Understanding enterprise, entrepreneurship, and small business:
A uniquely comprehensive and accessible guide to the key facts, ideas, theories, and thinking about enterprise and entrepreneurship, this text considers their relationship to small businesses and discusses the methods that are taken to promote them. Outlining the importance of the small business sec...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York
Palgrave Macmillan
2003
|
| Edition: | 2. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Publisher description Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Summary: | A uniquely comprehensive and accessible guide to the key facts, ideas, theories, and thinking about enterprise and entrepreneurship, this text considers their relationship to small businesses and discusses the methods that are taken to promote them. Outlining the importance of the small business sector and the activity of enterprise development, the authors discuss the meaning of enterprise, its perceived benefits, and the cultural, economic, and political influences which affect the behavior of individuals and groups. |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | XXIII, 520 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0333964993 033398465X |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804130034064031744 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
List of tables, figures, illustrations and cases vi
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xv
Introduction xxi
I THE CONCEPT OF ENTERPRISE
Introduction 1
1 Why talk about enterprise? 3
Introduction 4
The passion for enterprise 4
2 What does enterprise mean? 21
Introduction 22
Examples of enterprise usage 23
Narrow and broad meanings of enterprise 31
Other aspects of enterprise 42
In conclusion 43
3 Enterprise in individuals 52
Introduction 53
Why are some individuals more enterprising than others? 59
Personality theories 59
Economic approaches 73
Sociological approaches 74
Cognitive approaches 75
Behavioural theories 79
Entrepreneurial profiling and enterprise prediction 85
An integrated approach 85
Gender and ethnicity 86
Postscript 95
4 Enterprise: the external influences 105
Introduction 106
iii
Contents
Cultural, political and economic conditions 110
Demand factors 126
Supply factors 128
Government or other interventions 129
Equilibrium rates 130
Integrated theory 131
In conclusion 140
5 Other aspects of enterprise 146
Introduction 147
Some perceptions of enterprise 148
Other enterprise connotations 152
Social enterprise 157
The advantages and disadvantages of enterprise 163
The future of enterprise 167
II ENTERPRISE AND SMALL BUSINESS
Introduction 177
6 Small business: definitions, characteristics and needs 179
Introduction 180
Definitions 181
The entrepreneur or the business 184
The stages of (small) business development 188
The varieties of small businesses 209
The implications of being small 221
In conclusion 223
7 Distinctive features of small businesses 228
Introduction 229
Section A The features of small businesses 230
Section B The features of small entrepreneurs 251
In conclusion 262
8 Business growth 267
Introduction why growth? 268
Some statistics on growth 270
The dimensions of growth 271
The components of growth 272
The entrepreneur motivation and aspiration 276
The business 281
The external environment 285
Targeting growth 292
In conclusion 295
9 Small is beautiful: entrepreneurship in the bigger business 300
Introduction 301
Entrepreneurship in bigger businesses 301
iv
Contents
Corporate entrepreneurship 305
When smaller is an advantage 329
In conclusion 334
III PROMOTING ENTERPRISE
Introduction 341
10 Why intervene? 343
Introduction what is intervention? 344
Why intervene? the motivations 344
Why intervene? the justification 349
Why not? the arguments against intervention 363
Intervention exists 366
11 Theories, models and assumptions (that might guide intervention) 378
Introduction 379
Approach 380
Early stages entrepreneurship development 380
Later stages business development 384
A hierarchy of needs model 387
Hard and soft 390
Research and insight 392
The other view the perspective of the individual 395
12 Intervention methods (objectives, structures and approaches) 401
Introduction 402
Enterprise, entrepreneurship and small business policies 403
Objectives 405
Structures for intervention 410
Approaches 417
Areas of intervention 423
Forms of assistance 438
Making a choice 455
13 Intervention evaluation and results 472
Introduction 473
Requirements 474
Methods 477
Problems 481
Results: the current state of knowledge 485
In conclusion 497
AFTERWORD
14 Science, art or magic? 509
Index 512
V
LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES,
ILLUSTRATIONS AND CASES
TABLES
1.1 Composition of the European business stock, 1998 8
1.2 Self employed and employers in the UK, 1951 2001 9
1.3 Reasons for the re emergence of small scale enterprise 9
2.1 Summary of approaches to describing entrepreneurship 35
2.2 Entrepreneurial or enterprising attributes 37
2.3 Influences on the development of entrepreneurial ideas and
ambitions at different stages of life 38
2.4 The focus of learning 40
2.5 Entrepreneurial vs corporatist management: some contrasts 40
3.1 Change management competencies ¦ 81
3.2 Attributes and resources, and how they are acquired 83
3.3 Employment and self employment by occupation in the UK, 1998 91
3.4 Ethnic sponsorship as a sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) 94
