Software engineering: 3 Domains, requirements, and software design
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
2006
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| Series: | Texts in theoretical computer science
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXX, 766 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 3540211519 9783540211518 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Software engineering |n 3 |p Domains, requirements, and software design |c Dines Bjørner |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
Preface VII
General VII
Brief Guide to Volume 3 VII
Acknowledgements X
Part I OPENING
1 The Triptych Paradigm 3
1.1 Delineations of Software Engineering 3
1.1.1 Old Delineations 3
1.1.2 Our View: What Is Software Engineering? 6
1.2 The Triptych of Software Engineering 7
1.2.1 On Universes of Discourse and Domains 7
1.2.2 Domain Engineering 9
1.2.3 Requirements Engineering 22
1.2.4 Software 24
1.2.5 Software Design 24
1.2.6 Discussion 30
1.3 Phases, Stages and Steps of Development 30
1.3.1 Phases of Software Development 31
1.3.2 Stages and Steps of Development 31
1.3.3 Domain Development 33
1.3.4 Requirements Development 36
1.3.5 Computing Systems Design 38
1.3.6 Discussion: Phases. Stages and Steps 40
1.4 The Triptych Process Model A First View 42
1.4.1 The Concept of a Process Model 42
1.4.2 The Triptych Process Model 42
1.5 Conclusion to Chapter 1 42
1.5.1 Summary 43
XII Contents
1.5.2 What Will Be Covered Later? 43
1.6 Bibliographical Notes 43
1.7 Exercises 44
1.7.1 On a Series of Software Developments 44
1.7.2 Introductory Remarks 49
1.7.3 The Exercises 50
2 Documents 53
2.1 Documentation Is All! 53
2.2 Kinds of Document Parts 54
2.2.1 General 54
2.2.2 What Is a Description? 54
2.3 Deliverables 56
2.4 Informative Document Parts 57
2.4.1 Name, Place and Date 57
2.4.2 Partners 57
2.4.3 Current Situation, Needs, Ideas and Concepts 59
2.4.4 Scope, Span and Synopsis 62
2.4.5 Assumptions and Dependencies 64
2.4.6 Implicit /Derivative Goals 65
2.4.7 Standards 65
2.4.8 Contracts and Design Briefs 68 i
2.4.9 Logbook 69
2.4.10 Discussion of Informative Documentation 69
2.5 Descriptive Document Parts 70
2.5.1 Rough Sketches 73
2.5.2 Terminologies 75
2.5.3 Narratives 78
2.5.4 Formal Descriptions 81
2.5.5 Discussion of Descriptive Documentation 84
2.6 Analytic Document Parts 84
2.6.1 Concept Formation 85
2.6.2 Validation 86
2.6.3 Verification, Model Checking, Testing 86
2.6.4 Theory Formation 87
2.6.5 Discussion of Analytic Documentation 87
2.7 Discussion 88
2.7.1 General 88
2.7.2 Summary of Chapter 88
2.8 Exercises 90
2.8.1 A Preamble 90
2.8.2 The Exercises 90
Contents XIII
Part II CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
3 Methods and Methodology 95
3.1 Method 95
3.2 Methodology 96
3.3 Method Constituents 97
3.3.1 Principle 97
3.3.2 Analysis 97
3.3.3 Construction (or Synthesis) 98
3.3.4 Techniques 98
3.3.5 Tools 98
3.4 Development Principles, Techniques and Tools 99
3.4.1 Some Metaprinciples 99
3.4.2 Some Principles, Techniques and Tools 100
3.5 Discussion 103
3.6 Exercises 104
4 Models and Modelling 105
4.1 Introductory, Context Setting Remarks 105
4.1.1 Models Versus Possible Worlds 105
4.1.2 On Models of a Specification 106
4.1.3 Modelling 106
4.1.4 Universes of Discourse 107
4.2 Model Attributes 107
4.2.1 Analogic, Analytic and Iconic Models 107
4.2.2 Descriptive and Prescriptive Models Ill
4.2.3 Extensional and Intensional Models 113
4.3 Roles of Models 115
4.4 The Modelling Principle 116
4.5 Discussion 116
4.6 Exercises 117
Part III DESCRIPTIONS: THEORY AND PRACTICE
5 Phenomena and Concepts 121
5.1 Introduction 121
5.2 Phenomena and Concepts 121
5.2.1 Physically Manifest Phenomena 122
5.2.2 Mentally Conceived Concepts 122
