The end of the Russian Imperial Army:
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| 100 | 1 | |a Wildman, Allan Kenyon |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The end of the Russian Imperial Army |
| 264 | 1 | |c 1980 | |
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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| 505 | 0 | |a The old Army and the soldiers' revolt <March-April 1917>.<br>Princeton/N.Y.: Princeton Univ. Pr. (1980). XXVI, 402 S. | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Weltkrieg 1914-18 |2 bsbaltswk | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Russische Armee |2 bsbaltswk | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Weltkrieg (1914-1918) | |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Xl
PREFACE
ХІІІ
ABBREVIATIONS OF SOURCE REFERENCES
ХХІІІ
I. TRADITION, CASTE, AND
MODERNIZATION
3
Jbp Army and the Autocracy. The Guards. The Officer
Class under Nicholas I. The Reforms of Miliutin. The
Academy of the General Staff. The Stagnation of the
1880s. The Kuropatkin Reforms. Professionalization and
Upward Mobility. The Soldier Recruits. The Conscription
Law of
1874.
The Volunteers. The All-Class Army. The
Soldier s Life. Discipline. The Social Cleavage. A Nation
in Arms ?
II. THE LEGACY OF DEFEAT
AND REVOLUTION
41
The Russo-Japanese War and Social Unrest. Social Impact
of Mobilization. Disorders. Politicization of the Army.
Soldiers Revolts. The Collapse of the Far Eastern Army.
The Siberian Republics. Soldiers Soviets. Radicalization of
the Officer Corps. The Lingering Unrest. Military Paralysis.
Recovery and Reform,
1909-1914.
Sukhomlino
v
and Poli¬
tics. The New Impasse. The Mismatch of Forces.
III. THE GREAT ORDEAL
75
The Rediscovery of Patriotism. Mobilization and the Sol-
dier-Muzhik. The Workers. August
1914.
The Ammunition
Crisis. Casualties and the Depletion of the Peacetime Army.
^Ąn__Army
Without Rifles. The Great Retreat. The Trauma.
The Wartime Army. Manpower. Revolt of the Rainiki. The
Nationalities. Front and Rear Distribution. The Crisis in
Morale. Letters Home. Rumors and the German Strangle¬
hold. Revolts at the Front.
IV. THE GREAT MUTINY
121
Collapse or Uprising? The Balance of Forces. Khabalov s
Plan. Police Machine Guns. The Strike Movement. The
First Day. February
24.
A Revolution in the Making. The
Fateful Order. The Garrison Defects. The Vyborg Side.
The Defending Forces. The Admiralty Redoubt. Post
Mortem. Soldier Psychology. Makeup of the Garrison.
vii
CONTENTS
V. THE FOUNDING OF SOLDIER POWER
159
The New Constellation of Power. The New Soldier Con¬
sciousness. The Rotten Triangle. The Duma s Dilemma.
Kerensky s Troops. The Soviet Call. The Military Commis¬
sion. The Duma Takes Over. The Suburban Garrisons Join
the Revolution. The Soviet s Neglect of the Soidiers. Rodzi-
anko s Order on Officers Return. The Second Soldiers Re¬
volt. Ultimatum to the Soviet. Order No. One. The New
Political Force. The March Settlement. The New Order in
the Barracks. The Soldiers Committees. Officers as Hostages.
VI. THE REVOLUTION AT THE FRONT
202
Nicholas s Departure and the
Ivanov
Expedition.
Stavka
and
and the Abdication. Unexpected Hitches. The Spreading
Unrest. The Abdication Announcement. Soldier Reactions.
Suspicions of Officers. Eyes on the Rear. Revolutionary
Celebrations. The Rupture in Military Order. Orders No.
One and Two. Guchkov s Order No.
114.
Incipient Chaos.
Desertions. Arrests of Officers. Crises Over the Oath. In¬
terregnum.
VIL
GENESIS OF THE SOLDIERS COMMITTEES
246
The Committees as a Problem. Obscure Beginnings. Connec¬
tion with Conflict Situations. The Duma Deputations and
Soviet Inactivity. The Representational Principle and the
Duma Intermediaries. Stavka s About-Face. Revolution from
Above. Pressures from Below. Accommodation. Orders and
Regulations on Committees. Misunderstandings and Con-
vk flicts. A New System of Military Order. Survey of the
Fronts. General Miller s Arrest. The Committees as a
Power.
VIII.
CRISIS AND REALIGNMENT WITH
THE SOVIETS
291
March Patriotism at the Front. Front versus Rear. Front
Deputations to
Petrograd.
The Press Campaign. The Work¬
ers and the Soviet React. Reconciliation with the Front.
Turnabout on War Aims. The Shift in Consciousness at the
Front. Front Congresses and Integration into the Soviet
Structure. Soviet Control over the Bourgeoisie.
IX. THE MOUNTING DISORDER AND
THE DESIRE FOR PEACE
332
The Resurgence of Unrest. Mass Resistance to Orders. De¬
clining Effectiveness of Committees. Deterioration of Disci¬
pline. Increasing Violence. Fraternization. The Easter Cam¬
paign. German Intelligence. The Bid for Total Armistice.
The Soviet s and Committees Response. Failure of the
■ ·
Џ
viu
CONTENTS
German
Plan. Desertion.
Deserter Colonies. Countermeas-
ureş.
Disorders on the Railroads. Release of the Over-
Forties for Fieldwork. The Turning Point and the Shaping
Crisis.
RECAPITULATION
373
REVIEW OF SOURCES
381
INDEX
387
IX
INDEX
(Italics in an entry indicate important bibliographical references
and are also used to indicate the most important references under
an entry, either a systematic discussion or important information.)
abdication,
xviii, 208, 210, 212-15;
manifestoes of,
212, 215;
recep¬
tion at front,
215-23, 226, 227,
287, 375, 385
Admiralty,
147, 152, 153, 158,
174, 206
agitation, agitators,
116-17, 118-19,
333-40, 342, 351-52, 372, 378;
German,
202, 216, 347-48, 356-
59, 366;
right-wing and anti-
Soviet,
284, 304, 306.
See also
revolutionary agitation and
propaganda
Aleksandrovich, Peter [pseud. P. A.
Dmitrievskii], 167n, 176n
Alekseev (pseud.),
217
Alekseev,
Adm.
E. L,
60
Alekseev, Gen.
M.
V. (Chief of
Staff,
1915-17,
Commander in
Chief, Mar.-May
1917), 23, 105,
126n,
254, 305, 335,
342n,
358,
359n,
365,
371n,
375, 376;
and
Petrograd
uprising,
203, 205-8;
and the abdication,
208-15, 218;
and Orders No. One and Two,
228n,
232;
and soldiers com¬
mittees,
258-65, 268, 278, 285
Alexander, Grand Duke, 5n
Alexandra, Tsarina,
98,
111,
113,
125
Allies,
73, 106, 108, 185, 299,
323, 358;
secret treaties with,
305, 311, 329, 330
All-Russian Conference of Soviets
(Mar. 29-Apr.
4, 1917), 313-15,
318, 319, 322, 323, 325, 376, 384
America,
87, 326, 358;
American
Revolution,
1
In
Andronikov, Prince
M. M.,
70
Antonov-Ovseenko, V.
Α., 62η
April Crisis,
326-29, 378
aristocracy, high nobility,
xvi, 7-8,
22, 181, 300
armies and fronts (north to south)
:
Northern Front,
85,
102n,
104,
110η,
111,
112, 116, 124, 125,
202, 204, 205, 208, 210, 211,
255-56, 257, 275, 336, 364;
Twelfth Army, 115n,
160, 216,
228,
254n,
257,
268n,
277-82,
296n,
313,
326n,
327,
342n, 344n,
346, 360;
Fifth Army,
227, 228,
254,
257n,
275, 321,
326n,
327,
348, 360;
First Army,
160, 275,
298-300, 312, 317,
326n,
328
Western Front,
93,
102n,
104,
111,
204, 207, 211, 237, 251,
259n,
264, 268, 269, 271, 272,
336, 341, 364, 384;
Tenth Army,
86, 214, 251, 252, 258, 276,
296n, 342n; Second Army, 109n,
214, 251, 258, 268, 276, 344;
Third Army,
86, 90, 214, 239-40,
258, 267-75, 276, 283, 340,
343n,
357,
359n
Southwestern Front, 83n,
93,
103, 116, 117, 203, 204, 205,
221, 223, 287, 300, 329;
Special
Army, 115n,
117,
204n,
250, 276,
277, 282-85, 313, 329, 366;
Eleventh Army,
216, 266, 276-77,
283, 330, 338, 343,
348n,
353;
387
INDEX
armies and fronts
(cont.)
