Multicriteria environmental assessment: a practical guide
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Dordrecht [u.a.]
Kluwer Academic Publ.
2004
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references (p. [305]-308) and index |
| Beschreibung: | IX, 311 S. graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 1402020880 1402020899 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Multicriteria environmental assessment |b a practical guide |c by Nolberto Munier |
| 264 | 1 | |a Dordrecht [u.a.] |b Kluwer Academic Publ. |c 2004 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a aEnvironmental impact analysis | |
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| adam_text | Titel: Multicriteria environmental assessment
Autor: Munier, Nolberto
Jahr: 2004
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I: GENERAL BACKGROUND..........................................................1
CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL INFORMATION..................................................3
1.1 The purpose of this book.........................................................................3
1.2 Structure..................................................................................................3
1.3 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)...............................................8
1.4 Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)...................................................9
1.5 Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA).........................................11
1.6 Environmental and Socioeconomic Impact Assessment (ESIA)..........12
1.7 The necessity of developing an Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) for most projects.......................................................................13
1.8 What is economic development?...........................................................13
1.9 What is sustainability?...........................................................................14
1.10 The link between economic development and sustainable environment
.............................................................................................................15
1.11 The carrying capacity of the environment.............................................17
1.12 Social, economic and environmental interaction in sustainable
development...........................................................................................17
1.13 The EIA problem...................................................................................18
1.14 The decision-making process................................................................20
1.15 The EIA report.......................................................................................21
Internet references for Chapter 1....................................................................23
CHAPTER 2 - PROJECTS AND IMPACTS.................................................27
2.1 Defining the objectives of the study......................................................27
2.1.1 Projects, alternatives or options......................................................27
2.1.2 Why are there alternatives to a single project?..............................29
2.1.3 Inventory of alternatives or options................................................30
2.1.4 Identification of criteria to compare alternatives............................30
2.1.5 Projects characteristics...................................................................31
2.1.5.1 Selection of alternatives...........................................................31
2.1.5.2 Public opinion..........................................................................31
2.1.5.3 What are the problems for appraisal?......................................32
2.1.5.4 The baseline.............................................................................33
2.2 Impacts caused by projects....................................................................34
2.2.1 Impact definition............................................................................34
2.2.2 Effects caused by projects.............................................................34
2.2.2.1 Positive or adverse...................................................................34
2.2.2.2 Primary, secondary, tertiary.....................................................35
2.2.2.3 Measurable or indeterminate...................................................36
2.2.2.4 Apparent impacts.....................................................................36
2.2.2.5 Cumulative..............................................................................37
vi Multicriteria Environmental Assessment: A Practical Guide
2.2.2.6 Able to be mitigated or not in a greater or lesser degree.........37
2.2.2.7 Residual impact.......................................................................37
2.2.2.8 Spatially related.......................................................................38
2.2.2.9 Temporal related......................................................................38
2.2.2.10 Irreversible or reversible........................................................39
2.2.2.11 Likelihood of the impacts......................................................39
2.2.2.12 Unexpected impacts...............................................................39
2.2.2.13 Risk effects............................................................................40
2.2.2.14 Residual effects.....................................................................41
2.2.2.15 Population impact..................................................................41
2.2.2.16 Interaction between impacts..................................................42
2.3 Conclusion on impacts..........................................................................42
Internet references for Chapter 2....................................................................44
CHAPTER 3 - CRITERIA.............................................................................47
3.1 Criteria, Attributes or Components.......................................................47
3.1.1 Technical criteria............................................................................47
3.1.2 Environmental criteria...................................................................48
3.1.3 Safety criteria.................................................................................49
3.1.4 Social criteria.................................................................................50
3.1.5 Economic criteria...........................................................................50
3.1.6 Construction criteria......................................................................50
