring from the Aidonia cemetery, Nemea (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 71, fig. 2).
Picture 100: 1. Clay sealing from Chania (CMS V Suppl. 1 A, no. 178).
2. Clay sealing from Chania (CMS V Suppl. 1 A, no. 176).
3. Gold ring from Anthia (CMS V suppl. IB, no. 135).
xv
4. Gold ring from Anthia (CMS V Suppl. IB no. 137).
Picture 101: 1. Gold ring in the Berlin Museum (CMS XI, no. 29).
2. Gold ring from Thebes (CMS XI, no. 30).
Picture 102: Epiphany scenes.
1. The «Epiphany ring» from Knossos in Oxford.
2. Gold ring from Knossos (CMS II 3, no. 15).
3. Gold ring in the Berlin Museum (CMS XI, no. 28).
Picture 103: 1. The gold «ring of Minos» (Platon in Hagg and Marinatos (eds.), 1984. p. 66).
2. The gold «ring of Nestor» (Evans, 1925. p. 65, fig. 55).
Picture 104:1. Gold ring from chamber tomb 55, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 87).
2. Gold ring from chamber tomb 520, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 155).
3. «The Danicourt ring» (CMS XI, no. 272).
Picture 105:1. Gold ring from Tholos Tomb A, Phourni cemetery, Archanes (Sakellarakis Sakellarakis, 1997. p. 655, fig.
722).
2. Gold ring from Tholos Tomb B, Phourni cemetery, Archanes (Sakellarakis Sakellarakis, 1997. p. 653, fig. 719).
Picture 106:1. Ring from Poros (Dimopoulou and Rethemiotakis, 2000. p. 43, fig. 4c).
2. Seal from Galatas (Dimopoulou and Rethemiotakis, 2000. p. 45, fig. 5).
xvi
COLOUR PICTURES
Picture I: Materials (Boardman, 1970. p. 29).
1. Green steatite prism (CS 41).
2. Green steatite prism (CS 98).
3. White agate prism (CS 109).
4. Green jasper prism (CS 170).
5. Carnelian prism (CS 174).
6. Chalcedony loop signet (CS 121).
7. Yellow jasper loop signet (CS 117).
8. Green jasper loop signet (CS 139).
9. Green jasper loop signet (CS 118).
10. Carnelian loop signet (CS 142).
11. Agate stamp seal shaped like a sea shell (CS 136).
12. Carnelian stamp seal with an S relief back (CS 131).
13. Carnelian stamp seal shaped like a human hand (CS 127).
14. Carnelian stamp seal shaped like a duck (CS 128).
Picture II: Materials (Boardman, 1970. p. 39).
1. Chalcedony stamp seal shaped like two joined animal foreparts (CS 132).
2. Blue chalcedony theriomorphic seal shaped like a crouching cat (CS 139).
3. Agate stamp seal shaped like a duck (CS 125).
4. Sardonyx theriomorphic seal shaped like a sitting monkey (CS 134).
5. Oval hematite seal with an «architectural» motif (CS 157).
6. Red jasper lentoid seal with an «architectural» motif (CS 153).
7. Hematite amygdaloid seal with a «talismanic» motif (CS 276).
8. Carnelian amygdaloid seal with a «talismanic» motif (CMS VIII, no. 58).
9. Carnelian amygdaloid seal with a «talismanic» motif (CMS VIII, no. 62).
10. Carnelian amygdaloid seal with a «talismanic» motif (CS 179).
11. Carnelian flattened cylinder seal with the representation of a horned sheep (CS 200).
12. Steatite flattened cylinder seal covered in gold leaf (CS 203).
xvii
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER THREE
Table 1. List of the main tombs of the Messara plain
CHAPTER SIX
Table 2. The main representational motifs from the Mallia Workshop
Table 3. Suggested dates for the Phaistos deposit
Table 4. The main motifs of the Phaistos sealings
Table 5. The main important representational motifs of the Phaistos deposit
CHAPTER EIGHT
Table 6. The main naturalistic motifs from the Temple Repositories deposit
Table 7. Types of sealings from the Zakros deposit
Table 8. The typology of the monster and demonic iconographic types from the Zakros deposit and their variations
CHAPTER NINE
Table 9. The typology of the designs in the Agia Triada deposit
Table 10. The gallery of ritual and monumental scenes in the Agia Triada sealings
CHAPTER ELEVEN
Table 11. The typology of the female divine figures in the glyptic of the Neopalatial period
LIST OF CHARTS
APPENDIX I
Chart 1. Seals from sites of the Early Minoan Ill Late Minoan I period. Chronology of sealstones and sealings dated by a
pottery context
Chart 2. Metal seals Signet rings from the Early and Middle Bronze Age
Chart 3. The thematic material of the representation of the human figure in the Late Bronze Age Aegean glyptic
APPENDIX D
Chart 4. The religious architectural elements of Late Bronze Age sealstones and finger rings
Chart 5. The religious decorative elements of Late Bronze Age sealstones and finger rings
xviii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF PICTURES viii
LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS xviii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xix
INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER ONE
THE TYPOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE SEALING SYSTEMS IN THE MINOAN ADMINISTRATION 7
1.1. Seals and sealings: Interpretation of the terms 7
1.2. The presence and use of archives in the Minoan world. «Final», «abandoned» and «living» archives 8
1.3. The development of the sealing systems in the Minoan world 9
1.4. Seal engraving areas and lapidary workshops in the Aegean world 12
1.5. The case of the «talismanic» class of Minoan seals 13
CHAPTER TWO
THE CULTURAL BACKGROUND OF SEALS BEFORE THE MINOAN PERIOD: THE NEOLITHIC AND
EARLY BRONZE AGE PERIODS 15
2.1. The seals of the Neolithic Greek mainland 15
2.2. The Early Helladic II sealings from the House of Tiles at Lerna. Seals and sealings from other Early Bronze Age
settlements in mainland Greece 15
2.3. The microglyptic art in metals in the Early Bronze Age: The evidence for the earliest metal seals in the Aegean
world 18
CHAPTER THREE
THE PREPALATIAL PERIOD: SEALS OF THE EARLY MINOAN II MIDDLE MINOAN IA (ca. 2900
2300/2026 to 2160/1979 1900 BC): CHRONOLOGY, SHAPES, MATERIALS AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS
OF THE EM III/MM IA SEALS 20
3.1. Seals of the Early Minoan II III: The evidence from the Messara tholos tombs 20
3.2. Seals of the Early Minoan Ill/Middle Minoan IA 22
3.2.1. General remarks 22
3.2.2. Materials and shapes 23
3.2.3. Tools and techniques 25
3.3. The appearance and development of the three sided prism seals 26
CHAPTER FOUR
THE PREPALATIAL PERIOD: SEALS OF THE EARLY MINOAN II MIDDLE MINOAN IA (ca. 2900
2300/2026 to 2160/1979 1900 BC): DESIGNS AND MOTIFS OF THE EM III/MM IA SEALS WITH
SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE MOST REPRESENTATIVE DEPOSITS 28
4.1. Designs and motifs of the Early Minoan Ill/Middle Minoan IA seals 28
4.2. The Early Minoan Ill/Middle Minoan IA seals from the tholos tombs A and B at Platanos 30
4.2.1. Designs and motifs of the seals from Platanos 30
4.3. The Prepalatial seals from the Phourni cemetery at Archanes 31
4.3.1. The Early Minoan III seals from the Phourni cemetery at Archanes: Designs and motifs 32
4.3.2. The Middle Minoan IA seals from the Phourni cemetery at Archanes: Designs and motifs 33
CHAPTER FIVE
THE PROTOPALATIAL PERIOD: SEALS OF THE MIDDLE MINOAN IB MIDDLE MINOAN IHA (ca.