Seventh Army,
225, 233, 256-58,
276, 283, 296, 300-320;
Eighth
Army,
242, 243, 250, 265-66,
277, 333, 341
Rumanian Front,
106, 218, 220,
264, 285-86, 295, 300, 329, 365,
385;
Ninth Army,
106, 216, 250,
285-89, 329, 338,
342n,
352,
359;
Sixth Army,
106, 286, 317;
Fourth Army,
106, 296, 337
Caucasus Front and Army,
210,
217, 251, 262-64, 295, 325, 345
armored cars,
124, 125,
127n,
157,
169, 187,
195n
Army, the Russian Imperial Army:
and the autocracy,
xvi, 3-Ю;
reforms of the 1870s (Miliutin
reforms),
13-17;
reforms of Kuro-
patkin,
19-21;
post-
1905
reforms,
65-74;
wartime army,
99-105
artillery,
22, 69, 73-74, 89, 153, 174,
357;
arsenals, factories,
144, 146,
154, 161, 223, 316, 318;
ar¬
tillerymen, 76n,
151, 277, 349,
350;
in combat,
83, 84, 90, 91,
106;
production,
18-19, 66, 73,
83-84;
schools,
12, 14, 124;
units,
5, 29, 50, 52, 105, 124,
150, 204, 223, 243
Austro-Hungarian Army, Austro-
Hungarian Front,
72, 82, 86, 88,
106, 216;
fraternization,
334,
347, 353, 354, 356, 358,
359n,
363
Avrich, Paul, 30n
Babkin, Capt.,
366
Babushkin, I. V.,
56
Balk, Gen. A. P.,
125, 126, 149
Baluev, Gen. P. S., 236n,
283
battles, offensives, major military
operations: Mukhden,
46, 84;
Tannenberg, 81, 82, 86;
Łódź,
82,
85;
storming of Carpathians,
86,
88-89;
Mackensen offensive,
89;
the Great Retreat,
74, 84, 86,
89-93, 94, 106, 110;
Brusilov
offensive,
95, 106, 318,
344n;
Nivelle
offensive,
119, 359;
Stokhod,
310, 311, 318,
334n;
Kerensky offensive,
363, 371
Baumeister, Lt., 357
Bažili,
N.
Α.,
261
Beletskii,
S. P.,
126η
Belíaev, Gen.
M.
Α., 110η,
125,
127η, 130η,
135, 149, 150, 152,
153, 195, 203, 206, 207
Beliakevich,
I. I.,
104
belobiletniki (exempted groups),
99,
102, 295
Berkevich,
А. В.,
78n
Beskrovnyi,
L. G.,
10η, 18η, 19η,
29n
Bezobrazov, A. M.,
41, 60
Biskupsku,
Gen., 317,
329η
Black Hundreds,
57, 70, 80
Bogdanov,
Α. Α.,
166,
167n, 176n,
303
Boldyrev, Gen. V. G.,
205,
212n,
218, 224, 226-27,
228n,
382
Bolotnikov (peasant rebel of early
17th century), 30n
Bolsheviks, Bolshevism,
xiv, xix, 50,
80, 104, 121, 161, 181,
194n,
303, 319,
331n,
337, 339,
340n,
355n,
372, 373, 379-80, 382, 384;
in
1905, 49, 54, 61;
in the
February uprising,
122, 129, 145-
46, 167, 184, 196;
military
organizations,
44, 61-62;
soldier-
Bolsheviks in
Petrograd, 174,
184,
193n, 195n; at the front,
92,
279-81, 298, 301, 321, 325,
329n,
342n,
352, 353, 363, 372;
so-
called Bolsheviks,
367, 372
Bonch-Bruevich, Gen.
M. D.,
68,
272, 227,
228n
Borisov
(soldier-activist in
Petro¬
grad), 184
bourgeoisie, middle classes, mesh-
chane, merchants,
20, 22-24, 30,
37, 43, 76, 101, 102, 122, 164,
303, 311;
the bourgeoisie, used
pejoratively by Soviet-oriented
elements,
172, 190, 297, 302, 308,
312, 315, 319, 320, 324, 325,
328, 376, 378;
bourgeois gov¬
ernment, 176n,
178, 320;
388
INDEX
bourgeois
press,
293, 305, 315-
18, 336, 355;
burzhuis,
used by
ordinary soldiers and agitators,
xvii, 109, 110, 300, 306, 318, 326,
330
Boxer Rebellion,
44
Boyd, John, 182n, 188n
Boyen, Gen.
Hermann
von, 39n
Breshko-Breshkovskaia,
Ε. Κ., 76η
Brusilov, Gen.
Α. Α.,
7,
41n, 71n,
85, 87, 90,
91n,
116, 117, 225,
226n,
234,
236n,
317, 367, 382;
and abdication,
205-8, 213;
and
committees,
263, 264, 27
In,
276,
285, 287
Bublikov,
А. В.,
170, 171, 174, 176;
Bublikov s telegram,
207, 210
Bubnov,
Adm.
Aleksander,
126η
Budberg,
Gen. Baron
A. P.,
149,
230η,
385
Bundists,
166η, 167η,
178, 313
Burdzhalov,
Ε. Ν., 123η, 124η,
130η, 134η, 144η, 146η, 160η,
165η, 166η, 167η, 176η,
180,
181η, 183η, 184η,
196,
218η,
381
bureaucracy, bureaucrats, official¬
dom,
xvii, 3, 4,
5n,
36, 37, 77,
78, 79, 122, 147, 157
Burtsev, Vladimir,
128
casualties,
84-87, 89, 95-96, 100,
106,
117η,
118, 120, 364;
evacu¬
ated and recovering wounded,
93,
94, 125, 129, 137
Caucasus, Caucasus peoples,
103,
212, 228
cavalry,
5, 15, 18, 22, 67, 124, 130,
134, 211, 218,
359n; cavalry
schools,
7, 14, 15
censorship,
xviii, 107-9, 112,
114n,
210
Central Powers,
64, 74,
89n, 95n,
305, 313, 356, 358
Chaadaeva,
Ο. Α., 107η
Chaikovskii,
Ν. Κ., 76η
Challener, Richard, 39n
Chamberlin, W. H.,
xx,
121η, 208η,
247
η, 326η
Chebykin,
Gen., 126, 127, 148, 149
Chemodanov,
G. N.,
112η, 117η,
220η, 275η, 277η, 279η,
382
Chkheídze,
Ν.
S.,
162, 166,
167η,
168, 175,
176η,
178, 186, 188,
261, 296, 303, 321, 360
command structure, command
authority, chain of command,
xvii, xviii, 3, 71, 90, 203, 204,
218, 236, 239, 246, 248, 251,
253 265, 291, 324, 333, 334, 336,
339, 342, 354, 362, 372, 373,
378, 379
conscription law of
1874, xvi, 25-26
Constantinople,
318, 337
constituent assembly,
55, 59, 213,
214, 215, 255, 256, 264, 296,
297, 299
Cossacks,
23, 48, 55, 94, 101, 114,
138, 217, 277;
of the guards,
5, 15;
in the
Petrograd
uprising,
124, 126, 129, 132-35
Council of Ministers, of the tsar,
65,
111,
149, 152
Council on State Defense,
64, 66
Craig, Gordon, 39n
Crimean War,
11, 12, 25
Curtiss, John Shelton, 12n, 16n, 32n
Cyril, Grand Duke,
150,
174n
Danilchenko, Col. P, U.,
127,
137n,
150
Danilevskii,
Lt., 58
Danilov, Gen. D.
Α.,
238-39, 326
Danilov, Gen. Iu.
N.
(Quarter¬
master General,
1914-15), 41,
65n,
67, 69, 7
In,
77,
79n,
83n, 85n, 86n,
87
Decembrists, Decembrist affair,
11
Declaration of the Rights of Sol¬
diers,
270, 305
defensism, prowar sentiment, 76n,
167, 178, 261,
265n,
303, 304,
315, 322, 362, 372;
front de¬
fensism,
247, 248, 276, 291, 294-
95, 297-99, 311-12, 314-15, 320,
323, 327, 329, 331, 332;
March
defensism,
197, 257, 295, 297,
307, 323, 348, 377;
revolutionary
389
INDEX
defensism {cont.)