5.2.3 Categories of Phenomena and Concepts 122
5.2.4 Concrete and Abstract Concepts 123
5.2.5 Categories of Descriptions 123
5.2.6 What Is a Description? 124
XIV Contents
5.3 Entities 125
5.3.1 Atomic Entities 125
5.3.2 Composite Entities 126
5.3.3 Subentities 126
5.3.4 Values, Mereology and Attributes 126
5.3.5 Entity Mereology 127
5.3.6 Mereologies and Attributes 128
5.3.7 Model Oriented Mereologies 128
5.3.8 Model Oriented Attributes — An Aside 128
5.3.9 Entity Properties 128
5.3.10 Real Examples and Our Type System 129
5.3.11 A Type System 135
5.3.12 Type Constraints 136
5.3.13 Summary: Principles, Techniques and Tools 137
5.4 Functions 138
5.4.1 Function Signatures 139
5.4.2 Function Definition 140
5.4.3 Algorithms 142
5.5 Events and Behaviours 144
5.5.1 States, Actions, Events and Behaviours 144
5.5.2 Synchronisation and Communication 145
5.5.3 Processes 147
5.5.4 Traces 148
5.5.5 Process Definition Languages 148
5.6 Choice on Modelling Phenomena and Concepts 149
5.6.1 Qualitative Characteristics 149
5.6.2 Quantitative Characteristics 149
5.6.3 Principles, Techniques and Tools 151
5.7 Discussion 153
5.7.1 Entities, Functions, Events and Behaviours 153
5.7.2 Intensity and Problem Frames 153
5.8 Bibliographical Notes 154
5.9 Exercises 154
5.9.1 A Preamble 154
5.9.2 The Exercises 154
6 On Defining and on Definitions 155
6.1 A Pragmatics of Definitions 157
6.1.1 Phenomena, Artifacts and Concepts 157
6.1.2 What Are Definitions? 158
6.1.3 The Nature of Concepts Being Defined 158
6.1.4 Mathematical Definitions 159
6.1.5 Physical World Definitions 159
6.1.6 Formal Definitions 160
6.2 Varieties of Philosophy Definitions 160
Contents XV
6.2.1 Six Varietal Characterisations of Art 161
6.2.2 Discussion 162
6.2.3 A Possible Objection 163
6.3 Preliminary Discussion 163
6.4 A Syntax of Formal Definitions 163
6.4.1 Recognition and Reproduction 165
6.4.2 Uniqueness and Identification 166
6.4.3 Ontological Terms 167
6.5 A Semantics of Formal Definitions 167
6.6 Discussion 168
6.6.1 General 168
6.6.2 Principles, Techniques and Tools 168
6.7 Exercises 169
7 Jackson s Description Principles 173
7.1 Phenomena, Facts and Individuals 173
7.2 Designations 174
7.2.1 Some Observations 175
7.2.2 Formalisation 177
7.2.3 Observer Functions and Identification 178
7.2.4 Mathematical and Computing Entities 179
7.2.5 Discussion: Designations 183
7.3 Explicit Definitions 184
7.3.1 Definitions: The Narrow Bridge 184
7.3.2 Definition of Abstract, Intangible Concepts 185
7.3.3 How Much, How Little to Define? 186
7.3.4 Discussion: Definitions 186
7.4 Refutable Assertions 187
7.4.1 Designation and Definition Assertions 187
7.4.2 Analysis 188
7.4.3 Dangling Assertions 188
7.4.4 Discussion: Refutable Assertions 189
7.5 Discussion: Description Principles 190
7.6 Bibliographical Notes 190
7.7 Exercises 190
7.7.1 A Preamble 190
7.7.2 The Exercises 190
XVI Contents
Part IV DOMAIN ENGINEERING
8 Overview of Domain Engineering 193
8.1 Introduction 193
8.2 A Review of Why Domain Engineering? 194
8.3 Overview of Part and Chapter 194
8.4 Domain Stakeholders and Their Perspectives 195
8.5 Domain Acquisition and Validation 196
8.6 Domain Analysis and Concept Formation 196
8.7 Domain Facets 197
8.8 Auxiliary Stages of Domain Development 197
8.9 The Domain Model Document 198
8.9.1 A Preview of Things to Come 198
8.9.2 Contents of a Domain Model Document 198
8.10 Further Structure of This Part 199
8.11 Bibliographical Notes 199
8.12 Exercises 199
9 Domain Stakeholders 201
9.1 Introduction 201
9.2 Stakeholders 201
9.2.1 General Application Stakeholders 202
9.2.2 Software Development Stakeholders 202
9.2.3 Purpose of Listing Stakeholders 203
9.3 Stakeholder Perspectives 203
9.3.1 Perspectives of General Applications 204
