Rapeseed and canola oil: production, processing, properties and uses
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| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford
Blackwell Publ.
2004
Boca Raton [u.a.] CRC Pr. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XII, 222 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1405116250 0849323649 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Rapeseed and canola oil |b production, processing, properties and uses |c ed. by Frank D. Gunstone |
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford |b Blackwell Publ. |c 2004 | |
| 264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton [u.a.] |b CRC Pr. | |
| 300 | |a XII, 222 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Rapeseed and canola oil
Autor: Gunstone, Frank D.
Jahr: 2004
1.1 Oilseed rape in context
1.2 Major developments in variety types
1.3 Crop establishment
1.4 Fertiliser requirement
1.5 Crop protection
1.5.1 Crop protection - weeds
1.5.2 Crop protection - pests
1.5.3 Crop protection - diseases
1.6 Maturity and harvesting
1.7 Production and trade for oilseeds and oi
1.8 Rapeseed
.9 Rapeseed oil
Contents
Contributors x
Preface xi
1 Rapeseeds and rapeseed oil: agronomy, production, and trade 1
E.J. BOOTH and F.D. GUNSTONE
3
6
7
7
8
9
10
10
11
15
References 15
Extraction and refining 17
E.J. BOOTH
2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 Oil extraction steps 17
2.2.1 Pre-treatment 17
2.2.1.1 Seed cleaning 17
2.2.1.2 Tempering 18
2.2.1.3 Dehulling 19
2.2.1.4 Flaking 19
2.2.1.5 Conditioning 20
2.2.2 Mechanical extraction 21
2.2.2.1 Oil extraction based solely on mechanical methods 22
2.2.2.2 Oil settling and filtering 23
2.2.3 Solvent extraction 23
2.2.3.1 Solvent recovery 24
2.2.3.2 Desolventising - toasting 25
2.2.3.3 Alternative solvents for oil extraction 26
2.2.4 Composition of crude oil 26
2.3 Refining 27
2.3.1 Degumming 28
2.3.2 Physical refining 29
2.3.3 Alkali refining 29
3.1 Brief history of the development of rapeseed oils
3.2 Development of specialty types of rapeseed oils
3.3 Minor fatty acids
3.4 Triacylglycerols of rapeseed and canola oils
3.5 Minor lipid components
3.5.1 Sterols
3.5.2 Tocopherols
3.5.3 Carotenoids
3.5.4 Waxes
3.5.5 Polar lipids
3.6 Chlorophyll
3.7 Sulfur and sulfur-containing compounds
3.8 Minerals
3.9 Conclusions
References
Vi CONTENTS
2.3.4 Bleaching 30
2.3.5 Winterisation 31
2.3.6 Deodourisation 31
2.4 Biorefining - an alternative oilseed processing method 32
References 35
3 Chemical composition of canola and rapeseed oils 37
W.M.N. RATNAYAKE and J.K. DAUN
37
41
44
48
59
59
63
66
66
67
68
70
71
72
73
Chemical and physical properties of canola and rapeseed oil 79
DERICK ROUSSEAU
79
79
80
80
81
81
84
85
85
85
86
86
86
86
87
87
88
89
90
90
91
91
92
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Chemical properties
4.2.1 Saponification value
4.2.2 Iodine value
4.2.3 Oxidative stability
4.2.3.1 Mechanism
4.2.3.2 Susceptibility to oxidation
4.2.3.3 Peroxide value
4.2.3.4 Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test
4.2.3.5 ^-Anisidine
4.2.3.6 Conjugated dienes
4.2.3.7 Chromatography
4.2.3.8 Electron-spin resonance
4.2.3.9 Sensory analysis
4.3 Physical properties
4.3.1 Relative density
4.3.2 Viscosity
4.3.3 Surface and interfacial tension
4.3.4 Refractive index
4.3.5 Specific heat: heat of fusion or crystallisation
4.3.6 Heat of combustion
4.3.7 Smoke, flash and fire point
4.3.8 Solubility
CONTENTS vii
4.3.9 Cold test 92
4.3.10 Spectroscopic properties 92
4.3.11 Melting behaviour, polymorphism and crystal structure 93
4.3.11.1 Unsaturation level 93
4.3.11.2 Acyl chain length 94
4.3.11.3 Fatty acid isomers 94
4.3.11.4 Positional distribution 94
4.4 Modification strategies 97
4.4.1 Hydrogenation 97
4.4.2 Interesterification 101
References 105
High erucic oil: its production and uses 111
C. TEMPLE-HEALD
5.1 Introduction 111
5.2 Crucifer oilseeds HI
5.2.1 Brassica napus (HERO) HI
5.2.1.1 HEAR agronomy 113
5.2.2 Crambe abyssinica 115
5.2.2.1 Crambe agronomy 115
5.2.3 Mustard rapeseed 116
5.3 Processing of HEAR oils 117
5.3.1 Batch processes 118
5.3.2 Continuous splitting processes 118
5.3.3 Other splitting processes 119
5.4 Downstream processing of the split HEAR fatty acids 120
5.4.1 Fractional distillation 120
5.4.2 Dry or melt crystallisation 121
5.5 Quality problems associated with processing HEAR oils 121
5.5.1 Downstream processing problems 122