defensism,
248, 313-14, 320, 352,
360-61, 377
Delo
Naroda,
296η, 312η
Demidov,
I. P.,
256-58
democratic republic,
59, 220
Denikin, Gen. A. I. (military au¬
thority; Chief of Staff, Mar.-May
1917),
17n,
22,
41n,
60,
61n,
85,
87,
91n,
218;
on the Old Army,
13, 19-23, 32-35;
on the reform
period, 65n, 70n, 71n; on
1917,
218n,
219-20, 230,
265n,
342,
346, 382
deserters, desertion,
36, 46, 87, 93,
114, 115, 157, 234-36, 252, 299,
332, 336, 362-70, 372
Deutscher,
Isaac,
xiv
Devlin, Robert,
xx
discipline and punishment,
49, 136,
155, 198, 245, 332;
in the Old
Army,
25, 33-34, 107;
principle of
discipline,
33, 117, 118, 125, 156,
185, 187, 224-25, 228, 253, 256,
261, 262, 336;
disciplinary powers
of officers, 49n,
50, 58, 198, 203,
271;
disciplinary courts,
198, 245,
271;
military courts, courts-
martial,
33,
36n,
52, 55, 56-57,
88, 115,
117n,
118, 137, 211;
abusiveness,
23, 24, 94;
beating,
33-34, 107;
death sentence,
55, 56,
88, 115,
117n,
137, 282;
putting
under arms,
33, 107
disorders, miltary crimes,
xvii, 46-
47,
49n,
60-64, 71, 79-80, 88,
93, 97, 114, 210, 226, 252, 362,
370, 384-85;
arrests of officers,
171n,
192, 194, 195, 198, 211,
227, 234, 236-44, 250, 255, 260,
273-74, 288-89, 333, 340,
342n,
344, 345, 352, 375, 384-85;
lynchings,
143, 161, 192-95, 211,
212, 234, 252, 282, 346;
mass
disobedience,
252, 332, 333, 334,
341, 343, 384;
mutinies (other
than
Petrograd), 49-52, 55-58,
62-64, 115-19, 212, 341-42, 372,
375;
red ribbon incidents,
223-25,
227, 236, 242, 254, 352;
self-
wounding,
36-37, 87, 88, 115,
363;
violence and abuse,
192-95,
252, 332, 340, 341, 346, 375
Diubua,
Α. Ε., 254η
Dno,
181, 183, 186
Dragomirov, Gen. A. M. (com¬
mander of the Fifth Army),
227,
254, 276, 327, 334-35, 359, 376
Dragomirov,
Gen. M.
I. (chief of
General Staff Academy and Kiev
Military District; military au¬
thority in late 19th century),
17-19, 35, 64, 67, 68
dual authority, xviii-xx,
190-92, 203,
246, 257, 292, 304, 310, 373, 377
Dubenskii, Gen. D. N.,
203
Dubrovin, A. I.,
70
Dukhonin, Gen.
Ν. Ν., 347η
Duma, State,
63, 66, 8
In,
96, 102,
220, 303, 321, 334;
and military
reform,
69-70, 125, 138, 149;
opposition during war,
94, 97-98,
107, 110-13, 123;
Temporary
Committee of,
151-52, 162-92;
negotiations with
Stavka
over
abdication,
205-9, 214;
visits of
deputies to the front,
xxi, 254-58,
262, 263, 267,
268n,
332
Dvinsk,
95, 160, 211, 223, 227, 228,
254,
257n,
258
Ebelov,
Gen., 210
Efremov, I. N.,
163, 170
Elizabeth, Grand Duchess,
94,
111
England,
38, 326, 347, 348, 349;
British Army,
38
Erlich, Genrikh, 167n
Estonia, Estonians,
103,
160n
Evert (Ewarth), Gen.
Α., 11η, 82η,
207, 214
Fedorov, Dr.
M. M.,
203-4
Fedotov, P., 276n,
298, 328
Ferro,
Marc,
12
In, 247n,
380
Field, Daniel,
30
Fillipovskii, V.,
169, 170, 172
Filonenko,
F. D.,
255-56
Finland, 160n,
170
390
INDEX
First World
War, the Great War,
xv-xvii,
11, 22, 28, 42, 74,
75-76, 77-120
passim,
347
Fischer, Fritz, 72n
Fomin, Col. B. V.,
150-51, 195-96,
199
forms of address ( Mister Lieu¬
tenant, Your Excellency,
Vy, /y ),
xviii, 28, 35, 49,
187-88, 227, 230, 233, 237,
251n
France, lln; French Army, 30n,
38-39, 72, 119;
French Revolu¬
tion, lln,
38
fraternization,
289, 332, 334, 336,
346-62, 368, 372, 378, 381, 385
Fredericks Count V. B. (Minister of
Court to Nicholas II),
93,
111,
117
Frenkin, M. S.,
381
the front,
xvii, 87, 99, 106, 107,
108, 110, 112, 120, 137, 148,
156, 157, 171, 202, 228, 230, 233,
236, 245, 246, 252, 254, 255,
256, 258, 260, 261, 289, 291, 358,
364, 374, 376;
Eastern Front,
68n,
8
In,
358;
front delegations,
294-302, 309, 311;
hostility to
rear,
299-96, 299, 302, 309,
311-12, 315;
Western Front,
359.
See also armies and fronts
Frunze, M. V., 342n
Gafner, Col.,
236-40, 386
Galicia,
82, 88, 89, 91, 94, 99, 216,
222, 228, 265, 300, 337, 357
garrisons, rear formations,
30, 193,
223, 235, 255;
arrests of com¬
mandants,
211, 212;
role in Revo¬
lution,
xviii, 160, 188, 254, 315;
size and makeup, 86n,
95, 104-5,
124, 160; Petrograd, 124n, 129,
173, 187, 188, 190, 202, 207,
218, 228;
Moscow,
207, 226;
Dvinsk,
160, 227;
Kronshtadt,
160, 207;
Luga,
204, 211;
Oranienbaum,
160, 173-74;
Reval,
160η;
Riga,
160;
Tsarskoe
Selo,
124, 173, 174;
other local,
160,
211, 250, 259, 281
Garvi, P.
Α.,
44,
52n
Gavrilov, L.
Μ.,
99n,
381
Gegechkori (Menshevik Duma
deputy),
325
Gemmp, Col.
F. G.
Freiherr von,
115η,
347,
357η
general staff, the General Staff,
71,
72, 83, 84, 99,
111,
172;
Academy,
vi, 16, 17-19, 21-22, 39, 68-69,
70, 144, 145;
Administration,
16-17, 70, 149, 206, 229;
Chief of,
17, 65, 66, 69, 70 ,
corporation,
status,
16-17, 21, 24, 68;
sections
of, military planning function,
16,
41, 45, 66, 67-68, 69, 70;
Young
Turks,
68-69
Gering, Aleksei, 382
Germany, German Empire,
39, 41,
66, 136, 148, 305, 307;
German
Army, 30n,
72-74, 90, 106, 352,
354, 355;
losses on the lower
Vistula,
85, 96;
General Staff,
17,
72,
115η, 347η, 355η,
361;
Germans as enemy,
77, 79, 81-82,
86, 93, 221, 222, 231, 252, 257,
314, 333, 334, 345, 354, 355;
intelligence, spies, agents, parla-
mentory,
xvii,
111, 115n,
225,
304, 347-48, 352, 356-60, 366;
internal German,
xvii, 71, 81-82,
92-93, 110-13, 117, 125, 156, 225,
238-39, 252, 278, 289, 291,
35On;
German language, 109n,
351
Gerngross,
Gen., 23, 70
Gerua, Gen. B. V.,
7,
9n, 17n,
24,
70, 87, 9
In,
145η, 283η, 284η,
382
Girardet,
Raoul, 39n
Gneisenau, August, Graf Neithardt
von, 38
Goerlitz, Walter, 72n
Gol tgoer,
Gen., 225, 244,
250n
Gorbatovskii, Gen. V. N.,
214
Gordienko, I.,
732/1,
138n
Golitsyn, Prince
N.
D.,
149, 162,
205
Golovin, Gen.
N. N.
(military
authority; instructor at General
Staff Academy),
27, 29, 68,
73n,
391
INDEX
Golovin, Gen.
N. N.
(cont.)
79η, 82η, 86η, 87η, 89η, 93η,
95,
96η, 97η, 99η, 100η, 102η,
105,
106η, 137η,
233, 363-64, 382
Grazkin,
D.
I.,
382
Grinevich,
K. S.,
167
Grónsku,
P. P.,
256-58
Guards, the Imperial,
19, 22, 63, 85,
300;
institution,
3-10, 70;
officers
of,
7-9;
cavalry units,
126, 151,
161, 192;
divisions,
85, 250, 283;
reserve battalions in February
uprising, 124n,
125-158
passim
Guards regiments (including reserve
battalions thereof)
: 5, 28, 63, 85,
203;
Egerskii,
244;
Finländska,
134, 149,
221n,
243-44, 249,
284-85, 317, 345, 353;
Grena¬
diers,
85, 145, 148, 177, 197, 317-
18;
Izmailovskii,
127, 149, 151,
152, 195-97, 317, 353;
Litovskii,
143-44;
Moskovski,
132, 146, 147,
156, 194, 244;
Pavlovskii,
139,
142, 156,
204n,
221, 244-45, 249;
Preobrazhenskii,
63, 142, 145,
148, 149, 151, 162, 171, 177, 190,
198,
204n,
244;
Sappers,
192;
Semenovskii,
11, 53, 85;
Volyn-
skii,
133-34, 139, 142-44, 147
Guchkov, A. I. (War Minister of
Provisional Government, Mar.-
May
1917),
111, 126n,
214, 219,
228,
229n, 243n,
288, 301, 335,
365n,
366, 370, 375;
during crisis
of power,
190;
and abdication,
209-10;
and Order No. One,
229n,
232-34;
Order No.