1800 1700 to 1700/1650 1640/1630 BC): SHAPES, MATERIALS AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS 35
5.1. General remarks 35
5.2. Materials 36
5.3. Tools and techniques 38
CHAPTER SIX
THE PROTOPALATIAL PERIOD: SEALS OF THE MIDDLE MINOAN IB MIDDLE MINOAN IHA
(ca. 1800 1700 to 1700/1650 1640/1630 BC): DESIGNS AND MOTIFS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
THE MOST REPRESENTATIVE DEPOSITS 41
6.1. General remarks 41
6.2. The Mallia Workshop 41
6.2.1. Designs and motifs of the seals from the Mallia workshop 41
6.3. The Phaistos Deposit 43
6.3.1. Designs and motifs of the seals from the Phaistos Deposit 43
6.4. The Hieroglyphic Deposit at Knossos 46
6.4.1. Designs and motifs of the seals from the Hieroglyphic Deposit at Knossos 47
CHAPTER SEVEN
THE NEOPALATIAL PERIOD: SEALS AND FINGER RINGS OF THE MIDDLE MINOAN IIIB LATE
MINOAN D3 (ca. 1640/1630 1600 to 1480 1425 BC): SHAPES, MATERIALS, TECHNICAL ASPECTS AND
ICONOGRAPHIC ELEMENTS. THE FIRST METAL SIGNET RINGS IN THE AEGEAN 49
7.1. General remarks 49
7.2. Materials and techniques 50
7.3. Metal signet rings of the Neopalatial period 50
7.3.1. General remarks 50
7.3.2. Materials and techniques 50
7.4. The earliest metal signet rings in the Aegean 53
CHAPTER EIGHT
THE NEOPALATIAL PERIOD: SEALS OF THE MIDDLE MINOAN IIIB LATE MINOAN IB (ca.
1640/1630 1600 to 1480 1425 BC): DEPOSITS AND ICONOGRAPHY WITH REFERENCE TO THE MOST
REPRESENTATIVE DEPOSITS 57
8.1. General remarks 57
8.2. The Temple Repositories Deposit at Knossos 57
8.2.1. The date and function of the Temple Repositories Deposit 57
8.2.2. Designs and motifs of the seal ings from the East Temple Repository Deposit 58
8.3. The Zakros sealings 61
8.3.1. Designs and motifs of the sealings from the Zakros Deposit with reference to the Zakros Master 62
8.4. The Sklavokampos sealings 63
8.4.1. Designs and motifs of the sealings from the Sklavokampos Deposit 63
8.5. Notes on the evidence for the cultural interaction between Near Eastern and Minoan seal motifs in Neopalatial
Crete 65
CHAPTER NEVE
THE NEOPALATIAL PERIOD: SEALS OF THE MIDDLE MINOAN niB LATE MINOAN IB
(ca. 1640/1630 1600 to 1480 1425 BC): THE AGIA TRIADA DEPOSIT AND ITS RELATION TO MINOAN
RELIGIOUS ICONOGRAPHY 67
9.1. General remarks 67
9.2. The Agia Triada Deposit 67
9.2.1. The sealings and the function of the archive 67
9.2.2. Designs and motifs of the sealings from the Agia Triada Deposit 68
9.3. Interpretation of the iconography in the Agia Triada deposit 69
CHAPTER TEN
READING IMAGES IN THE AEGEAN RELIGIOUS ICONOGRAPHY. ASPECTS OF MINOAN RITUAL
IN THE PREPALATTAL AND PALATIAL TIMES AND THE QUESTION OF METHODOLOGY 71
10.1. The dynamics of Minoan cult and ritual from Prepalatial towards the Palatial times 71
10.1.1. Notes on the Prepalatial Minoan ritual action 71
10.1.2. Notes on Palatial Minoan ritual action 73
10.2. Reading images in glyptic iconography and the identification of ritual action: The question of methodology 74
CHAPTER ELEVEN
RELIGIOUS ICONOGRAPHY I: «IMAGES OF A DIVEVITY». THE CONFIGURATION AND
DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIVINE FIGURE AND THE EVIDENCE FOR RITUAL ACTION IN MINOAN
RELIGIOUS SCENES IN GLYPTIC 78
11.1. The representation of the human figure in the Bronze Age Aegean glyptic: General remarks 78
11.2. Gestures 80
11.3. Representations of cult activities and divine figures in three dimensional forms and in glyptic during the
Prepalatial, Neopalatial and Postpalatial periods 81
11.3.1. The foundations of religious iconography: Early representations of cult activities and religious symbolism in
glyptic. Early Minoan Prepalatial female deities/ «Goddesses» 81
11.3.2. The divine figure in the Middle and Late Bronze Age Aegean glyptic: Female deities/ «Goddesses» of the
Protopalatial and Neopalatial periods 82
11.3.3. The divine female figure in the end of the Late Bronze Age in the Aegean: Female deities/ «Goddesses» of the
Postpalatial period 84
11.4. The male figure in the Late Bronze Age glyptic in the Aegean: Male deities/«Gods» 85
CHAPTER TWELVE
RELIGIOUS ICONOGRAPHY II: THE «SECRET WORLD» OF THE CRETO MYCENAEAN RELIGIOUS
IMAGERY. THE EVIDENCE FOR RITUALS AND THE TYPOLOGY OF RITUAL ACTION IN GLYPTIC
ICONOGRAPHY 88
12.1. General remarks: A note on the subject of architecture in the Minoan and Mycenaean glyptic of the Late Bronze
Age 88
12.2. Case Study I: The epiphany of the divinity: An examination of the most securely identified Minoan ritual in
glyptic 88
12.3. Case Study II: Glyptic image and archaeological reality: The case of the sacred enclosures/Temenoi 90
12.4. Case Study III: A re evaluation of the possible meaning of baetyls/omphaloi in glyptic 92
12.5. Case Study IV: Implications and considerations of the «sacred» tree motif in glyptic 94
CONCLUSIONS 96
APPENDIX I
Chart 1. Seals from sites of the Early Minoan Ill Late Minoan I period. Chronology of sealstones and sealings dated
by a pottery context 102
Chart 2. Signet rings from the Early and Middle Bronze Age 106
Chart 3. The thematic material of the representation of the human figure in the Late Bronze Age Aegean glyptic 108
APPENDIX II
Chart 4. The religious architectural elements of Late Bronze Age sealstones and finger rings 116
Chart 5. The religious decorative elements of Late Bronze Age sealstones and finger rings 121
APPENDIX III
CONCORDANCE 126
BD3LIOGRAPHY 129
PICTURES 151
INDEX 263
LIST OF PICTURES
Picture 1: The tripartite system of classification for the chronology of the Minoan, Cycladic and Mycenaean periods and
subperiods.
