The history of the Qur'ānic text: from revelation to compilation ; a comparative study with the Old and New Testaments
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Leicester
UK Islamic Academy
2003
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXII, 376 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 1872531652 1872531660 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Aʿẓamī, Muḥammad Muṣṭafā al- |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The history of the Qur'ānic text |b from revelation to compilation ; a comparative study with the Old and New Testaments |c Muḥammad Muṣṭafā Al-ʿAẓamī |
| 264 | 1 | |a Leicester |b UK Islamic Academy |c 2003 | |
| 300 | |a XXII, 376 Seiten | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 630 | 0 | 4 | |a Bible |x Evidences, authority, etc |
| 630 | 0 | 4 | |a Bible |x History |
| 630 | 0 | 4 | |a Koran |x Evidences, authority, etc |
| 630 | 0 | 4 | |a Koran |x History |
| 630 | 0 | 7 | |a Koran |0 (DE-588)4032444-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Bibel | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
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CONTENTS
Preface
xv
I. The History of the Qur'anic Text
1.
Introduction
3
2.
Early History of Islam: A Brief Look
15
/.
Pre-Islamic Arabia
15
i. The Geo-Political Condition
15
ii. Ibrahim and Makkah
16
iii. Quşayy
Gains Full Control of Makkah
19
iv.
Makkah: A Tribal Society
20
v. From
Quşayy
to Muhammad
Ш
21
vi.
The Religious Conditions in Arabia
22
2.
Prophet Muhammad
(53
B.H.-l
1
A.H./57
1-632
C.E.)
23
i. The Birth of Muhammad
Ш
24
ii. Muhammad
Ш
,
the
Amïn
24
iii.
Muhammad the Messenger of Allah
25
iv.
Abü
Bakr and his Acceptance of Islam
26
v. The Prophet Preaches Openly
26
vi.
Quraish Offers Muhammad
Ш
Great Temptations
27
vii.
Quraish Boycotts Muhammad
Ш
and his Clans
28
viii.
The Pledge of 'Aqaba
29
ix.
The Plot to Assassinate the Prophet
30
x. Muhammad
Ш
in Madinah
30
xi.
Prelude to the Battle of Badr
32
xii.
The Execution of Khubaib bin
'Adì
al-Anşârî
33
xiii.
The Conquest of Makkah
34
3.
Death of the Prophet and Accession of Abu Bakr
35
i. Abu Bakr Handles Widespread Apostasies
35
ii. Military Advances in Syria
37
4.
The Countries and Provinces Conquered During the Reigns
of 'Umar and
'Uthmãn
37
5.
Conclusion
39
Vlil
THE HISTORY OF THE
QUR'äNIC
TEXT
3.
Revelations and the Prophet Muhammad
Ш
41
/.
The Creator and some of His Attributes
42
i. The Purpose Behind Mankind's Creation
43
ii. The Message of the Prophets
43
2.
The Final Messenger
44
3.
Receiving the Revelations
45
i. The Beginning of Wahy and the Miracle of Qur'an
47
ii. The Impact of the Prophet's Recitation on thePolytheists
48
4.
The Prophet's Roles Regarding the Qur'an
50
5.
Recitation of the Qur'an in Turns with
Jibrïl
52
6.
A Few Remarks on Orientalist Claims
53
7.
Conclusion
54
4.
Teaching the Qur'an
55
1.
Incentives for Learning, Teaching and Reciting the Holy
Qur'an
56
2.
The Makkan Period
59
i. The Prophet as Teacher
59
ii. The Companions as Teachers
60
iii.
The Outcome of this Educational Policy in the
Makkan Period
61
3.
The
Madanï
Period
61
i. The Prophet as Teacher
61
ii. Dialects used by the Prophet for Teaching in Madinah
62
iii.
The Companions as Teachers
63
4.
The Outcome of the Educational Activities: Huffaz
64
5.
Conclusion
66
5.
The Recording and Arrangement of the Qur'an
67
/.
During the Makkan Period
67
2.
During the
Madanï
Period
68
i. Scribes of the Prophet
68
ii. The Prophet's Dictation of the Qur'an
69
iii.
