Fundamentals of spatial information systems:
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| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London [u.a.]
Acad. Press
1999
|
| Edition: | 7. print. |
| Series: | APIC series
37 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXIII, 680 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0124383807 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Fundamentals of spatial information systems |c Robert Laurini and Derek Thompson |
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| adam_text | THE A.P.I.C. SERIES NUMBER 37 FUNDAMENTALS OF SPATIAL INFORMATION
SYSTEMS ROBERT LAURINI UNIVERSITE CLAUDE BERNARD LYON 1, LYON, FRANCE
AND DEREK THOMPSON UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND AT COLLEGE PARK, COLLEGE PARK,
USA ACADEMIC PRESS HARCOURT BRACE & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS LONDON SAN DIEGO
NEW YORK BOSTON SYDNEY TOKYO TORONTO CONTENTS PREFACE XV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XIX PART ONE INTRODUCTION TO THE SPATIAL CONTEXT
CHAPTER 1 GEOMATICS: INTRODUCTION TO SPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS 3 1.1
SPATIAL DATA ORGANIZATION 3 1.2 HETEROGENEITY OF USES OF SPATIAL
INFORMATION SYSTEMS 10 1.2.1 USES OF SPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS 10
1.2.2 EXAMPLES OF DATA REQUIREMENTS 12 1.3 SOME COMPONENTS OF SPATIAL
INFORMATION SYSTEMS 16 1.3.1 THE TOOLBOX VIEW 16 1.3.2 THE PHYSICAL
COMPONENTS 19 1.4 THE ROLE OF AUTOMATION: GEOMATICS 19 1.5 BIBLIOGRAPHY
24 CHAPTER 2 NEEDS: PURPOSES AND TYPES OF SPATIAL PROBLEM 27 2.1
PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED; TASKS TO BE PERFORMED 27 2.2 LOCATION AND
CHARACTER 33 2.3 MEASUREMENTS AND SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS 38 2.3.1
SPATIAL PROPERTIES 39 2.3.2 SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS 41 2.4 CATEGORIES OF
SPATIAL PROBLEMS 43 2.4.1 TYPES OF SPATIAL PROBLEM 43 2.4.2 OTHER
ASPECTS 47 2.5 SOME EXAMPLES OF MULTI-FACETED NEEDS 48 2.5.1 EXAMPLE OF
FLOWS OVER LANDSCAPES 48 2.5.2 RESOURCES INVENTORY 49 2.5.3 PREDICTING
THE LOCATION OF MINERAL ORE DEPOSITS 49 2.5.4 ENGINEERING NETWORK
SIMULATION 53 2.6 MAIN CATEGORIES OF TOOLS IN A SPATIAL INFORMATION
SYSTEM 54 2.7 SOME IMPLICATIONS FOR THE DESIGN OF SPATIAL INFORMATION
SYSTEMS 58 2.8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 59 VI CONTENTS CHAPTER 3 SEMANTICS: OBJECTS,
SURFACES, DATA 61 / 3.1 THE INFORMATION IN A SPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEM
61 3.1.1 SPATIAL ENTITIES 62 3.1.2 CATEGORIES OF INFORMATION 63 3.1.3
METAINFORMATION 67 3.2 NON-SPATIAL ATTRIBUTES 67 3.3 SPATIAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF ENTITIES 72 3.3.1 DIMENSIONALITY OF ENTITIES 72 3.3.2