Picture 2: Chronological table with suggested dates for the Minoan, Cycladic and Mycenaean civilizations (Warren and
Hankey, 1989).
Picture 3: Suggested outline for absolute chronology (Dickinson, 1994. p. 19).
Picture 4: Map of Crete with the main sites mentioned in the text.
Picture 5: Map of Southern and Central Greece with the main sites mentioned in the text.
Picture 6: Diagram of seal types (Dickinson, 1994. p. 190, fig. 5.42).
Picture 7: Diagram of seals, sealings, and clay sealings and documents (Rehak and Younger, 1998. p. 113).
Picture 8: Diagram of seal shapes and sizes.
Picture 9: Diagram of seal profiles.
Picture 10: Map with the distribution of minerals in the world (Wartke in Brandt (ed.), 1997. p. 44, fig. 32).
Picture 11: Various reconstructions of the bow lathe in the fragmentary tombstone of Doros of Sardis, the engraver of
ringstones of Philadelphia in Lydia, 2nd century AD (preserved height: 74 cm, width: 30 cm.) (Merrillees, 1990. pi. 2).
1. After Kontoleon, 1890. p. 333.
2. After Furtwangler, 1900. p. 399, fig. 206.
3. After Feldhaus, 1914. p. 212, fig. 147.
4. After Charleston, 1964. p. 85, fig. 2.
5. After Boardman, 1970. p. 381, fig. 316.
6. After Gorelick and Gwinnett, 1979. p. 25, fig. 20.
7. After Younger, 1984. p. 32, fig. 2.
8. After Yule and Schumann, 1981. p. 277, fig. 6.
Picture 12: 1. Detail of the fresco from the tomb of Tiy at Saqarra (Collon (ed.), 1997. p. 46, fig. 2/20).
2. Detail of the fresco from the tomb of Rekhmere (Rekh mi re) at Thebes (Davies, 1973. p. 49, pi. LIV).
Picture 13: Map with the distribution of seals and seal impressions in Early Bronze Age Greece (Kosmopoulos, 1991. p. 103,
fig. 9.1).
Picture 14: 1. Plan of EH II Lerna III and the «House of Tiles» (Dickinson, 1994. p. 59, fig. 4.8).
2. Plan of the Platanos cemetery at Messara (Dickinson, 1994. p. 213, fig. 6.3).
Picture 15: Plan of the Phourni cemetery at Archanes (Dickinson, 1994. p. 216, fig. 6.5).
Picture 16: Plan of Quartier Mu, Mallia (the darkened areas show the findspots of sealings) (CMS II 6. p. 193, fig. 4).
Picture 17: Plan of the MM II seal engraver's workshop at Quartier Mu, Mallia (Poursat et al, 1996. p. 9, fig. 2).
Picture 18: Plan of the Palace at Knossos showing distribution of latest sealings (Popham and Gill, 1995. pi. 1).
Picture 19: Plan of the Palace at Knossos showing the distribution of lapidary's workshops (Polinger Foster in Hagg and
Marinatos (eds.), 1987. p. 289, fig. 1).
Picture 20: 1. Plan of area of South Front Basements at the Palace at Knossos (Momigliano and Hood, 1994. P. 104, fig. 1).
2,3. Two seal impressions of the scene in the clay matrix from the Room of the Clay Signet (Popham and Gill, 1995. pi. 28,
nos. R1,R51,R54).
Picture 21: Plan of the Palace at Phaistos (Marinatos and Hirmer, 1959. p. 127, fig. 12).
Picture 22: Plan of the second Palace at Mallia (Marinatos and Hirmer, 1959. p. 132, fig. 14).
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Picture 23:1. Plan of the Palace at Kato Zakros (the dots indicate the findspots of sealings) (Myers and Cadogan, 1992. p.
294, fig. 44.3).
2. Plan of House A, Kato Zakros {CMS II 7. p. xvi).
Picture 24: Plan of the Palace at Agia Triada (the darkened area shows findspot of sealings) (Myers and Cadogan, 1992. p.
72, fig. 7.1).
Picture 25:1. Plan of the villa at Sklavokampos (the darkened area shows the findspot of sealings) (Marinatos, 1939 1941. p.
71).
2. Plan of LC I Akroriri, Thera (Dickinson, 1994. p. 66, fig. 4.16).
Picture 26: 1. Plan of the peak sanctuary at Mt Juktas (Dickinson, 1994. p. 271, fig. 8.4).
2. Plans of Minoan built shrines (Dickinson, 1994. p. 277, fig. 8.7).
Picture 27: Plan of the Greek Swedish excavations at Agias Aikaterinis Square, Chania (Hallager, 1985. p. 41, fig. 1).
Picture 28: 1. Plan of the Cult Centre at Mycenae (Dickinson, 1994. p. 289, fig. 8.12).
2. Plan of Late Bronze Age Phylakopi, Melos (Dickinson, 1994. p. 61, fig. 4.11).
Picture 29: 1. Plan of the Palace at Pylos (Dickinson, 1994. p. 156, fig. 5.31).
