Patterns and policies of research funding in the forest sector: A comparative study between Finland and Norway
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Joensuu
European Forest Inst.
1995
|
| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Series: | European Forest Institute research report
4 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | IX, 189 S. Graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9529844093 |
Staff View
MARC
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
Foreword
...........................................................................................................................
χ
Acknowledgements
.......................................................................................................xi
SUMMARY
....................................................................................................................1
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
.....................................................................................5
1
INTRODUCTION
..................................................................................................6
1.1
A European perspective
...................................................................................6
1.2
The changing environments of forest sector research in Finland
and Norway
..........................................................................................................8
1.2.1
Research funding
.....................................................................................8
1.2.2
Research priorities
..................................................................................9
1.3
Purpose of the study
........................................................................................11
1.4
Research strategy, material and limitations
...........................................13
2
RESEARCH FUNDING AND THEORY
.....................................................17
2.1
Accounting for research expenditure
.......................................................17
2.2
Factors affecting research funding
.............................................................20
2.2.1
Science policy and theory
..................................................................20
2.2.2
Economic criteria for public and private funding
...................21
2.2.3
R&D as a means of forest policy
.....................................................24
2.2.4
Privatization policies
...........................................................................26
2.2.5
Distribution criteria
..............................................................................27
3
FOREST SECTOR RESEARCH IN FINLAND
.........................................30
3.1
Research organizations
...................................................................................30
3.2
Sources of funding
............................................................................................32
3.2.1
Public funding
........................................................................................32
3.2.2
Private funding
......................................................................................34
3.2.3
International funding
..........................................................................35
3.3
Funding structure
.............................................................................................37
3.4
Recent developments in funding levels and structures
....................39
3.5
Funding and research activities
..................................................................42
3.5.1
Personnel policy
.....................................................................................42
3.5.2
Acquisition of research equipment
................................................42
3.5.3
Research projects and results
............................................................43
3.5.4
Fund distribution
..................................................................................44
3.5.5
Freedom of research
.............................................................................45
3.5.6
Cooperation and contacts with users
............................................46
3.5.7
Strategies for an increased level and improved use of funds
.....47
3.6
Future prospects
................................................................................................48
vi
Contents
4
FOREST
SECTOR
RESEARCH IN
NORWAY
...........................................50
4.1
Research
organizations
...................................................................................50
4.2
Sources of funding
............................................................................................51
4.2.1
Public funding
........................................................................................51
4.2.2
Private funding
......................................................................................54
4.2.3
International funding
..........................................................................55
4.3
Funding structure
.............................................................................................55
4.4
Recent developments in funding levels and structures
....................57
4.5
Funding and research activities
..................................................................59
4.5.1
Personnel policy
.....................................................................................59
4.5.2
Acquisition of research equipment
................................................60
4.5.3
Research projects and results
............................................................61
4.5.4
Fund distribution
..................................................................................62
4.5.5
Freedom of research
.............................................................................62
4.5.6
Cooperation and contacts with users
............................................64
4.5.7
Strategies for an increased level and improved use of funds
.....65
4.6
Future prospects
................................................................................................66
5
FINLAND AND NORWAY COMPARED
..................................................69
5.1
Research fields and types of institutes
.....................................................69
5.2
Research funding
..............................................................................................71
5.2.1
Sectors of performance
........................................................................71
5.2.2
Sources of funding
................................................................................72
5.2.3
Flow of funds
..........................................................................................75
5.2.4
Recent developments
...........................................................................78
5.2.5
Research intensity
.................................................................................79
5.3
Research personnel
..........................................................................................80
6
DISCUSSION
.........................................................................................................82
6.1
Implementation and reliability
...................................................................82
6.2
Theory and empirical findings
....................................................................83
6.2.1
Public and private funding
...............................................................83
6.2.2
Policies related to research funding
...............................................85
6.3
Recommendations
............................................................................................87
6.3.1
Accounting of research funding
......................................................87
6.3.2
Personnel policy
.....................................................................................88
6.3.3
Availability of research equipment
................................................89
6.3.4
Fund distribution
..................................................................................90
6.3.5
Cooperation with users of results
...................................................91
6.3.6
Research and education
......................................................................92
6.3.7
Competition vs. centralized decision-making
...........................92
6.3.8
Maintenance of scientific competence
..........................................93
6.3.9
Level of research funding
..................................................................95
6.4
Future studies
.....................................................................................................97
REFERENCES
.............................................................................................................98
Contents
vii
APPENDIX
I
Funding structures of major research organizations within the forest
sectors of Finland and Norway in
1983-94
Finnish organizations
Figure
1.
The University of Helsinki, Departments of Forest Ecology,
Forest Resource Management and Forest Economics
...................102
Figure
2.
The University of Joensuu, Faculty of Forestry
..............................103
Figure
3.
The Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Forest
Products Technology
............................................................................103
Figure
4.
The Finnish Forest Research Institute
...............................................104
Figure
5.
The Technical Research Centre of Finland, Research Area Wood
Technology ( The Forest Products Laboratory )
...........................104
Figure
6.
The Foundation for Forest Tree Breeding in Finland
....................105
Figure
7.