GEOMETRIC ELEMENTS 76 3.4 COMBINATIONS OF ENTITY TYPES 81 3.4.1
COMBINATIONS OF SPATIAL UNITS 81 3.4.2 SUBSTITUTIONS OF SPATIAL UNITS 84
3.4.3 MIXED USES 85 3.5 CONTINUOUS VARIATION OVER AND IN SPACE 87 3.5.1
A FIELD VIEW OF SPATIAL VARIATIONS 87 3.5.2 ISOTROPICITY 90 3.5.3
DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS VIEWS 91 3.6 SPATIAL AND NON-SPATIAL PROPERTIES
TOGETHER 92 3.7 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE MECHANICS OF SPATIAL DATA
ORGANIZATION 95 3.7.1 TABLES AND MATRICES 95 3.7.2 MAPS . 96 3.7.3 DATA
MODELS 98 3.8 PERSONAL SPATIAL SEMANTICS 99 3.9 SOME OTHER ASPECTS OF
SPATIAL INFORMATION 102 3.9.1 DATA QUALITY 103 3.9.2 THE TIME ELEMENT
104 3.9.3 INTENSIONAL AND EXTENSIONAL DATA 106 3.9.4 GENERAL DISCUSSION
106 3.10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 108 PART TWO GEOMETRIES FOR SPATIAL DATA CHAPTER
4 GEOMETRIES: POSITION, REPRESENTATION, DIMENSIONS 113 4.1 DIFFERENT
GEOMETRIES 114 4.2 POSITIONING OBJECTS IN SPATIAL REFERENCING SYSTEMS
116 4.2.1 CONTINUOUS SPACE REFERENCING 117 4.2.2 REFERENCING FOR
DISCRETE ENTITIES 122 4.3 GLOBAL REFERENCE SYSTEMS 127 4.3.1 GLOBAL
REFERENCING 127 4.3.2 MAP PROJECTIONS 128 4.3.3 SOME EXAMPLES OF GLOBAL
SYSTEMS 131 4.4 THE FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF DISTANCE 134 4.5 COORDINATES
AND SPLINES: THE REPRESENTATION OF LINES 140 4.5.1 LINE SIMPLIFICATION
141 CONTENTS VII 4.5.2 SMOOTHED LINES 144 4.5.3 SOME REALITIES OF LINE
AND POLYGON REPRESENTATION 149 /4.5.4 INTENSIONAL AND EXTENSIONAL
REPRESENTATION OF OBJECTS 151 4.6 FRACTALS: A WAY TO REPRESENT NATURAL
OBJECTS 152 4.6.1 CREATION OF FRACTAL OBJECTS 152 4.6.2 STOCHASTIC
FRACTALS 155 4.7 SPACE-FILLING CURVES AND DIMENSIONALITY 159 4.7.1 PATHS
THROUGH SPACE 159 4.7.2 SPACE-FILLINGXURVES 161 4.7.3 DIMENSIONALITY 167
4.8 SUMMARY 170 4.9 BIBLIOGRAPHY 172 CHAPTER 5 TOPOLOGY: GRAPHS, AREAS,
ORDERING 175 5.1 NETWORKS AND GRAPHS 175 5.1.1 GRAPHS 176 5.1.2
PROPERTIES OF GRAPHS 180 5.2 GRAPHS AND AREAS 183 5.2.1 DIGITAL LINE
GRAPHS 183 5.2.2 TOPOLOGICAL CONSISTENCY 186 5.3 ERROR IDENTIFICATION
190 5.3.1 POSSIBLE CONDITIONS IN DIGITAL MAPS 190 5.3.2 SOME PROCEDURES
FOR CHECKING FOR ERRORS 192 5.4 POLYGONS AND AREAS 197 5.4.1 TYPES OF
AREAL SPATIAL UNIT 198 5.4.2 CONTAINMENT AND COINCIDENCE 200 5.5 DATA
FOR SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS 206 5.6 SOME OTHER CONSIDERATIONS AND SUMMARY
211 5.7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 214 CHAPTER 6 TESSELLATIONS: REGULAR AND IRREGULAR
CELLS, HIERARCHIES 217 6.1 MOSAICS, TESSELLATIONS AND LATTICES 217 6.1.1
TESSELLATIONS 218 6.1.2 LATTICES 219 6.1.3 SCALE AND RESOLUTION 221 6.2
THE GEOMETRY OF REGULAR TESSELLATIONS 222 6.3 FIXED SPATIAL RESOLUTIONS:
REGULAR CELL GRIDS 226 6.3.1 DATA ENCODING 226 6.3.2 SPATIAL PROPERTIES