2. Plan of the excavations at the Kadmeion in Thebes (Tzedakis and Martlew, 1999. p. 119).
Picture 30:1. EM II Vasiliki Ware spouted jug from Vasiliki (Marinatos and Hirmer, 1959. fig. III).
2. MM II Kamares Ware jugs from Phaistos (Marinatos and Hirmer, 1959. fig. VIII).
Picture 31: 1. EM III MM small pottery types (Dickinson, 1994. p. 112, fig. 5.7).
2. EM III MM large pottery types (Dickinson, 1994. p. 113, fig. 5.8).
Picture 32: 1. MM IIIB LMIA pottery types (Dickinson, 1994. p. 116, fig. 5.10).
2. «Palatial» LM IB and LHIIA pottery types (Dickinson, 1994. p. 119, fig. 5.13).
Picture 33: 1. The LM I «Boxer's Rhyton» from Agia Triada (Marinatos and Hirmer, 1959. fig. 106).
2. The LM I «Chieftain's Cup» from Agia Triada (Marinatos and Hirmer, 1959. fig. 100).
Picture 34: Snake Goddess from the Temple Repositories at the Knossos Palace, MM III (Marinatos and Hirmer, 1959. fig,
XXIV).
Picture 35:1. The EM II «Lady of Myrtos» clay vessel goddess from Myrtos (Dickinson, 1994. p. 280, fig. 8.9.1).
2. EM III/MM IA anthropomorphic clay vessel from Mochlos (Dickinson, 1994. p. 280, fig. 8.9.2).
3. LM III clay goddess statue from Gazi (Andronikos, 1979. p. 55, fig. 55).
4. Subminoan/Early Geometric clay model from Archanes (Andronikos, 1979. p. 54, fig. 54).
Picture 36: The MM HI «Lilies» fresco from the Amnissos villa (Marinatos and Hirmer, 1959. fig. XXII).
Picture 37: 1. Detail of the «Blue Bird» fresco from Knossos (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p. 204).
2. Fresco with a seated female figure from Phylakopi (Hood, 1978. p. 63, fig. 35A).
3. Relief fresco with seated female figure from Pseira (Hood, 1978. p. 63, fig. 35B).
Picture 38: The «Cup Bearer» fresco fragment from the Palace of Knossos, LM I (Marinatos and Hirmer, 1959. fig. XV).
Picture 39: Fresco with «taurokathapsia» (bull leaping) scene from the Palace of Knossos, LM I (Marinatos and Hirmer,
1959. fig. XVII).
Picture 40: 1. LH I grave stele from Grave V, Grave Circle A, Mycenae (Hood, 1978. p. 119, fig. 78).
2. The latest relief grave stele from Grave Circle A, Mycenae (Hood, 1978. p. 122, fig. 81).
Picture 41: 1. Detail of the «Siege Rhyton» from Mycenae (Hallager, 1985. p. 66, fig. 25e).
2. Fresco fragment with «Minoan Genii» carrying a palanquin from Tsountas House, Mycenae (Marinatos and Hirmer, 1959)
Picture 42: Some examples of the granulation and filigree techniques.
1. Gold bead shaped like a frog from Koumasa decorated with granulation (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p. 121).
2. Gold bead from the Kalathiana tholos tomb decorated with the filigree technique (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p.
121).
3. Gold pendant from the Chrysolakkos Cemetery, Mallia (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p. 204).
4. Gold bead shaped like a couchant lion (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p. 204).
5. Gold bead of a necklace shaped like a duck (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p. 204).
ix
Picture 43: Some examples of the granulation technique and the use of gold caps.
1. Gold ring from the Vapheio tholos tomb decorated with the filigree technique (Demakopoulou, 1998. p. 108, no. 43).
2. Gold ring from the Pylos tholos tomb IV decorated with granulation (Demakopoulou, 1998. p. 108, no. 44).
3. Gold bead from the Vapheio tholos tomb decorated with granulation (Demakopoulou, 1998. p. 108, no. 42).
4. Gold beads from the Spata tholos tomb decorated with granulation (Demakopoulou, 1998. p. 109, nos. 46 48).
5. Frontal and back view of a sard lentoid seal from Aidonia chamber tomb 8 (CMS V Suppl. IB, no. 116), decorated with
gold caps (Demakopoulou, 1998. p. 60, no. 39).
Picture 44: 1. The «Master Impression» clay sealing from Kastelli, Chania (Hallager, 1985. p. 52, fig. 11).
2. The «Mother of the Mountain» clay sealing from Knossos (Hood, 1978. p. 278, fig. 234).
Picture 45: The four seals from Grave Circle B at Mycenae.
1. Amethyst lentoid seal from Grave G, Grave Circle B, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 5) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p.
253).
2. Carnelian amygdaloid seal from Grave M, Grave Circle B, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 6).
3. Sard amygdaloid seal from Grave O, Grave Circle B, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 7).
4. Sard lentoid seal from Grave R, Grave Circle B, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 8).
Picture 46: 1. Gold seal from Grave III, Grave Circle A, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 9) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p.
244).
2. Gold seal from Grave III, Grave Circle A, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 16) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971.p.255).
Picture 47:1. Gold ring from Shaft Grave IV, Grave Circle A, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 11) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.),
1971. p. 286).
2 Gold ring from Grave IV, Grave Circle A, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 15) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p. 245).
Picture 48: Gold ring from the Mycenae acropolis (CMS I, no. 17) (Tzedakis and Martlew (eds.), 1999. p. 267).
Picture 49: 1. Gold ring from chamber tomb 55, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 86) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 94, fig. 16).
2. Red jasper ring from chamber tomb 58, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 89).
3. Gold ring from chamber tomb 58, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 91).
Picture 50: 1. Gold/silver ring from chamber tomb 66, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 101) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p.
250).
2. Gold/silver ring from chamber tomb 71, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 108) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 93, fig. 14).
Picture 51: 1. Rock crystal amygdaloid seal from chamber tomb 79, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 112).
2. Agate lentoid seal from chamber tomb 83, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 116).
3. Gold ring from chamber tomb 84, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 119).
Picture 52: 1. Gold ring from chamber tomb 91, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 127) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 92, fig. 13).
2. Gold ring from chamber tomb 91, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 128).
Picture 53:1. Sard lentoid seal from chamber tomb 515, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 144) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 95, fig.
18).
2. Clay sealing from Mycenae (CMS I, no. 163).
3. Clay sealing from Mycenae (CMS I, no. 171).
4. Bronze ring from chamber tomb 1, Asine (CMS I, no. 200).
Picture 54: 1. Gold ring from the Tiryns Treasure (CMS I, no. 179) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p. 299).
