Fourier transform infrared spectrometry:
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| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Hoboken, NJ
Wiley
2007
|
| Edition: | 2. ed. |
| Series: | Chemical analysis
171 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVII, 529 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0471194042 9780471194040 |
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MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Griffiths, Peter R. |d 1942- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)172105838 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Fourier transform infrared spectrometry |c Peter R. Griffiths ; James A. de Haseth |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Hoboken, NJ |b Wiley |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XVII, 529 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Chemical analysis |v 171 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a FT-IR-Spektroskopie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Fourier-Spektroskopie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy | |
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| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Fourier-Transformation |0 (DE-588)4018014-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a FT-IR-Spektroskopie |0 (DE-588)4135416-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 830 | 0 | |a Chemical analysis |v 171 |w (DE-604)BV000008780 |9 171 | |
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| _version_ | 1804134593856536576 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
PREFACE
XV
CHAPTER
1
INTRODUCTION TO VIBRATIONAL
SPECTROSCOPY
1
1.1.
Introduction
1
1.2.
Molecular Vibrations
3
1.3.
Vibration-Rotation Spectroscopy
6
1.4.
Widths of Bands and Lines in Infrared Spectra
10
1.4.1.
Vibration-Rotation Spectra of Gases
10
1.4.2.
Spectra of Condensed-Phase Samples
11
1.5.
Quantitative Considerations
12
1.5.1.
Beer s Law
12
1.5.2.
Optical Constants
14
1.6.
Polarized Radiation
15
1.7.
Raman Spectrometry
16
1.8.
Summary
18
CHAPTER
2
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
19
2.1.
Michelson Interferometer
19
2.2.
Generation of an Interferogram
20
2.3.
Effect of Finite Resolution
26
2.4.
Apodization
30
2.5.
Phase Effects
36
2.6.
Effect of Beam Divergence
41
2.7.
Effect of Mirror Misalignment
46
2.8.
Effect of a Poor Mirror Drive
49
2.9.
Ranid-Scan Interferometers
50
2.10.
Step-Scan Interferometers
53
VI
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
3
SAMPLING THE INTERFEROGRAM
3.1.
Sampling Frequency
3.1.1.
Nyquist Frequency
3.1.2.
Conceptual Discussion of Aliasing
3.1.3.
Mathematical Discussion of Aliasing
3.2.
Aliasing
3.3.
Dynamic Range
3.3.1.
ADC Specifications
3.3.2.
Digitization Noise
3.3.3.
Gain Ranging
3.3.4.
Chirping
3.4.
Analog-to-Digital Converters
57
57
57
58
60
62
64
64
66
68
69
71
CHAPTER
4
FOURIER TRANSFORMS
4.1.
Classical Fourier Transform
4.1.1.
Elementary Concepts
4.1.2.
Mathematical Basis
4.2.
Fast Fourier Transform
4.3.
Phase Correction
4.4.
Fourier Transform: Pictorial Essay
4.5.
Data Systems
75
75
75
76
78
85
88
93
CHAPTER
5
TWO-BEAM INTERFEROMETERS
5.1.
Michelson-Type Interferometers
5.1.1.
Introduction
5.1.2.
Drive
5.1.3.
Bearings
5.1.4.
Fringe Referencing
5.1.5.
Dynamic Alignment
5.2.
Tilt-Compensated Interferometers
5.2.1.
Cube-Corner Interferometers
5.2.2.
Other Designs
5.3.
Refractively Scanned Interferometers
5.4.
Polarization Interferometers
5.5.
Step-Scan Interferometers
5.6.
Stationary Interferometers
5.7.
Beamsplitters
97
97
97
97
98
104
110
112
112
118
123
125
127
128
132
CONTENTS
5.8.
Lamellar Grating Interferometers
Appendix: Manufacturers of FT-IR Spectrometers
VII
138
142
CHAPTER
6
OTHER COMPONENTS OF FT-IR
SPECTROMETERS
143
6.1.