5.6 Meal quality 122
5.7 Users and producers of erucic acid 124
5.8 Uses of erucic acid 126
5.9 Genetic modification of HEAR crops 128
5.10 Ideal crop for industrial users 129
References 129
Food uses and nutritional properties 131
BRUCE E. MCDONALD
6.1 Introduction 131
6.2 Food uses 132
6.2.1 Salad oils, salad dressings and mayonnaise 132
6.2.2 Margarine 132
6.2.3 Other uses 133
6.3 Nutritional properties 134
6.4 Dietary fat and cardiovascular disease 134
6.5 Effect of canola oil on plasma cholesterol and lipoproteins 135
6.5.1 Studies with normolipidemic subjects 135
6.5.2 Studies with hyperlipidemic subjects 137
Viii CONTENTS
6.5.3 Potential effect of phytosterols in canola oil on plasma cholesterol levels 140
6.5.4 Effect of canola oil intake on lipid peroxidation 140
6.5.5 Canola oil and thrombogenesis 142
6.5.6 Effect of canola oil on fatty acid composition of plasma and
platelet phospholipids 143
6.5.7 Effect of canola oil on clotting time and factors involved in clot formation 146
6.5.8 Canola oil and cardiac arrhythmia 147
6.6 The Lyon Diet Heart Study: the canola oil connection 147
6.7 Summary 149
References 149
7 Non-food uses 154
KERR WALKER
7.1 Introduction 154
7.2 Biodiesel 154
7.2.1 Biodiesel feedstocks 155
7.2.2 Production of biodiesel 158
7.2.3 Fuel characteristics 160
7.2.4 Emissions 160
7.2.5 Economics of biodiesel production 163
7.2.6 Biodiesel market opportunities 166
7.2.7 Biodiesel production in Europe 166
7.3 Lubricants 167
7.3.1 Hydraulic fluids 169
7.3.2 Future market potential 171
7.3.3 Greases 171
7.3.4 Mould release agents 172
7.3.5 Motor and gear oils 173
7.3.6 Metal working fluids 174
7.3.7 Chainsawoil 176
7.4 Surfactants 177
7.5 Paints and inks 179
7.6 Polymers 181
References 182
8 Potential and future prospects for rapeseed oil 186
CHRISTIAN MOLLERS
8.1 Introduction 186
8.2 Oil content and triacylglycerol structure 188
8.3 Modification of the Clg fatty acid composition 189
8.3.1 Development of rapeseed with modified linolenic acid (18:3) content 189
8.3.2 Development of rapeseed with an increased oleic acid (18:1) content 191
8.3.3 Development of high oleic acid/low linolenic acid oilseed rape 192
8.3.4 Development of high stearic acid (18:0) oilseed rape 193
8.4 Low saturated fatty acids 193
8.5 Medium and short chain fatty acids 194
8.6 Gamma linolenic acid 196
8.7 Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids 197
8.8 High erucic acid 198
CONTENTS ix
8.9 Miscellaneous unusual fatty acids 200
8.10 Minor bioactive constituents 202
8.10.1 Polar lipids 202
8.10.2 Tocopherols 203
8.10.3 Sterols 206
8.10.4 Carotenoids 208
8.10.5 Chlorophyll 210
8.11 Conclusions and outlook 211
References 212
List of acronyms 218
Index 220
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| spelling | Rapeseed and canola oil production, processing, properties and uses ed. by Frank D. Gunstone Oxford Blackwell Publ. 2004 Boca Raton [u.a.] CRC Pr. XII, 222 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Canola oil Rape oil Rapsöl (DE-588)4259393-1 gnd rswk-swf Rapsöl (DE-588)4259393-1 s DE-604 Gunstone, Frank D. Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=012915452&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Rapeseed and canola oil production, processing, properties and uses Canola oil Rape oil Rapsöl (DE-588)4259393-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4259393-1 |
| title | Rapeseed and canola oil production, processing, properties and uses |
| title_auth | Rapeseed and canola oil production, processing, properties and uses |
| title_exact_search | Rapeseed and canola oil production, processing, properties and uses |
| title_full | Rapeseed and canola oil production, processing, properties and uses ed. by Frank D. Gunstone |
| title_fullStr | Rapeseed and canola oil production, processing, properties and uses ed. by Frank D. Gunstone |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rapeseed and canola oil production, processing, properties and uses ed. by Frank D. Gunstone |
| title_short | Rapeseed and canola oil |
| title_sort | rapeseed and canola oil production processing properties and uses |
| title_sub | production, processing, properties and uses |
| topic | Canola oil Rape oil Rapsöl (DE-588)4259393-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Canola oil Rape oil Rapsöl |
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