Quaternary dating methods:
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Chichester [u.a.]
Wiley
2005
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Table of contents Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Physical Description: | XVII, 286 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0470869267 0470869275 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Walker, Mike J. C. |d 1947- |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Quaternary dating methods |c Mike Walker |
| 264 | 1 | |a Chichester [u.a.] |b Wiley |c 2005 | |
| 300 | |a XVII, 286 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Géochronométrie | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Stratigraphie - Quaternaire | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Wetenschappelijke technieken |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geochronometry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geology, Stratigraphic |y Quaternary | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Radioactive dating | |
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| adam_text | Contents
Preface
xv
1
Dating Methods and the Quaternary
1
1.1
Introduction
1
1.2
The Development of Quaternary Dating
2
1.3
Precision and Accuracy in Dating
5
1.4
Atomic Structure, Radioactivity and
Radiometrie
Dating
7
1.5
The Quaternary:
Stratigraphie
Framework and Terminology
9
1.6
The Scope and Content of the Book
12
Notes
15
2 Radiometrie
Dating
1:
Radiocarbon Dating
17
2.1
Introduction
17
2.2
Basic Principles
18
2.3
Radiocarbon Measurement
19
2.3.1
Beta Counting
20
2.3.2
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
20
2.3.3
Extending the Radiocarbon Timescale
23
2.3.4
Laboratory Intercomparisons
24
2.4
Sources of Error in Radiocarbon Dating
24
2.4.1
Contamination
24
2.4.2
Isotopie Fractionation
25
2.4.3
Marine Reservoir Effects
26
2.4.4
Long-Term
Variations in 14C Production
27
2.5
Some Problematic Dating Materials
29
2.5.1
Lake Sediments
29
2.5.2
Shell
30
2.5.3
Bone
31
2.5.4
Soil
31
2.6
Calibration of the Radiocarbon Timescale
32
2.6.1
Dendrochronological Calibration
32
2.6.2
The INTCAL Calibration
32
2.6.3
Extending the Radiocarbon Calibration Curve
34
viii Contents
2.6.4
Bayesian Analysis and Radiocarbon Calibration
35
2.6.5
Wiggle-Match Dating
37
2.7
Applications of Radiocarbon Dating
37
2.7.1
Radiocarbon Dating: Some Routine Applications
37
2.7.1.1
Dating of plant macrofossils: Lateglacial cereal
cultivation in the valley of the Euphrates
38
2.7.1.2
Dating of charcoal: a Holocene
palaeoenvironmental record from western
Germany
38
2.7.1.3
Dating of peat: a Holocene palaeoclimatic record
from northern England
41
2.7.1.4
Dating of organic lake mud: a multi-proxy
palaeoenvironmental record from Lake Rutundu,
East Africa
41
2.7.1.5
Dating of marine micropalaeontological records:
an example of a problem from the North Atlantic
43
2.7.1.6
Dating of marine shell: a Holocene aeolianite
from Mexico
45
2.7.1.7
Dating of bone: the earliest humans in the Americas
47
2.7.2
Radiocarbon Dating of Other Materials
47
2.7.2.1
Dating of textiles: the Shroud of Turin
48
2.7.2.2
Dating of old documents: the
Vinland
Map
49
2.7.2.3
Dating of lime mortar: medieval churches in Finland
51
2.7.2.4
Dating of hair: radiocarbon dates and
DNA
from individual animal hairs
51
2.7.2.5
Dating of iron artefacts: the Himeji nail and
the Damascus sword
52
2.7.2.6
Dating of pottery: the earliest pottery in Japan
52
2.7.2.7
Dating of rock art: Palaeolithic cave paintings
in Spain and France
53
Notes
54
3 Radiometrie
Dating
2:
Dating Using Long-Lived and
Short-Lived Radioactive Isotopes
57
3.1
Introduction
57
3.2
Argon-Isotope Dating
58
3.2.1
Principles of Potassium-Argon Dating
58
3.2.2
Principles of Argon-Argon Dating
59
3.2.3
Some Assumptions and Problems Associated with
