Dosimetry for food irradiation:
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Vienna
2002
|
| Series: | Technical reports series / International Atomic Energy Agency
409 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | 161 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9201155026 |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Technical reports series / International Atomic Energy Agency |v 409 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Food |x Preservation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Ionizing radiation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Irradiated foods | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Radiation dosimetry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Radiation preservation of food | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804130126040924160 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Dosimetry for food irradiation
Autor:
Jahr: 2002
CONTENTS
1. GENERAL ASPECTS OF FOOD IRRADIATION ................. 1
1.1. Introduction............................................ 1
1.2. Codex Alimentarius provisions ............................ 2
1.3. International trade aspects ................................ 3
1.4. Advisory technological dose limits ......................... 4
1.4.1. Applications at low dose levels (10 Gy-1 kGy) .......... 6
1.4.2. Applications at medium dose levels (1-10 kGy).......... 6
1.4.3. Applications at high dose levels (10-100 kGy)........... 7
1.5. Need for dosimetry...................................... 7
1.6. Objectives............................................. 8
1.7. Scope................................................. 8
2. FUNDAMENTALS OF DOSIMETRY........................... 9
2.1. Introduction............................................ 9
2.2. Absorbed dose ......................................... 10
2.3. Interaction of radiation with matter......................... 12
2.3.1. Physical aspects of radiation absorption ................ 12
2.3.2. Depth-dose distribution............................. 14
2.3.3. Electron equilibrium ............................... 18
2.4. Dosimetry systems ...................................... 21
2.4.1. Classes of dosimeter ............................... 21
2.4.2. Characterization of dosimetry systems ................. 22
2.4.2.1. Calibration ................................ 23
2.4.2.2. Traceability................................ 24
2.4.2.3. Batch homogeneity.......................... 27
2.4.2.4. Uncertainty in dose measurement .............. 27
2.4.2.5. Influence quantities.......................... 27
2.5. Selection criteria for routine dosimeters ..................... 28
2.6. Uncertainty in dosimetry ................................. 28
2.7. Use of dosimeters....................................... 31
3. IRRADIATOR DESIGN CONCEPTS ........................... 32
3.1. Introduction............................................ 32
3.2. Criteria for irradiator design............................... 33
3.3. Selection of radiation source .............................. 36
3.3.1. Gamma rays...................................... 36
3.3.2. Electrons......................................... 37
3.3.3. Bremsstrahlung (X rays) ............................ 38
3.3.4. Dose distribution in the product....................... 40
3.4. Specific irradiator designs ................................ 41
3.4.1. Radionuclide source irradiators....................... 42
3.4.1.1. Stationary irradiators ........................ 43
3.4.1.2. One direction multipass irradiators ............. 43
3.4.1.3. Two direction multipass irradiators (product
overlap irradiators).......................... 44
3.4.1.4. Other irradiator concepts ..................... 47
3.4.2. Accelerator irradiators.............................. 49
3.4.2.1. Stationary type accelerator irradiators ........... 50
3.4.2.2. One direction one pass irradiators .............. 50
3.4.2.3. Two direction two pass irradiators ............. 51
3.4.2.4. Beam scanning and dose uniformity ............ 52
4. PROCESS VALIDATION..................................... 53
4.1. General ............................................... 53
4.2. Product qualification..................................... 54
4.3. Facility qualification..................................... 54
4.3.1. General ......................................... 54
4.3.2. Characterization of the facility........................ 55
4.3.2.1. Radionuclide source irradiators ................ 55
4.3.2.2. Accelerator irradiators ....................... 57
4.3.2.3. Dosimetry systems .......................... 59
4.3.3. Reference dose mapping ............................ 59
4.3.3.1. Radionuclide source irradiators ................ 60
4.3.3.2. Accelerator irradiators ....................... 61
4.3.4. System variability ................................. 63
4.4. Process qualification..................................... 65
4.4.1. Objectives........................................ 65
4.4.2. Product dose mapping .............................. 66
4.4.2.1. Special process loads ........................ 67
4.4.3. Verification process ................................ 68
4.4.4. Process parameters................................. 69
4.4.5. Reference dosimetry location......................... 72
4.5. Documentation and certification ........................... 72
5. FACILITY OPERATION AND PROCESS CONTROL.............. 73
5.1. General ............................................... 73
5.2. Facility operation ....................................... 74
5.3. Process control ......................................... 76
5.3.1. Process parameters................................. 77
5.3.2. Routine product dosimetry........................... 78
5.3.3. Product control.................................... 80
5.3.4. Process interruption................................ 81