Infrared Radiation Sources for Transmission
and Reflection Spectrometry
143
6.1.1.
Mid-Infrared Sources
143
6.1.2.
Near-Infrared Sources
145
6.1.3.
Far-Infrared Sources
146
6.2.
Detectors
146
6.2.1.
Thermal Detectors
146
6.2.2.
Quantum Detectors
148
6.3.
Optics
152
6.3.1.
Paraboloidal Mirrors
152
6.3.2.
Plane Mirrors
155
6.3.3.
Ellipsoids, Toroids, and Other
Aspherical Mirrors
155
6.4.
Spectrometer Design
156
CHAPTER
7
SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO
161
7.1.
Detector Noise
161
7.2.
Trading Rules in FT-IR Spectrometry
164
7.2.1.
Effect of Resolution and
Throughput on
SNR
164
7.2.2.
Effect of Apodization
165
7.2.3.
Effect of Changing Mirror Velocity
165
7.3.
Digitization Noise
166
7.4.
Other Sources of Noise
167
7.4.1.
Sampling Error
167
7.4.2.
Folding
168
7.4.3.
Fluctuation Noise
169
7.4.4.
Shot Noise
170
7.5.
Interferometers Versus Grating Spectrometers
171
7.5.1.
Fellgetťs
Advantage
171
7.5.2.
Jacquinoťs
Advantage
172
7.5.3.
Other Factors
173
Vlil
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
8
PHOTOMETRIC ACCURACY IN
FT-IR SPECTROMETRY
177
8.1.
Introduction
177
8.2.
Effect of Spectral Resolution
177
8.3.
Effect of Apodization
180
8.3.1.
Triangular Apodization
180
8.3.2.
Norton-Beer Apodization Functions
181
8.4. 100%
Lines
181
8.4.1.
Short-Term Performance
181
8.4.2.
Glitches (Nonrandom Noise Sources)
184
8.4.3.
Long-Term
Performance
185
8.4.4.
Effect of Sample Diameter and Thickness
186
8.5.
Zero Energy Level
187
8.5.1.
Detector Response Nonlinearity
187
8.5.2.
Changes in Modulation Efficiency
191
8.5.3.
Sampling Effects
193
8.6.
Linearity Between
100%
and
0%Г
194
CHAPTER
9
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
197
9.1.
Introduction
197
9.2.
Beer s Law
197
9.3.
Spectral Subtraction
201
9.4.
Linear Least-Squares Fitting Methods
204
9.5.
Classical Least Squares
207
9.6.
Inverse Least-Squares Regression
210
9.7.
Principal Component Analysis
213
9.8.
Principal Component Regression
215
9.9.
Partial Least-Squares Regression
216
9.10.
Validation
217
9.11.
Multivariate Curve Resolution
218
9.12.
General Guidelines for Calibration Data Sets
220
9.13.
Neural Networks
221
CHAPTER
10
DATA PROCESSING
225
10.1.
Baseline Correction
225
10.2.
Interpolation
227
10.3.
Peak Picking
229
10.4.
Spectral Smoothing
232
CONTENTS
IX
10.5. Band
Fitting
235
10.6. Derivatives
of Spectra
237
10.7.
Fourier Self-Deconvolution
240
10.8.
Spectral Searching
246
CHAPTER
11
CONVENTIONAL TRANSMISSION
SPECTROMETRY
251
11.1.
Condensed-Phase Samples
251
11.1.1
Window Materials
251
11.1.2
Band Intensities
251
11.1.3
Interference Fringes
253
11.1.4
Trace Analysis
255
11.2.
Gas- and Vapor-Phase Samples
256
CHAPTER
12
POLARIZATION
261
12.1.
Plane-Polarized Radiation
261
12.2.
Circular Polarization
263
12.3.
Polarization Modulation
264
12.4.
Applications of Linear Dichroism
266
12.5.