114,
237;
and committees,
254, 260,
263, 265, 277-78
Gurko, Gen. I. V.,
17, 64
Gurko, Gen. V. I. (Gourko, Basil)
(commander of Western Front,
Mar.-May
1917), 69, 105, 126,
275, 283, 284,
314n,
322, 324,
325, 363, 382
Gurko, Vladimir,
77, 79
Gvozdev,
Κ. Α.,
166,
167n, 176n,
261, 303, 311-12
Haimson, Leopold,
xv
Helsingfors
(Helsinki),
160, 209,
210, 212, 226, 253,
254n, 259n
Hoffmann, Gen. Max, 348n
Iakupov,
Ν. Μ., 99η, 103η, 105η,
160n
Ianushkevich, Gen.
N. N.
(Chief
of General Staff,
1912-14;
Chief
of Staff at front,
1914-15), 69, 70
Ianushkevich,
N.
O., report of Duma
deputies Ianushkevich and Filo-
nenko,
255-56
Iaroslavskii,
Ε. Μ., 63η
Ignat ev, Gen.
Α. Α.,
7
η,
33
inflation, food shortage, economic
hardship,
108-10, 114, 119, 122,
122, 131, 132
intelligentsia, intellectuals, educated
elements: educated or cultured
layers,
xvii, 13, 28, 42, 75-76,
102-3, 122, 281, 320, 374;
radical
or left intelligentsia,
xiii, xvii, xix,
28-29, 42, 43, 51, 75-76, 106-7,
112, 132, 159, 166, 193, 313-14,
325, 327, 374, 377-78;
intellec¬
tuals in uniform,
xix, 29, 43,
48, 60, 101, 106-7, 193, 248, 301,
320, 329, 337, 351-52, 377;
students,
xix, 43, 106, 112, 132,
159, 200, 248
Iskosol, Iskomof,
277, 279
Iudenich, Gen.
N. N.
(Chief of
Staff of Caucasus Front,
1915-17;
front chief in
1917), 262, 325
Ivanov, Gen.
N.
I., lln,
57, 71, 73;
Ivanov
expedition,
174,
192n,
203-
7,
305n
Izvestiia: of the
Petrograd
Soviet
(IzPS),
175, 176, 183, 186, 188,
191, 212, 228,
231n,
240,
241n,
270,
276n,
295,
296n,
298,
300n,
305,
306n,
309, 312, 317, 367;
of the
Petrograd
journalists
(izZh), 164n,
177,
179n; of the
Special Army (IzOA),
224,
283n,
284n,
329, 369;
of the Fifth
Army, 276n, 327n; of the Eighth
392
INDEX
Army,
277η, 371η;
of the Ninth
Army,
329
Jews, Jewish nationality,
91,
102n,
103,
109n; anti-Semitism,
109ιϊ,
194n,
200, 304;
Jews in the Army,
248,
327n
Jomini,
Antoine
Henri,
16
junkers,
12-13, 28, 101, 226;
schools
for,
13-15, 20-22
Kadets (Constitutional Democratic
Party),
76,
97n, 112n,
163, 188,
247, 313, 324, 325, 327
Kaiurov, V.,
130, 139, 196
Kaledin, Gen. A. M.,
265-66, 277
Kal nitskii, la.,
217, 382
Kapustin,
Μ. Ι., 279η
Katkov, George, 92n, 128n,
154-55,
208n,
375-76
Kazbek,
Gen., 57,
58n
Keep, John L. H.,
xiv,
52n
Keller, Gen. Count
F., 218, 219
Kenez, Peter,
20, 2
In,
22, 29,
100-101
Kerensky, Alexander (Minister of
Justice, War Minister, and Min¬
ister President in Provisional
Government,
1917), xix,
60n,
80,
163η, 213η, 229η,
301, 367, 382;
during crisis of power,
162-78,
191, 253, 254;
as War Minister,
xix, 248, 331,
342n,
362, 372
Kersnovskii, A. A. (military his^
torian),
10η, 13η, 16η, 17η, 18η,
25n, 64n, 65n, 70n,
85,
86n,
91n, 106n
Khabalov, Gen.
S. S.
(chief of
Petrograd
Military District during
February uprising),
125-36, 147-
53, 170, 172, 179, 203, 206
Khamin, la.,
104
Khan-Nakhichevanskii, Gen., 218
Khodorov,
361
Kholshchevnikov, Gen. I. V.,
57, 58
Khristofobov, Col.,
225
Khvostov, A. A. (Minister of
Justice and Interior,
1916),
111
Kiev,
94, 223, 235, 283, 333, 366,
368
Kirkgof, Col.
F., 227
η
Kirpichnikov,
T.,
133, 134, 139, 142-
43, 157, 304
Klembovskii, Gen. V.
Ν., 110η,
210
Klimov, Col.,
239-40
Klimovich, G., 244n, 250n
Kliuchevskii,
V. O. (pre-
1917
historian), 4n
Klivanskii, S.
Α.,
184-85
Klodt, Baron P.,
229, 244,
250n
Knorin, V. G.,
230
Knox, Gen. Alfred,
60,
79n,
8
In,
91η, 99η, 348η, 350η
Kochakov,
Β. Μ., 124η
Kokovikhin,
M. N.,
382
Kolchak,
Adm.
A. V. (commander
of Black Sea Fleet),
234,
259n
Kondzerovskii, Gen. P.
Κ., 227η
Kornilov, Gen. Lavr, 277n,
342,
367;
Kornilov affair,
xviii, 346,
373, 379;
Kornilovism,
213, 219,
302
Kostiushko-Valiuzhovich,
Α. Α.,
56
Krasnoe
Selo,
6, 63, 124
Krasnov, Gen. P. N.,
6, 8, 100
Kronshtadt,
50, 54, 71, 124, 160,
209, 253,
254n,
339, 380
Kropotkin, Prince Peter, 76n
Krylenko, Lt.
N.
V., 62n,
353, 363
Krymov,
Gen. A. M.,
11
In,
219
Kuchin, Lt.
G. D.,
277, 314, 360
Kudriavtsev, Iu.
Α.,
184, 188
Kulebiakin, Gen.
Β. Μ., 226η
Kurnatovskii, V. K.,
56
Kuropatkin, Gen. A.
N.
(War Min¬
ister,
1898-1904;
Commander in
Chief of Far Eastern Army,
1904), 20, 60, 67, 71;
as War
Minister,
19-20, 40;
as Com¬
mander in Chief,
45-47;
as
commander of First Army,
53
Kutepov, Col. A. P.,
148, 149, 156
Kuzmin, Praporshchik
Α.,
56, 60
Kvetsinskii, Gen.
M. F.
(chief of
staff of Western Front, later
393
INDEX
Kvetsinskii,
Gen.
M.
F.
(cont.)
commander
of Third Army,
1917), 207, 209,
233n,
261
land, land question, peasants desire
for land,
xviii, 64, 79, 109, 222,
223, 235, 244-45, 323, 347, 366,
368, 371, 372, 378
Lande
(veterinarian-agitator, later
committeeman, in
XXVI
Corps),
287-88
Latvia, Latvians,
104;
Latvian rifle
brigades,
104, 227, 279
Lechitskii, Gen. P.
Α.,
21, 285, 287,
288, 289,
335n,
338, 342, 343
Leer, Gen. G.
A. (Professor of
Strategy at General Staff
Academy),
19, 68
Lenin, V. I.,
xiv,
121n,
302, 338,
339;
Leninism, Leninists,
338, 361
Leopold
von Bayern,
Prince,
356,
359
Lesh,
Gen. L.
P.,
214, 270, 283
Levandovskii, Lt. Col.,
59
Liadov,
Μ. Ν., 62η
Liberation Movement
(1902-1905),
43, 59
Lieber,
M. L,
313
Linevich,
Gen. N.
P. (Commander
in Chief of Far Eastern Army,
1905), 53, 57
Liteinyi Prospect, Liteinyi District,
130, 131, 144, 145, 152
Lithuania, Lithuanians,
89, 104
Littauer, Capt. Vladimir,
xxii,
86n,
211n, 327n,
382
Liubitskii, Gen. la. la.,
342, 346
Lobanov-Rostovsky, Prince
Α.,
xxii, 28, 33, 88,
91n,
200-201, 382
Lomonosov, Iu. V-, 204n
Luga,
204n,
211,
254n
Lugin,
N.
See Stepun,
Fedor
Lukash,
Ι., 142η, 144η, 149η,
151,
155n
Lukhomskii, Gen. A. S.,
67, 69,
135n,
206, 207,
229n,
235, 338,
340, 382
Lvov , Prince G. E. (Minister
President of Provisional Govern¬
ment),
205, 212, 216, 218,
219n,
220,
268n,
301
machine guns,
19,
58n,
59, 66, 117,
124, 127-29, 139, 147, 150,
158n,
173, 179, 184, 204, 243
Makhrov, Col. P.,
216, 217, 220,
226n, 257n,
281-82, 368, 385
Manikovskii, Gen.