Potassium-Argon and Argon-Argon Dating
59
3.2.4
Some Applications of Potassium-Argon and
Argon-Argon Dating
61
3.2.4.1
Potassium-argon and argon-argon dating of the
dispersal of Early Pleistocene hominids
62
3.2.4.2
40Ar/39Ar dating of anatomically modern Homo
sapiens from Ethiopia
62
Contents ix
3.2.4.3 40Ar/39Ar
dating of historical materials: the
eruption of Vesuvius in ad
79 65
3.2.4.4
40Ar/39Ar dating and geological provenancing
of a stone axe from Stonehenge, England
66
3.3
Uranium-Series Dating
66
3.3.1
Principles of U-Series Dating
67
3.3.2
Some Problems Associated with U-Series Dating
69
3.3.3
Some Applications of U-Series Dating
71
3.3.3.1
Dating the Last
Interglacial
high sea-level
stand in Hawaii
71
3.3.3.2
Dating of early hominid remains from China
72
3.3.3.3
Dating of a speleothem from northern Norway
74
3.3.3.4
Dating of fluvial terraces in Wyoming, USA
74
3.4
Cosmogenic Nuclide Dating
77
3.4.1
Principles of Cosmogenic Nuclide (CN) Dating
77
3.4.2
Sources of Error in CN Dating
79
3.4.3
Some Applications of CN Dating
80
3.4.3.1
Cosmogenic dating of two Late Pleistocene
glacial advances in Alaska
80
3.4.3.2
Cosmogenic dating of the
Salpausselkä
I formation
in Finland
82
3.4.3.3
Cosmogenic dating of Holocene landsliding,
The Storr, Isle of Skye, Scotland
82
3.4.3.4
Cosmogenic dating of alluvial deposits,
Ajo
Mountains, southern Arizona, USA
84
3.5
Dating Using Short-Lived Isotopes
84
3.5.1
Lead-210(2l0Pb)
85
3.5.2
Caesium-
137
( Cs)
86
3.5.3
Silicon-32 (32Si)
86
3.5.4
Some Problems in Using Short-Lived Isotopes
87
3.5.5
Some Dating Applications Using Short-Lived Isotopes
87
3.5.5.1
Dating a record of human impact in a lake
sequence in northern England
88
3.5.5.2
Dating a 500-year lake sediment/temperature
record from Baffin Island, Canada
88
3.5.5.3
32Si dating of marine sediments
from Bangladesh
91
Notes
92
Radiometrie
Dating
3:
Radiation Exposure Dating
93
4.1
Introduction
93
4.2
Luminescence Dating
94
4.2.1
Thermoluminescence (TL)
94
4.2.2
Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL)
96
4.2.3
Sources of Error in Luminescence Dating
99
4.2.4
Some Applications of Luminescence Dating
100
χ
Contents
4.2
Α.
1
TL
dating of Early Iron Age iron smelting
in Ghana
100
4.2.4.2
TL and
AMS
radiocarbon dating of pottery
from the Russian Far East
101
4.2.4.3
TL dating of burnt flint from a cave site in France
102
4.2.4.4
TL dating of the first humans in South America
103
4.2.4.5
OSL dating of young coastal dunes in the
northern Netherlands
104
4.2.4.6
OSL dating of dune sands from
Biombos Cave,
South Africa: single and multiple grain data
104
4.2.4.7
OSL dating of fluvial deposits in the lower
Mississippi Valley, USA
107
4.2.4.8
OSL dating of marine deposits in Denmark
108
4.3
Electron Spin Resonance Dating
109
4.3.1
Principles of ESR Dating
109
4.3.2
Sources of Error in ESR Dating
110
4.3.3
Some Applications of ESR Dating
110
4.3.3.1
ESR dating of teeth from the Hoxnian
Interglacial
type locality, England
111
4.3.3.2
ESR dating of mollusc shells from the
Northern Caucasus and the earliest humans in
eastern Europe
112
4.3.3.3
ESR dating of Holocene coral: an
experimental approach
113
4.3.3.4
ESR dating of quartz: the
Toba
super-eruption
113
4.4
Fission Track Dating
114
4.4.1
Principles of Fission Track Dating
115
4.4.2
Some Problems Associated with Fission Track Dating
116
4.4.3
Some Applications of Fission Track Dating
116
4.4.3.1
Fission track dating of glacial events in Argentina
116
4.4.3.2
Fission track dating of a Middle Pleistocene
fossiliferous sequence from central Italy
117
4.4.3.3
Dating of obsidian in the Andes,
South America, and the sourcing of artefacts
117
Notes
119
5
Dating Using Annually Banded Records
121
5.1
Introduction
121
5.2
Dendrochronology
122
5.2.1
Principles of Dendrochronology
122
5.2.2
Problems Associated with Dendrochronology
123
5.2.3
Dendrochronological Series