2. Gold ring from the Tiryns Treasure (CMS I, no. 180) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p. 277).
Picture 55: 1. Sardonyx lentoid seal from chamber tomb 8, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 46) (Demakopoulou (ed), 1998. p. 97, fig.
21).
2. Amethyst amygdaloid seal from chamber tomb 52, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 85) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 97, fig. 22).
3. Onyx lentoid seal from the Dendra tholos tomb (CMS I, no. 185) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 97, fig. 23).
4. The three sides of an agate prismatic seal from the Dendra chamber tomb 10 (CMS I, no. 193) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998.
p. 98, fig. 24).
Picture 56: 1. Gold ring from chamber tomb 91, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 126).
2. Gold ring from chamber tomb 10, Midea (CMS I, no. 191).
Picture 57: 1. Gold ring from the Vapheio tholos tomb (CMS I, no. 219).
X
2. Chalcedony lentoid seal from the Vapheio tholos tomb (CMS I, no. 220) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 99, fig. 25).
Picture 58: 1. Red jasper lentoid seal from the Vapheio tholos tomb (CMS I, no. 223) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 99, fig.
26).
2. Jasper lentoid seal from the Vapheio tholos tomb (CMS I, no. 224).
3. Chalcedony lentoid seal from the Vapheio tholos tomb (CMS I, no. 227).
4. Sard amygdaloid seal from the Vapheio tholos tomb (CMS I, no. 230) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 99, fig. 27).
5. Agate lentoid seal from the Vapheio tholos tomb (CMS I, no. 231).
6. Amethyst three sided prism from the Vapheio tholos tomb (CMS I, no. 233b).
Picture 59: 1. Sardonyx lentoid seal from the Myrsinochori Routsi tholos tomb II (CMS I, no. 275).
2. Agate lentoid seal from the Myrsinochori Routsi tholos tomb II (CMS I, no. 276) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 101, fig.
30).
3. Agate lentoid seal from the Myrsinochori Routsi tholos tomb II (CMS I, no. 278) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 101, fig.
31).
4. Sard lentoid seal from the Myrsinochori Routsi tholos tomb II (CMS I, no. 279) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 101, fig,
29).
Picture 60:1. Gold ring from the Pylos tholos tomb D (CMS I, no. 292).
2. Clay sealing from the Pylos Palace (CMS I, no. 293).
3. Clay sealing from the Pylos Palace, Room 98 (CMS I, no. 324).
4. Clay sealing from the Pylos Palace (CMS I, no. 377). 5. Clay sealing from the Pylos Palace (CMS I, no. 379).
Picture 61:1. Agate ring from the Spata tholos tomb, Athens (CMS I, no. 383).
2. Ivory ring from Phylakopi, Melos (CMS I, no. 410).
Picture 62:1. Gold ring from Crete (CMS I, no. 514).
2. Gold ring in the Athens National Museum (CMS I Suppl., no. 114).
3. Clay sealing from Polochni (CMS I Suppl., no. 170).
Picture 63: A selection of seals from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A.
1. Ivory theriomorphic seal from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A (CMS II1, no. 20).
2. Ivory theriomorphic seal from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A (CMS II1, no. 21).
3. Ivory seal from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A (CMS II1, no. 23).
Picture 64: A selection of seals from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A.
1. Ivory seal from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A (CMS II1, no. 27).
2. Ivory flask shaped seal from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A (CMS II 1, no. 28).
3. Ivory seal from the Agia Triada Tholos Tomb A (CMS II1, no. 29).
Picture 65: A selection of seals from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A.
1. Ivory ring seal from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A (CMS II 1, no. 32).
2. Ivory conoid seal from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A (CMS II 1, no. 41).
3. Ivory three sided prism seal from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A (CMS II 1, no. 55).
Picture 66: 1. Ivory semi globular seal from the Agia Triada tholos tomb A (CMS II 1, no. 96).
2. Ivory cylinder seal from the Agios Onouphrios tholos tomb (CMS II 1, no. 105).
3. White steatite scaraboid seal from the Agios Onouphrios tholos tomb (CMS II 1, no. 119).
4. Ivory seal from Kalathiana tholos tomb (CMS II 1, no. 126).
Picture 67: 1. Ivory theriomorphic seal from Koumasa tholos tomb B (CMS II 1, no. 133) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.),
1971. p. 119).
2. Olive green/black steatite three sided prism seal from Koumasa tholos tomb A (CMS II 1, no. 145).
3. Chlorite flattened cylinder seal from Lenda Lebena tholos tomb II (CMS II 1, no. 196).
4. Chlorite conoid seal from Lenda Lebena tholos tomb Ila (CMS II I, no. 206).
5. Bone theriomorphic seal from Lenda Lebena tholos tomb Ila (CMS II 1, no. 216).
Picture 68: 1. Ivory cylinder seal from Marathokephalo tholos tomb (CMS II1, no. 222) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.),
1971. p. 115).
2. Ivory cylinder seal from Platanos tholos tomb A (CMS II 1, no. 248).
3. Ivory theriomorphic seal from Platanos tholos tomb A (CMS II 1, no. 249) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p. 119).
xi
Picture 69: A selection of seals from the Platanos tholos tombs A and B.
1. Ivory cylinder seal from Platanos tholos tomb A (CMS II1, no. 251).
2. Ivory cushion seal from Platanos tholos tomb A (CMS II1, no. 253).
3. Ivory Egyptian scarab from Platanos tholos tomb B (CMS II1, no. 283).
4. Ivory seal from Platanos tholos tomb B (CMS II 1, no. 287).
5. Ivory cylinder seal from Platanos tholos tomb B (CMS II1, no. 300).
6. Ivory cylinder seal from Platanos tholos tomb B (CMS II1, no. 311).
7. Ivory cylinder seal from Platanos tholos tomb B (CMS II1, no. 312).
Picture 70:1. Ivory disc seal from Porti tholos tomb (CMS II 1, no. 355).
2. Olive green steatite stamp seal from Porti tholos tomb (CMS II1, no. 365).
3. Green black steatite disc seal from Porti tholos tomb (CMS II 1, no. 367).
4. Ivory cylinder seal from Archanes (CMS II1, no. 382).
5. Red jasper button seal from Kamilari (CMS II2, no. 6).
Picture 71: EM II, EM III and EM III MMIIA seals from the Phourni cemetery at Archanes.