3.1.7 Spatial criteria................................................................................51
3.1.8 Temporal criteria...........................................................................51
3.1.9 Diverse areas covered by criteria...................................................51
3.1.10 Criteria weight.............................................................................52
3.1.11 Criteria thresholds.......................................................................53
3.1.12 Threshold standards.....................................................................54
3.1.13 Criteria relationships...................................................................56
3.1.14 Assessment of significance..........................................................56
3.1.15 Criteria selection..........................................................................56
3.2 Factor Analysis (FA).............................................................................57
3.3 Steps for Environmental Impact Assessment........................................59
3.3.1 Screening.......................................................................................59
3.3.2 Scoping..........................................................................................59
3.3.3 Remediation...................................................................................60
3.3.4 Impact assessment.........................................................................60
3.3.5 Impact mitigation...........................................................................61
3.3.6 Public participation........................................................................61
Internet references for Chapter 3...................................................................64
Nolberto Munier vii
PART II: ELEMENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL APPRAISAL.................67
CHAPTER 4 - INFORMATION FOR EIA...................................................69
4.1 Defining the problem.............................................................................69
4.2 Available tools for project appraisal......................................................69
4.3 Tools for impact identification..............................................................70
4.3.1 Checklists.......................................................................................70
4.3.1.1 Case study - Complex for energy generation and transmission
................................................................................................70
4.3.2 Network analysis............................................................................76
4.3.2.1 Case study - High speed train project......................................77
4.3.3 Leopold s matrix.............................................................................83
4.3.3.1 Case study - Construction of a water reservoir........................84
4.3.4 Flow diagrams................................................................................87
4.3.5 Battelle environmental evaluation system......................................87
4.3.6 McHarg system - Overlays.............................................................87
4.3.7 The Delphi method.........................................................................90
4.3.8 Dose-response functions.................................................................92
4.3.9 Stepped or chained matrices...........................................................94
4.3.10 Comparison of techniques..............................................................95
Internet references for Chapter 4....................................................................97
CHAPTER 5 - TECHNIQUES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPRAISAL ... 99
5.1 Geographic Information System (GIS)..................................................99
5.1.1 Fundamentals..................................................................................99
5.1.2 Case study — Road construction near archaeological ruins.........102
5.2 Contingent Valuation (CV).................................................................104
5.2.1 Case study — Visitors in an environmentally sensitive site.........105
5.3 Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)..............................................................106
5.3.1 Hedonic pricing............................................................................109
5.3.2 Case study — Sewage conversion in a tourist resort.....................111
5.4 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA)....................................................114
5.4.1 Case study — Selection of exhaust filtering equipment...............115
5.5 Input-Output analysis (IO)..................................................................117
5.5.1 Case study — Contamination produced by the automobile
manufacturing industry.............................................118
5.6 Life Cycle Analysis (LCA).................................................................122
5.6.1 Case study - Construction of a copper concentration plant..........125
5.6.2 Case study — Determination of contamination produced by a
metallurgical mining process....................................127
5.7 Multicriteria Analysis (MCA).............................................................132
5.7.1 Dollar value appraisal...................................................................134
viii Multicriteria Environmental Assessment: A Practical Guide
5.7.1.1 Case study — Selection of different urban projects...........134
5.7.2 Dollar value with monetary restrictions.......................................139
5.7.3 Environmental damage appraisal..................................................139
5.7.3.1 Case study - Selection of a chemical process to minimize
environmental costs..............................................................140
5.8 Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)...................................................145
5.8.1 Case study — Selection of renewable energy sources..............146
5.9 Mathematical Programming (MP).......................................................156
5.9.1 Case study — Construction of an oil pipeline.............................160
5.10 Actual examples of multicriteria analysis.........................................167
Example 1: Selection of waste incinerators (several countries)..........168
Example 2: Selection of a sewage system (Norway)............................168
Example 3: Options to alleviate traffic congestion (The Netherlands) 169
Example 4: Construction of an overhead power line (South Africa)... 169
Example 5: Routing for an oil pipeline................................................170
Example 6: Construction of an LPG pipeline (India)...........................170