5.4. Food irradiation and HACCP.............................. 81
5.5. Product release and certification ........................... 82
6. DOSIMETRY SYSTEMS ..................................... 83
6.1. General ............................................... 83
6.2. Calibration and audit services ............................. 84
6.2.1. The National Institute of Standards
and Technology (USA) ............................. 85
6.2.2. The National Physical Laboratory (UK)................ 85
6.2.3. The International Dose Assurance Service
of the IAEA ...................................... 85
6.3. Primary standard dosimetry systems ........................ 86
6.3.1. Ionization chambers................................ 86
6.3.2. Calorimetry ...................................... 86
6.4. Reference standard dosimetry systems....................... 87
6.4.1. Ferrous sulphate (Fricke) dosimetry ................... 88
6.4.2. Alanine-EPR dosimetry............................. 89
6.4.3. Ceric-cerous sulphate dosimetry ...................... 89
6.4.4. Dichromate dosimetry .............................. 89
6.4.5. Ethanol-chlorobenzene dosimetry ..................... 90
6.5. Transfer standard dosimetry systems........................ 90
6.6. Routine dosimetry systems................................ 91
6.6.1. Clear PMMA dosimetry............................. 92
6.6.2. Dyed PMMA dosimetry............................. 92
6.6.3. Radiochromic dye systems .......................... 92
6.7. Other systems ......................................... 93
6.7.1. Polyvinyl chloride dosimetry......................... 94
6.7.2. Thermoluminescence dosimetry ...................... 94
6.7.3. Label dosimetry ................................... 94
APPENDIX I: DOSIMETRY PROCEDURES: FRICKE AND PMMA...... 97
1.1. Introduction.............................. 97
1.2. Ferrous sulphate (Fricke) dosimetry....................... 97
1.3. Amber PMMA dosimetry.............................. }03
APPENDIX II: CALIBRATION OF SPECTROPHOTOMETERS ......... 105
II. 1. Introduction.................................. jog
11.2. Wavelength check............................ jgg
11.3. Absorbance (optical density) scale check .................... 107
REFERENCES ................................................ m
ANNEX I: PRACTICAL IRRADIATOR DESIGNS .................... 125
1-1. Radionuclide irradiators................. 125
1-2. Accelerator irradiators ................. 131
ANNEX II: DOSIMETRY REQUIREMENTS AND APPLICATIONS:
A CHECKLIST........................................ j36
II—1. Introduction............................. 13g
II—2. Dosimetry requirements................... 135
II—3. Dosimetry applications................... 137
II-4. Training.............................. 13g
BIBLIOGRAPHY.............................................. 14]
A. List of relevant ASTM standards.................... 141
B. List of ICGFI publications........................ 144
C. Publications relating to food irradiation issued by the IAEA
under the auspices of ICGFI............. 145
GLOSSARY.......................................... 147
CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW........... 161
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:16:04Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9201155026 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-010415515 |
| oclc_num | 51485299 |
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| owner | DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM |
| owner_facet | DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM |
| physical | 161 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2002 |
| publishDateSearch | 2002 |
| publishDateSort | 2002 |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Technical reports series / International Atomic Energy Agency |
| spelling | Dosimetry for food irradiation International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna 2002 161 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Technical reports series / International Atomic Energy Agency 409 Food Preservation Ionizing radiation Irradiated foods Radiation dosimetry Radiation preservation of food Dosimetrie (DE-588)4127470-2 gnd rswk-swf Lebensmittelbestrahlung (DE-588)4167034-6 gnd rswk-swf Lebensmittelbestrahlung (DE-588)4167034-6 s Dosimetrie (DE-588)4127470-2 s DE-604 International Atomic Energy Agency Technical reports series 409 (DE-604)BV000022590 409 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010415515&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Dosimetry for food irradiation Food Preservation Ionizing radiation Irradiated foods Radiation dosimetry Radiation preservation of food Dosimetrie (DE-588)4127470-2 gnd Lebensmittelbestrahlung (DE-588)4167034-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4127470-2 (DE-588)4167034-6 |
| title | Dosimetry for food irradiation |
| title_auth | Dosimetry for food irradiation |
| title_exact_search | Dosimetry for food irradiation |
| title_full | Dosimetry for food irradiation International Atomic Energy Agency |
| title_fullStr | Dosimetry for food irradiation International Atomic Energy Agency |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dosimetry for food irradiation International Atomic Energy Agency |
| title_short | Dosimetry for food irradiation |
| title_sort | dosimetry for food irradiation |
| topic | Food Preservation Ionizing radiation Irradiated foods Radiation dosimetry Radiation preservation of food Dosimetrie (DE-588)4127470-2 gnd Lebensmittelbestrahlung (DE-588)4167034-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Food Preservation Ionizing radiation Irradiated foods Radiation dosimetry Radiation preservation of food Dosimetrie Lebensmittelbestrahlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010415515&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000022590 |