Recording the Qur'an was Very Common Among
Companions
69
3.
The Arrangement of the Qur'an
70
i. The Arrangement of Verses Within
Süras 70
ii. The Arrangement of Suras
72
iii.
The Arrangement of Suras in Some Partial
Muşhafs
73
4.
Conclusion
76
CONTENTS ix
6.
The Written Compilation of the Qur'an
77
1.
Compilation of the Qur'an During Abu Bakr's Reign
78
i. Appointment of Zaid bin
Thãbit
as Compiler of the
Qur'an
78
ii. Zaid bin Thabit's Credentials
78
iii.
Abu Bakr's Instructions to Zaid bin
Thãbit
79
iv.
How Zaid bin
Thãbit
Utilised the Written Materials
81
v. Zaid bin
Thãbit
and the Use of Oral Sources
82
vi.
Aumentication of the Qur'an: The Case of the Last
Two Verses from Sura Bara'a
83
vii.
Placement of the
Şuhuf
into the State Archives
84
2.
'Umar's Role in the Spread of the Qur'an
85
3.
Conclusion
86
7.
'Uthman's
Muşhaf
87
1.
Disputes in Recitation and 'Uthman's Response
87
2.
'Uthmãn
Prepares
a Muşhaf
Directly from the
Şuhuf
88
3.
'Uthmãn
Makes an Independent Copy of the
Muşhaf
89
і.
Appointing a Committee of Twelve to Oversee the Task
89
ii. Arranging for an Autonomous Copy
89
iii.
'Uthmãn
Retrieves the
Şuhuf
from 'A'isha for Comparison
90
iv.
'Uthman Retrieves the
Şuhuf
from
Hafşa
for Verification
92
4.
The Sanctioning and Distribution of 'Uthman's
Muşhaf
93
і.
The Final Copy Read to the Companions
93
ii. The Number of Certified Copies Made
94
iii.
'Uthmãn
Burns All Other Manuscripts
94
iv.
'Uthmãn
Sends Reciters Along with
Muşhafs
94
v.
'Uthman's Instructions with the
Muşhafs
He Sent
96
5.
Studies on 'Uthman's
Muşhaf
97
і.
Studies on the
Muşhaf
of Malik bin
Abï
'Amir
al-Aşbahî
100
6.
Al-Hajjãj
and His Contribution to the
Muşhaf
102
7.
Muşhafs
in the Marketplace
105
8.
Conclusion
107
8.
The Evolution of Reading Aids Within the
Muşhaf
109
1.
Sura Separators
109
2.
Ãyah
Separators 111
3.
Conclusion
114
9.
The History of Arabic Palaeography
115
/.
The Historical Background of Arabic Characters
115
2.
Studies in Early Arabic Documents and Inscriptions
118
X THE HISTORY OF THE
QUR'äNIC TEXT
i. The Blurred Line Between Nabataean and Arabic
Inscriptions
118
ii. What Language Did the Nabataeans Speak?
120
iii.
The Early Arabic Language Possessed a Distinct
Alphabet
122
iv.
The Emergence of Various Scripts and the Issue of
Dating Kufic
Muşhafs
125
3.
Conclusion
128
10.
Arabic Paleography and Orthography in the Qur'an
129
1.
Writing Styles During the Time of the Prophet
130
2.
Studies on the Orthography of 'Uthman's
Muşhaf
131
3.
The
Nuqaţ
Potting) Scheme in Early
Muşhafs
135
і.
Early Arabic Writings and the Skeletal Dots
136
ii. The Invention of the Diacritical Markings
139
iii.
Parallel Usage of Two Different Diacritical Marking
Schemes
141
4.
Sources of the Skeletal and Diacritical Dotting Systems
143
5.
Orthographic and Palaeographic 'Irregularities' in Early
Non-Qur'anic Script
145
6.
Conclusion
148
11.
Causes of Variant Reading
151
1.
The Qjra'at is
Sunna
152
2.
The Need for Multiple Readings: Simplifying Recitation
for Unaccustomed Masses
153
3.