9.3.2 Perspectives of Software Development 208
9.4 Discussion: Stakeholders and Their Perspectives 208
9.4.1 General 208
9.4.2 Principles, Techniques and Tools 208
9.5 Exercises 209
9.5.1 Preamble 209
9.5.2 Assignments 209
9.5.3 Postlude 210
10 Domain Attributes 211
10.1 Introduction 211
10.2 Continuity, Discreteness and Chaos 212
10.2.1 Time 212
10.2.2 Continuity 212
10.2.3 Discreteness 214
10.2.4 Chaos 220
10.2.5 Discussion 222
10.3 Statics and Dynamics 222
Contents XVII
10.3.1 Static Phenomena and Concepts 223
10.3.2 Dynamic Phenomena and Concepts 225
10.4 Tangibility and Intangibility 241
10.4.1 Humanly Tangible Phenomena 241
10.4.2 Otherwise Physically Tangible Phenomena 244
10.4.3 Intangible Phenomena 245
10.4.4 Discussion 245
10.5 One, Two, ..., Dimensionality 246
10.5.1 Zero Dimensionality 247
10.5.2 One Dimensionality 247
10.5.3 Multidimensionality 248
10.5.4 Discussion 249
10.6 Discussion 249
10.7 Bibliographical Notes 249
10.8 Exercises 250
10.8.1 A Preamble 250
10.8.2 The Exercises 250
11 Domain Facets 251
11.1 Introduction 251
11.1.1 Separation of Concerns 253
11.1.2 Discussion of the Separation Principle 253
11.1.3 Structure of Chapter 253
11.2 Domain Facilitators: Business Processes 253
11.2.1 Business Processes 254
11.2.2 Overall Principles 257
11.2.3 Informal and Formal Examples 258
11.2.4 Discussion 262
11.2.5 Summary 263
11.2.6 Reminder 263
11.3 Domain Intrinsics 264
11.3.1 Overall Principles 264
11.3.2 Conceptual Versus Actual Intrinsics 268
11.3.3 Methodological Consequences 270
11.3.4 Discussion 270
11.3.5 Utter Barebones Intrinsics 270
11.3.6 Reminder 271
11.4 Domain Support Technologies 271
11.4.1 Overall Principles 272
11.4.2 Methodological Consequences 275
11.4.3 Discussion 276
11.4.4 Reminder 276
11.5 Domain Management and Organisation 276
11.5.1 Overall Principles 277
11.5.2 A Conceptual Analysis, I 278
XVIII Contents
11.5.3 Methodological Consequences, I+II 279
11.5.4 Conceptual Analysis, II 279
11.5.5 Methodological Consequences, III 281
11.5.6 Discussion 282
11.5.7 Reminder 282
11.6 Domain Rules and Regulations 282
11.6.1 Overall Principles 283
11.6.2 Methodological Consequences 284
11.6.3 Rules and Regulation Languages 286
11.6.4 Principles and Techniques 286
11.6.5 Reminder 287
11.7 Domain Scripts 287
11.7.1 The Description of Scripts 287
11.7.2 Methodological Consequences 307
11.7.3 Reminder + More 308
11.8 Domain Human Behaviour 308
11.8.1 Overall Principles 309
11.8.2 Methodological Consequences 313
11.8.3 Human Behaviour and Knowledge Engineering 315
11.8.4 Discussion 315
11.8.5 Reminder 315
11.9 Other Domain Facets? 316
11.10 Composition of Domain Models 316
11.10.1 Collating Domain Facet Descriptions 316
11.10.2 Technical Issues 318
11.11 Exercises 318
11.11.1 A Preamble 318
11.11.2 The Exercises 318
12 Domain Acquisition 321
12.1 Introduction 321
12.1.1 Domain Facts 322
12.1.2 Elicitation of Domain Facts 322
12.1.3 Recording Domain Facts 322
12.1.4 Indexing Domain Description Sketches 323
12.2 The Acquisition Process 324
12.2.1 Stakeholder Liaison 325
12.2.2 Elicitation Studies 325
12.2.3 Elicitation Interviews 327
12.2.4 Elicitation Questionnaires 327
12.2.5 Elicitation Reports 330
12.3 Discussion 330
12.3.1 Concept and Process Review 330
12.3.2 Process Iteration 331
12.3.3 Delineation: Acquisition and Analysis 331
Contents XIX
12.3.4 Principles, Techniques and Tools 331
12.4 Exercises 332
12.4.1 A Preamble 332
12.4.2 The Exercises 332
13 Domain Analysis and Concept Formation 333
13.1 Introduction 333
13.2 Concept Formation 333
13.2.1 Simply Abstracted Concepts 334
13.2.2 Breakthrough Abstracted Concepts 335
13.3 Consistencies, Conflicts and Completeness 336
13.3.1 Inconsistencies 337
13.3.2 Conflicts 337
13.3.3 Incompleteness 337