1. EM II seals from Tholos Tomb E, Phourni cemetery, Archanes (Sakellarakis Sakellarakis, 1997. p. 672, fig. 742).
2. EM III seals from Tholos Tomb G, Phourni cemetery, Archanes (Sakellarakis Sakellarakis, 1997. p. 673, fig. 743).
3. EM III MM IIA seals from Tholos Tomb E, Phourni cemetery, Archanes (Sakellarakis Sakellarakis, 1997. p. 684, fig. 778).
Picture 72: EM III MM IIA and MM IA seals from the Phourni cemetery at Archanes.
1, 2,3. EM III MM IIA ivory seals from Funerary Building 6, Phourni cemetery, Archanes (Sakellarakis Sakellarakis, 1997.
p. 678, fig. 758).
4. EM III MM IIA ivory seal from Funerary Building 3, Phourni cemetery, Archanes (Sakellarakis Sakellarakis, 1997. p. 678,
fig. 755).
5. EM III MM IIA ivory seals from Funerary Building 18, Phourni cemetery, Archanes (Sakellarakis Sakellarakis, 1997. p.
682, fig. 771).
6. MM IA ivory seal shaped in the form of a couchant dog from Funerary Building 7, Phourni cemetery, Archanes
(Sakellarakis Sakellarakis, 1997. p.688, fig. 783).
7. MM IA ivory seal shaped in the form of a female figure with folded arms from Funerary Building 7, Phourni cemetery,
Archanes (Sakellarakis Sakellarakis, 1997. p. 687, fig. 781).
8. MM IA ivory seal shaped in the form of a fly from Funerary Building 6, Phourni cemetery, Archanes (Sakellarakis
Sakellarakis, 1997. p. 689, fig. 787).
Picture 73: 1. Ivory seal from Archanes with fourteen sphragistic surfaces (CMS II1, no. 391) and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p.
118).
2. Sphragistic surfaces of CMS II 1, no. 391 from Archanes.
Picture 74: Sphragistic surfaces of CMS II 1, no. 391 from Archanes.
Picture 75: 1. Ivory cushion seal from Knossos (CMS II2, no. 70).
2. Black green steatite disc seal from Mallia Palace (CMS II2, no. 76).
3. Green steatite conoid seal from the Mallia Workshop (CMS II2, no. 127).
4. Gray black steatite four sided prism seal from the Mallia Workshop (CMS II2, no. 153).
5. Gray green steatite three sided prism seal from the Mallia Workshop (CMS II2, no. 159).
6. Gray black steatite three sided prism seal from Mallia Workshop (CMS II2, no. 182).
7. Olive green steatite three sided prism seal from Mallia (CMS II2, no. 243).
Picture 76: Clay sealings from the Hieroglyphic Deposit at Knossos (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p. 147).
Picture 77: 1. Clay sealings from the hieroglyphic Deposit, Knossos.
2. Clay sealings from the Temple Repositories Deposit, Knossos.
3. Lentoid seal from Knossos Palace (CMS II 3, no. 8).
4. Lentoid seal from Tomb at Sanatorium, Knossos (CMS II 3, no. 63).
Picture 78: 1. Gold ring from the Isopata Necropolis (CMS II 3, no. 51) (Christopoulos and Bastias (eds.), 1971. p. 224).
2. Gold ring from the Isopata Necropolis, Knossos (CMS II 3, no. 56).
Picture 79: 1. Gold ring from the Kalyvia Necropolis (CMS II 3, no. 103).
2. Gold ring from the Kalyvia Necropolis (CMS II3, no. 114).
3. Gold ring from Sellopoulo Tomb 3 (Warren, 1990. p. 194).
Picture 80: 1. Black hematite Syrian Stamp cylinder seal from Tylissos (CMS II 3, no. 128).
2. Black limestone lentoid seal from Knossos(?) (CMS II 3, no. 170).
xii
3. Gold ring from Avgo/Kavousi (CMS II 3, no. 305).
4. Gold ring from Crete (CMS II 3, no. 326).
Picture 81: Clay sealings from the Phaistos Deposit.
1. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 59).
2. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 60).
3. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 132).
4. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 133).
5. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 140).
6. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 171).
7. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 191).
8. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 192).
9. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 209).
10. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 218).
11. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 254).
12. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 255).
Picture 82: Clay sealings from the Phaistos Deposit.
1. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 258).
2. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 270).
3. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 272).
4. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 304).
5. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 311).
6. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 322).
7. Clay sealing from Phaistos (CMS II 5, no. 324).
Picture 83: Clay sealings from Agia Triada.
1. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II6, no. 1).
2. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 2).
3. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 4).
Picture 84a: Clay sealings from Agia Triada.
1. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II6, no. 3).
2. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 5).
3. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 6).
4. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 8).
5. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 9).
6. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II6, no. 10).
7. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 11).
Picture 84b: Clay sealings from Agia Triada.
8. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 13).
9. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 16).
10. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 20).
11. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II6, no. 21).
12 Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 26).
13. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 33).
14. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 74).
15. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 107).
Picture 85: Clay sealings from Agia Triada.
1. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 15).
2. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 17).
3. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 19).
4. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 30).
5. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 36).
6. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 43).
7. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 44).
8. Clay sealing from Agia Triada (CMS II 6, no. 106).
Picture 86: Clay sealings from Sklavokampos.
1. Clay sealing from Sklavokampos (CMS II6, no. 255).
xiii
2. Clay sealing from Sklavokampos (CMS II 6, no. 256).
3. Clay sealing from Sklavokampos (CMS II 6, no. 260).
4. Clay sealing from Sklavokampos (CMS II 6, no. 261).
5. Clay sealing from Sklavokampos (CMS II 6, no. 267).
6. Clay sealing from Sklavokampos (CMS II 6, no. 268).
Picture 87: Clay sealings from Kato Zakros.
1. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 1).
2. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 6).
3. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II7, no. 7).
4. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 8).
5. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 36).
6. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 37).
7. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II7, no. 38).
8. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 39).
Picture 88: Clay sealings from Kato Zakros.
1. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II7, no. 73).
2. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 83).
3. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 84).
4. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 104b).
5. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 117).
6. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II7, no. 118).
7. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 121).
8. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 122).
9. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 123).
10. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II7, no. 126).
11. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 127).
12. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II7, no. 129b).
Picture 89: Clay sealings from Kato Zakros.
1. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 137).
2. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II7, no. 150).
3. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 159).
4. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 176).
5. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 177).
6. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 108).
7. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 196).
8. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II 7, no. 217).
9. Clay sealing from Kato Zakros (CMS II7, no. 218).
Picture 90: EH II sealings from mainland Greece.
