Introduction to biomedical imaging:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Piscataway, NJ
IEEE Press
2003
Hoboken, NJ Wiley-Interscience |
| Series: | IEEE Press series on biomedical engineering
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | XIII, 252 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0471237663 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
1. X Ray Imaging and Computed Tomography 1
1.1. General Principles of Imaging with X Rays / 1
1.2. X Ray Production / 2
1.2.1. The X Ray Source / 3
1.2.2. X Ray Tube Current, Tube Output, and
Beam Intensity / 5
1.2.3. The X Ray Energy Spectrum / 7
1.3. Interactions of X Rays with Tissue / 9
1.3.1. Coherent Scattering / 9
1.3.2. Compton Scattering / 9
1.3.3. The Photoelectric Effect / 11
1.4. Linear and Mass Attenuation Coefficients of X Rays
in Tissue / 12
1.5. Instrumentation for Planar X Ray Imaging / 15
1.5.1. Collimators / 15
1.5.2. Antiscatter Grids / 15
1.5.3. Intensifying Screens / 17
1.5.4. X Ray Film / 19
1.5.5. Instrumentation for Computed and
Digital Radiography / 20
1.6. X Ray Image Characteristics / 22
1.6.1. Signal to Noise Ratio / 22
1.6.2. Spatial Resolution / 23
1.6.3. Contrast to Noise Ratio / 25
1.7. X Ray Contrast Agents / 26
1.8. X Ray Imaging Methods / 28
1.8.1. X Ray Angiography / 28
v
W CONTENTS
1.8.2. X Ray Fluoroscopy / 29
1.8.3. Dual Energy Imaging / 31
1.9. Clinical Applications of X Ray Imaging / 32
1.9.1. Mammography / 32
1.9.2. Abdominal X Ray Scans / 33
1.10. Computed Tomography / 34
1.10.1. Scanner Instrumentation / 35
1.10.2. Detectors for Computed Tomography / 37
1.11. Image Processing for Computed Tomography / 38
1.11.1. Preprocessing Data Corrections / 39
1.11.2. The Radon Transform and
Backprojection Techniques / 39
1.11.3. Fan Beam Reconstructions / 40
1.11.4. Iterative Algorithms / 41
1.12. Spiral/Helical Computed Tomography / 43
1.13. Multislice Spiral Computed Tomography / 45
1.14. Radiation Dose / 47
1.15. Clinical Applications of Computed Tomography / 48
1.15.1. Cerebral Scans / 48
1.15.2. Pulmonary Disease / 49
1.15.3. Abdominal Imaging / 49
Exercises / 50
Further Reading / 56
2. Nuclear Medicine 57
2.1. General Principles of Nuclear Medicine / 57
2.2. Radioactivity / 59
2.3. The Production of Radionuclides / 60
2.4. Types of Radioactive Decay / 61
2.5. The Technetium Generator / 63
2.6. The Biodistribution of Technetium Based Agents
within the Body / 65
2.7. Instrumentation: The Gamma Camera / 66
2.7.1. Collimators / 66
2.7.2. The Scintillation Crystal and
Coupled Photomultiplier Tubes / 69
2.7.3. The Anger Position Network and
the Pulse Height Analyzer / 71
2.8. Image Characteristics / 73
2.8.1. Signal to Noise Ratio / 73
2.8.2. Spatial Resolution / 74
2.8.3. Contrast to Noise Ratio / 74
2.9. Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography / 75
2.9.1. Instrumentation for SPECT / 76
CONTENTS VH
2.9.2 Scatter and Attenuation Correction / 77
2.9.3. Image Reconstruction / 79
2.10. Clinical Applications of Nuclear Medicine / 80
2.10.1. Brain Imaging / 80
2.10.2. Bone Scanning and Tumor Detection / 82
2.10.3. Cardiac Imaging / 84
2.10.4. The Respiratory System / 86
2.10.5. The Liver and Reticuloendothelial System / 87
2.10.6. Renal Imaging / 88
2.11. Positron Emission Tomography / 89
2.11.1. General Principles / 89
2.11.2. Radionuclides Used for PET / 90
2.11.3. Instrumentation for PET / 91
2.11 A. Image Reconstruction / 94
2.11.5. Image Characteristics / 97
2.11.6. Multislice and Three Dimensional PET Imaging / 98
2.11.7. Clinical Applications of PET / 99
Exercises / 102
Further Reading / 104
3. Ultrasonic Imaging 107
3.1. General Principles of Ultrasonic Imaging / 107
3.2. Wave Propagation and Characteristic
Acoustic Impedance / 108
3.3. Wave Reflection and Refraction /111
3.4. Energy Loss Mechanisms in Tissue / 113
3.4.1. Absorption / 113
3.4.2. Scattering / 115
3.4.3. Attenuation / 115
3.5. Instrumentation / 116
3.5.1. Single Crystal Transducers / 117
3.5.2. Transducer Arrays / 125
3.5.3. Beam Forming and Time Gain Compensation / 128
3.6. Diagnostic Scanning Modes / 131
3.6.1. A Mode, M Mode, and B Mode Scans / 131
3.6.2. Three Dimensional Imaging / 132
3.7. Artifacts in Ultrasonic Imaging / 133
3.8. Image Characteristics / 134
3.8.1. Signal to Noise Ratio / 134
3.8.2. Spatial Resolution / 135
3.8.3. Contrast to Noise Ratio / 135
3.9. Compound Imaging / 135
3.10. Blood Velocity Measurements Using Ultrasound / 136
3.10.1. The Doppler Effect / 136
ViH CONTENTS
3.10.2. Continuous Wave Doppler Measurements / 138
3.10.3. Pulsed Mode Doppler Measurements / 140
3.10.4. Color Doppler/B Mode Duplex Imaging / 142
3.10.5. Time Domain Correlation/Color
Velocity Imaging / 143
3.11. Ultrasound Contrast Agents, Harmonic Imaging, and
Pulse Inversion Techniques / 145
3.12. Safety and Bioeffects in Ultrasonic Imaging / 147