Vibrational Circular Dichroism
269
CHAPTER
13
SPECULAR REFLECTION
277
13.1.
Introduction
277
13.2.
Fresnel Reflection from Bulk Samples
277
13.2.1.
Fresnel Equations
277
13.2.2.
Nonabsorbing Materials
278
13.2.3.
Absorbing Materials
279
13.3.
Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectrometry
with Metal Substrates
282
13.3.1.
Effect of Incidence Angle and Polarization
282
13.3.2.
Polarization Modulation
287
13.3.3.
Surface Selection Rule
290
13.4.
IRRAS
with Dielectric Substrates
293
13.5.
Transflection
297
13.5.1.
Thick Films on Metal Substrates
297
13.5.2.
Liquid Sampling for Near-Infrared
Spectrometry
300
13.6.
Summary
300
X
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
14
MICROSPECTROSCOPY AND IMAGING
303
14.1.
Microsampling
with Beam Condensers
303
14.2.
Microscopes
304
14.3.
Diamond Anvil Cells
309
14.4.
Reflection Microscopy
310
14.5.
Hyperspectral FT-IR Imaging
312
14.5.1.
Hyperspectral Imaging with a
Step-Scanning Interferometer
312
14.5.2.
Hyperspectral Imaging with a
Continuous-Scanning Interferometer
314
14.5.3.
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
316
14.5.4.
Software
318
14.5.5.
Applications of Hyperspectral Imaging
319
CHAPTER
15
ATTENUATED TOTAL REFLECTION
321
15.1.
Introduction
321
15.2.
Theory
322
15.3.
Practical Considerations
327
15.4.
Accessories for Multiple Internal Reflection
329
15.5.
Single-Reflection Accessories
336
15.6.
Infrared Fibers
342
15.7.
Summary
347
CHAPTER
16
DIFFUSE REFLECTION
16.1.
Theory of Diffuse Reflection
16.2.
Accessories for Diffuse Reflection
16.3.
Applications of Mid-Infrared Diffuse
Reflection Spectrometry
16.4.
Applications of Near-Infrared Diffuse
Reflection Spectrometry
16.5.
Reference Materials for Diffuse Reflection
Spectrometry
349
349
353
355
358
361
CHAPTER
17
EMISSION
17.1.
Introduction
17.2.
Infrared Emission Spectra of Gases
363
363
363
CONTENTS
17.3.
Infrared
Emission
Spectra of
Condensed-Phase Samples
17.4.
Transient Infrared Emission Spectroscopy
366
368
CHAPTER
18
FOURIER TRANSFORM RAMAN
SPECTROMETRY
375
18.1.
Introduction
375
18.2.
Instrumentation
378
18.2.1.
Nd: YAG Laser
378
18.2.2.
Filters
380
18.2.3.
Collection Optics
381
18.2.4.
Interferometer
382
18.2.5.
Detector
382
18.2.6.
Spectrometer
384
18.3.
FT Raman Versus
CCD
Raman Spectrometry
385
18.4.
Applications of FT-Raman Spectrometry
387
18.4.1.
Standard Raman Spectroscopy
387
18.4.2.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
389
18.5.
Summary
391
CHAPTER
19
TIME-RESOLVED SPECTROMETRY
395
19.1.
Continuous-Scanning Interferometers
395
19.1.1.
Instrumental Considerations
395
19.1.2.
Applications
397
19.2.
Time-Resolved Measurements Using Step-Scan
Interferometers
400
19.2.1.
Instrumental Considerations
400
19.2.2.
Applications of Time-Resolved
Spectroscopy with a Step-Scan
Interferometer
402
19.3.
Stroboscopic
Spectrometry
407
19.4.
Asynchronous Time-Resolved FT-IR
Spectrometry
408
19.4.1.
Instrumental Considerations
408
19.4.2.
Application to Liquid-Crystal
Orientation Dynamics
412
хп
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
20
PHOTOACOUSTIC SPECTROMETRY
20.1.
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Gases
20.2.