4.1 Key differences between collectivist and individualist societies 117
4.2 Correlations between measures of entrepreneurial activity and
economic growth 136
4.3 Interpretation of components of the GEM conceptual model 138
5.1 Autonomous and community entrepreneurs compared 163
6.1 Three dimensions of habitual entrepreneurship 187
6.2 The five stages of business growth 189
6.3 The self employment spectrum 196
6.4 The four dimensions of management development 197
6.5 Barriers and incentives to training 197
6.6 An analysis of a start up business 200
6.7 Business survival rates: percentage of enterprises surviving
after one, two and five years, by country 208
6.8 The actions, priorities and challenges in the commercialisation
process 210
6.9 Different criteria by which family businesses have been defined 212
6.10 Advantages and disadvantages of family controlled businesses 216
7.1 Debt structure by country (percentage of total borrowings) 238
vi
List of Tables, Figures, Illustrations and Cases
7.2 Small business problems 242
8.1 Yardsticks for business growth 272
8.2 Some of the influences on a business 274
8.3 Management weakness as a constraint on growth: internal barriers
to growth (percentage of respondents citing factor as important) 284
8.4 Constraints on small business growth 291
9.1 Categories of loosening and coupling mechanisms 322
9.2 The old and new paradigms at Baxi Heating 324
9.3 A motivational framework 325
10.1 Objectives of small firm policy 348
10.2 A view of market imperfections, their causes and the actions needed 351
10.3 Variations in business start up rates across the UK (as indicated by
VAT registrations per 10,000 resident adult population in 2000) 358
11.1 Schema of small business intervention strategies 385
11.2 The Brigadoon economy: change over six years 394
12.1 UK government SME policies 419
12.2 Policy fields and instruments 420
12.3 A taxonomy of enterprise initiatives 421
12.4 The Dirty Dozen 427
12.5 Implemented and planned national actions in Europe to support
SMEs, 1997 1999 453
13.1 Major UK small business policy questions 475
13.2 Profile of entrepreneurs and enterprises using external advice 491
FIGURES
1.1 UK unemployment (millions), 1950 2000 6
2.1 The components of enterprise culture 39
3.1 The role of innovation 57
3.2 Possible models of the distribution of entrepreneurial attributes 59
3.3 Three types of small business owner 73
3.4 Framework for identifying enterprise competency 80
3.5 Attributes and resources model 83
3.6 Intentions model of entrepreneurial potential (simplified) 85
4.1 Possible influences on the level of enterprising behaviour 107
4.2 Impact of external influences on enterprise 110
4.3 Summary model: key features associated with entrepreneurship
initiation 114
4.4 The triangle of enterprise 122
4.5 Demand side determinants of entrepreneurship 127
4.6 Total Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) by country 135
4.7 Necessity entrepreneurship and 2002 projected growth in GDP 136
4.8 GEM conceptual model (the total process) 137
4.9 Perceived opportunities, capacity and motivation indices 139
6.1 Small business paths from conception to death 190
vii
List of Tables, Figures, Illustrations and Cases
6.2 Growth process as reflected in possible growth paths 191
6.3 Diverse trajectories of a cohort of businesses 191
6.4 Model of new enterprise formation 193
6.5 Vickery s model 194
6.6 Another stages model 194
6.7 Entrepreneurial success 195
6.8 The resource/credibility merry go round 201
6.9 Types of business termination 208
6.10 Sustainable family business model 218
7.1 Early stage small business finance 240
7.2 The ingredients of failure 245
7.3 The layers of the small business support network 254
8.1 Influences on a business 273
8.2 Nature of the path to growth 273
8.3 Management factors and stages 280
9.1 Manager mindset and behaviour for innovation 326
11.1 A hierarchy of enterprise needs 388
12.1 Linking entrepreneurship and economic growth 405
12.2 Enterprise policy analysis framework 423
12.3 Where to apply limited resources to maximise the benefits returned 432
ILLUSTRATIONS
1.1 The right to a job 4
1.2 The bare facts for the UK, as set down by Charles Handy in 1984 6
1.3 Contracting out 10
2.1 Enterprise 22
2.2 Enterprise and happiness 42
3.1 Ethnic community support 93
4.1 The importance of context 107
4.2 From An Eclectic Theory of Entrepreneurship 109
4.3 Mental programming 111
4.4 Culture and learning 113
4.5 Cultural reinforcement 115
4.6 Entrepreneurship and culture 116
4.7 Ethnic or social networks 120
4.8 Employment: the system and the individual 124
4.9 The unwelcome entrepreneur 125
4.10 Variations in start up rates 141
5.1 Devalued enterprise 151
5.2 Learned helplessness 156
5.3 Network capitalism 157
5.4 The contributions of social enterprises 158
6.1 Some official definitions of a small business 181
6.2 Starring a business 195
uiii
List of Tables, Figures, Illustrations and Cases
7.1 The failed plan 237
8.1 Previous academic approaches to understanding small
business growth 275
8.2 Breakout by ethnic entrepreneurs 283
9.1 The Ten Commandments of innovation 305
9.2 Who is the intrapreneur? 315
9.3 The rules of the new economy 329
10.1 Policy rationale 1: an OECD view 350
10.2 A low take up of small business support 353
10.3 Policy rationale 2: an OECD view 356
10.4 Influence through the educational system 361
10.5 An analogy? 365
10.6 Four main objectives in SME policy pursued by EU member states 367
11.1 Does location matter in Israel and Ireland? 391