Example 7: Ranking medium hydro-electric projects (Nepal).............171
Example 8: Policy for energy generation (Canada)..............................171
5.11 Risk Analysis (RA)............................................................................172
5.12 Techniques comparison.....................................................................175
5.13 Strategic Environmental Assessment................................................177
5.13.1 Case study-- Policy implementation for paper recycling............177
Internet references for Chapter 5.................................................................187
PART HI: EIA IN THE URBAN SCENARIO............................................195
CHAPTER 6 - EIA AND URBANIZATION..............................................197
6.1 People s participation...........................................................................197
6.2 EIA and the city...................................................................................198
6.2.1 Case study — Selection of urban intersections...........................200
6.3 Urban and regional projects.................................................................205
6.4 The execution of joint projects............................................................206
6.5 Sustainable impact...............................................................................207
6.5.1 Case study — Plan of new dwellings for low-income people......207
6.6 Indicators.............................................................................................209
6.7 Indicators selection..............................................................................212
6.8 Measuring the quantity of information provided by indicators...........213
6.8.1 Case study — Selection of urban sustainable indicators.............214
6.8.2 Case study — Selection of urban indicators and projects...........224
6.8.3 Case study — Slum upgrading....................................................225
6.9 Monitoring...........................................................................................231
Internet references for Chapter 6.................................................................232
Nolberto Munier ix
APPENDIX : MATHEMATICAL BACKGROUND TO UNDERSTAND
THE FUNDAMENTALS OF MODERN TECHNIQUES FOR
PROJECT APPRAISAL....................................................................235
A.I Introduction........................................................................................237
A. 1.1 Regression analysis......................................................................237
A.1.1.1 Example — Analysis of an urban transportation corridor........238
A. 1.2 Correlation analysis....................................................................243
A. 1.3 Matrices......................................................................................244
A.1.4 Linking matrices and correlation................................................245
A.1.5 Linear transformation of a unit circle.........................................247
A. 1.6 Relationship between the ellipse and the correlation matrix......248
A.2 Mathematical foundation of the Analytical Hierarchy Process...........251
A.2.1 Example — Analysis of a project with three criteria..................251
A.3 Foundation of Mathematical Programming.......................................253
A.3.1 Example— Analysis of a project that calls for the construction of
an oil pipeline, with four alternatives or options.......253
A.3.2 Graphic example..........................................................................256
Project: Improvement of an urban highway............................................256
A. 4 Mathematical foundation of input/output analysis..........................261
A.4.1 Example - Railway industry........................................................261
A.5 Statistical notions of Factor Analysis................................................265
A.6 The notion of opportunity cost...........................................................266
A.7 The notion of shadow prices...............................................................267
A.8 The notion of sensitivity analysis.......................................................268
Internet references for Appendix..................................................................268
Cited references on the Internet by industries..............................................269
ROAD MAP FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT..........277
Flowchart and road map for Environmental Impact Assessment................279
GLOSSARY.................................................................................................301
BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................................305
INDEX..........................................................................................................309
|
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| spelling | Munier, Nolberto Verfasser aut Multicriteria environmental assessment a practical guide by Nolberto Munier Dordrecht [u.a.] Kluwer Academic Publ. 2004 IX, 311 S. graph. Darst. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references (p. [305]-308) and index Environnement - Études d'impact aEnvironmental impact analysis Umweltanalyse (DE-588)4253324-7 gnd rswk-swf Umweltindikator (DE-588)4201889-4 gnd rswk-swf Umweltanalyse (DE-588)4253324-7 s DE-604 Umweltindikator (DE-588)4201889-4 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=013136804&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Munier, Nolberto Multicriteria environmental assessment a practical guide Environnement - Études d'impact aEnvironmental impact analysis Umweltanalyse (DE-588)4253324-7 gnd Umweltindikator (DE-588)4201889-4 gnd |
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| title | Multicriteria environmental assessment a practical guide |
| title_auth | Multicriteria environmental assessment a practical guide |
| title_exact_search | Multicriteria environmental assessment a practical guide |
| title_full | Multicriteria environmental assessment a practical guide by Nolberto Munier |
| title_fullStr | Multicriteria environmental assessment a practical guide by Nolberto Munier |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multicriteria environmental assessment a practical guide by Nolberto Munier |
| title_short | Multicriteria environmental assessment |
| title_sort | multicriteria environmental assessment a practical guide |
| title_sub | a practical guide |
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| topic_facet | Environnement - Études d'impact aEnvironmental impact analysis Umweltanalyse Umweltindikator |
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