13.3.4 Looseness and Nondeterminism 338
13.4 From Analysis to Synthesis 338
13.5 Discussion 339
13.5.1 General 339
13.5.2 Principles, Techniques and Tools 339
13.6 Bibliographical Notes 340
13.7 Exercises 340
13.7.1 A Preamble 340
13.7.2 The Exercises 341
14 Domain Verification and Validation 343
14.1 Introduction 343
14.2 Domain Verification 344
14.2.1 Informal Reasoning 345
14.2.2 Testing 345
14.2.3 Formal Proofs 345
14.2.4 Model Checking 346
14.3 Domain Validation 346
14.3.1 The Domain Validation Documents 346
14.3.2 The Domain Validation Process 347
14.3.3 Domain Development Iterations 347
14.4 Discussion 348
14.4.1 General 348
14.4.2 Principles, Techniques find Tools 348
14.5 Exercises 348
14.5.1 A Preamble 348
14.5.2 The Exercises 349
XX Contents
15 Towards Domain Theories 351
15.1 Introduction 351
15.2 What Is a Domain Theory? 352
15.3 Example Statements of Domain Theories 352
15.4 Possible Domain Theories 354
15.5 How Do We Establish a Theory? 355
15.6 Purpose of a Domain Theory 356
15.7 Summary Principles, Techniques and Tools 356
15.8 Bibliographical Notes 356
15.9 Exercises 357
15.9.1 A Preamble 357
15.9.2 The Exercises 357
16 The Domain Engineering Process Model 359
16.1 Introduction 359
16.2 Review of Domain Development 359
16.3 Review of Domain Documents 361
16.4 Discussion 362
Part V REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING
17 Overview of Requirements Engineering 365
17.1 Introduction 368
17.1.1 Further Characterisation of Requirement 369
17.1.2 The Machine 369
17.2 Why Requirements, and for What? 370
17.2.1 Why Requirements? 370
17.2.2 Requirements for What? 370
17.2.3 What Does Implements Mean? 370
17.3 Getting Started on Requirements Development 371
17.3.1 Initial Informative Documentation 371
17.3.2 Requirements Eurekas 373
17.3.3 Pragmatic Prescriptive Documentation 374
17.3.4 Planning Requirements Development 375
17.4 On Domains, Requirements and the Machine 375
17.5 Overview: Requirements Engineering Stages 377
17.6 The Requirements Document 378
17.6.1 A Preview of Things to Come 378
17.6.2 Contents of a Requirements Document 378
17.6.3 Comments on Requirements Documents 379
17.7 The Structure of the Rest of the Part 379
17.8 Bibliographical Notes 380
17.9 Exercises 380
17.9.1 A Preamble 380
Contents XXI
17.9.2 The Exercises 380
18 Requirements Stakeholders 383
18.1 Introduction 383
18.2 General Application Stakeholders 384
18.3 COTS Software House Stakeholders 384
18.3.1 General 384
18.3.2 Corporate Knowledge 385
18.3.3 Classes of Domain Specific Requirements 385
18.3.4 Generic COTS Software Stakeholder Perspective 385
18.4 Discussion 385
18.4.1 General 385
18.4.2 Principles, Techniques and Tools 386
18.5 Exercises 386
18.5.1 Preamble 386
18.5.2 The Exercises 386
19 Requirements Facets 389
19.1 Introduction 390
19.2 Rough Sketching and Terminology 390
19.2.1 Initial Requirements Modelling 390
19.2.2 Rough Sketch Requirements 391
19.2.3 Requirements Terminology 398
19.2.4 Systematic Narration 403
19.3 Business Process Reengineering Requirements 404
19.3.1 Michael Hammer s Ideas on BPR 404
19.3.2 What Are BPR Requirements? 405
19.3.3 Overview of BPR Operations 406
19.3.4 BPR and the Requirements Document 406
19.3.5 Intrinsics Review and Replacement 407
19.3.6 Support Technology Review and Replacement 407
19.3.7 Management and Organisation Reengineering 408
19.3.8 Rules and Regulations Reengineering 409
19.3.9 Human Behaviour Reengineering 409
19.3.10 Script Reengineering 410
19.3.11 Discussion: Business Process Reengineering 410
19.4 Domain Requirements 411
19.4.1 Doniain to Requirements Operations 411
19.4.2 Domain Reqs. and the Reqs. Document 412
19.4.3 A Domain Example 413
19.4.4 Domain Projection 414
19.4.5 Domain Determination 419