1. Clay sealing from Myrtos (CMS V 1, no. 20).
2. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 48).
3. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 49).
4. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 50).
5. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no 52).
6. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 53).
7. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 54).
8. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 59).
9. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 78).
10. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 79).
11. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 81).
12. Clay Sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 93).
13. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 95).
14. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 97).
15. Clay sealing from Lerna (CMS V 1, no. 100).
Picture 91; 1. Gold ring from the Athens Agora (CMS V 1, no. 173).
2. Lapis lacedaemonius lentoid seal from Pyrgos Psilonero (CMS V 1, no. 201).
3. Gold ring from the Medeon cemetery (CMS V 1, no. 336).
4. Black steatite lentoid seal from the Medeon cemetery (CMS V 1, no. 337).
xiv
5. Glass paste lentoid seal from the Medeon cemetery (CMS V 1, no. 348).
6. Glass paste lentoid seal from the Medeon cemetery (CMS V 1, no. 349).
7. Dark red steatite matrix form Eleusis (CMS V 2, no. 422).
Picture 92: Seals and seal impressions from Neolithic Greece.
1. Clay pintadera from Dikili Tash (CMS V 2, no. 449).
2. Clay sealing from Agia Irini (CMS V 2, no. 464).
3. Stamped pottery design from Agia Irini (CMS V 2, no. 475).
4. Gray limestone lentoid seal from Agia Irini (CMS V 2, no. 500).
5. Stamped pottery design from Zygouries (CMS V 2, no. 503).
6. Clay conoid seal from Poliochni (CMS V 2, no. 518).
7. Clay sealing from Asine (CMS V 2, no. 520).
8. Clay sealing from Asine (CMS V 2, no. 521).
9. Clay sealing from Asine (CMS V 2, no. 522).
Picture 93: Seals and seal impressions from Neolithic Greece.
1. Clay conoid seal from Grotta, Naxos (CMS V 2, no. 603).
2. Olive green steatite conoid seal from Thebes (CMS V 2, no. 668).
3. Clay pintadera from Eutresis (CMS V 2, no. 681).
4. Clay pintadera from Nea Nikomedeia (CMS V 2, no. 693).
5. Clay pintadera from Nea Nikomedeia (CMS V 2, no. 694).
6. Clay pintadera from Nea Nikomedeia (CMS V 2, no. 699).
7. Clay pintadera from Nea Nikomedeia (CMS V 2, no. 700).
8. Clay pintadera from Nea Nikomedeia (CMS V 2, no. 707).
9. Clay pintadera from Nea Nikomedeia (CMS V 2, no. 708).
10. Clay pintadera from Sesklo (CMS V 2, no. 712).
11. Clay pintadera from Sesklo (CMS V 2, no. 713).
12. Clay pintadera from Sesklo B Almyros (CMS V 2, no. 717).
Picture 94:1. Shape of a clay seal from Neolithic Sesklo.
2. Gray/green limestone cylinder seal from Grave D at Kapros in Amorgos (Hood, 1978. p. 258., fig. 211G).
3. Lead oblong seal from Skoteini Cave, Tharrounia (CMS V Suppl. IB, no. 349).
4. Green jasper four sided prism bead seal in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (CMS XII, no. 113).
Picture 95: 1. Amethyst cylinder seal from Kazarma tholos tomb (CMS V 2, no. 585).
2.3.4. Bronze ring from Agios Charalambos (CMS V Suppl. 1 A, no. 45).
5. Silver ring from Agios Charalambos (CMS V Suppl. 1 A, no. 46).
6. Brown gray agate lentoid seal from Knossos(?) (CMS V Suppl. 1 A, no. 75).
7. Clay sealing from Chania (CMS V Suppl. 1 A, no. 177).
Picture 96: «The Goddess from Beyond» in mythological scenes.
1. Gold ring from Mochlos (CMS II3, no. 252).
2. Anthracite coloured steatite amygdaloid seal from Makrygialos (CMS V Suppl. 1 A, no. 55).
Picture 97: 1. Gold ring from Thebes (CMS V 1, no. 199).
2. Clay sealing from Chania (CMS V Suppl. 1A, no. 180).
Picture 98: Gold rings from the Aidonia Treasure.
1. Gold ring from chamber tomb 7, Aidonia cemetery, Nemea (CMS V Suppl. IB, no. 113) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 49,
fig. 16).
2. Gold ring from chamber tomb 7, Aidonia cemetery, Nemea (CMS V Suppl. IB, no. 114) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 49,
fig. 17).
3. Gold ring from chamber tomb 7, Aidonia cemetery, Nemea (CMS V Suppl. IB, no. 115) (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 50,
fig. 18).
Picture 99: Gold rings from the Aidonia Treasure.
1. Gold ring from the Aidonia cemetery, Nemea (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 70, fig. 1).
2. Gold ring from the Aidonia cemetery, Nemea (Demakopoulou (ed.), 1998. p. 71, fig. 2).
Picture 100: 1. Clay sealing from Chania (CMS V Suppl. 1 A, no. 178).
2. Clay sealing from Chania (CMS V Suppl. 1 A, no. 176).
3. Gold ring from Anthia (CMS V suppl. IB, no. 135).
xv
4. Gold ring from Anthia (CMS V Suppl. IB no. 137).
Picture 101: 1. Gold ring in the Berlin Museum (CMS XI, no. 29).
2. Gold ring from Thebes (CMS XI, no. 30).
Picture 102: Epiphany scenes.
1. The «Epiphany ring» from Knossos in Oxford.
2. Gold ring from Knossos (CMS II 3, no. 15).
3. Gold ring in the Berlin Museum (CMS XI, no. 28).
Picture 103: 1. The gold «ring of Minos» (Platon in Hagg and Marinatos (eds.), 1984. p. 66).
2. The gold «ring of Nestor» (Evans, 1925. p. 65, fig. 55).
Picture 104:1. Gold ring from chamber tomb 55, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 87).
2. Gold ring from chamber tomb 520, Mycenae (CMS I, no. 155).
3. «The Danicourt ring» (CMS XI, no. 272).
Picture 105:1. Gold ring from Tholos Tomb A, Phourni cemetery, Archanes (Sakellarakis Sakellarakis, 1997. p. 655, fig.
722).
2. Gold ring from Tholos Tomb B, Phourni cemetery, Archanes (Sakellarakis Sakellarakis, 1997. p. 653, fig. 719).
Picture 106:1. Ring from Poros (Dimopoulou and Rethemiotakis, 2000. p. 43, fig. 4c).
