Tree and forest measurement: with 9 tables
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
2004
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Literaturverz. S. 147 - 151 |
| Physical Description: | XII, 167 S. graph. Darst. : 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 3540403906 |
Staff View
MARC
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
1 Introduction...................... 1
1.1 Scope of this Book.................. 1
1.2 Scale of Measurement................. 3
1.3 Why Measure Forests?................ 3
2 Measurements..................... 5
2.1 Measuring Things.................. 5
2.2 Accuracy, Bias and Precision.............. 6
2.2.1 Accuracy................... 7
2.2.2 Bias..................... 8
2.2.3 Precision.................... 9
2.3 Bias, Precision and the Value of Measurements....... 10
3 Stem Diameter..................... 13
3.1 Basis of Stem Diameter Measurement........... 13
3.2 Stem Cross-sectional Shape............... 14
3.3 Measuring Stem Diameter............... 15
3.4 Tree Irregularities and Stem Diameter........... 17
3.5 Bark Thickness................... 18
4 Tree Height...................... 19
4.1 Basis of Height Measurement.............. 19
4.2 Height by Direct Methods............... 20
4.3 Height by Trigonometric Methods............ 20
4.4 Height by Geometric Methods.............. 23
4.5 Height of Leaning Trees................ 24
X Contents
5 Stem Wood Volume................... 27
5.1 Reasons for Volume Measurement............ 27
5.2 Volume by Xylometry................. 28
5.3 Volume by Sectional Measurement............ 28
5.3.1 Sectional Volume Formulae............ 29
5.3.2 Tree Stem Shape................ 30
5.3.3 Sectional Measurement of Felled Trees........ 32
5.3.4 Sectional Measurement of Standing Trees....... 33
5.4 Volume by Importance or Centroid Sampling........ 34
6 Stem Volume and Taper Functions............ 39
6.1 Principles...................... 39
6.2 Stem Volume Functions................ 40
6.2.1 Total Volume Estimated from Diameter and Height ... 40
6.2.2 Volume Estimated from Diameter, Height and Taper . . . 44
6.2.3 Merchantable Stem Volume............ 45
6.3 Taper Functions................... ^6
6.3.1 Examples of Taper Functions............ 47
6.3.2 Using Taper Functions.............. 50
6.4 Developing Stem Volume and Taper Functions....... 54
7 Tree Biomass..................... 57
7.1 Reasons for Biomass Measurement............ 57
7.2 Biomass by Direct Measurement............. 58
7.2.1 Branches and Foliage............... 59
7.2.2 Stems..................... 60
7.2.3 Roots..................... 60
7.2.4 Carbon Content of Biomass............ 61
7.3 Biomass Estimation Functions.............. 62
7.3.1 Allometric Functions............... 63
7.3.2 Root Biomass Functions.............. 64
7.3.3 Leaf Biomass Functions.............. 65
7.3.4 Fine-root Biomass Functions............ 67
8 Stand Measurement................... 69
8.1 Stands and Why they are Measured............ 69
8.2 Measurements in Stands................ 70
8.3 Age........................ 70
Contents XI
8.4 Basal Area..................... 71
8.4.1 Plot Measurement................ 72
8.4.2 Point Sampling................. 72
8.4.3 Practicalities of Point Sampling........... 75
8.5 Stocking Density................... 78
8.6 Quadratic Mean Diameter............... 79
8.7 Dominant Height................... 79
8.7.1 Importance of Dominant Height........... 79
8.7.2 Measuring Dominant Height............ 80
8.8 Site Productive Capacity................ 81
8.9 Volume...................... 85
8.9.1 Plot Measurement................ 85
8.9.2 Point Sampling................. 87
8.10Biomass...................... 88
8.11 Stand Growth................... 88
9 Measuring Populations................. 93
9.1 Forest Inventory and Sampling............. 93
9.2 Subjective Versus Objective Sample Selection........ 94
9.3 Population Statistics................. 95
9.3.1 Measures of Central Tendency........... 95
9.3.2 Variance and Confidence Limits........... 96
9.4 Calculating the Population Statistics........... 96
10 Sampling Theory.................. 103
10.1 Sampling Techniques and their Efficiency........ 103
10.2 Sampling with Varying Probability of Selection...... 104
10.2.1 Population Estimates with Variable Probabilities . . . 104
10.2.2 Probability Proportional to Size......... 105
10.2.3 Probability Proportional to Prediction....... 109
10.3 Stratified Random Sampling............. 112
10.4 Model-based Sampling............... 114
10.4.1 Applying Model-based Sampling......... 114
10.5 Choosing the Sampling Technique........... 118
XII Contents
11 Conducting an Inventory............... 121