19.4.6 Domain Instantiation 422
19.4.7 Domain Extension 423
19.4.8 Domain Requirements Fitting 426
XXII Contents
19.4.9 Discussion: Domain Requirements 429
19.5 Interface Requirements 429
19.5.1 Shared Phenomena and Concept Identification 430
19.5.2 Interface Requirements Facets 430
19.5.3 Interface Reqs. and the Reqs. Document 431
19.5.4 Shared Data Initialisation 432
19.5.5 Shared Data Refreshment 433
19.5.6 Computational Interface Requirements 433
19.5.7 Man Machine Dialogue 434
19.5.8 Man Machine Physiological Interface 435
19.5.9 Machine Machine Dialogue 442
19.5.10 Discussion: Interface Requirements 443
19.6 Machine Requirements 445
19.6.1 Machine Requirements Facets 445
19.6.2 Machine Reqs. and the Reqs. Document 445
19.6.3 Performance Requirements 446
19.6.4 Dependability Requirements 448
19.6.5 Fault Tree Analysis 454
19.6.6 Maintenance Requirements 470
19.6.7 Platform Requirements 471
19.6.8 Documentation Requirements 473
19.6.9 Discussion: Machine Requirements 473
19.7 Composition of Requirements Models 474
19.7.1 General 474
19.7.2 Collating Requirements Facet Prescriptions 474
19.8 Discussion: Requirements Facets 474
19.8.1 General 474
19.8.2 Principles, Techniques and Tools 474
19.9 Bibliographical Notes 475
19.10 Exercises 475
19.10.1 A Preamble 475
19.10.2 The Exercises 475
20 Requirements Acquisition 479
20.1 Requirements Acquisition Versus Domain Models 479
20.2 Domain Model Based Requirements Acquisition 480
20.2.1 Domain Requirements Acquisition, a Preview 480
20.2.2 Remaining Requirements Acquisition, a Preview .... 481
20.2.3 Further Issues 482
20.3 Overview of Concepts 482
20.3.1 Requirements 482
20.3.2 Elicitation of Requirements 483
20.3.3 Recording Requirements 483
20.3.4 Indexing Requirements Prescription Sketches 484
20.4 The Acquisition Process 485
Contents XXIII
20.4.1 Stakeholder Liaison 486
20.4.2 Elicitation Studies 487
20.4.3 Elicitation Interviews 487
20.4.4 Elicitation Questionnaires 487
20.4.5 Elicitation Reports 491
20.5 Discussion 491
20.5.1 Concept and Process Review 491
20.5.2 Process Iteration 492
20.5.3 Delineation: Acquisition and Analysis 492
20.5.4 Principles, Techniques and Tools 492
20.6 Exercises 493
20.6.1 A Preamble 493
20.6.2 The Exercises 493
21 Requirements Analysis and Concept Formation 495
21.1 Introduction 495
21.2 Concept Formation 497
21.3 Consistencies, Conflicts, and Completeness 497
21.3.1 Inconsistencies 497
21.3.2 Conflicts 498
21.3.3 Incompleteness 498
21.3.4 Looseness and Nondeterminism 499
21.4 From Analysis to Synthesis 499
21.5 Discussion 499
21.5.1 General 499
21.5.2 Principles, Techniques and Tools 499
21.6 Bibliographical Notes 500
21.7 Exercises 501
21.7.1 A Preamble 501
21.7.2 The Exercises 501
22 Requirements Verification and Validation 503
22.1 Introduction 503
22.2 Requirements Verification 504
22.2.1 Informal Reasoning 505
22.2.2 Testing 505
22.2.3 Formal Proofs 506
22.2.4 Model Checking 506
22.3 Requirements Validation 506
22.3.1 The Requirements Validation Documents 507
22.3.2 The Requirements Validation Process 507
22.3.3 Requirements Development Iterations 508
22.4 Discussion 508
22.4.1 General 508
22.4.2 Principles, Techniques and Tools 508
XXIV Contents
22.5 Bibliographical Notes 509
22.6 Exercises 509
22.6.1 Preamble 509
22.6.2 The Exercises 509
23 Requirements Satisfiability and Feasibility 511
23.1 Introduction 511
23.2 Satisfaction Study 512
23.2.1 Correct (Validated) Requirements Document 512
23.2.2 Unambiguous Requirements Document 512
23.2.3 Complete Requirements Document 512
23.2.4 Consistent Requirements Document 512
23.2.5 Stable Requirements Document 512
23.2.6 Verifiable Requirements Document 513
23.2.7 Modifiable Requirements Document 513
23.2.8 Traceable Requirements Document 513