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Solids with
a Rapid-Scanning Interferometer
20.3.
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Solids with
a Step-Scan Interferometer
20.3.1.
Phase Modulation
20.3.2.
Depth Profiling by Varying the
Photoacoustic Phase
20.3.3.
Multifrequency Measurements
415
415
417
425
425
428
431
CHAPTER
21
SAMPLE MODULATION SPECTROMETRY
WITH A STEP-SCAN INTERFEROMETER
435
21.1.
Dynamic Infrared Linear Dichroism Measured
with a Monochromator
435
21.2.
DIRLD Spectrometry with a Step-Scan Fourier
Transform Spectrometer
440
21.3.
Two-Dimensional Correlation Plots
448
21.4.
DIRLD Spectrometry with a FT-IR Spectrometery
and Digital Signal Processing
454
21.5.
Other Sample Modulation Measurements
with Step-Scan Interferometers
458
21.5.1.
Liquid-Crystal Electroreorientation
458
21.5.2.
Infrared Spectroelectrochemistry
460
CHAPTER
22
ATMOSPHERIC MONITORING
463
22.1.
Extractive Atmospheric Monitoring
463
22.2.
Open-Path Atmospheric Monitoring
466
CHAPTER
23
COUPLED TECHNIQUES
23.1.
Introduction
23.2.
Light-Pipe-Based GC/FT-IR Interfaces
23.2.1.
Instrumental Considerations
23.2.2.
Spectroscopie
Considerations
23.2.3.
Chromatogram Construction
23.2.4.
Example of GC/FT-IR
23.3.
Mobile-Phase Elimination Approaches
for GC/FT-IR
481
481
482
482
485
486
490
491
CONTENTS
ХШ
23.3.1.
Introduction
491
23.3.2.
Matrix Isolation GC/FT-IR
491
23.3.3.
Direct
Deposition
GC/FT-IR
493
23.4.
HPLC/FT-IR Interface
495
23.4.1.
Measurements Made with Flow Cells
495
23.4.2.
Mobile-Phase Elimination Techniques
for HPLC/FT-IR
496
23.5.
SFC/FT-IR Interface
500
23.6.
TGA/FT-IR
502
23.7.
Other Coupled Techniques
504
INDEX
509
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
PREFACE
XV
CHAPTER
1
INTRODUCTION TO VIBRATIONAL
SPECTROSCOPY
1
1.1.
Introduction
1
1.2.
Molecular Vibrations
3
1.3.
Vibration-Rotation Spectroscopy
6
1.4.
Widths of Bands and Lines in Infrared Spectra
10
1.4.1.
Vibration-Rotation Spectra of Gases
10
1.4.2.
Spectra of Condensed-Phase Samples
11
1.5.
Quantitative Considerations
12
1.5.1.
Beer's Law
12
1.5.2.
Optical Constants
14
1.6.
Polarized Radiation
15
1.7.
Raman Spectrometry
16
1.8.
Summary
18
CHAPTER
2
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
19
2.1.
Michelson Interferometer
19
2.2.
Generation of an Interferogram
20
2.3.
Effect of Finite Resolution
26
2.4.
Apodization
30
2.5.
Phase Effects
36
2.6.
Effect of Beam Divergence
41
2.7.
Effect of Mirror Misalignment
46
2.8.
Effect of a Poor Mirror Drive
49
2.9.
Ranid-Scan Interferometers
50
2.10.
Step-Scan Interferometers
53
VI
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
3
SAMPLING THE INTERFEROGRAM
3.1.
Sampling Frequency
3.1.1.
Nyquist Frequency
3.1.2.
Conceptual Discussion of Aliasing
3.1.3.
Mathematical Discussion of Aliasing
3.2.
Aliasing
3.3.
Dynamic Range
3.3.1.
ADC Specifications
3.3.2.
Digitization Noise
3.3.3.
Gain Ranging
3.3.4.
Chirping
3.4.