Α. Α.,
74,
83n,
87n
Mannerheim, Gen.
Baron Carl
Gustav, 219
Marine Guards Equipage,
126,
138n,
144, 150, 151, 158, 169, 174
Martynov, Gen.
Ε. Ι., 123η, 128η,
234n
Maslovskii, S. D. [pseud. S.
Mstislavskii], 144n,
144-45;
on
Military Commission,
168-72
Matveev, F. P., 307n, 309n
Mazour,
Anatole, lin
Medvedkov, Col.,
236
Melgunov, S. P., llln, 126n,
128,
208n
Meller-Zakomelskii, Gen., 56
Mensheviks, Menshevism,
80, 122,
184, 193, 254, 308, 319, 325;
military organizations in
1905, 44,
50, 54;
Defensists,
178;
Inter¬
nationalists,
129, 167;
in the
Soviet leadership,
166-67, 175,
178, 186, 314, 321-25, 360-62;
at
the front,
248, 277, 300-301,
314, 325, 327,
329n
Menzhinskii, V. P., 62n
Messner,
Col.
Ε. Ε.,
221
Mezhraiontsy,
122, 129, 167, 168,
181, 190, 321
Miasoedov,
Col. S. N.,
62, 91-92,
92n,
110, 310
Michael Aleksandrovich, Grand
Duke,
151, 164, 205;
and
abdication,
209-15, 218, 239
Mikhailov (probably D. P. Mik-
hailov), 340n,
341-42, 372
Military Commission (of the State
Duma),
727«, 304, 317;
conflict
between Duma and Soviet over
394
INDEX
sponsorship,
168-76;
role in up¬
rising,
179, 184-90, 195-96, 231-32
military districts,
17, 21, 26, 69,
71-72, 100;
Far East,
47;
Kazan,
71;
Kiev,
17, 18, 64, 67, 71,
103;
Moscow,
71, 361;
Odessa,
103, 210; Petrograd, 125-26,
161n,
187, 367;
St. Petersburg,
63, 65;
Siberia,
47;
Warsaw,
17, 64, 71
military schools: cadet corps
schools,
12-14;
Corps of Pages,
7,
14, 300;
cavalry, engineering,
artillery,
7, 12, 15;
junker schools,
xvi, 14-15, 20-21, 24;
profes¬
sional military schools,
7, 13-14,
100;
wartime schools for prapor-
shchiki,
101, 107.
See also general
staff, Academy
Miliukov, P. N.,
76, 110, 191
n,
213n,
219, 324, 376, 382;
role in
crisis of power,
163-64, 170-71,
177, 181;
formation of Provisional
Government,
191-92;
foreign
policy,
303, 318, 319, 328;
note
to Allies,
328, 330
Miliutin, Dmitrii (War Minister
under Alexander II),
13, 38;
reforms of 1870s,
xvi, 13-17, 21,
25-26, 36
Miller,
Gen. E. K.,
216, 219, 228,
229n,
287-89, 294-95, 340, 348-
52, 385
Miller, Forrest
Α.,
13
η, 15η, 25η
Miller, V. I.,
xx,
183η, 184η, 193η,
247,
254η, 259η, 260η, 264η,
265η, 268η, 276η, 277η,
283,
322η, 325η, 326η, 330η, 342η,
381
Minsk,
211, 223, 258, 321, 367
Mints, I. L,
78η, 80η, 123η
Mishchenko, Gen., 58
Mitrofanov, Lt.
О. Р.,
244η, 249η,
283-84, 353, 366, 382
mobilizaton: plans,
26-27, 66, 72-
73;
Russo-Japanese War,
xvii,
43, 45-46, 47;
First World War,
78-80, 82, 87;
manpower,
26,
72-73, 86, 95-96, 98-99, 104-5
modernization,
xv, xvi,
5n,
9, 39-40,
41n,
66, 72-74, 374
Moroccan Crisis of
1911, 72
Moscow,
31, 50, 94, 115, 209, 226,
253, 366
Mosolov, Gen.
Α. Α.,
218
Mstislavskii, S. See
Maslovskii, S. D.
Myshlaevskii, Gen. A. Z.,
70
Nadarov,
Gen., 54, 59,
60n
Narva Gate,
146, 173, 195
nationalities, national minorities,
xix, 103-4;
self-determination of
peoples,
305, 326, 330
nations in arms,
xv, 27, 38-40, 41
Navy, Russian, 2O7n,
210;
Baltic
Fleet,
xv, 160-61, 207, 212, 234,
259, 375, 380;
Black Sea Fleet,
xv, 234, 259,
265n
Nekrasov,
N.
V.,
163, 169
Nemchinov, V. S.,
702«
Nepenin,
Adm.
Α.,
207-8, 210, 212,
214
Nevskii Prospect,
97, 131, 132, 135,
139, 140
Nicholas, Grand Duke (Commander
in Chief,
1914-15), 65, 66, 67,
69, 71,
83n, 232n; framer of
military policy,
1905-09, 65-71;
Commander in Chief, 83n, 111,
117;
during abdication crisis,
206,
208, 210, 212;
appointment and
removal as Commander in Chief
by Provisional Government,
212,
216, 220
Nicholas II,
5, 9, 31, 64, 71, 227,
289, 349, 375;
as Commander in
Chief,
95,
111; and the
Petrograd
uprising,
126, 136, 162, 164,
174, 181;
abdication,
204-18
Nikolaevskii Station,
97, 173
nobility: landed nobility, pome-
shchiki, barins,
xvi, xvii, 3, 6,
12, 34, 37, 38, 43, 59, 76, 102,
113, 184, 235, 245, 302, 366,
378;
noble status,
12, 15, 20-23,
101;
personal nobility, nobles,
12, 15,
23n. See also aristocracy,
high nobility
noncommissioned officers: sergeants,
xix, 6, 20, 28,
50n, 33n,
34, 46,
395
INDEX
noncommissioned officers
(cont.)
68, 101, 105, 107, 143, 155, 156,
240, 247, 248, 304, 337, 357;
training companies (for NCOs),
125, 129, 137, 142, 156-57
Obruchev, Gen.
N. N.
(Chief of
General Staff Administration
under Alexander III),
17, 19
Octobrists, Octobrist party,
69, 76,
172
Odessa,
115, 223, 366, 367, 368
officers,
xix, 40, 42, 48, 54, 88-89,
111-12, 121, 176, 179, 304;
of the Guards,
5-9;
in the Old
Army,
xvi, 12-16, 20-24, 34;
of the general staff,
16-17, 21-22,
24, 68-69;
liberalism in
1905,
58-60;
wartime officers,
100-101,
105-7;
and the abdication,
219-25;
authority of,
183-88, 233-34, 260,
270-71, 336, 375;
conflicts, rela¬
tions with soldiers,
59, 182,
184, 187-201, 212, 220-25, 236-
45, 246-56, 264, 270-71, 293, 297,
302, 306, 332, 339, 344;
deputies
to
soviets,
committees, confer¬
ences, and congresses,
262, 263,
269, 273, 277-78, 283, 294, 295,
300, 306, 321-22, 324, 326;
organizations,
58, 261, 304.
See
also disorders, military crimes
Ogorodnikov,
Lt. Gen., 118-20
Okhrana (secret police),
57, 61,
111,
113, 122, 125, 135, 138, 384
Okopnaia
Pravda,
Τ19τ .,
339, 383
Ol minskii,
M. S., 62n
Oranienbaum,
160, 170, 174, 195
Order No. One (of the
Petrograd
Soviet),
xv, 3, 49, 177, 224, 240,
249,
251η,
252, 253, 255, 257,
258,
268η,
281, 292, 295, 301,
309, 318, 322, 384-85;
genesis of
182-90;
text,
187-88;
immediate
consequences,
191-98;
rapid
circulation at front,
212, 228-31;
clarification through Order No.
Two,
231-34
Order No.
51
(Stavka s regulations
on committees),
265, 269, 276,
288
Order No.
114
and Order No.
115
(of War Minister Guchkov),
233-
34, 237, 241,
251n,
252, 256,
260, 265, 272, 285, 287, 292,
298, 332
Order No.
213
(War Ministry regu¬
lations on committees),
265, 270
Order No.
2137
(Gen. Alekseev s
authorization of committees),
261-64, 285
Oskin, D.,
77, 88, 90, 94, 101, 382
Osminin, Sgt.,
304, 318
Ossendowski, Ferdinand,
57,
58n
Ostro
vskii, Col. (commander of
the 517th Regiment),
268-72, 345,
353
over-forties, borodachi,
44-45, 87,
98, 106, 137, 157, 337, 367, 371
Paderin, A. M., 183n,
184,
195n
Palitsyn,
Gen. F. F.