Main Cause of Multiple Readings (Variants): the
Orientalist View
155
4.
Secondary Cause of Multiple Readings (Variants)
159
5.
Altering a Word for its Synonym During Recitation
162
6.
Conclusion
163
12.
The Muslim Educational Methodology
165
/.
The Hunger for Information
166
2.
Personal Contact: An Essential Element for Learning
167
3.
Beginning and Development of the
Isnãd
System
167
i. The Phenomenon of
Isnãd:
Proliferation
169
4.
The Authentication of
Isnãd
and
Hadîth
172
і.
Establishing Trustworthiness
172
ii. The Unbroken Chain
175
iii.
Supporting or Negating Evidence
176
iv.
A Test Case with a Misleading
Isnãd
176
CONTENTS xi
5.
The First Generations of Scholars
177
6.
Preserving Books from Adulteration: A Unique System
178
i. Conditions for Utilising a Book
181
ii. Glosses: the Addition of External Material
182
iii.
Establishing Authorship
182
7.
Certificates of Reading
184
i. The Importance of Reading Notes
186
8.
Impact of
Hadîth
Methodology on Other Branches
191
9.
Isnãd
and the Transmission of the Qur'an
192
10.
Conclusion
193
13.
The So-Called
Muşhaf
of Ibn Mas'ud and Alleded
Variances Therein
195
1.
First Point: The Arrangement of Ibn Mas'ud's
Muşhaf
196
2.
Second Point: The Text Differed from Our
Muşhaf
197
3.
Third Point: Three
Süras
were Omitted
199
i. Analysis of the Contents of Ibn Mas'ud's
Muşhaf
200
ii.
Ibn Mas'ud's Beliefs
201
4.
When Can Any Writing be Accepted as Part of the Qur'an?
203
i. Principles for Determining Whether a Verse
Belongs to the Qur'an
203
ii. Examples of Scholars Punished for Violating the
Above Principles
205
5.
Conclusion
206
II. The History of the Biblical Scriptures
14.
Early History of Judaism: A Brief Look
211
1.
Jewish History Prior to Establishing the Kingdom
211
2.
Jewish History After Establishing the Kingdom
218
i. The Divided Kingdoms
219
ii. The Destruction of the First Temple
(586
B.C.) and
the Babylonian Exile
(586-538 B.c.) 224
iii.
The Restoration of Jerusalem and the
Establishment of the Second Temple
(515
B.C.)
224
iv.
The Hellenistic rule
(333-168
B.C.) and the
Maccabaean Revolt
(168-135 B.c.) 224
v. The End of the Maccabaean Dynasty
(63
B.C.),
the Roman Rule and the Destruction of the
Second Temple
(70
C.E.)
225
3.
Conclusion
226
XU
THE HISTORY OF THE QUR'aNIC TEXT
15.
The Old Testament and its Corruption
227
1.
History of the Old Testament
227
i. History of Torah According to Jewish Source
228
ii. History of the Torah According to Modern Scholars
230
2.
The Sources of Jewish Literary Culture
232
i. Original Language of the Old Testament was Not
Called Hebrew
232
ii. The Early Jewish Script: Canaanite and Assyrian
234
iii.
The Sources of the Torah
235
3.
History of the Oral Law
236
4.
History of the Hebrew Text: The Masorah
238
i. Only Thirty-one Surviving Masorah Text of
ОТ
238
5.
In Search of an Authoritative Text
240
i. The Role of the Council of Jamnia
-
Late First
Century C.E.
241
ii. The Old Testament Text was known in a Variety of
Differing Traditions
241
iii.
Approximately
6000
Discrepancies Between the
Samaritan and Jewish Pentateuchs Alone
242
iv.
Unintentional Corruptions of the Text
243
v. No Qualms Felt in Altering the Text when there
Appeared to be Adequate Doctrinal Reasons
244
vi.
No Single Authoritative
ОТ
Text Existed Till
100
C.E.
245
vii.
Jewish Scholars Established the Text of
tìie
ОТ
in the
Tenth Century, Actively Destroying Earlier Manuscripts
246
viii.
The Masora and Textual Integrity
246
6.