Analog-to-Digital Converters
57
57
57
58
60
62
64
64
66
68
69
71
CHAPTER
4
FOURIER TRANSFORMS
4.1.
Classical Fourier Transform
4.1.1.
Elementary Concepts
4.1.2.
Mathematical Basis
4.2.
Fast Fourier Transform
4.3.
Phase Correction
4.4.
Fourier Transform: Pictorial Essay
4.5.
Data Systems
75
75
75
76
78
85
88
93
CHAPTER
5
TWO-BEAM INTERFEROMETERS
5.1.
Michelson-Type Interferometers
5.1.1.
Introduction
5.1.2.
Drive
5.1.3.
Bearings
5.1.4.
Fringe Referencing
5.1.5.
Dynamic Alignment
5.2.
Tilt-Compensated Interferometers
5.2.1.
Cube-Corner Interferometers
5.2.2.
Other Designs
5.3.
Refractively Scanned Interferometers
5.4.
Polarization Interferometers
5.5.
Step-Scan Interferometers
5.6.
Stationary Interferometers
5.7.
Beamsplitters
97
97
97
97
98
104
110
112
112
118
123
125
127
128
132
CONTENTS
5.8.
Lamellar Grating Interferometers
Appendix: Manufacturers of FT-IR Spectrometers
VII
138
142
CHAPTER
6
OTHER COMPONENTS OF FT-IR
SPECTROMETERS
143
6.1.
Infrared Radiation Sources for Transmission
and Reflection Spectrometry
143
6.1.1.
Mid-Infrared Sources
143
6.1.2.
Near-Infrared Sources
145
6.1.3.
Far-Infrared Sources
146
6.2.
Detectors
146
6.2.1.
Thermal Detectors
146
6.2.2.
Quantum Detectors
148
6.3.
Optics
152
6.3.1.
Paraboloidal Mirrors
152
6.3.2.
Plane Mirrors
155
6.3.3.
Ellipsoids, Toroids, and Other
Aspherical Mirrors
155
6.4.
Spectrometer Design
156
CHAPTER
7
SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO
161
7.1.
Detector Noise
161
7.2.
Trading Rules in FT-IR Spectrometry
164
7.2.1.
Effect of Resolution and
Throughput on
SNR
164
7.2.2.
Effect of Apodization
165
7.2.3.
Effect of Changing Mirror Velocity
165
7.3.
Digitization Noise
166
7.4.
Other Sources of Noise
167
7.4.1.
Sampling Error
167
7.4.2.
Folding
168
7.4.3.
Fluctuation Noise
169
7.4.4.
Shot Noise
170
7.5.
Interferometers Versus Grating Spectrometers
171
7.5.1.
Fellgetťs
Advantage
171
7.5.2.
Jacquinoťs
Advantage
172
7.5.3.
Other Factors
173
Vlil
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
8
PHOTOMETRIC ACCURACY IN
FT-IR SPECTROMETRY
177
8.1.
Introduction
177
8.2.
Effect of Spectral Resolution
177
8.3.
Effect of Apodization
180
8.3.1.
Triangular Apodization
180
8.3.2.
Norton-Beer Apodization Functions
181
8.4. 100%
Lines
181
8.4.1.
Short-Term Performance
181
8.4.2.
Glitches (Nonrandom Noise Sources)
184
8.4.3.
Long-Term
Performance
185
8.4.4.
Effect of Sample Diameter and Thickness
186
8.5.
Zero Energy Level
187
8.5.1.
Detector Response Nonlinearity
187
8.5.2.
Changes in Modulation Efficiency
191
8.5.3.
Sampling Effects
193
8.6.
Linearity Between
100%
and
0%Г
194
CHAPTER
9
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
197
9.1.
Introduction
197
9.2.
Beer's Law
197
9.3.
Spectral Subtraction
201
9.4.
Linear Least-Squares Fitting Methods
204
9.5.
Classical Least Squares
207
9.6.