(Chief of the
General Staff,
1905-09), 65
Pan-Slavism,
41, 76
Pares, Sir Bernard, 81n,
89, 95,
121n, 208n
Parskii, Gen. D. P., 268n,
344
Paustovskii,
Konstantin,
103η
peace: armistice, cease-fire,
353, 354,
355-56, 358;
civil peace,
Burg¬
frieden, 303;
longing of soldiers
for,
xviii, 53, 107, 122, 202, 22
In,
222, 223, 236,
244y
252, 333, 334,
336, 337, 338, 373, 376, 377,
378, 379;
separate peace, German
offers of,
107-8, 353, 354, 356,
358-59;
Soviet peace policy,
xiii,
248, 297, 299, 314, 319-20,
328, 336, 376-77;
Soviet Mani¬
festo of March
14, 293, 297, 303,
304, 305, 306, 309, 310, 311, 360;
resolution at All-Russian Confer¬
ence of Soviets,
293, 313-15;
at Western Front Congress,
322-23
peasants, peasantry, muzhiks, agrar¬
ian class,
xiv, xv, xix, 23, 24,
396
INDEX
25, 26, 27, 37-38, 43, 49, 72, 79,
93, 94, 96, 99,
І07,
104, 109,
ИЗ,
119, 157, 158, 189, 222;
peasant unrest, disorders, agrarian
movement,
30-31, 60-63, 78-79,
96-98;
peasant soldiers,
xv, xvi,
30, 36, 37, 49, 51, 77, 88-89,
90, 110, 155, 243, 244, 320,
347, 356, 378-79, 380
Peterhof,
64, 124, 150
Peter-Paul Fortress, lln,
142, 146,
151, 173, 178
Petrograd, 83, 97,
114n,
202, 204,
206, 209, 210, 211, 212, 214,
216, 222, 226, 229, 234, 244,
253, 285, 332, 335, 355, 372, 379;
uprising of February,
1917, 122,
123, 160, 191, 323; Petrograd
industrialists,
303, 308.
See also
St. Petersburg
Petrograd
Side,
130, 131, 146, 147
Petrov, M-,
276η
Petrov, V. D., 31n, 44n
Petrushevskii,
Col. P.
Α., 257η,
366,
382
Pintner,
Walter, 5n
Pireiko,
Α.,
92, 382
Plekhanov, G. V., 76n
Poland, Poles,
20, 47, 82, 83, 88,
89, 91, 99, 103-4, 313, 328, 356
police,
gendarmes,
56, 62, 79, 97-98,
114, 121, 123, 127, 129-41,
161, 179, 295, 299;
Pharaohs,
97, 138
Polivanov,
Gen.
Α. Α.,
64,
65η,
66,
67, 69, 382; Polivanov
Commis¬
sion,
234, 265, 270, 324
Polovtsev, Gen. P.
Α.,
367
Postnikov, S. P.,
382
Potapov,
Gen. N.
M.,
231-32
Potocki, Gen.
Count,
84η
Potresov,
Α. Ν., 76η
Pozera,
В. Р.,
321, 322
Pozyrevskii, Gen.
Α.
К.,
64
prapor
shchiki, 9n,
28, 92, 100,
111,
170, 192, 248, 302;
agitators,
340, 351;
schools for,
101, 107
Pravda,
194n, 279n,
285,
309n,
312,
316n, 317n
prisoners of war,
45, 84, 89, 91, 95,
347, 363
professionalism, professionalization,
xvi, 9, 11, 13, 20-24, 40, 59, 76,
155;
the professions,
29, 76, 100
Progressist,
162
Protopopov, A. D. (last Minister of
Interior of tsarist government),
111,
112, 125, 126, 127, 129,
135, 172
Provisional Government,
xiv, xx,
161, 214, 232, 252, 253, 254, 256,
268n,
375-77, 383;
agreement
with Soviet, genesis of
190-92;
announcement to front,
215, 218,
220;
conflicts with Soviet,
160,
260, 276, 292, 311, 323;
decrees,
measures,
271, 274, 287, 368-69,
371;
oath of loyalty to,
236,
237n,
241-44, 246,
250n,
25
In,
255, 272, 287, 294, 332, 384;
support for,
296-99, 304, 309,
310;
support insofar as,
306,
318, 320, 324, 330;
Coalition
(after May
1917), xix, 159, 333,
362n,
372, 373, 378, 379;
Ex¬
traordinary Investigative Commit¬
tee of,
126-27, 129, 149
Prussia, Prussians,
17;
East Prussia,
81, 85;
Army,
25, 26;
army
reforms of early 19th century,
38,
39n
Pskov,
160, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211,
223, 226, 228, 258, 307, 326
Pugachev, Emelian,
30
Rabinovich,
S. E.,
383
Rabinowitch, Alexander,
xiii, xiv, xx
Rabochaia
Gazeta,
308, 310,
312n
Radkey, Oliver,
xiii, xx, 12
In
Radko-Dmitriev, Gen.
R. D.
(com¬
mander of Twelfth Army),
257,
258,
344n
Rafes,
Μ., 166η, 169η, 178η
railroads, transportation, supply,
17,
26, 45, 47, 53-59, 69, 73, 93, 99,
105, 106, 112, 153, 174, 204,
206-7, 212, 234-35, 255, 362, 370
397
INDEX
Ramishvili (Menshevik
Duma
deputy),
325
Rashin,
A.
G., SOn
Rasputin,
95, 98, 110,
111,
113,
125, 156, 162
Ražin, Stenka,
30η
raznochinísy,
15,21, 22, 28, 29, 101,
106,
195η,
300, 302
Rech , 295,
296η,
303,
308η,
309,
310, 311, 316, 318
recruits, recruitment, conscription,
25, 36, 42, 45, 64, 76,
82n,
96,
105, 106, 124-25 129, 137, 157-
58;
system of conscription,
25-27, 30
Red Cross,
8
In,
89, 102
Rediger, Gen.
A. F. (War Minister,
1904-09), 64, 65
Rengarten,
Capt. I. I., llln
Rennenkampf, Gen.
P. K.,
56, 82
replacements, marching companies,
55, 84, 91, 96, 106-7, 109, 118,
157, 267, 288, 299, 330, 372
reserves: ratniki opolcheniia, militia,
Landwehr, 26-27, 84, 86-87, 91,
96, 137;
of the second category,
27, 96-98,
137n; reserve system,
xvi, 25-29;
reservists,
xvii, 43, 45,
49n,
53-57, 78-80, 82
Reval,
160, 209, 210, 212, 253,
259n, 296n,
306
revolution, idea of, revolutionary
movement,
3, 27, 28, 121, 122,
143, 162, 163
revolutionaries, radicals, conspira¬
tors,
xix, 29, 31, 42, 46, 48, 51,
53, 61-63, 71, 76, 98,
114n,
129,
132, 134-35, 153, 159, 161,
193, 211
revolutionary agitation and propa¬
ganda,
31, 42, 43-44, 45, 46, 48,
61-63, 110,
114n,
116, 122,
159, 193, 211
Revolution of
1905,
xv-xvii,
xix, 32,
51, 161, 230, 374;
Bloody Sunday,
31,
44n,
47, 122;
October
general strike,
48, 53, 55;
October
Manifesto,
48, 49, 59;
Moscow
uprising,
50-52;
Siberian repub¬
lics and
soviets,
52-60
Revolution of
1917,
Russian Revo¬
lution (term, concept), xiii-xix,
246-47, 373-80;
February Revolu¬
tion,
49, 107, 108, 159, 202,
253, 374-76;
October Revolution,
xix, 81, 161, 372, 379-80
rifles: shortage,
87;
Mosin rifle,
17,
18n,
45;
Berdanki,
87
Riga,
95, 116, 120, 160, 228, 253,
254n,
257, 258,
268n,
278, 279,
281, 282,
342n,
366
Rodichev, F. I.,
253, 321
Rodzianko, M. V. (Chairman of
Fourth Duma),
79-80,
80n, 102n,
112, 128, 203, 205, 321, 375,
382;
on Feb.
27, 163-64;
as head
of Temporary Committee of
Duma,
169-72, 176-79;
and crisis
over return of officers,
179-83,
193;
efforts to win over soldiers,
194-96, 296, 303;
role in abdica¬
tion crisis,
207-15
Rodzianko, Paul,
7,
85n
Romanovskii, Gen. I. P.,
219
Romm,
M. D.,
281, 314
Ronge,
Max,
356,
358n, 359n
Rosenberg, William,
xiii, xx, 247
n
Rumania,
106, 216, 228, 313;
Army,
106
Russkaia
Volia,
303, 309, 310, 316,
318
Russo-Japanese War,
18, 19,
20n,
41, 45, 70, 73, 83, 84, 90;
battle of Mukhden,
46, 84;
Far
Eastern Army,
45, 54-57;
Ports¬
mouth Peace,
46, 48, 53;
Tsushima,
46
Russo-Turkish War,
17, 18, 42,
67, 87
Ruzskii, Gen.
N.