125
5.2.4
Applications of Dendrochronology
127
5.2.4.1
Dating a 2000-year temperature record for the
northern hemisphere
128
5.2.4.2
Dating historical precipitation records
128
Contents xi
5.2.4.3
Dating volcanic events
129
5.2.4.4
Dating archaeological evidence
130
5.3
Varve Chronology
132
5.3.1
The Nature of Varved Sediments
133
5.3.2
Sources of Error in Varve Chronologies
135
5.3.3
Applications of Varve Chronologies
136
5.3.3.1
Dating regional patterns of
déglaciation
in
Scandinavia
136
5.3.3.2
Dating prehistoric land-use changes
136
5.3.3.3
Dating long-term climatic and environmental changes
139
5.3.3.4
Varve sequences and the radiocarbon timescale
140
5.4
Lichenometry
141
5.4.1
Principles of Lichenometric Dating
142
5.4.2
Problems Associated with Lichenometric Dating
142
5.4.3
Lichenometry and Late Holocene Environments
143
5.4.3.1
Dating post-Little Ice Age glacier recession in Norway
144
5.4.3.2
Dating rock glaciers and Little Ice Age moraines
in the Sierra Nevada, western USA
144
5.4.3.3
Dating Late Holocene
rockfall
activity on a
Norwegian talus slope
146
5.4.3.4
Dating archaeological features on raised
shorelines in northern Sweden
147
5.5
Annual Layers in Glacier Ice
148
5.5.1
Ice-Core Chronologies
149
5.5.2
Errors in Ice-Core Chronologies
150
5.5.3
Ice Cores and the Quaternary Palaeoenvironmental Record
151
5.5.3.1
Dating climatic instability as revealed in the
Greenland ice cores
151
5.5.3.2
Dating rapid climate change: the end of the
Younger Dryas in Greenland
152
5.5.3.3
Dating long-term variations in atmospheric
Greenhouse Trace Gases
154
5.5.3.4
Dating human impact on climate as reflected
in ice-core records
155
5.6
Other Media Dated by Annual Banding
156
5.6.1
Speleothems
156
5.6.1.1
Dating a proxy record for twentieth-century
precipitation from Poole s Cavern, England
156
5.6.1.2
Dating climate variability in central China
over the last
1270
years
157
5.6.2
Corals
158
5.6.2.1
Dating a 420-year-coral-based
palaeoenvironmental record from the
southwestern Pacific
158
5.6.2.2
Dating a 240-year palaeoprecipitation
record from Florida. USA
158
xii Contents
5.6.3
Molluscs
160
5.6.3.1
The development of a sclerochronology using
the long-lived bivalve
Arctica
islándica
160
5.6.3.2
The development of a clam-ring master
chronology from a short-lived bivalve mollusc
and its palaeoenvironmental significance
162
Notes
162
6
Relative Dating Methods
165
6.1
Introduction
165
6.2
Rock Surface Weathering
166
6.2.1
Surface Weathering Features
166
6.2.2
Problems in Using Surface Weathering Features to
Establish Relative Chronologies
167
6.2.3
Applications of Surface Weathering Dating
168
6.2.3.1
Relative dating of Holocene glacier
fluctuations in the Nepal Himalaya
168
6.2.3.2
Relative dating of periglacial trimlines
in northwest Scotland
168
6.2.3.3
Relative dating of archaeological features
by Lake Superior, Canada
170
6.3
Obsidian
Hydration
Dating
172
6.3.1
The
Hydration
Layer
173
6.3.2
Problems with Obsidian
Hydration
Dating
173
6.3.3
Some Applications of Obsidian
Hydration
Dating
174
6.3.3.1
Dating of a Pleistocene age site,
Manus
Island, Papua New Guinea
174
6.3.3.2
Dating of fluvially reworked sediment in Montana, US A
176
6.4
Pedogenesis
176
6.4.1
Soil Development Indices
176
6.4.2
Problems in Using Pedogenesis as a Basis for Dating
177
6.4.3
Some Applications of Dating Based on Pedogenesis
178
6.4.3.1
Relative dating of moraines in the Sierra
Nevada, California
178
6.4.3.2
Dating glacial events in southeastern Peru
178
6.5
Relative Dating of Fossil Bone
180
6.5.1
Post-Burial Changes in Fossil Bone
181
6.5.2
Problems in the Relative Dating of Bone
181
6.5.3
Some Applications of the Relative Dating of Bone
182
6.5.3.1
Fluoride dating of mastodon bone from an
early palaeoindian site, eastern USA
182
6.5.3.2
Chemical dating of animal bones from Sweden
182
6.6