230 6.3.3 SURFACE MODELLING FROM LATTICES 231 6.3.4 STRUCTURES FOR
GRID-CELL DATA 232 6.4 VARIABLE SPATIAL RESOLUTION: QUADTREES 235 6.5
HIERARCHICAL TESSELLATIONS FOR A SPHERE 243 VIII CONTENTS 6.6 IRREGULAR
TESSELLATIONS BASED ON TRIANGLES 246 6.6.1 PROXIMAL REGIONS 246 *T
6.(S.2 TRIANGULATION 247 6.7 IMPLICATIONS FOR SPATIAL INFORMATION
SYSTEMS 252 6.8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 254 CHAPTER 7 MANIPULATIONS:
INTERPOLATIONS, GEOMETRIC OPERATIONS, TRANSFORMATIONS 257 7.1
INTERPOLATION AND EXTRAPOLATION 258 7.1.1 THE INTERPOLATION AND
EXTRAPOLATION CONCEPT 258 7.1.2 SOME PRACTICALITIES 261 7.2 BASIC
OPERATIONS ON LINES AND POINTS 264 7.2.1 LINE INTERSECTIONS 264 7.2.2
SEGMENT INTERSECTIONS 265 7.2.3 POINT-IN-POLYGON PROCEDURE 267 7.2.4
CENTROID DEFINITION 269 7.2.5 SOME SPATIAL STATISTICS BASED ON POINT
DATA 270 7.3 SOME OPERATIONS FOR POLYGONS 271 7.3.1 INTERSECTION OF
LINES WITH POLYGONS 272 7.3.2 UNION AND INTERSECTION OF POLYGONS 272
7.3.3 AREA COMPUTATION 273 7.3.4 AREAL INTERPOLATION - 275 7.3.5 SHAPE
MEASURES FOR POLYGONS 276 7.3.6 POLYGON CLIPPING 277 7.3.7 BUFFER ZONES
279 7.3.8 POLYGON OVERLAY PROCESS 280 7.4 SPATIAL DATA TRANSFORMATIONS
284 7.4.1 CHANGES IN DIMENSIONALITY 285 7.4.2 CHANGES IN POSITION 286
7.4.3 CONFLATION 290 7.4.4 CHANGES IN TOPOLOGY 291 7.5 TRANSFORMATIONS
BETWEEN REGULAR CELLS AND ENTITIES 291 7.5.1 CHANGE TO REGULAR CELLS 292
7.5.2 CHANGE FROM REGULAR CELLS TO VECTORS 293 7.6 ACCESS TO SPATIAL
DATA 295 7.6.1 ACCESS BY IDENTIFIERS AND BY LOCATORS 295 7.6.2
RECTANGLES AND STRIP TREES 296 7.6.3 SHEETS AND TILES 299 7.6.4
DIFFERENT FORMS OF SPATIALADDRESS 300 7.7 SUMMARY 302 7.8 BIBLIOGRAPHY
303 CONTENTS IX CHAPTER 8 SPATIAL ANALYSIS: ATTRIBUTE DATA, MODELLING,
INTEGRATION 306 8.1 . INTEGRATING THE ATTRIBUTE DATA 306 8.2 SOME
OPERATIONS FOR PLANAR NETWORK ENTITIES 310 8.3 SOME OPERATION S FOR
GRID-CELL BASED MAP OVERLAY MODELLING 314 8.3.1 BASIC OPERATIONS FOR
GRID-CELL DATA . 314 8.3.2 SPATIAL MODELLING WITH GRID-CELL DATA 318 8.4
OPERATIONS FOR QUADTREE TESSELLATIONS 321 8.5 OPERATIONS FOR IRREGULAR
POLYGONS AND FOR GRAPHS 324 8.5.1 CREATING REGIONS 325 8.5.2 LOCATION
PROBLEM SOLVING * 328 8.5.3 MAP OVERLAY MODELLING AND ANALYSIS 329 8.6
INTEGRATION AND MULTIPLE REPRESENTATION 333 8.6.1 MULTIPLE
REPRESENTATION 334 8.6.2 INTEGRATION 334 8.6.3 SOME EXAMPLES OF PUBLIC
AND COMMERCIAL SPATIAL DATA ORGANIZATION 336 8.7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
343 8.8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 345 PART THREE CONCEPTUAL MODELLING FOR SPATIAL
DATA CHAPTER 9 DESIGN FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS: METHODOLOGIES, ISSUES 351
9.1 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 352 9.2 THE ANSI-SPARC DESIGN
METHODOLOGY 358 9.3 CONCEPTUAL MODELLING: THE ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP
APPROACH 362 9.4 LOGICAL MODELLING: RELATIONAL DATABASES 366 9.5
TRANSFORMING ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP MODELS INTO RELATIONAL MODELS 369 9.6
LOGICAL MODELLING: CODASYL DATABASES 374 9.6.1 THE MODELLING 374 9.6.2
THE DATA DEFINITION AND MANIPULATION LANGUAGES 378 9.7 SOME ISSUES IN
ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP AND LOGICAL MODELLING 383 9.7.1 IMPLIED
RELATIONSHIPS 384 9.7.2 PERSON-MADE AND NATURAL RULES 386 9.7.3 TABLE
ORGANIZATION 388 9.8 THE PROCESS FOR THE DESIGN OF SPATIAL INFORMATION
SYSTEMS 391 9.8.1 THE INFORMATION DISCOVERY 391 9.8.2 INFORMATION SYSTEM
DESIGN 393 9.9 SUMMARY 396 9.10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 396 X CONTENTS CHAPTER 10
SPAGHETTI: CONCEPTUAL MODELLING OF LINE-ORIENTED OBJECTS 399 10.1
REPRESENTATION OF SEGMENTS, POLYLINES AND MIXTILINES 399 10.1.1 SEGMENTS
401 10.1.2 POLYLINES 402 10.1.3 REPRESENTATION OF A MIXTILINE 403 10.2
ONE-DIMENSIONAL REPRESENTATION OF POLYGONS AND AREAS 403 10.2.1 ISOLATED
POLYGONS 405 10.2.2 SETS OF POLYGONS 406 10.3 MODELLING FOR GRAPHS 409
10.4 CONCEPTUAL MODELLING OF TERRAINS 411 10.4.1 GRADIENTS, GRIDS AND
CONTOURS 411 10.4.2 TRIANGULATED IRREGULAR NETWORKS 414 10.5
REPRESENTATION OF POLYHEDRA ( 416 10.5.1 SIMPLE POLYHEDRA 416 10.5.2
COMPLEX POLYHEDRA 417 10.6 SOME EXAMPLES OF VECTOR ORIENTED GEOMATIC
MODELS 419 10.7 SUMMARY 424 10.8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 425 CHAPTER 11 PIZZA:
CONCEPTUAL MODELLING FOR AREAS AND VOLUMES 426 11.1 REGULAR CELL GRID
REPRESENTATION 427 11.2 QUADTREES 428 11.2.1 REVIEW OF THE CONCEPT OF
QUADTREES 428 11.2.2 MODELLING POLYGONS AND TERRAINS BY QUADTREES 430
11.2.3 EXTENDED QUADTREES 432 11.3 PYRAMID MODELS 436 11.4 MODELLING VIA
OCTTREES 436 11.4.1 HIERARCHICAL AND LINEAR OCTTREES 438 11.4.2 EXTENDED
OCTTREES 438 11.5 EXAMPLE: MODELLING OF GEOLOGICAL OBJECTS 441 11.6
SUMMARY 442 11.7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 443 CHAPTER 12 SPATIAL OBJECT MODELLING:
VIEWS, INTEGRATION, COMPLEXITIES 444 12.1 SELECTION CRITERIA FOR A GOOD
REPRESENTATION 444 12.2 EXTERNAL MODELS: SYNTHESIS WITH DIFFERENT
REPRESENTATIONS 445 12.2.1 STANDARDIZATION OF GEOMETRIC REPRESENTATION
N 447 12.2.2 COEXISTENCE OF SEVERAL GEOMETRIC REPRESENTATIONS 447 12.2.3
AN ADDITIONAL STEP IN CONCEPTUAL MODELLING 448 12.3 WORKING WITH COMPLEX
FEATURES 453 CONTENTS XI 12.4 SEMANTIC DATA MODELS 456 12.5 MODELS USED
IN SOME SPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND DATABASES 460 I 12.5.1
COMMERCIAL SPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS SOFTWARE EXAMPLES 461 12.5.2
NATIONAL CARTOGRAPHIC DATABASES 467 12.6 ISSUES IN REPRESENTATIONS AND
CONCEPTUAL MODELLING 468 12.6.1 METADATA 469 12.6.2 DATABASE CONCEPTS
