Recommendations for the supply of energy and nutrients to goats: = Empfehlungen zur Energie- und Nährstoffversorgung der Ziegen
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| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English German |
| Published: |
Frankfurt am Main
DLG-Verl.
2003
|
| Series: | Energie- und Nährstoffbedarf landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere
9 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Literaturangaben |
| Physical Description: | 121 S. graph. Darst. : 21 cm |
| ISBN: | 3769006151 |
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Recommendations for the supply of energy and nutrients to goats |b = Empfehlungen zur Energie- und Nährstoffversorgung der Ziegen |c Ausschuss für Bedarfsnormen der Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie. [The authors: Winfried Drochner ... Red.: Walter Staudacker] |
| 246 | 1 | 1 | |a Empfehlungen zur Energie- und Nährstoffversorgung der Ziegen |
| 264 | 1 | |a Frankfurt am Main |b DLG-Verl. |c 2003 | |
| 300 | |a 121 S. |b graph. Darst. : 21 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Energie- und Nährstoffbedarf landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere |v 9 | |
| 500 | |a Literaturangaben | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Nutrient Requirements |2 cabt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Goats |2 cabt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Animal Nutrition |2 cabt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Goats |x Feeding and feeds | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Goats |x Nutrition |x Requirements | |
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Record in the Search Index
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Contents
Abbreviations 10
List of Tables and Figures 11
1 Introduction 15
References 18
2 Energetic feed evaluation and energy requirements 19
2.1 Calculation of energy in feeds 19
2.2 Energy requirements 21
2.2.1 Maintenance 21
2.2.2 Locomotion 24
2.2.3 Pregnancy 26
2.2.4 Lactation 27
2.2.5 Growth 31
2.2.5.7 Milk-fed kids 31
2.2.5.2 Ruminating kids 34
2.3 Feed intake 39
References 42
3 Requirements and supply of crude protein 49
3.1 Factors for deriving net requirements of protein 50
3.1.1 Endogenous losses of N 50
3.1.2 N losses via the skin 51
3.1.3 Accretion of body protein 51
3.1.4 lntrauterine deposition of protein 51
Contents
3.1.5 Milk protein 52
3.2 Derivation of protein requirements 52
3.2.1 Milk protein required in pre-ruminant kids 52
3.2.2 Quantities of crude protein utilisable at the duode- 53
num required
3.3 Flux of crude protein utilisable at the duodenum and 54
ruminai nitrogen balance
3.4 Protein requirements of ruminating goats 56
3.5 Feeding trials and balance studies with varying dietary of 61
crude protein supply to goats
3.5.1 Lactation 61
3.5.1.1 Varying dietary crude protein concentration 61
3.5.1.2 Varying degradability of dietary crude 62
protein in the fore-stomachs
3.5.2 Growth 63
3.5.2.1 Pre-ruminant kids 63
3.5.2.2 Ruminating goats 64
References 64
4 Major elements 67
4.1 Derivation of net requirements of major elements 67
4.7.7 Inevitable losses 68
4.7.2 Secretion of major elements in milk 69
4.7.3 Intra-uterine deposition of major elements 70
4.7.4 Accretion of major elements during growth 71
4.2 Efficiency of utilisation of dietary major elements 73
4.2.7 Milk-fed kids 73
4.2.2 Ruminating kids 73
4.3 Summary of factors for major minerals 75
4.4 Guidelines for the supply of major elements to goats 76
References 80
5 Trace elements 83
5.1 Manganese (Mn) 84
5.2 Zinc (Zn) 85
5.3 Iron (Fe) 85
5.4 Copper (Cu) 86
Lonients
5.5 Iodine (I) 86
5.6 Cobalt (Co) 87
5.7 Selenium (Se) 87
5.8 Final remarks 88
References 89
6 Vitamins 91
6.1 Fat-soluble vitamins 91
6.2 Water-soluble vitamins 94
References 95
7 Diet selection and its impact on rumen fermentation 97