Inverse Least-Squares Regression
210
9.7.
Principal Component Analysis
213
9.8.
Principal Component Regression
215
9.9.
Partial Least-Squares Regression
216
9.10.
Validation
217
9.11.
Multivariate Curve Resolution
218
9.12.
General Guidelines for Calibration Data Sets
220
9.13.
Neural Networks
221
CHAPTER
10
DATA PROCESSING
225
10.1.
Baseline Correction
225
10.2.
Interpolation
227
10.3.
Peak Picking
229
10.4.
Spectral Smoothing
232
CONTENTS
IX
10.5. Band
Fitting
235
10.6. Derivatives
of Spectra
237
10.7.
Fourier Self-Deconvolution
240
10.8.
Spectral Searching
246
CHAPTER
11
CONVENTIONAL TRANSMISSION
SPECTROMETRY
251
11.1.
Condensed-Phase Samples
251
11.1.1
Window Materials
251
11.1.2
Band Intensities
251
11.1.3
Interference Fringes
253
11.1.4
Trace Analysis
255
11.2.
Gas- and Vapor-Phase Samples
256
CHAPTER
12
POLARIZATION
261
12.1.
Plane-Polarized Radiation
261
12.2.
Circular Polarization
263
12.3.
Polarization Modulation
264
12.4.
Applications of Linear Dichroism
266
12.5.
Vibrational Circular Dichroism
269
CHAPTER
13
SPECULAR REFLECTION
277
13.1.
Introduction
277
13.2.
Fresnel Reflection from Bulk Samples
277
13.2.1.
Fresnel Equations
277
13.2.2.
Nonabsorbing Materials
278
13.2.3.
Absorbing Materials
279
13.3.
Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectrometry
with Metal Substrates
282
13.3.1.
Effect of Incidence Angle and Polarization
282
13.3.2.
Polarization Modulation
287
13.3.3.
Surface Selection Rule
290
13.4.
IRRAS
with Dielectric Substrates
293
13.5.
Transflection
297
13.5.1.
Thick Films on Metal Substrates
297
13.5.2.
Liquid Sampling for Near-Infrared
Spectrometry
300
13.6.
Summary
300
X
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
14
MICROSPECTROSCOPY AND IMAGING
303
14.1.
Microsampling
with Beam Condensers
303
14.2.
Microscopes
304
14.3.
Diamond Anvil Cells
309
14.4.
Reflection Microscopy
310
14.5.
Hyperspectral FT-IR Imaging
312
14.5.1.
Hyperspectral Imaging with a
Step-Scanning Interferometer
312
14.5.2.
Hyperspectral Imaging with a
Continuous-Scanning Interferometer
314
14.5.3.
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
316
14.5.4.
Software
318
14.5.5.
Applications of Hyperspectral Imaging
319
CHAPTER
15
ATTENUATED TOTAL REFLECTION
321
15.1.
Introduction
321
15.2.
Theory
322
15.3.
Practical Considerations
327
15.4.
Accessories for Multiple Internal Reflection
329
15.5.
Single-Reflection Accessories
336
15.6.
Infrared Fibers
342
15.7.
Summary
347
CHAPTER
16
DIFFUSE REFLECTION
16.1.
Theory of Diffuse Reflection
16.2.
Accessories for Diffuse Reflection
16.3.
Applications of Mid-Infrared Diffuse
Reflection Spectrometry
16.4.
Applications of Near-Infrared Diffuse
Reflection Spectrometry
16.5.
Reference Materials for Diffuse Reflection
Spectrometry
349
349
353
355
358
361
CHAPTER
17
EMISSION
17.1.
Introduction
17.2.
Infrared Emission Spectra of Gases
363
363
363
CONTENTS
17.3.
Infrared
Emission
Spectra of
Condensed-Phase Samples
17.4.
Transient Infrared Emission Spectroscopy
366
368
CHAPTER
18
FOURIER TRANSFORM RAMAN
SPECTROMETRY
375
18.1.