Amino
Acid Geochronology
184
6.6.1
Proteins and
Amino
Acids
185
6.6.2
Amino
Acid
Diagenesis 186
6.6.3
Problems with
Amino
Acid Geochronology
187
Contents xiii
6.6.4 Applications
of
Amino
Acid Geochronology
188
6.6.4.1
Dating and correlation of the last
interglacial
shoreline
(-MOI
substage 5e) in
Australia using
aminostratigraphy
189
6.6.4.2
Quaternary aminostratigraphy in northwestern
France based on non-marine molluscs
189
6.6.4.3
Dating the earliest modern humans in southern
Africa using
amino
acid ratios in ostrich eggshell
191
6.6.4.4
Dating sea-level change in the Bahamas over
the last half million years
192
Notes
195
7
Techniques for Establishing Age Equivalence
197
7.1
Introduction
197
7.2
Oxygen Isotope Chronostratigraphy
198
7.2.1
Marine Oxygen Isotope Stages
199
7.2.2
Dating the Marine Oxygen Isotope Record
199
7.2.3
Problems with the Marine Oxygen Isotope Record
201
7.3
Tephrochronology
202
7.3.1
Tephras in Quaternary Sediments
202
7.3.2
Dating of Tephra Horizons
204
7.3.3
Problems with Tephrochronology
205
7.3.4
Applications of Tephrochronology
207
7.3.4.1
Dating the first human impact in New Zealand
using tephrochronology
207
7.3.4.2
Dating and correlating events in the North Atlantic
region during the Last Glacial-Interglacial transition
using tephrochronology
209
7.3.4.3
Dating Middle Pleistocene artefacts and
cultural traditions in East Africa using
tephrostratigraphy
209
7.3.4.4
Dating Early and Middle Pleistocene
glaciations
in Yukon by tephrochronology
211
7.4
Palaeomagnetism
213
7.4.1
The Earth s Magnetic Field
214
7.4.2
The Palaeomagnetic Record in Rocks and Sediments
215
7.4.3
Magnetostratigraphy
216
7.4.3.1
Polarity changes and the palaeomagnetic timescale
216
7.4.3.2
Secular variations
216
7.4.3.3
Mineral magnetic potential
219
7.4.4
Some Problems with Palaeomagnetic Dating
220
7.4.5
Applications of Palaeomagnetic Dating
221
7.4.5.1
Dating lake sediments using palaeosecular variations
221
7.4.5.2
Palaeomagnetic correlations between Scandinavian
Ice Sheet fluctuations and Greenland
ice-core records
222
xiv Contents
7.4.5.3 Palaeomagnetic
dating of the earliest
humans in Europe
223
7.4.5.4
Palaeomagnetic dating of the Sterkfontein
hominid, South Africa
224
7.5
Palaeosols
225
7.5.1
The Nature of Palaeosols
227
7.5.2
Palaeosols as Soil-Stratigraphic Units
228
7.5.3
Some Problems with Using Palaeosols to
Establish Age Equivalence
229
7.5.4
Applications of Palaeosols in the Establishment of Age
Equivalence
230
7.5.4.1
Buried palaeosols on the Avonmouth Level,
southwest England:
stratigraphie
markers
in Holocene
intertidal
sediments
230
7.5.4.2
The Valley Farm and Barham Soils: key
stratigraphie
marker horizons in
southeast England
231
7.5.4.3
Correlation between the Chinese
loess-palaeosol sequence and the deep-ocean
core record for the past
2.5
million years
233
Notes
235
8
Dating the Future
237
8.1
Introduction
237
8.2 Radiometrie
Dating
237
8.3
Annually Banded Records
240
8.4
Age Equivalence
242
8.5
Biomolecular Dating
243
Notes
244
References
245
Index
279
Quaternary
Dating
Methods
MIKE WALKER
University of Wales,
Lampeter
The Quaternary is the most recent major subdivision of the geological record,
covering the last
2.5
million years or so of Earth history and extending to the
present day. Over the course of the Quaternary, the earth s global climate
system oscillated between glacial and
interglacial
modes. A reliable chronology
is key to our understanding not only of the dramatic changes in the physical
and biotic landscapes that resulted from these major climatic shifts, but also of
the important human evolutionary and dispersal events that occurred during
this period. Quaternary Dating Methods describes the different techniques that
can be employed to establish a Quaternary
timescale, and shows the wide range of
contexts in which these can be applied.