7.7 Factors affecting diet selection 97
7.7. Z Pasture 97
7.7.2 Stall-feeding 99
7.2 Physical structure and cell wall constituents in feeds 100
References 101
8 Water 105
8.1 Water in products 106
8.7.7 Conceptus 106
8.7.2 Milk 106
8.1.3 Gain of body weight 107
8.2 Losses of water 108
8.2.1 Faecal water 108
8.2.2 Urine 109
8.2.3 Evaporation of water 112
8.3 Sources of water 113
8.3.1 Metabolic water 113
8.3.2 Water intake 115
8.3.2.1 Water contained in feeds 116
8.3.2.2 Drinking water 117
8.4 Factors affecting intake of drinking water 118
References 119
List of Tables and Figures
Table 1.1 Statistics concerning food production by use of ruminants in
1999 (from FAO 2001)
15
Table 2.1 Fasting heat production (FHP) in adult goats 21
Table 2.2 Maintenance requirements of ME (MEm) in goats derived by 22
regression analysis
Table 2.3 Energy balances of Japanese native goats fed closely to mainte- 23
nance
Table 2.4 Maintenance requirements of ME in goats of varying body 24
weight
Table 2.5 Energy cost of walking distances varying in horizontal and verti- 25
cal extension by goats varying in body weight
(MJ ME ¦ d"T)
Table 2.6 Development of foetuses and derived ME requirements for for- 27
mation of conceptus in the last third of pregnancy in goats
Table 2.7 Concentrations of energy and organic components in goat milk 28
Table 2.8 ME requirements for formation of milk in goats 30
Table 2.9 Recommended ME supply for dairy goats in different productive 31
stages
Table 2.10 Body composition of milk fed kids 32
Table 2.11 Assumed accretions of protein, fat and energy in milk fed kids 33
Table 2.12 Total ME requirements of milk fed kids (MJ/d) 33
Table 2.13 Body composition of ruminating kids 34
Table 2.14 Assumed accretions of protein, fat and energy in ruminating 36
male kids
Table 2.15 Assumed accretions of protein, fat and energy in ruminating 37
female and castrated kids
Table 2.16 Recommended energy supply of ruminating kids (MJ ME/d) 38
Table 2.17 Dry matter intake by pregnant goats Ikg/d) necessary for mee- 39
ting the requirements expressed in Table 2.9 with different con-
centrations of ME
Table 2.18 Dry matter intake by lactating goats (kg/d) necessary for meeting 40
the requirements expressed in Table 2.9 with different concen-
trations of ME
Table 2.19 Dry matter intake by growing kids (kg/d) necessary for meeting 41
the requirements expressed in Table 2.16 with different concen-
trations of ME
List of Tables and Figures
Table 3.1
Table 3.2
Table 3.3
Table 3.4
Table 3.5
Table 3.6
Table 4.1
Table 4.2
Table 4.3
Table 4.4
Table 4.5
Table 4.6
Table 4.7
Table 4.8
Table 4.9
Table 5.1
Table 6.1
Table 6.2
Crude protein requirements of milk-fed kids differing in weight
and weight gain
Two formulas for estimating nXP (LEBZIEN et al. 1996, GfE
2001)
Derivation of recommendations for supply of utilisable crude pro-
tein at the duodenum (nXP) to dairy goats differing in milk yield
Recommendations for supply of utilisable crude protein at the
duodenum (nXP) to ruminating growing kids differing in sex
Ratio between nXP and ME in rations of dairy goats fed accor-
ding to the recommendations of Table 3.3
Ratio between nXP and ME resulting for growing kids from the
recommendations of Table 3.4
Concentrations of major minerals in goat milk (g/kg)
Estimated deposition of major minerals in twin foetuses of goats
in the last third of pregnancy (g/d)
Concentrations of major minerals in the empty body of milk fed
male kids of the White German Improved Goat (g/kg)
Concentrations of major minerals in empty bodies of ruminating
kids of the White German Improved Goat (g/kg)
Factors for deriving recommendations for the supply of major
minerals to goats
Recommendations for the supply of dairy goats with major mine-
rals (g/d)
Recommended supply of major minerals to growing ruminating
goats (g/d)
Concentration of major minerals in the ration necessary for