23.2.9 Faithful Requirements Document 513
23.2.10 Discussion of Satisfiability 514
23.3 Technical Feasibility Study 514
23.3.1 Feasibility of Business Process Reengineering 514
23.3.2 Feasibility of Hardware 514
23.3.3 Feasibility of Software 514
23.3.4 Discussion of Technical Feasibility 515
23.4 Economic Feasibility Study 515
23.4.1 Feasible Development Costs 515
23.4.2 Feasible Write off Costs 515
23.4.3 Gains Outweigh Costs? 515
23.4.4 Discussion of Economic Feasibility 516
23.5 Compliance with Implicit/Derivative Goals 516
23.5.1 Review of Implicit/Derivative Goals 516
23.5.2 Discussion of Implicit/Derivative Goals 516
23.6 Discussion 516
23.6.1 General 516
23.6.2 Principles, Techniques and Tools 517
23.7 Exercises 518
23.7.1 A Preamble 518
23.7.2 The Exercises 518
24 The Requirements Engineering Process Model 521
24.1 Introduction 521
24.2 Review of Requirements Development 521
24.3 Review of Requirements Documents 522
24.4 The Repeat Table of Contents Listing 522
24.5 Discussion 523
Contents XXV
Part VI COMPUTING SYSTEMS DESIGN
25 Hardware/Software Codesign 527
25.1 Introduction — On Architecture 527
25.2 Hardware Components and Modules 528
25.3 Software Components and Modules 528
25.4 Hardware/Software Codesign 528
25.5 Stepwise Refinement of Architectures 529
25.6 Discussion 529
25.7 Principles, Techniques and Tools 529
26 Software Architecture Design 531
26.1 Introduction 531
26.2 Initial Domain Requirements Architecture 532
26.3 Initial Machine Requirements Architecture 534
26.4 Analysis of Some Machine Requirements 536
26.4.1 Performance 536
26.4.2 Availability 536
26.4.3 Accessibility 537
26.4.4 Adaptive Maintainability 537
26.5 Prioritisation of Design Decisions 537
26.6 Corresponding Designs 537
26.6.1 Design Decision wrt. Performance 538
26.6.2 Design Decision wrt. Availability 539
26.6.3 Design Decision wrt. Accessibility 540
26.6.4 Design Decision wrt. Adaptability 542
26.7 Discussion 543
26.7.1 General 543
26.7.2 Principles and Techniques 544
26.8 Bibliographical Notes 545
26.9 Exercises 545
26.9.1 A Preamble 545
26.9.2 The Exercises 545
27 A Case Study in Component Design 547
27.1 Overview Introduction 547
27.1.1 System Complexity 547
27.1.2 Proposed Remedies 548
27.1.3 Stepwise Development 548
27.1.4 Stagewise Iteration 549
27.2 Overview of Example 549
27.3 Methodology Overview 550
27.3.1 Principles 550
27.3.2 Techniques 551
XXVI Contents
27.4 Step 0: Files and Pages 552
27.4.1 A Snapshot 552
27.4.2 An Abstract Formal Model 552
27.4.3 Abstract Versus Concrete Basic Actions 553
27.4.4 Concrete Actions 555
27.5 Step 1: Catalogue, Disk and Storage 555
27.5.1 Catalogue Directories 555
27.5.2 Abstraction 558
27.5.3 Actions 559
27.5.4 Adequacy and Sufficiency 561
27.5.5 Correctness 562
27.6 Step 2: Disks 564
27.6.1 Data Refinement 564
27.6.2 Disk Type 564
27.6.3 FSO, FS1 and FS2 Types 564
27.6.4 Disk Type Invariant 565
27.6.5 Disk Type Abstraction 566
27.6.6 Adequacy, Sufficiency, Operations and Correctness .. 566
27.7 Step 3: Caches 566
27.7.1 Technology Considerations 566
27.7.2 Cached Directory and Page Access 567
27.7.3 Invariance 568
27.7.4 Abstraction 569
27.7.5 Actions 569
27.7.6 Adequacy, Sufficiency and Correctness 571
27.8 Step 4: Storage Crashes 571
27.8.1 Storage and Disk 571
27.8.2 Concrete Semantic Types 572
27.8.3 Invariance 572
27.8.4 Consistent Storage and Disks 572
27.8.5 Abstractions 574
27.8.6 Garbage Collection 574
27.8.7 New Actions 575
27.8.8 Some Previous Commands 575
27.9 Step 5: Flattening Storage and Disks 576
27.9.1 Flat Storage and Disk 576
27.9.2 The Rest 577
27.10 Step 6: Disk Space Management 577
27.10.1 The Issue 577
27.10.2 The Rest 578
27.11 Discussion 579
27.11.1 General 579
27.11.2 Principles and Techniques 579