3.13. Clinical Applications of Ultrasound / 148
3.13.1. Obstetrics and Gynecology / 148
3.13.2. Breast Imaging / 148
3.13.3. Musculoskeletal Structure / 150
3.13.4. Cardiac Disease / 150
Exercises / 151
Further Reading / 153
4. Magnetic Resonance Imaging 157
4.1. General Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging / 157
4.2. Nuclear Magnetism / 158
4.2.1. Quantum Mechanical Description / 158
4.2.2. Classical Description / 162
4.2.3. Radiofrequency Pulses and
the Rotating Reference Frame / 163
4.2.4. Spin Lattice and Spin Spin Relaxation / 167
4.2.5. Measurement of Tt and T2: Inversion Recovery and
Spin Echo Sequences / 170
4.2.6. Signal Demodulation, Digitization, and
Fourier Transformation / 172
4.3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging / 174
4.3.1. Slice Selection / 176
4.3.2. Phase Encoding / 178
4.3.3. Frequency Encoding / 178
4.3.4. The £ Space Formalism / 179
4.4. Instrumentation / 182
4.4.1. Magnet Design / 183
4.4.2. Magnetic Field Gradient Coils / 184
4.4.3. Radiofrequency Coils / 186
4.5. Imaging Sequences / 189
4.5.1. Spin Echo Imaging Sequences / 189
4.5.2. T and ^ Weighted Imaging Sequences / 190
4.5.3. Multislice Imaging / 193
4.5.4. Rapid Gradient Echo Sequences and
Three Dimensional Imaging / 193
CONTENTS IX
4.5.5. Echo Planar Imaging / 196
4.5.6. Spiral Imaging / 197
4.6. Image Characteristics / 198
4.6.1. Signal to Noise Ratio / 198
4.6.2. Spatial Resolution / 199
4.6.3. Contrast to Noise Ratio / 199
4.7. MRI Contrast Agents / 199
4.7.1. Paramagnetic Agents / 200
4.7.2. Superparamagnetic Agents / 201
4.8. Magnetic Resonance Angiography / 202
4.8.1. Time of Flight Methods / 202
4.8.2. Phase Contrast Methods / 203
4.9. Diffusion Weighted Imaging / 205
4.10. In Vivo Localized Spectroscopy / 206
4.11. Functional MRI / 208
4.12. Clinical Applications of MRI / 210
4.12.1. Brain / 211
4.12.2. Liver and the Reticuloendothelial System / 212
4.12.3. Musculoskeletal System / 212
4.12.4. Cardiac System / 213
Exercises / 214
Further Reading / 216
5. General Image Characteristics 220
5.1. Introduction / 220
5.2. Spatial Resolution / 220
5.2.1. The Point Spread Function / 220
5.2.2. Resolution Criteria / 222
5.2.3. The Line Spread Function and
Edge Spread Function / 223
5.2.4. The Modulation Transfer Function / 224
5.3. Signal to Noise Ratio / 225
5.3.1. The Poisson Distribution / 225
5.3.2. Signal Averaging / 227
5.4. Contrast to Noise Ratio / 228
5.5. Image Filtering / 229
5.6. The Receiver Operating Curve / 231
Appendix A. The Fourier Transform 233
A.I. Introduction / 233
A.2. Fourier Transformation of Time Domain / 233
A.2.1. Useful Properties of the Fourier Transform / 235
X CONTENTS
Appendix B. Backprojection and Filtered Backprojection 237
B.I. Introduction / 237
B.2. Backprojection / 238
B.3. Filtered Backprojection / 239
Abbreviations 245
Index 247
|
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| spelling | Webb, Andrew Verfasser (DE-588)142993379 aut Introduction to biomedical imaging Andrew Webb Piscataway, NJ IEEE Press 2003 Hoboken, NJ Wiley-Interscience XIII, 252 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier IEEE Press series on biomedical engineering Includes bibliographical references and index Bioengenharia larpcal Diagnóstico por imagem larpcal Imagerie médicale Biomedical Engineering Diagnostic Imaging Imaging systems in medicine Bildgebendes Verfahren (DE-588)4006617-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Bildgebendes Verfahren (DE-588)4006617-4 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010441335&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Webb, Andrew Introduction to biomedical imaging Bioengenharia larpcal Diagnóstico por imagem larpcal Imagerie médicale Biomedical Engineering Diagnostic Imaging Imaging systems in medicine Bildgebendes Verfahren (DE-588)4006617-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4006617-4 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | Introduction to biomedical imaging |
| title_auth | Introduction to biomedical imaging |
| title_exact_search | Introduction to biomedical imaging |
| title_full | Introduction to biomedical imaging Andrew Webb |
| title_fullStr | Introduction to biomedical imaging Andrew Webb |
| title_full_unstemmed | Introduction to biomedical imaging Andrew Webb |
| title_short | Introduction to biomedical imaging |
| title_sort | introduction to biomedical imaging |
| topic | Bioengenharia larpcal Diagnóstico por imagem larpcal Imagerie médicale Biomedical Engineering Diagnostic Imaging Imaging systems in medicine Bildgebendes Verfahren (DE-588)4006617-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bioengenharia Diagnóstico por imagem Imagerie médicale Biomedical Engineering Diagnostic Imaging Imaging systems in medicine Bildgebendes Verfahren Einführung |
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