AND PRACTICAL MATTERS 472 12.7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 475 PART FOUR SPATIAL DATA
RETRIEVAL AND REASONING CHAPTER 13 ALGEBRAS: RELATIONAL AND PEANO TUPLE
479 13.1 FEATURES OF RELATIONS 479 13.1.1 SOME PROPERTIES OF TUPLES 480
13.1.2 THE CARTESIAN PRODUCT FOR RELATIONS 481 13.2 RELATIONAL OPERATORS
AND RELATIONAL ALGEBRA 483 13.2.1 INTERSECTION 483 13.2.2 UNION 485
13.2.3 DIFFERENCE 486 13.2.4 JOIN 486 13.2.5 RELATIONAL PROJECTION 487
13.2.6 RESTRICTION 488 13.2.7 DIVISION 488 13.3 NORMALIZATION . 490
13.3.1 NECESSITY FOR NORMALIZATION 490 13.3.2 FUNCTIONAL DEPENDENCIES
492 13.3.3 FIRST NORMAL FORM 493 13.3.4 SECOND NORMAL FORM 495 13.3.5
THIRD NORMAL FORM 496 13.3.6 OTHER NORMAL FORMS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR
SPATIAL DATA 496 13.4 STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE EXAMPLES IN GEOMATICS
497 13.5 PEANO RELATIONS 507 13.5.1 PEANO RELATIONS CONCEPT 507 13.5.2
DEFINITION OF A PEANO RELATION 509 13.6 CONFORMANCE LEVELS AND
EXTENSIONS 512 13.6*.L FIRST CONFORMANCE LEVEL: WELL-POSITIONED OBJECT
512 13.6.2 SECOND CONFORMANCE LEVEL: REMOVAL OF OVERLAPS 515 13.6.3
THIRD CONFORMANCE LEVEL: COMPACT OBJECTS 516 13.6.4 EXTENSION BEYOND TWO
DIMENSIONS 518 13.6.5 HILBERT KEYS 519 13.7 THE PEANO-TUPLE ALGEBRA 520
13.7.1 BOOLEAN OPERATORS 520 13.7.2 GEOMETRIC OPERATORS 523 XII CONTENTS
13.7.3 RELATIONAL OPERATORS 526 13.7.4 EXAMPLES OF PEANO-TUPLE ALGEBRA
QUERIES 530 * 13.8 SUMMARY 531 13.9 BIBLIOGRAPHY 532 CHAPTER 14 SPATIAL
QUERIES: TYPES, ALGORITHMS 534 14.1 THE PROCESS FOR SPATIAL QUERIES 534
14.2 POINT-IN-POLYGON QUERIES 537 14.3 REGION QUERIES 538 14.4 VACANT
PLACE QUERIES 541 14.5 DISTANCE AND BUFFER ZONE QUERIES 543 14.6 PATH
QUERIES 546 14.7 EXAMPLES OF MULTIMEDIA QUERIES 548 14.8 IMPLICATIONS
FOR SPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS 553 14.9 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 556 CHAPTER 15
ACCESS AND QUALITY: SPATIAL INDICES AND INTEGRITY CONSTRAINTS 557 15.1
INDEXING 558 15.1.1 INDEXING IN FILE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 559 15.1.2
INDEXING IN RELATIONAL DATABASES 562 15.2 SPATIAL INDEXING 563 15.2.1
INDEXING BY SPACE-FILLING CURVES 567 15.2.2 INDEXING BY QUADTREES 569
15.2.3 INDEXING BY R- AND R + -TREES 571 15.2.4 INDEXING BY OTHER KINDS
OF TREES 573 15.2.5 SOME PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF SPATIAL INDEXING 575 15.3
INTEGRITY CONSTRAINTS 576 15.3.1 BASIC INTEGRITY CONSTRAINTS 576
15.3.2 SPATIAL DATA CHECKING 577 15.3.3 EXAMPLE OF A CADASTRE 578 15.4
THE USE OF TOPOLOGY IN CREATING INTEGRITY CHECKING MECHANISMS 581 15.4.1
THE TOPOLOGY OF TESSELLATIONS 582 15.4.2 THE TOPOLOGY OF NETWORKS 583
15.4.3 THE TOPOLOGY OF DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS 584 15.5 AN EXAMPLE OF