11.1 Objectives.................... 121
11.2 Stratification................... 122
11.3 Forest Area................... 123
11.4 Conduct of the Inventory.............. 124
11.5 Fixed-area Plot and Point Sampling.......... 126
11.6 Systematic Sampling................ 126
11.7 Measuring Plots.................. 127
11.7.1 Shape................... 128
11.7.2 Positioning................. 128
11.7.3 Size.................... 129
11.7.4 Edge Plots................. 130
11.7.5 Measurement Errors.............. 130
11.8 Conclusion.................... 131
12 The Plane Survey.................. 133
12.1 Mapping.................... 133
12.2 Survey Example................. 134
12.3 Conducting the Survey............... 134
12.4 Calculating the Survey Results............ 136
12.5 Plotting the Surveyed Area as Part of a Map....... 141
12.6 Area of a Surveyed Region............. 142
12.7 Global Positioning System.............. 144
References...................... 147
Appendix 1 Glossary.................. 153
Appendix 2 Conversion Factors............. 159
Appendix 3 The Greek Alphabet............. 161
Appendix 4 Basic Trigonometry............. 163
Index........................ 165
|
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| author | West, Philip W. 1948- |
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| bvnumber | BV017448315 |
| callnumber-first | S - Agriculture |
| callnumber-label | SD555 |
| callnumber-raw | SD555 |
| callnumber-search | SD555 |
| callnumber-sort | SD 3555 |
| callnumber-subject | SD - Forestry |
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| classification_tum | FOR 500f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)249214220 (DE-599)BVBBV017448315 |
| dewey-full | 634.9285 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 634 - Orchards, fruits, forestry |
| dewey-raw | 634.9285 |
| dewey-search | 634.9285 |
| dewey-sort | 3634.9285 |
| dewey-tens | 630 - Agriculture and related technologies |
| discipline | Biologie Forstwissenschaft Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV017448315 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:18:07Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3540403906 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-010510966 |
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| physical | XII, 167 S. graph. Darst. : 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2004 |
| publishDateSearch | 2004 |
| publishDateSort | 2004 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | West, Philip W. 1948- Verfasser (DE-588)128413069 aut Tree and forest measurement with 9 tables P. W. West Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2004 XII, 167 S. graph. Darst. : 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. 147 - 151 Mathematisches Modell (DE-588)4114528-8 gnd rswk-swf Wald (DE-588)4064354-2 gnd rswk-swf Dendrometrie (DE-588)4410002-4 gnd rswk-swf Vermessung (DE-588)4063048-1 gnd rswk-swf Waldinventur (DE-588)4064394-3 gnd rswk-swf Wald (DE-588)4064354-2 s Vermessung (DE-588)4063048-1 s Mathematisches Modell (DE-588)4114528-8 s Dendrometrie (DE-588)4410002-4 s DE-604 Waldinventur (DE-588)4064394-3 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010510966&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | West, Philip W. 1948- Tree and forest measurement with 9 tables Mathematisches Modell (DE-588)4114528-8 gnd Wald (DE-588)4064354-2 gnd Dendrometrie (DE-588)4410002-4 gnd Vermessung (DE-588)4063048-1 gnd Waldinventur (DE-588)4064394-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4114528-8 (DE-588)4064354-2 (DE-588)4410002-4 (DE-588)4063048-1 (DE-588)4064394-3 |
| title | Tree and forest measurement with 9 tables |
| title_auth | Tree and forest measurement with 9 tables |
| title_exact_search | Tree and forest measurement with 9 tables |
| title_full | Tree and forest measurement with 9 tables P. W. West |
| title_fullStr | Tree and forest measurement with 9 tables P. W. West |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tree and forest measurement with 9 tables P. W. West |
| title_short | Tree and forest measurement |
| title_sort | tree and forest measurement with 9 tables |
| title_sub | with 9 tables |
| topic | Mathematisches Modell (DE-588)4114528-8 gnd Wald (DE-588)4064354-2 gnd Dendrometrie (DE-588)4410002-4 gnd Vermessung (DE-588)4063048-1 gnd Waldinventur (DE-588)4064394-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Mathematisches Modell Wald Dendrometrie Vermessung Waldinventur |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010510966&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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