V., HOn,
125,
209n,
227, 228, 254, 263, 334,
376;
and abdication,
205-13
Sadovskii, A. D., 183n, 193n
St. George s Cavaliers,
204, 305
St. Petersburg,
21, 31, 47, 52, 58,
63,
80n. See also
Petrograd
398
INDEX
Sakharov, Gen.
V.
V. (acting chief
of Rumanian Front),
264, 285
Samsonov, Gen.
Α.,
86
Sandetskii,
Gen.,
lin,
71
Satterup, Col. D. V.,
260-61
Scharnhorst, Gen. Gerhard
von, 38,
39n
Schnabel,
Franz, 39n
Selivachev, Gen. V. I.,
216, 218, 219,
22ln, 225n,
229,
249n,
266-67,
353, 382
Semenovskii incident,
11, 64
Serbian Army,
87
serfs, serfdom,
13, 25, 27, 36;
abolition of,
25
Sergeev, Capt. B. V., 221n,
228,
244n, 250n,
284-85, 345-46,
353, 355, 382
Shatilov, Gen. P. N.,
217,
226n,
385
Shcherbachev, Gen. D. G. (chief of
General Staff Academy; com¬
mander of Rumanian Front,
1917), 68
Shcherbatov, Prince N.,
93
Shidlovskii, S. I.,
17
In
Shingarev, A. I., 97n
Shinkarenko-Brusilov, Col.
N.
V.,
219,
285n
Shklovskii, Viktor, 127n, 195n
Shliapnikov,
Α. Α., 123η,
126n,
128η, 130η, 131η, 134η,
135,
139n,
146, 175,
176n,
180,
182n,
184,
197η, 250η, 256η, 259η,
265η, 278η, 283η, 347η, 348η,
384
Shulgin, Vasili,
164η,
170,
191n,
209, 210, 228
Shurygin, F.
Α., 109η
Siberia,
20, 49, 52, 60, 94, 103;
Siberian republics,
53-60;
Siberian cities,
78
Skalon,
Gen., 71
Skobelev, Gen.
M. D.,
13, 19
Skobelev, M. I.,
162,
163n,
166, 167,
168, 175,
176n,
183, 188, 253,
263n,
303, 321, 322
Skoropadskii, Gen. P. P.,
118
Slashchev, Col.,
244
Smirnov, Gen. (commander of
Second Army,
1917), 214,
250n
Sobolev, G. I.,
100,
124n, 137n,
157n
Social Democracy: Russian,
xiii, 31,
54, 323, 325;
Latvian, 254n;
German,
80.
See also Bolsheviks,
Bolshevism; Mensheviks,
Menshevism; Mezhraiontsy
Socialist Revolutionaries (S.R. s),
xiii, 184,
193n, 265n,
323;
mili¬
tary organizations,
44, 50, 61,
169;
Left S.R. s during uprising,
167, 181, 190;
front S.R. s,
301,
322, 325
social structure, social classes,
xii-
xiv, xvi, xvii, 12-13, 15, 23-24,
25, 27-28, 36-37, 38-39, 42, 43,
101-3, 122, 158;
social mobility,
xvi, 13, 20,
23n,
24;
class conflict
and hostility,
30-31, 37-38,
77-78, 79, 80, 109, 318, 319-20
Sokolov,
N. D.,
165η,
166,
167η,
176η, 183η,
191, 314,
341η,
360;
as initiator of Military Commis¬
sion,
169-74;
role in Order No.
One,
183-89, 302
Soldat
skaia
Pravda,
339, 383
Soldatskoe
Slovo
(55),
296n,
304,
3O5n, 3O6n, 312n,
318,
319n,
366,
370-71
soldiers: life and attitudes,
xiv, 25,
243, 378-80;
in the Old Army,
32-38;
in the Japanese war,
43-
46, 60-63;
in the First World
War,
76-79, 81-82, 88-90, 92-94,
96-98;
on eve of Revolution,
107-
9, 113-14;
of the
Petrograd
gar¬
rison,
137-38, 155-58;
reaction to
abdication and Revolution,
219-
26;
suspicion and hostility to
officers,
239-40;
April mood,
336-40, 354.
See also disorders,
military crimes
soldiers committees, soldier-officer
committees, army and front
committees, soldiers
soviets
(at
front), xviii-xix,
246-49, 320, 337,
339, 356, 360, 375-77;
in
1905,
399
INDEX
soldiers committees
(cont.)
50-51, 54-57, 59;
first days in
Petrograd, 182, 184, 187, 197-199;
first spontaneous committees at
front,
249-52, 262, 287;
institu¬
tion and regulation by command
structure,
257, 259-65, 268-72,
276-78, 283-86;
company and
battalion,
187, 269, 320, 333,
344;
regimental and divisional,
266-75, 278, 279, 281, 283-84,
287, 320, 341, 343, 344, 345;
corps,
265-66, 288, 352;
army,
244n,
276-77, 284, 286, 326, 327,
360-61;
front,
247, 276, 324,
325, 362;
deputations to
Petro¬
grad, 294-302, 309, 312, 313, 317,
320;
handling of arrests and con¬
flicts,
250, 272-75, 287-89,
342-44;
committeemen, com¬
mittee class,
xix, 61, 193, 248,
277, 284, 300-301, 320, 325, 327,
332, 351-52, 360-61, 376, 377;
congresses:
247, 321, 329;
West¬
ern Front,
321-25, 360;
Caucasus
Front,
325;
Northern Front,
Pskov,
326-29;
First Army,
275-
76, 298-300;
Fifth Army,
275-76,
335;
Special Army,
283-84;
Twelfth Army,
277;
other,
276-77
Soldiers Section (of the
Petrograd
Soviet),
168, 182, 231,
241n,
265n,
270, 305,
3O6n,
307, 384
Solskii, S.
Α.,
356, 367
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander,
xvi, 24,
69n,
81-82, 92
Sorokin,
F.,
139n, 174n
Soviet (USSR) monographs and
scholarship,
xiii, xiv, 80,
96n,
100, 121-22, 157, 247, 249,
355, 383
Soviet of Workers and Soldiers
Deputies
(Petrograd), 159, 169,
207n,
236, 240, 243,
250n,
251,
252, 253, 255, 260, 263, 276,
280, 284, 290, 291, 320, 323, 332,
334n, 335n,
340, 341, 367, 373,
376, 379;
Executive Committee,
166-68,
254n,
258;
leadership,
160, 163, 172, 175, 179, 228,
322, 329, 372, 373, 377;
and
Military Commission,
171, 174-
80;
negotiations with Duma
group,
181, 183, 190-92;
Order
No. One,
182-90;
Order No. Two,
231-33;
peace campaign,
304-21;
policy on fraternization,
355,
360-62;
pressure of front depu¬
tation on,
292-99;
Soviet power,
xviii, xix, 294, 380
soviets,
211, 368;
in
1905, 50-52, 54-
58, 60;
peasants ,
324;
soldiers ,
223, 258;
workers ,
50-52, 54-57,
60, 166-67, 175, 180;
officers ,
259,
278;
Soviet orientation, pro-Soviet
sentiment,
323, 324, 329-31, 367,
376-77;
in Kiev,
250, 307;
in
Minsk,
230;
in Mogilev,
259;
in
Moscow,
50, 321-22;
in Odessa,
368-69;
in
Reval,
296n; in Tiflis,
325;
other
283;
at front,
269,
277-78, 286
Stankevich,
Gen., 23
Stankevich, V.
В.,
76n,
100,
155n,
165n,
192,
327n, 362n
state, state authority and power,
3-4,
5, 37, 42, 75, 98, 164, 165, 166,
171-72, 176, 215, 218, 373, 374,
378;
gosudarstvo,
241-42, 244;
and
revolutionary power,
51, 181-82,
208;
vlasť,
220
State Council (of the imperial
government),
69-70
Statute on Field Administration,
73
Stavka
(Supreme Headquarters of
the Russian Army at the front)
,
69n,
83, 87,
95n,
99, 105, 108,
111,
116, 135, 225, 285, 305,
341n,
345,
347n, 352n,
355, 375,
384;
and the
Petrograd
uprising,
135, 152-54, 164;
and the abdi¬
cation,
202, 205, 206, 209-15;
and Order No. One,
228, 232-33;
and regulation of soldier-officer
committees,
246, 253, 258-62,
268, 335-36
Stein, Hans-Peter, 8n
400
INDEX
Steklov,
A. P.,
709η
Steklov,
L,
167η, 176η,
186, 188,
305, 314, 360
Stepun,
Fedor
[pseud.
N. Lugin],
xxii, 29, 76,
103η,
112-13, 217,
256-58, 300-302, 382
Stolypin, P.
Α.,
63, 64
Stone, Norman,
xvii,
68n, 74n,
8
In,
92n
Struve, Peter,
76
Stürmer,
B. V.
(Chairman of Coun¬
cil of Ministers, Minister of
Foreign Affairs and Interior,
1916), 93,
111,
112, 117
Sukhanov,
N.