CONSISTENCY CHECKING FOR A TERRAIN MODEL 586 15.5.1 TRIANGULATED
IRREGULAR NETWORK REPRESENTATION 586 15.5.2 REGULAR CELL REPRESENTATION
589 15.6 CONCLUSIONS ABOUT SPATIAL INDEXING AND INTEGRITY 590 15.7
BIBLIOGRAPHY 592 CONTENTS CHAPTER 16 HYPERMEDIA: MULTIMEDIA SPATIAL
INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND HYPERMAPS 594 16.1 HYPERDOCUMENTS 594 16.1.1
MULTIMEDIA SPATIALDATA 595 16.1.2 THE HYPERMAP CONCEPT 597 16.2
MULTIMEDIA IMAGE DATA , 600 16.2.1 IMAGE MODELLING 600 16.2.2 PHYSICAL
ENCODING 601 16.2.3 DYNAMIC IMAGE MODELS 604 16.2.4 PICTURE OBJECT
MODELLING FOR RETRIEVAL 604 16.3 ORGANIZATION OF COLLECTIONS OF MAPS AND
IMAGES 607 16.4 HYPERMAPS 612 16.4.1 SPATIAL REFERENCING OF
HYPERDOCUMENTS 612 16.4.2 SPATIAL QUERIES FOR RETRIEVING HYPERMAP NODES
613 16.4.3 ENCODING HYPERMAP SPATIAL REFERENCES BY PEANO RELATIONS 614
16.4.4 R-TREES AND MAP PYRAMIDS 614 16.4.5 NAVIGATION IN HYPERMAPS 616
16.5 SUMMARY 617 16.6 BIBLIOGRAPHY 618 CHAPTER 17 SPATIAL KNOWLEDGE:
INTELLIGENT SPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS 620 17.1 TOWARDS INTELLIGENT
SPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS 621 17.2 FROM RECORD-ORIENTED TO
OBJECT-ORIENTED DATABASES 621 17.2.1 RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES 622 17.2.2
CLASSES, SUBCLASSES AND INSTANCES 624 17.2.3 ATTRIBUTES AND DATA TYPES
626 17.2.4 INHERITANCE 628 17.2.5 LINKS BETWEEN CLASSES AND INSTANCES V
630 17.2.6 METHODS 631 17.3 UTILIZATION FOR GEOMATICS 632 17.4
OBJECT-ORIENTED DATABASES AND SPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS 635 17.5
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT SYSTEMS 639 17.5.1 FACTS AND RULES
639 17.5.2 GENERAL STRUCTURE OF AN EXPERT SYSTEM 641 17.5.3 INFERENCE
ENGINE 642 17.5.4 METARULES 644 17.6 SPATIAL KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
644 17.6.1 SPATIAL FACTS 645 17.6.2 SPATIAL RELATIONS 645 17.6.3 SPATIAL
METARULES 646 17.6.4 FUZZY SPATIAL KNOWLEDGE 646 17.6.5 SPATIAL
KNOWLEDGE FROM LOGICAL DEDUCTION 646 17.6.6 SPATIAL KNOWLEDGE DERIVED
FROM NUMERICAL FORMULAE 648 XIV CONTENTS 17.6.7 EXAMPLES OF SPATIAL
PROCESS REPRESENTATION 649 17.6.8 VISUAL KNOWLEDGE ENCODING 651 / 17.6.9
EXAMPLES IN SPATIAL KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING 653 17.7 SPATIAL REASONING IN
SPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS 657 17.7.1 LEARNING POSSIBILITIES 658 17.7.2
LOGICO-DEDUCTIVE AND SPATIAL REASONING 659 17.7.3 EXAMPLE OF DISTRICTING
660 17.8 SUMMARY . 665 17.9 BIBLIOGRAPHY 667 AFTERWORD 671 INDEX 673
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Laurini, Robert Thompson, Derek |
| author_facet | Laurini, Robert Thompson, Derek |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Laurini, Robert |
| author_variant | r l rl d t dt |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV017693279 |