The Work Efficiency Institute, Forestry Department and the
Forest ExperimentStation
...................................................................105
Figure
8. Metsäteho,
the R&D Department for Timber Procurement and
Production of the Finnish Forest Industries Federation
..................106
Figure
9.
The Finnish Pulp and Paper Research Institute
.............................106
Figure
10.
The European Forest Institute
............................................................107
Norwegian organizations
Figure
11.
The Agricultural University of Norway, Department of Forest
Sciences
....................................................................................................108
Figure
12.
The Norwegian Forest Research Institute
........................................109
Figure
13.
The Norwegian Institute for Nature Research
................................109
Figure
14.
The Norwegian Institute of Wood Technology
...............................110
Figure
15.
The Norwegian Pulp and Paper Research Institute
......................110
APPENDIX II
Research funding in the forest sectors of Finland and Norway in
1993
Table
1.
The funding structures of ten major research institutes in the
Finnish forest sector in
1993.................................................................
Ill
Table
2.
The funding structures of seven major research institutes in
the Norwegian forest sector in
1993..................................................112
Table
3.
Funds allocated to forest sector research in Finland in
1991-93,
according to type of research organization and orientation of
research
....................................................................................................112
Table
4.
Funds allocated to forest sector research in Norway in
1991-93,
according to type of research organization and orientation of
research
....................................................................................................113
Table
5.
Funds allocated to forest sector research in Finland in
1991-93,
according to orientation of research and source of funds
...............113
Table
6.
Funds allocated to forest sector research in Norway in
1991-93,
according to orientation of research and source of funds
...............114
Table
7.
Research intensity in the forest sectors of Finland and Norway
in
1991-93................................................................................................114
viii Contents
APPENDIX
III
Funding of research organizations within the forest sectors of Fin¬
land and Norway (descriptions by interviewees)
List of interviewed specialists
.................................................................................115
1
FINLAND
................................................................................................................117
1.1
Universities
..........................................................................................................117
1.1.1
The University of Helsinki, Departments of Forest Ecology,
Forest Resource Management and Forest Economics
....................117
1.1.2
The University of Joensuu, Faculty of Forestry
...............................123
1.1.3
Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Forest
Products Technology
..............................................................................127
1.2
Public research institutes
...................................................................................131
1.2.1
The Finnish Forest Research Institute
................................................131
1.2.2
The Technical Research Centre of Finland, Research Area Wood
Technology ( Forest Products Laboratory )
.....................................137
1.3
Publicly sponsored private institutes
.............................................................142
1.3.1
The Foundation for Forest Tree Breeding in Finland
.....................142
1.3.2
The Work Efficiency Institute, Forestry Department and Forest
Experimental Station
..............................................................................146
1.4
Self-financed private institutes
........................................................................150
1.4.1 Metsäteho,
the R&D Department for Timber Procurement and
Production at the Finnish Forest Industries Federation
................150
1.4.2
The Finnish Pulp and Paper Research Institute
...............................153
1.5
International organizations
..............................................................................157
1.5.1
The European Forest Institute (EFI)
...................................................157
2
NORWAY
.................................................................................................................159
2.1
Universities
..........................................................................................................159
2.1.1
The Agricultural University of Norway, Department of Forest
Sciences
.....................................................................................................159
2.1.2
The Norwegian Institute of Technology, Department of Building
and Construction Engineering
............................................................164
2.2
Public research institutes
...................................................................................167
2.2.1
The Norwegian Forest Research Institute
.........................................167
2.2.2
The Norwegian Institute of Land Inventory
....................................174
2.3
Publicly sponsored private institutes
.............................................................178
2.3.1
The Norwegian Institute for Nature Research
.................................178
2.4
Self-financed private institutes
........................................................................183
2.4.1
The Norwegian Institute of Wood Technology
................................183
2.4.2
The Norwegian Pulp and Paper Research Institute
........................187
Contents ix
List of tables
Table
1.
Public expenditure in support of private forestry in some West-
European countries in
1990-1994.........................................................25
Table
2.
Research personnel in major forest sector research organizations
in Finland and Norway in
1993...........................................................81
List of figures
Figure
1.
The number of researchers in research organizations in the
forest sector by sector of performance in European countries
in
1983-1992................................................................................................7
Figure
2.
The science system
..................................................................................17
Figure
3.
The flow of funds from source to sector of performance in
forestry research in Europe
...................................................................18
Figure
4.
The types of research funding according to sector and profit
orientation of the financier
....................................................................19
Figure
5.
Science policy and theory
......................................................................20
Figure
6.
The funding structures of ten major research institutes in the
Finnish forest sector in
1993..................................................................38
Figure
7.
Funds allocated to various types of research institutes in
forestry, wood technology, and pulp and paper technology in
Finland in-
1991-93...................................................................................40
Figure
8.
Funds allocated to R&D in forestry, wood technology, and pulp
and paper technology by various sources of funding in Finland
in
1991-93..................................................................................................40
Figure
9.
The funding structures of seven major research institutes in the
Norwegian forest sector in
1993..........................................................56
Figure
10.