The Jewish Revival: a Legacy of Islamic Literary
Advancements
247
i. Pointing and Vocalization Induced by Islamic
Achievements
247
ii. Masoretic Activity Flourished in the West Under
Islamic Influence
249
iii.
The Talmud and Islamic Influence
250
7.
Establishing the Date for a Fixed, Authoritative
ОТ
Text
251
i. Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls: The Western View
251
ii. The Counter View: The Terminus Datum of Qumran
and Other Caves is Fake
252
8.
Some Major Examples of Deliberate Textual Corruption
256
9.
Conclusion
261
CONTENTS xiii
16.
Early History of Christianity: A Brief Look
265
1.
Did Jesus Exist?
265
i. References to Jesus in Non-Christian Books from
the First Century
266
ii. The Historical Christ in Christian Circles
266
iii.
Christ and His Mother-Tongue
268
iv.
Christ: the Moral Attributes of God?
268
2.
Jesus' Disciples
269
i. Some Remarks on the Twelve Disciples
272
3.
Jesus and his Message: Repent, for the Kingdom of
Heaven is at Hand
' 272
i. Jesus and the Scope of his Message
273
ii. Christian Creeds
273
iii.
The Implications of the Term 'Christian' in the
Early Days
275
4.
The Persecution of Early Christians
276
5.
Practices and Belief in Early Christianity and its
Aftermath
277
6.
Conclusions
278
17.
The New Testament: its Anonymous Authorship and
Corruption
279
1.
The Lost Gospel Q,- A Challenge
279
2.
The Authorship of the Present Four Gospels
280
3.
Are the Gospels Inspired?
281
4.
Transmission of the New Testament
282
i. The Creation of Different Text Types
283
ii. Dates of Recensions
284
5.
Textual Corruption
285
i. Variant Readings in the New Testament
285
ii. Scribal Alterations
288
6.
The Erasmus Bible and the Comma Johanneum
290
7.
Contemporary Corruption of the Text
291
8.
Early Manuscripts Negates the Prevalent Christian Doctrines
295
9.
Conclusion
298
xiv
THE HISTORY OF THE QUR'aNIC TEXT
III. An Appraisal of Orientalism
18.
The Orientalist and the Qur'an
303
1.
The Necessity of Proving Distortions in the Qur'an
303
2.
Orientalist Criticism of the Qur'an's Compilation
304
3.
Transmutation of Islam into Foreign Idioms
305
4.
Orientalist Accusations of Appropriation
306
i. Accusations of Botched Appropriation
306
ii. A Counterfeited Bible
307
5.
Deliberate Distortion of die Qur'an
308
i.
Flügel's
Attempted Distortion of die Qur'an
308
ii.
Blachère's
Attempted Distortion of the Qur'an
309
iii.
Mingana's Attempted Distortion of the Qur'an
311
6.
Puin
and die San'a' Fragments
314
i. Are die San'a' Fragments the Only Proof of die
Qur'an's Completion by die First Century?
315
7.
Conclusion
318
19.
Orientalist Motivations: A Study of Subjectivity
321
7.
The Jewish Analogue
321
i. The Validity of an Anti-Semitic Work
321
ii. Can an Anti-Judaic Scholar be Impartial When Dealing
with a Jewish Theme?
322
iii.
Are Jewish Scholars Free to Study Jewish Topics?
323
2.
The Muslim Counterpoint
325
i. Israeli Suppression of Palestinian History
325
ii. An Orientalist Pioneer and Deceiver of Muslims
326
3.
Searching for Impartiality
327
i. A
Historical Perspective: Jews, Christians, and Romans
327
ii. Impartiality in Modern Studies
330
4.
Pressures and Motives
331
i. Colonialism and die Demoralisation of Muslims
331
ii. The Jewish Question and die Erasure of History and
Fabrication of a New One
333
5.
Conclusion
339
20.