| classification_rvk | RB 10239 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)264993093 (DE-599)BVBBV017693279 |
| dewey-full | 307.12 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 307 - Communities |
| dewey-raw | 307.12 |
| dewey-search | 307.12 |
| dewey-sort | 3307.12 |
| dewey-tens | 300 - Social sciences |
| discipline | Soziologie Geographie |
| edition | 7. print. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV017693279 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:20:50Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0124383807 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-010637459 |
| oclc_num | 264993093 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29 DE-634 |
| owner_facet | DE-29 DE-634 |
| physical | XXIII, 680 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1999 |
| publishDateSearch | 1999 |
| publishDateSort | 1999 |
| publisher | Acad. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series | APIC series |
| series2 | APIC series |
| spelling | Laurini, Robert Verfasser aut Fundamentals of spatial information systems Robert Laurini and Derek Thompson 7. print. London [u.a.] Acad. Press 1999 XXIII, 680 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier APIC series 37 Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 gnd rswk-swf Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 s DE-604 Thompson, Derek Verfasser aut APIC series 37 (DE-604)BV035417988 37 HEBIS Datenaustausch Darmstadt application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010637459&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Laurini, Robert Thompson, Derek Fundamentals of spatial information systems APIC series Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4261642-6 |
| title | Fundamentals of spatial information systems |
| title_auth | Fundamentals of spatial information systems |
| title_exact_search | Fundamentals of spatial information systems |
| title_full | Fundamentals of spatial information systems Robert Laurini and Derek Thompson |
| title_fullStr | Fundamentals of spatial information systems Robert Laurini and Derek Thompson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fundamentals of spatial information systems Robert Laurini and Derek Thompson |
| title_short | Fundamentals of spatial information systems |
| title_sort | fundamentals of spatial information systems |
| topic | Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geoinformationssystem |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010637459&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV035417988 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT laurinirobert fundamentalsofspatialinformationsystems AT thompsonderek fundamentalsofspatialinformationsystems |