covering the requirements of dairy goats (g/kg DM)
Concentration of major minerals in the ration necessary for
covering the requirements of ruminating kids (g/kg DM)
Marginal and recommended concentrations of trace elements in
rations for goats (mg/kg DM)
Recommended supply of vitamins A and D to dairy goats accor-
ding to NRC (1981) in International Units per animal and day
Recommended supply of vitamins A and D to growing kids
according to NRC (1981) in International Units per animal and
53
55
56
57
59
60
70
71
72
72
75
76
77
78
79
84
92
93
List of Tables and Figures
Table 7.1 Dietary overlap (% of TFT) between goats and other herbivorous 97
species foraging on a thornbush savannah during three seasons
(RUTAGWENDA et al. 1990)
Table 7.2 Composition of dry matter of offered and ingested Napier grass 99
and pigeon pea foliage (g/kg DM) when stall-fed to lactating Tog-
genburg goats at a level of about 200 % of voluntary intake
(BROWN et al. 1988)
Table 8.1 Deposition of water in foetuses and membranes, calculated from 106
Table 2.6 for goats pregnant with twins
Table 8.2 Assumed accretion of water in gain of body weight by rumina- 107
ting kids
Table 8.3 Derived quantities of faecal water and urine in dairy goats fed 110
according to Table 4.6 on rations containing 2 g Na and 30 g K
per kg DM
Table 8.4 Estimated quantities of faecal water and urine in ruminating kids 111
fed according to Table 4.7 on rations containing 2 g Na and 30 g
K/kgDM
Table 8.5 Physiological oxidation of some end-products of digestion as a 114
source of metabolic water
Table 8.6 Estimated formation of metabolic water in dairy goats fed accor- 115
ding to Table 2.9 (g water/d)
Table 8.7 Estimated water balances (kg/d) in dairy goats fed according to 116
Table 4.6 on rations containing 2 g Na and 30 g K/kg DM and
given water ad lib.
Figure 8.1 Water intake with feeds diffenng in their dry matter concentra- 117
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| id | DE-604.BV017514818 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-10-14T14:07:26Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)2051125-5 |
| isbn | 3769006151 |
| language | English German |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-010547936 |
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| owner_facet | DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-1029 DE-11 DE-188 DE-Eb1 |
| physical | 121 S. graph. Darst. : 21 cm |
| publishDate | 2003 |
| publishDateSearch | 2003 |
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| publisher | DLG-Verl. |
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| series | Energie- und Nährstoffbedarf landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere |
| series2 | Energie- und Nährstoffbedarf landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere |
| spelling | Recommendations for the supply of energy and nutrients to goats = Empfehlungen zur Energie- und Nährstoffversorgung der Ziegen Ausschuss für Bedarfsnormen der Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie. [The authors: Winfried Drochner ... Red.: Walter Staudacker] Empfehlungen zur Energie- und Nährstoffversorgung der Ziegen Frankfurt am Main DLG-Verl. 2003 121 S. graph. Darst. : 21 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Energie- und Nährstoffbedarf landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere 9 Literaturangaben Nutrient Requirements cabt Goats cabt Animal Nutrition cabt Goats Feeding and feeds Goats Nutrition Requirements Nährstoffbedarf (DE-588)4131596-0 gnd rswk-swf Ziege (DE-588)4128660-1 gnd rswk-swf Kalorienbedarf (DE-588)4272512-4 gnd rswk-swf Ziege (DE-588)4128660-1 s Kalorienbedarf (DE-588)4272512-4 s Nährstoffbedarf (DE-588)4131596-0 s DE-604 Drochner, Winfried 1943- Sonstige (DE-588)106803387 oth Staudacker, Walter Sonstige oth Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie der Haustiere Ausschuss für Bedarfsnormen Sonstige (DE-588)2051125-5 oth Energie- und Nährstoffbedarf landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere 9 (DE-604)BV002342986 9 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010547936&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Recommendations for the supply of energy and nutrients to goats = Empfehlungen zur Energie- und Nährstoffversorgung der Ziegen Energie- und Nährstoffbedarf landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere Nutrient Requirements cabt Goats cabt Animal Nutrition cabt Goats Feeding and feeds Goats Nutrition Requirements Nährstoffbedarf (DE-588)4131596-0 gnd Ziege (DE-588)4128660-1 gnd Kalorienbedarf (DE-588)4272512-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4131596-0 (DE-588)4128660-1 (DE-588)4272512-4 |
| title | Recommendations for the supply of energy and nutrients to goats = Empfehlungen zur Energie- und Nährstoffversorgung der Ziegen |
| title_alt | Empfehlungen zur Energie- und Nährstoffversorgung der Ziegen |
| title_auth | Recommendations for the supply of energy and nutrients to goats = Empfehlungen zur Energie- und Nährstoffversorgung der Ziegen |
| title_exact_search | Recommendations for the supply of energy and nutrients to goats = Empfehlungen zur Energie- und Nährstoffversorgung der Ziegen |
| title_full | Recommendations for the supply of energy and nutrients to goats = Empfehlungen zur Energie- und Nährstoffversorgung der Ziegen Ausschuss für Bedarfsnormen der Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie. [The authors: Winfried Drochner ... Red.: Walter Staudacker] |
| title_fullStr | Recommendations for the supply of energy and nutrients to goats = Empfehlungen zur Energie- und Nährstoffversorgung der Ziegen Ausschuss für Bedarfsnormen der Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie. [The authors: Winfried Drochner ... Red.: Walter Staudacker] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recommendations for the supply of energy and nutrients to goats = Empfehlungen zur Energie- und Nährstoffversorgung der Ziegen Ausschuss für Bedarfsnormen der Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie. [The authors: Winfried Drochner ... Red.: Walter Staudacker] |
| title_short | Recommendations for the supply of energy and nutrients to goats |
| title_sort | recommendations for the supply of energy and nutrients to goats empfehlungen zur energie und nahrstoffversorgung der ziegen |
| title_sub | = Empfehlungen zur Energie- und Nährstoffversorgung der Ziegen |
| topic | Nutrient Requirements cabt Goats cabt Animal Nutrition cabt Goats Feeding and feeds Goats Nutrition Requirements Nährstoffbedarf (DE-588)4131596-0 gnd Ziege (DE-588)4128660-1 gnd Kalorienbedarf (DE-588)4272512-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Nutrient Requirements Goats Animal Nutrition Goats Feeding and feeds Goats Nutrition Requirements Nährstoffbedarf Ziege Kalorienbedarf |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010547936&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV002342986 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT drochnerwinfried recommendationsforthesupplyofenergyandnutrientstogoatsempfehlungenzurenergieundnahrstoffversorgungderziegen AT staudackerwalter recommendationsforthesupplyofenergyandnutrientstogoatsempfehlungenzurenergieundnahrstoffversorgungderziegen AT gesellschaftfurernahrungsphysiologiederhaustiereausschussfurbedarfsnormen recommendationsforthesupplyofenergyandnutrientstogoatsempfehlungenzurenergieundnahrstoffversorgungderziegen AT drochnerwinfried empfehlungenzurenergieundnahrstoffversorgungderziegen AT staudackerwalter empfehlungenzurenergieundnahrstoffversorgungderziegen AT gesellschaftfurernahrungsphysiologiederhaustiereausschussfurbedarfsnormen empfehlungenzurenergieundnahrstoffversorgungderziegen |