Funds allocated to various types of research institutes in
forestry, wood technology, and pulp and paper technology in
Norway in
1991-93..................................................................................58
Figure
11.
Funds allocated to R&D in forestry, wood technology, and pulp
and paper technology by various sources of funding in Norway
in
1991-93..................................................................................................58
Figure
12.
The shares of forestry, wood technology, and pulp and paper
technology in the funding of forest sector research in Finland
and Norway in
1991-93..........................................................................69
Figure
13.
The shares of various types of institutes in the funding of
research in forestry, wood technology, and pulp and paper
technology in Finland and Norway in
1991-93................................73
Figure
14.
The shares of various sources of funding of research in forestry,
wood technology, and pulp and paper technology in Finland
and Norway in
1991-93..........................................................................73
Figure
15.
The flow of research funds from source of funding to sector of
performance in the forest sectors in Finland and Norway
in
1991-93..................................................................................................76
Figure
16.
Research intensity (research expenditure/GDP) in the forest
sectors of Finland and Norway in
1991-93........................................79
|
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| genre | (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Konferenzschrift |
| geographic | Norja ysa Suomi ysa Norwegen (DE-588)4042640-3 gnd Finnland (DE-588)4017243-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Norja Suomi Norwegen Finnland |
| id | DE-604.BV019624976 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:01:36Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9529844093 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-012954264 |
| oclc_num | 58142607 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM |
| owner_facet | DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM |
| physical | IX, 189 S. Graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1995 |
| publishDateSearch | 1995 |
| publishDateSort | 1995 |
| publisher | European Forest Inst. |
| record_format | marc |
| series | European Forest Institute research report |
| series2 | European Forest Institute research report |
| spelling | Hellström, Eeva Verfasser aut Patterns and policies of research funding in the forest sector A comparative study between Finland and Norway Eeva Hellström 1. publ. Joensuu European Forest Inst. 1995 IX, 189 S. Graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier European Forest Institute research report 4 metsäala ysa metsäntutkimus ysa metsätalous ysa metsäteollisuus ysa rahoitus ysa tutkimus ysa tutkimuslaitokset ysa tutkimustoiminta ysa Forschungspolitik (DE-588)4125050-3 gnd rswk-swf Forstwirtschaft (DE-588)4017966-7 gnd rswk-swf Forstwissenschaft (DE-588)4155069-9 gnd rswk-swf Norja ysa Suomi ysa Norwegen (DE-588)4042640-3 gnd rswk-swf Finnland (DE-588)4017243-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift gnd-content Finnland (DE-588)4017243-0 g Norwegen (DE-588)4042640-3 g Forstwirtschaft (DE-588)4017966-7 s Forschungspolitik (DE-588)4125050-3 s DE-604 Forstwissenschaft (DE-588)4155069-9 s b DE-604 European Forest Institute research report 4 (DE-604)BV010277799 4 Digitalisierung TU Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=012954264&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Hellström, Eeva Patterns and policies of research funding in the forest sector A comparative study between Finland and Norway European Forest Institute research report metsäala ysa metsäntutkimus ysa metsätalous ysa metsäteollisuus ysa rahoitus ysa tutkimus ysa tutkimuslaitokset ysa tutkimustoiminta ysa Forschungspolitik (DE-588)4125050-3 gnd Forstwirtschaft (DE-588)4017966-7 gnd Forstwissenschaft (DE-588)4155069-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4125050-3 (DE-588)4017966-7 (DE-588)4155069-9 (DE-588)4042640-3 (DE-588)4017243-0 (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | Patterns and policies of research funding in the forest sector A comparative study between Finland and Norway |
| title_auth | Patterns and policies of research funding in the forest sector A comparative study between Finland and Norway |
| title_exact_search | Patterns and policies of research funding in the forest sector A comparative study between Finland and Norway |
| title_full | Patterns and policies of research funding in the forest sector A comparative study between Finland and Norway Eeva Hellström |
| title_fullStr | Patterns and policies of research funding in the forest sector A comparative study between Finland and Norway Eeva Hellström |
| title_full_unstemmed | Patterns and policies of research funding in the forest sector A comparative study between Finland and Norway Eeva Hellström |
| title_short | Patterns and policies of research funding in the forest sector |
| title_sort | patterns and policies of research funding in the forest sector a comparative study between finland and norway |
| title_sub | A comparative study between Finland and Norway |
| topic | metsäala ysa metsäntutkimus ysa metsätalous ysa metsäteollisuus ysa rahoitus ysa tutkimus ysa tutkimuslaitokset ysa tutkimustoiminta ysa Forschungspolitik (DE-588)4125050-3 gnd Forstwirtschaft (DE-588)4017966-7 gnd Forstwissenschaft (DE-588)4155069-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | metsäala metsäntutkimus metsätalous metsäteollisuus rahoitus tutkimus tutkimuslaitokset tutkimustoiminta Forschungspolitik Forstwirtschaft Forstwissenschaft Norja Suomi Norwegen Finnland Konferenzschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=012954264&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV010277799 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hellstromeeva patternsandpoliciesofresearchfundingintheforestsectoracomparativestudybetweenfinlandandnorway |