Introduction
375
18.2.
Instrumentation
378
18.2.1.
Nd: YAG Laser
378
18.2.2.
Filters
380
18.2.3.
Collection Optics
381
18.2.4.
Interferometer
382
18.2.5.
Detector
382
18.2.6.
Spectrometer
384
18.3.
FT Raman Versus
CCD
Raman Spectrometry
385
18.4.
Applications of FT-Raman Spectrometry
387
18.4.1.
Standard Raman Spectroscopy
387
18.4.2.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
389
18.5.
Summary
391
CHAPTER
19
TIME-RESOLVED SPECTROMETRY
395
19.1.
Continuous-Scanning Interferometers
395
19.1.1.
Instrumental Considerations
395
19.1.2.
Applications
397
19.2.
Time-Resolved Measurements Using Step-Scan
Interferometers
400
19.2.1.
Instrumental Considerations
400
19.2.2.
Applications of Time-Resolved
Spectroscopy with a Step-Scan
Interferometer
402
19.3.
Stroboscopic
Spectrometry
407
19.4.
Asynchronous Time-Resolved FT-IR
Spectrometry
408
19.4.1.
Instrumental Considerations
408
19.4.2.
Application to Liquid-Crystal
Orientation Dynamics
412
хп
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
20
PHOTOACOUSTIC SPECTROMETRY
20.1.
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Gases
20.2.
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Solids with
a Rapid-Scanning Interferometer
20.3.
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Solids with
a Step-Scan Interferometer
20.3.1.
Phase Modulation
20.3.2.
Depth Profiling by Varying the
Photoacoustic Phase
20.3.3.
Multifrequency Measurements
415
415
417
425
425
428
431
CHAPTER
21
SAMPLE MODULATION SPECTROMETRY
WITH A STEP-SCAN INTERFEROMETER
435
21.1.
Dynamic Infrared Linear Dichroism Measured
with a Monochromator
435
21.2.
DIRLD Spectrometry with a Step-Scan Fourier
Transform Spectrometer
440
21.3.
Two-Dimensional Correlation Plots
448
21.4.
DIRLD Spectrometry with a FT-IR Spectrometery
and Digital Signal Processing
454
21.5.
Other Sample Modulation Measurements
with Step-Scan Interferometers
458
21.5.1.
Liquid-Crystal Electroreorientation
458
21.5.2.
Infrared Spectroelectrochemistry
460
CHAPTER
22
ATMOSPHERIC MONITORING
463
22.1.
Extractive Atmospheric Monitoring
463
22.2.
Open-Path Atmospheric Monitoring
466
CHAPTER
23
COUPLED TECHNIQUES
23.1.
Introduction
23.2.
Light-Pipe-Based GC/FT-IR Interfaces
23.2.1.
Instrumental Considerations
23.2.2.
Spectroscopie
Considerations
23.2.3.
Chromatogram Construction
23.2.4.
Example of GC/FT-IR
23.3.
Mobile-Phase Elimination Approaches
for GC/FT-IR
481
481
482
482
485
486
490
491
CONTENTS
ХШ
23.3.1.
Introduction
491
23.3.2.
Matrix Isolation GC/FT-IR
491
23.3.3.
Direct
Deposition
GC/FT-IR
493
23.4.
HPLC/FT-IR Interface
495
23.4.1.
Measurements Made with Flow Cells
495
23.4.2.
Mobile-Phase Elimination Techniques
for HPLC/FT-IR
496
23.5.
SFC/FT-IR Interface
500
23.6.
TGA/FT-IR
502
23.7.