27.12 Bibliographical Notes 580
27.13 Exercises 580
Contents XXVII
27.13.1 A Preamble 580
27.13.2 The Exercises 580
28 Domain Specific Architectures 583
28.1 Introduction 583
28.1.1 General 583
28.1.2 Some Definitions 584
28.1.3 On Architectures 584
28.1.4 Problem Frames 585
28.1.5 Chapter Structure 58C
28.2 Translator Architectures 58C
28.2.1 Translator Domain 587
28.2.2 Translator Requirements 588
28.2.3 Translator Design 588
28.2.4 Process Graph for Translator Development 590
28.3 Information Repository Architectures 596
28.3.1 Information Repository Domain 597
28.3.2 Information Repository Requirements 598
28.3.3 Information Repository Design 599
28.4 Client/Server Architectures 610
28.4.1 Client/Server Domain/Requirements Models 610
28.4.2 Some Meta RSL/CSP Constructs 613
28.4.3 Single Client, Single Server Model 615
28.4.4 Multiple Client, Single Server Model 619
28.4.5 Client/Server Event Manager Model 620
28.4.6 Discussion 628
28.5 Workpiece Architectures 628
28.5.1 Workpiece Domain 629
28.5.2 Workpiece Requirements 629
28.5.3 Workpiece Systems Design 632
28.6 Reactive System Architectures 632
28.6.1 Reactive Systems Domain 632
28.6.2 Reactive Systems Control Requirements 634
28.6.3 Reactive Systems Control Design 635
28.6.4 Discussion of Reactive Systems Design 636
28.7 Connection Frame 636
28.7.1 Connection Domain 637
28.7.2 Connection Requirements 638
28.7.3 Connection Systems Design 640
28.8 Discussion 640
28.8.1 General 640
28.8.2 Principles, Techniques and Tools 640
28.9 Exercises 641
28.9.1 A Preamble 641
28.9.2 The Exercises 641
XXVIII Contents
29 Etcetera: Coding and All That! 645
29.1 From Formal Specification to Programming 645
29.1.1 From Specifications to Programs 646
29.1.2 From Abstract Types to Data Structures 646
29.1.3 From Applicative to Imperative Programs 646
29.1.4 Translations into Concurrent Programs 647
29.1.5 From RSL to SML, Java, C# and Other Languages .. 647
29.2 The Beauty of Programming 647
Art, Discipline, Craft, Science, Logic and Practice 647
29.3 Programming Practices 648
29.3.1 Structured Programming 648
29.3.2 Extreme Programming 648
29.3.3 Object Oriented cum UML Programming 649
29.3.4 Chief Programmer Programming 649
29.4 Confidence Building Software Development 650
29.4.1 When to Verify, Model Check and Test 650
29.4.2 Demo ¦ Skeleton » Prototype System 652
29.5 Verification, Model Checking and Testing 655
29.5.1 Verification 656
29.5.2 Model Checking 658
29.5.3 Testing 658
29.5.4 Discussion 661
29.6 Discussion 661
29.7 Exercises 662
29.7.1 A Preamble 662
29.7.2 The Exercises 662
30 The Computing Systems Design Process Model 663
30.1 Introduction 663
30.2 Review of Software Design 663
30.2.1 A Process Model 664
30.2.2 Discussion 665
30.3 Review of Software Design Documents 666
30.4 Discussion 668
Part VII CLOSING
31 The Triptych Development Process Model 671
31.1 Phase Process Models 671
31.2 Phase Documentation Table of Contents 675
31.3 Conclusion 678
Contents XXIX
32 Finale 679
32.1 Informal and Formal Software Engineering 679
32.1.1 Informal Software Engineering 680
32.1.2 Formal Software Engineering 680
32.1.3 Conclusion 680
32.2 Myths and Commandments of Formal Methods 680
32.2.1 First Seven Myths 681
32.2.2 Seven More Myths 682
32.2.3 Ten Formal Methods Commandments 683
32.3 FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions 685
32.3.1 General 685
32.3.2 Domains 686
32.3.3 Requirements 688
32.4 Research and Tool Development 688
32.4.1 Evolving Principles, Techniques and Tools 688
32.4.2 Grand Challenges 689
32.5 Application Areas 691
32.5.1 Additional Areas 691
32.5.2 The Examples 692
32.6 Closing Remarks 693
32.6.1 On Programming, Engineering and Management .... 693
32.6.2 Current Software Engineering Edifices 694