The book begins with a review of the history
of Quaternary dating from the early attempts
based on biblical genealogies to recent
developments involving
radiometrie
methods.
The basics of radioactivity and concepts of
Quaternary stratigraphy are also introduced.
Subsequent chapters cover the different
dating techniques, beginning with those
based on the radioactive decay of certain
chemical elements, through the use of
annually-banded records such as tree-rings
and varves, to methods that enable materials
either to be ranked in terms of relative order
of antiquity or to be correlated using time-
parallel marker horizons in different
sedimentary sequences.
This book:
Introduces each dating technique
in a clear and straightforward
manner, with a minimum of
technical detail
Discusses the strengths and
weaknesses of each method
Focuses on the practical aspects
of dating, with specific examples
that show the versatility of the
different approaches
Covers a broad field, including
Quaternary Science, Earth Science
and Archaeology
This book is essential reading for second and third-year undergraduates in
Physical Geography, Environmental Science, Earth Science and Archaeology,
and for students taking courses in Quaternary Studies, Geochronology, and
Palaeoclimatology It is equally important for professionals in the fields of
Earth, Environmental and Archaeological Sciences, who need to know about
the range of dating techniques that are available, and about their strengths,
limitations and potential applications
|
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| dewey-search | 551.7/01 |
| dewey-sort | 3551.7 11 |
| dewey-tens | 550 - Earth sciences |
| discipline | Geologie / Paläontologie Geschichte Geographie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV019897015 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:08:39Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0470869267 0470869275 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2004029171 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-013221112 |
| oclc_num | 57208932 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29 DE-20 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-11 DE-188 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| owner_facet | DE-29 DE-20 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-11 DE-188 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| physical | XVII, 286 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publishDateSearch | 2005 |
| publishDateSort | 2005 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Walker, Mike J. C. 1947- Verfasser aut Quaternary dating methods Mike Walker Chichester [u.a.] Wiley 2005 XVII, 286 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Datation radioactive Datering gtt Géochronométrie Quartair gtt Stratigraphie - Quaternaire Wetenschappelijke technieken gtt Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten Geochronometry Geology, Stratigraphic Quaternary Radioactive dating Altersbestimmung (DE-588)4142049-4 gnd rswk-swf Quartär (DE-588)4048009-4 gnd rswk-swf Quartär (DE-588)4048009-4 s Altersbestimmung (DE-588)4142049-4 s DE-604 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip054/2004029171.html Table of contents Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=013221112&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=013221112&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Walker, Mike J. C. 1947- Quaternary dating methods Datation radioactive Datering gtt Géochronométrie Quartair gtt Stratigraphie - Quaternaire Wetenschappelijke technieken gtt Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten Geochronometry Geology, Stratigraphic Quaternary Radioactive dating Altersbestimmung (DE-588)4142049-4 gnd Quartär (DE-588)4048009-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4142049-4 (DE-588)4048009-4 |
| title | Quaternary dating methods |
| title_auth | Quaternary dating methods |
| title_exact_search | Quaternary dating methods |
| title_full | Quaternary dating methods Mike Walker |
| title_fullStr | Quaternary dating methods Mike Walker |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quaternary dating methods Mike Walker |
| title_short | Quaternary dating methods |
| title_sort | quaternary dating methods |
| topic | Datation radioactive Datering gtt Géochronométrie Quartair gtt Stratigraphie - Quaternaire Wetenschappelijke technieken gtt Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten Geochronometry Geology, Stratigraphic Quaternary Radioactive dating Altersbestimmung (DE-588)4142049-4 gnd Quartär (DE-588)4048009-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Datation radioactive Datering Géochronométrie Quartair Stratigraphie - Quaternaire Wetenschappelijke technieken Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten Geochronometry Geology, Stratigraphic Quaternary Radioactive dating Altersbestimmung Quartär |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip054/2004029171.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=013221112&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=013221112&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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