2. Seal from Galatas (Dimopoulou and Rethemiotakis, 2000. p. 45, fig. 5).
xvi
COLOUR PICTURES
Picture I: Materials (Boardman, 1970. p. 29).
1. Green steatite prism (CS 41).
2. Green steatite prism (CS 98).
3. White agate prism (CS 109).
4. Green jasper prism (CS 170).
5. Carnelian prism (CS 174).
6. Chalcedony loop signet (CS 121).
7. Yellow jasper loop signet (CS 117).
8. Green jasper loop signet (CS 139).
9. Green jasper loop signet (CS 118).
10. Carnelian loop signet (CS 142).
11. Agate stamp seal shaped like a sea shell (CS 136).
12. Carnelian stamp seal with an S relief back (CS 131).
13. Carnelian stamp seal shaped like a human hand (CS 127).
14. Carnelian stamp seal shaped like a duck (CS 128).
Picture II: Materials (Boardman, 1970. p. 39).
1. Chalcedony stamp seal shaped like two joined animal foreparts (CS 132).
2. Blue chalcedony theriomorphic seal shaped like a crouching cat (CS 139).
3. Agate stamp seal shaped like a duck (CS 125).
4. Sardonyx theriomorphic seal shaped like a sitting monkey (CS 134).
5. Oval hematite seal with an «architectural» motif (CS 157).
6. Red jasper lentoid seal with an «architectural» motif (CS 153).
7. Hematite amygdaloid seal with a «talismanic» motif (CS 276).
8. Carnelian amygdaloid seal with a «talismanic» motif (CMS VIII, no. 58).
9. Carnelian amygdaloid seal with a «talismanic» motif (CMS VIII, no. 62).
10. Carnelian amygdaloid seal with a «talismanic» motif (CS 179).
11. Carnelian flattened cylinder seal with the representation of a horned sheep (CS 200).
12. Steatite flattened cylinder seal covered in gold leaf (CS 203).
xvii
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER THREE
Table 1. List of the main tombs of the Messara plain
CHAPTER SIX
Table 2. The main representational motifs from the Mallia Workshop
Table 3. Suggested dates for the Phaistos deposit
Table 4. The main motifs of the Phaistos sealings
Table 5. The main important representational motifs of the Phaistos deposit
CHAPTER EIGHT
Table 6. The main naturalistic motifs from the Temple Repositories deposit
Table 7. Types of sealings from the Zakros deposit
Table 8. The typology of the monster and demonic iconographic types from the Zakros deposit and their variations
CHAPTER NINE
Table 9. The typology of the designs in the Agia Triada deposit
Table 10. The gallery of ritual and monumental scenes in the Agia Triada sealings
CHAPTER ELEVEN
Table 11. The typology of the female divine figures in the glyptic of the Neopalatial period
LIST OF CHARTS
APPENDIX I
Chart 1. Seals from sites of the Early Minoan Ill Late Minoan I period. Chronology of sealstones and sealings dated by a
pottery context
Chart 2. Metal seals Signet rings from the Early and Middle Bronze Age
Chart 3. The thematic material of the representation of the human figure in the Late Bronze Age Aegean glyptic
APPENDIX D
Chart 4. The religious architectural elements of Late Bronze Age sealstones and finger rings
Chart 5. The religious decorative elements of Late Bronze Age sealstones and finger rings
xviii |
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| geographic_facet | Griechenland Crete (Greece) Antiquities |
| id | DE-604.BV021273532 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T13:45:15Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:34:24Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1841717258 |
| language | English |
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| record_format | marc |
| series2 | British archaeological reports / International series |
| spelling | Galanakis, Konstantinos Verfasser aut Minoan glyptic typology, deposits and iconography ; from the early Minoan period to the late Minoan IB destruction in Crete Konstantinos Galanakis Oxford Archaeopress 2005 XX, 271 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier British archaeological reports / International series 1442 Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Gemmen; Glyptik Funde Art, Minoan Glyptics Greece Crete Siegel (DE-588)4054876-4 gnd rswk-swf Minoische Kultur (DE-588)4074845-5 gnd rswk-swf Griechenland Crete (Greece) Antiquities Glyptik, Gemmen, Kameen (DE-2581)TH000008202 gbd Siegel (DE-2581)TH000008325 gbd Minoische Kultur (DE-588)4074845-5 s Siegel (DE-588)4054876-4 s Geschichte z DE-604 International series British archaeological reports 1442 (DE-604)BV023549802 1442 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014594619&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Galanakis, Konstantinos Minoan glyptic typology, deposits and iconography ; from the early Minoan period to the late Minoan IB destruction in Crete Gemmen; Glyptik Funde Art, Minoan Glyptics Greece Crete Siegel (DE-588)4054876-4 gnd Minoische Kultur (DE-588)4074845-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4054876-4 (DE-588)4074845-5 |
| title | Minoan glyptic typology, deposits and iconography ; from the early Minoan period to the late Minoan IB destruction in Crete |
| title_auth | Minoan glyptic typology, deposits and iconography ; from the early Minoan period to the late Minoan IB destruction in Crete |
| title_exact_search | Minoan glyptic typology, deposits and iconography ; from the early Minoan period to the late Minoan IB destruction in Crete |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Minoan glyptic typology, deposits and iconography ; from the early Minoan period to the late Minoan IB destruction in Crete |
| title_full | Minoan glyptic typology, deposits and iconography ; from the early Minoan period to the late Minoan IB destruction in Crete Konstantinos Galanakis |
| title_fullStr | Minoan glyptic typology, deposits and iconography ; from the early Minoan period to the late Minoan IB destruction in Crete Konstantinos Galanakis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Minoan glyptic typology, deposits and iconography ; from the early Minoan period to the late Minoan IB destruction in Crete Konstantinos Galanakis |
| title_short | Minoan glyptic |
| title_sort | minoan glyptic typology deposits and iconography from the early minoan period to the late minoan ib destruction in crete |
| title_sub | typology, deposits and iconography ; from the early Minoan period to the late Minoan IB destruction in Crete |
| topic | Gemmen; Glyptik Funde Art, Minoan Glyptics Greece Crete Siegel (DE-588)4054876-4 gnd Minoische Kultur (DE-588)4074845-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Gemmen; Glyptik Funde Art, Minoan Glyptics Greece Crete Siegel Minoische Kultur Griechenland Crete (Greece) Antiquities |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014594619&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV023549802 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT galanakiskonstantinos minoanglyptictypologydepositsandiconographyfromtheearlyminoanperiodtothelateminoanibdestructionincrete |