32.6.3 Current Software Engineering Jargon 694
32.6.4 A New View on Software Engineering 695
Part VIII APPENDIXES
A An RSL Primer 699
A.I Types 699
A.1.1 Type Expressions 699
A.1.2 Type Definitions 701
A.2 The RSL Predicate Calculus 702
A.2.1 Prepositional Expressions 702
A.2.2 Simple Predicate Expressions 702
A.2.3 Quantified Expressions 703
A.3 Concrete RSL Types 703
A.3.1 Set Enumerations 703
A.3.2 Cartesian Enumerations 704
A.3.3 List Enumerations 704
A.3.4 Map Enumerations 705
A.3.5 Set Operations 705
A.3.6 Cartesian Operations 707
A.3.7 List Operations 708
A.3.8 Map Operations 709
XXX Contents
A.4 A Calculus and Functions 711
A.4.1 The A Calculus Syntax 711
A.4.2 Free and Bound Variables 712
A.4.3 Substitution 712
A.4.4 a Renaming and /^ Reduction 712
A.4.5 Function Signatures 713
A.4.6 Function Definitions 713
A.5 Further Applicative Expressions 714
A.5.1 Let Expressions 714
A.5.2 Conditionals 715
A.5.3 Operator/Operand Expressions 716
A.6 Imperative Constructs 716
A.6.1 Variables and Assignment 716
A.6.2 Statement Sequences and skip 716
A.6.3 Imperative Conditionals 717
A.6.4 Iterative Conditionals 717
A.6.5 Iterative Sequencing 717
A.7 Process Constructs 717
A.7.1 Process Channels 717
A.7.2 Process Composition 718
A.7.3 Input/Output Events 718
A.7.4 Process Definitions 718
A.8 Simple RSL Specifications 719
B Glossary 721
C Indexes 723
C.I Concepts Index 724
C.2 Characterisations and Definitions Index 741
C.3 Authors Index 745
References 749
|
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| id | DE-604.BV019685998 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:03:48Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3540211519 9783540211518 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-013013894 |
| oclc_num | 181508559 |
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| physical | XXX, 766 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
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| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Texts in theoretical computer science |
| spelling | Bjørner, Dines 1937- Verfasser (DE-588)10903046X aut Software engineering 3 Domains, requirements, and software design Dines Bjørner Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2006 XXX, 766 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Texts in theoretical computer science Computer programming Software engineering Software Engineering (DE-588)4116521-4 gnd rswk-swf Software Engineering (DE-588)4116521-4 s DE-604 (DE-604)BV019685982 3 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=013013894&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bjørner, Dines 1937- Software engineering Computer programming Software engineering Software Engineering (DE-588)4116521-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4116521-4 |
| title | Software engineering |
| title_auth | Software engineering |
| title_exact_search | Software engineering |
| title_full | Software engineering 3 Domains, requirements, and software design Dines Bjørner |
| title_fullStr | Software engineering 3 Domains, requirements, and software design Dines Bjørner |
| title_full_unstemmed | Software engineering 3 Domains, requirements, and software design Dines Bjørner |
| title_short | Software engineering |
| title_sort | software engineering domains requirements and software design |
| topic | Computer programming Software engineering Software Engineering (DE-588)4116521-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Computer programming Software engineering Software Engineering |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=013013894&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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