N.,
154,
167n, 168n,
171η, 175η, 176η, 180η, 181η,
186, 188, 190, 191, 314, 360, 382
Sukhomlinov, Gen. V. A. (War
Minister,
1909-15),
18n, 19n,
65-
67, 70, 71, 91-92, 110, 117, 310
Suny,
Ronald,
xiii
support units: transport and engi¬
neering,
xix, 104-5, 124, 223, 248,
277, 301, 333, 343, 351, 377;
medical, veterinary,
xix, 102-3,
287
Suvorov, Gen. A. V. (famous
general of 18th century),
18
Tarasov-Rodionov, Aleksei, 127n,
174,
177n,
179, 182, 184,
186n,
304n,
382
Tauride Palace (seat of the State
Duma, also of
Petrograd
Soviet),
153, 162, 163, 165, 166, 170,
179, 182, 188, 190, 192, 193, 194,
195, 300;
Catherine Hall,
166,
193n,
296, 301, 304
Tiflis,
258, 263, 325, 329
Timichenko-Ruban, Capt. V. N.,
142, 145, 385
Tolstoy, Leo, 25n
Torke, Hans-Joachim, 5n, 12n
Trilisser,
Μ. Α.,
62n
Troitskii, Col. (commander of the
329th Regiment),
272-75
Trudoviki, Labor Group of the
State Duma, Popular Socialists,
63, 64,
76n,
100,
327n
tsar, tsars,
xvi, 3, 63, 64, 92, 108,
174, 203, 220, 224, 225, 281,
347, 367;
Peter the Great,
4, 10;
Catherine II,
10;
Alexander I,
5,
II, 64;
Nicholas I,
11, 12, 16, 30;
Alexander II,
25, 67;
Alexander
III,
7, 14, 17, 133
tsarism, autocracy, old regime,
tsarist government: symbols and
insignia,
xvii, 3-4, 9-10, 37, 40,
43, 75, 89, 107, 122, 154, 164,
220, 225, 236, 238, 242, 251,
253, 255, 330, 332, 345, 373-79;
fall, collapse, or overthrow
of the old regime, xv-xvi,
121-22,
375-76
Tsarsko
Selo,
6, 150, 160, 170, 173,
174, 204, 205, 207, 317
Tsereteli, I. G.,
277,
315n, 323n,
355, 360, 382;
at All-Russian
Conference of Soviets,
313-14;
at
Congress of the Western Front,
321-23
Tsiurikov, Gen. A. A. (commander
of the Sixth Army),
286
Tumanov, Col. G. N.,
260-61
Ukraine, Ukrainians,
103-4, 356
Union of Officer Republicans,
304,
317
Utgof, V. L., 265n
Vannovskii, Gen. P. S. (War Min¬
ister under Alexander III),
17
Vasilev, F. L, 106n
Vasilevskii Island,
132, 147
Vatsetis, Col. I. I.,
277
Verkhovskii, Gen. A. I.,
228, 231,
259n, 265n,
367, 382
Vertsinskii, Gen.
Ε. Α.,
266,
TIA
Vestník
Osoboi Armii,
283η
Vestník Vremennago Praviteľstva
(official organ of the Provisional
Government),
24
In,
27
In, 296n,
298,
317n,
369
Vilenkin,
Α. Α.,
327-29, 360-61
Voin-Grazhdanin (organ of the
committee of the Sixth Army),
329
401
INDEX
Voitinskii,
V. See Woytinsky, W.
S.
volunteers, volunteer system, volno-
opredeliaiushchie,
13, 28-29, 43,
45, 51, 60, 92, 100,
193n,
248,
300, 377
Voronovich, N.,
204,
217n
Vorovskii, V. V., 62n
Vrangel. See
Wrange!, Gen.
P.
N.
Vyborg Manifesto,
76
Vyborg Side,
130, 131, 138, 145,
152, 154, 158, 167
Wade, Rex,
xiii, xx
Walz,
John D.,
xvii
war, policy and attitudes toward:
prowar groups,
69, 75-76, 106,
HI,
122, 292, 297, 303-5, 309-11;
war to full victory,
292, 293,
298, 309, 318;
Provisional Gov¬
ernment statement on war aims
(March
27), 310, 327, 338
war industries committees, Central
War Industries Committe,
102,
123, 166
War Ministry, ministers,
16,
47n,
65, 66-70, 71,
HOn,
149, 190,
232,
258n,
260, 270;
Miliutin,
13-16;
Vannovskii,
17;
Kuropat-
kin,
19-20;
Rediger,
64-65;
Suk-
homlinov,
65-71;
Guchkov,
190,
214-15, 232-34
and passim;
Keren sky,
xix, 333
Warsaw,
82, 86
Western scholarship, xiii-xv,
xx, 100,
121-22, 381
Wettig,
Gerhard,
12
In, 247n,
381
White Russia (Belorussiia), White
Russians,
89, 91, 103
Wild, Max,
357,
359n
Wilhelm
II, Kaiser,
196, 292, 303
Winter Palace,
6, 71, 145, 147, 150,
151, 152, 155, 170;
Palace Square,
145, 148, 149, 151, 156
Witte,
Count Sergei Iu. (Minister
of Finance in 1890s; architect of
Russian industrialization),
xvi,
20, 41
workers, working class, proletariat,
xii, xiv, xv, 63, 76, 77, 93, 118,
159, 174, 181, 186, 204, 207,
226, 248, 292, 300, 301, 379,
380;
strikes,
30-31, 43, 47, 48,
53, 114, 138, 202, 308, 315,
374;
uprisings in Siberia in
1905,
53-57;
uprising in Moscow in
1905, 50-52;
uprising in
Petrograd
in
1917, 121-23, 129-35, 145-47;
and the army,
43, 47, 79-80, 99,
157-58, 277;
conflict with front
soldiers and reconciliation,
315-19
Workers Group of the Central War
Industries Committee,
123, 166,
167
Woytinsky, W. S.,
315,
327n,
355,
360,
361n,
382
Wrangel, Gen. P.
N.
(Vrangel),
219,
285n
Zaionchkovskii, Gen.
Α. Μ.,
64n,
106n,
265-66, 268,
111
Zaionchkovskii, P.
Α., 13η, 18η,
20n,
2
In, 23n, 24n
Zalezhskii, V. N.,
167
Zalutskii, P., 176n
Zankevich,
Gen., 150, 151, 154
Zemgor (Union of Zemstvos and
Towns),
102, 106, 261, 263,
324,
326пј
zemgussar (term of opprobrium for
zemstvo
volunteers at front),
102
zemstvos (local bodies of self-
administration),
76, 94, 112, 373
Zenzinov, V. M.,
165,
166n, 167n,
175n
Zhilinskii, Gen. I. P.,
70, 82
Zhordaniia,
N. N.
(Menshevik
Duma deputy),
325
Zimmerwald internationalsm,
360,
76n,
167, 176, 181
Zlokazov, G. I.,
1
78n
Znamenskii Square,
130, 133, 134,
139
402
r
Bayerische
Staar;
ihihlił
|
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| author | Wildman, Allan Kenyon |
| author_facet | Wildman, Allan Kenyon |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Wildman, Allan Kenyon |
| author_variant | a k w ak akw |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV018588858 |
| contents | The old Army and the soldiers' revolt <March-April 1917>.<br>Princeton/N.Y.: Princeton Univ. Pr. (1980). XXVI, 402 S. |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)642089572 (DE-599)BVBBV018588858 |
| format | Book |
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:33:06Z |
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| spelling | Wildman, Allan Kenyon Verfasser aut The end of the Russian Imperial Army 1980 txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The old Army and the soldiers' revolt <March-April 1917>.<br>Princeton/N.Y.: Princeton Univ. Pr. (1980). XXVI, 402 S. Weltkrieg 1914-18 bsbaltswk Russische Armee bsbaltswk Weltkrieg (1914-1918) Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=011359600&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=011359600&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Wildman, Allan Kenyon The end of the Russian Imperial Army The old Army and the soldiers' revolt <March-April 1917>.<br>Princeton/N.Y.: Princeton Univ. Pr. (1980). XXVI, 402 S. Weltkrieg 1914-18 bsbaltswk Russische Armee bsbaltswk Weltkrieg (1914-1918) |
| title | The end of the Russian Imperial Army |
| title_auth | The end of the Russian Imperial Army |
| title_exact_search | The end of the Russian Imperial Army |
| title_full | The end of the Russian Imperial Army |
| title_fullStr | The end of the Russian Imperial Army |
| title_full_unstemmed | The end of the Russian Imperial Army |
| title_short | The end of the Russian Imperial Army |
| title_sort | the end of the russian imperial army |
| topic | Weltkrieg 1914-18 bsbaltswk Russische Armee bsbaltswk Weltkrieg (1914-1918) |
| topic_facet | Weltkrieg 1914-18 Russische Armee Weltkrieg (1914-1918) |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=011359600&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=011359600&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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