Closing Remarks
341
Bibliography
347
Index
357 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Aʿẓamī, Muḥammad Muṣṭafā al- |
| author_facet | Aʿẓamī, Muḥammad Muṣṭafā al- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Aʿẓamī, Muḥammad Muṣṭafā al- |
| author_variant | m m a a mma mmaa |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV017837576 |
| callnumber-first | B - Philosophy, Psychology, Religion |
| callnumber-label | BP130 |
| callnumber-raw | BP130.7 |
| callnumber-search | BP130.7 |
| callnumber-sort | BP 3130.7 |
| callnumber-subject | BP - Islam, Bahaism, Theosophy |
| classification_rvk | BE 8612 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)53124427 (DE-599)BVBBV017837576 |
| dewey-full | 297.12209 |
| dewey-hundreds | 200 - Religion |
| dewey-ones | 297 - Islam, Babism & Bahai Faith |
| dewey-raw | 297.12209 |
| dewey-search | 297.12209 |
| dewey-sort | 3297.12209 |
| dewey-tens | 290 - Other religions |
| discipline | Theologie / Religionswissenschaften |
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| id | DE-604.BV017837576 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-09T13:02:43Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1872531652 1872531660 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-010707452 |
| oclc_num | 53124427 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-703 DE-29 |
| owner_facet | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-703 DE-29 |
| physical | XXII, 376 Seiten |
| publishDate | 2003 |
| publishDateSearch | 2003 |
| publishDateSort | 2003 |
| publisher | UK Islamic Academy |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Aʿẓamī, Muḥammad Muṣṭafā al- Verfasser aut The history of the Qur'ānic text from revelation to compilation ; a comparative study with the Old and New Testaments Muḥammad Muṣṭafā Al-ʿAẓamī Leicester UK Islamic Academy 2003 XXII, 376 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Bible Evidences, authority, etc Bible History Koran Evidences, authority, etc Koran History Koran (DE-588)4032444-8 gnd rswk-swf Koran gtt Tekstgeschiedenis gtt Bibel Geschichte Textgeschichte (DE-588)4117192-5 gnd rswk-swf Koran (DE-588)4032444-8 u Textgeschichte (DE-588)4117192-5 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010707452&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Aʿẓamī, Muḥammad Muṣṭafā al- The history of the Qur'ānic text from revelation to compilation ; a comparative study with the Old and New Testaments Bible Evidences, authority, etc Bible History Koran Evidences, authority, etc Koran History Koran (DE-588)4032444-8 gnd Koran gtt Tekstgeschiedenis gtt Bibel Geschichte Textgeschichte (DE-588)4117192-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4032444-8 (DE-588)4117192-5 |
| title | The history of the Qur'ānic text from revelation to compilation ; a comparative study with the Old and New Testaments |
| title_auth | The history of the Qur'ānic text from revelation to compilation ; a comparative study with the Old and New Testaments |
| title_exact_search | The history of the Qur'ānic text from revelation to compilation ; a comparative study with the Old and New Testaments |
| title_full | The history of the Qur'ānic text from revelation to compilation ; a comparative study with the Old and New Testaments Muḥammad Muṣṭafā Al-ʿAẓamī |
| title_fullStr | The history of the Qur'ānic text from revelation to compilation ; a comparative study with the Old and New Testaments Muḥammad Muṣṭafā Al-ʿAẓamī |
| title_full_unstemmed | The history of the Qur'ānic text from revelation to compilation ; a comparative study with the Old and New Testaments Muḥammad Muṣṭafā Al-ʿAẓamī |
| title_short | The history of the Qur'ānic text |
| title_sort | the history of the qur anic text from revelation to compilation a comparative study with the old and new testaments |
| title_sub | from revelation to compilation ; a comparative study with the Old and New Testaments |
| topic | Bible Evidences, authority, etc Bible History Koran Evidences, authority, etc Koran History Koran (DE-588)4032444-8 gnd Koran gtt Tekstgeschiedenis gtt Bibel Geschichte Textgeschichte (DE-588)4117192-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bible Evidences, authority, etc Bible History Koran Evidences, authority, etc Koran History Koran Tekstgeschiedenis Bibel Geschichte Textgeschichte |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010707452&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aʿzamimuhammadmustafaal thehistoryofthequranictextfromrevelationtocompilationacomparativestudywiththeoldandnewtestaments |