Other Coupled Techniques
504
INDEX
509 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Griffiths, Peter R. 1942- De Haseth, James A. |
| author_GND | (DE-588)172105838 |
| author_facet | Griffiths, Peter R. 1942- De Haseth, James A. |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Griffiths, Peter R. 1942- |
| author_variant | p r g pr prg h j a d hja hjad |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV020868942 |
| callnumber-first | Q - Science |
| callnumber-label | QD96 |
| callnumber-raw | QD96.I5 |
| callnumber-search | QD96.I5 |
| callnumber-sort | QD 296 I5 |
| callnumber-subject | QD - Chemistry |
| classification_rvk | UH 6000 VG 9200 VG 9300 |
| classification_tum | CHE 239f PHY 125f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)254783254 (DE-599)BVBBV020868942 |
| dewey-full | 535.842 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 535 - Light and related radiation |
| dewey-raw | 535.842 |
| dewey-search | 535.842 |
| dewey-sort | 3535.842 |
| dewey-tens | 530 - Physics |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik Chemie |
| discipline_str_mv | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik Chemie |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV020868942 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T13:25:27Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:27:05Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0471194042 9780471194040 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014190720 |
| oclc_num | 254783254 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-20 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-522 DE-634 DE-92 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-20 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-522 DE-634 DE-92 DE-188 |
| physical | XVII, 529 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Chemical analysis |
| series2 | Chemical analysis |
| spelling | Griffiths, Peter R. 1942- Verfasser (DE-588)172105838 aut Fourier transform infrared spectrometry Peter R. Griffiths ; James A. de Haseth 2. ed. Hoboken, NJ Wiley 2007 XVII, 529 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Chemical analysis 171 FT-IR-Spektroskopie Fourier-Spektroskopie Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Infrarotspektroskopie (DE-588)4135411-4 gnd rswk-swf Fourier-Spektroskopie (DE-588)4135413-8 gnd rswk-swf Fourier-Transformation (DE-588)4018014-1 gnd rswk-swf FT-IR-Spektroskopie (DE-588)4135416-3 gnd rswk-swf FT-IR-Spektroskopie (DE-588)4135416-3 s DE-604 Fourier-Spektroskopie (DE-588)4135413-8 s Infrarotspektroskopie (DE-588)4135411-4 s 1\p DE-604 Fourier-Transformation (DE-588)4018014-1 s 2\p DE-604 De Haseth, James A. Verfasser aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-470-10629-7 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-470-10631-0 Chemical analysis 171 (DE-604)BV000008780 171 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014190720&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Griffiths, Peter R. 1942- De Haseth, James A. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry Chemical analysis FT-IR-Spektroskopie Fourier-Spektroskopie Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Infrarotspektroskopie (DE-588)4135411-4 gnd Fourier-Spektroskopie (DE-588)4135413-8 gnd Fourier-Transformation (DE-588)4018014-1 gnd FT-IR-Spektroskopie (DE-588)4135416-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4135411-4 (DE-588)4135413-8 (DE-588)4018014-1 (DE-588)4135416-3 |
| title | Fourier transform infrared spectrometry |
| title_auth | Fourier transform infrared spectrometry |
| title_exact_search | Fourier transform infrared spectrometry |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Fourier transform infrared spectrometry |
| title_full | Fourier transform infrared spectrometry Peter R. Griffiths ; James A. de Haseth |
| title_fullStr | Fourier transform infrared spectrometry Peter R. Griffiths ; James A. de Haseth |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fourier transform infrared spectrometry Peter R. Griffiths ; James A. de Haseth |
| title_short | Fourier transform infrared spectrometry |
| title_sort | fourier transform infrared spectrometry |
| topic | FT-IR-Spektroskopie Fourier-Spektroskopie Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Infrarotspektroskopie (DE-588)4135411-4 gnd Fourier-Spektroskopie (DE-588)4135413-8 gnd Fourier-Transformation (DE-588)4018014-1 gnd FT-IR-Spektroskopie (DE-588)4135416-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | FT-IR-Spektroskopie Fourier-Spektroskopie Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Infrarotspektroskopie Fourier-Transformation |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014190720&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000008780 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT griffithspeterr fouriertransforminfraredspectrometry AT dehasethjamesa fouriertransforminfraredspectrometry |