12.1 The common objectives of small firm policy 406
12.2 Government policies are not adequately promoting
entrepreneurship 410
12.3 The UK Small Business Service (SBS) 411
12.4 Letter from the Chief Executive of the Small Business Service to
the Business Links Network 413
12.5 Issues relevant to an entrepreneurship policy, according to the
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 425
12.6 Setting up a private limited liability company 428
12.7 Enterprise education 430
12.8 Public sector initiatives for high tech businesses 434
12.9 Population subgroups 437
12.10 The Cruickshank Review 440
12.11 The Social Investment Task Force 445
12.12 Government initiatives for deprived areas 446
12.13 LETS (Local Exchange Trading Systems) 448
12.14 Graduates and small businesses 450
12.15 New developments in SME policy in Europe 454
13.1 The difference between appraisal and evaluation 474
13.2 Monitoring and evaluation 476
13.3 The Macnamara fallacy 477
13.4 Economic appraisals 480
13.5 Two types of evaluation 481
13.6 A negative effect of grants 487
13.7 The evidence of businesses 497
CASES
1.1 A view of Birch 16
2.1 Pathfinder initiatives: 1 25
2.2 The E in TEC 26
ix
List of Tables, Figures, Illustrations and Cases
2.3 Pathfinder initiatives: 2 46
3.1 One person s summary of what makes an entrepreneur 60
3.2 An achiever 65
3.3 An entrepreneur 84
3.4 Two enterprising people? 97
4.1 Different structures for enterprise 118
4.2 A history of regional difference 119
4.3 A study of political conditions 122
4.4 From An Eclectic Theory of Entrepreneurship 131
4.5 Enterprise in Wales 142
5.1 However... 149
5.2 Sustainable livelihoods 159
9.1 New products at 3M 319
9.2 The dot.com phenomenon 332
10.1 Small business growth stunted by reluctance to seek advice 355
10.2 The rationale for an industrial policy 369
11.1 The start up failure myth 393
12.1 Scotland s birthrate strategy 408
12.2 A letter from David Irwin, Chief Executive of the Small Business
Service, to the Institute of Business Advisers and others 457
12.3 EU and OECD perspectives 461
13.1 Two guides to evaluation 477
13.2 Why workers in smaller businesses are less likely to
receive training 493
13.3 A view on Training and Enterprise Councils 494
13.4 Measuring performance: the trends, indicators and outcomes
observed by Anders Lundstrom and Lois Stevenson 499
x
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Bridge, Simon O'Neill, Ken Cromie, Stan |
| author_facet | Bridge, Simon O'Neill, Ken Cromie, Stan |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)249392810 (DE-599)BVBBV017173334 |
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| dewey-search | 338.7 338.7 21 |
| dewey-sort | 3338.7 |
| dewey-tens | 330 - Economics |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV017173334 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:14:36Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0333964993 033398465X |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2003053568 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-010352047 |
| oclc_num | 249392810 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-521 DE-522 |
| owner_facet | DE-521 DE-522 |
| physical | XXIII, 520 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2003 |
| publishDateSearch | 2003 |
| publishDateSort | 2003 |
| publisher | Palgrave Macmillan |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Bridge, Simon Verfasser aut Understanding enterprise, entrepreneurship, and small business Simon Bridge ; Ken O'Neill ; Stan Cromie 2. ed. New York Palgrave Macmillan 2003 XXIII, 520 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index A uniquely comprehensive and accessible guide to the key facts, ideas, theories, and thinking about enterprise and entrepreneurship, this text considers their relationship to small businesses and discusses the methods that are taken to promote them. Outlining the importance of the small business sector and the activity of enterprise development, the authors discuss the meaning of enterprise, its perceived benefits, and the cultural, economic, and political influences which affect the behavior of individuals and groups. Bedrijfskunde gtt Kleinbedrijf gtt Ondernemerschap gtt Unternehmen Entrepreneurship Small business Business enterprises Entrepreneurship -- Great Britain Small business -- Great Britain Business enterprises -- Great Britain Management (DE-588)4037278-9 gnd rswk-swf Klein- und Mittelbetrieb (DE-588)4031031-0 gnd rswk-swf Unternehmensentwicklung (DE-588)4125011-4 gnd rswk-swf Unternehmer (DE-588)4061949-7 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien Klein- und Mittelbetrieb (DE-588)4031031-0 s Management (DE-588)4037278-9 s DE-604 Unternehmer (DE-588)4061949-7 s Unternehmensentwicklung (DE-588)4125011-4 s 1\p DE-604 O'Neill, Ken Verfasser aut Cromie, Stan Verfasser aut http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/hol032/2003053568.html Publisher description HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010352047&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Bridge, Simon O'Neill, Ken Cromie, Stan Understanding enterprise, entrepreneurship, and small business Bedrijfskunde gtt Kleinbedrijf gtt Ondernemerschap gtt Unternehmen Entrepreneurship Small business Business enterprises Entrepreneurship -- Great Britain Small business -- Great Britain Business enterprises -- Great Britain Management (DE-588)4037278-9 gnd Klein- und Mittelbetrieb (DE-588)4031031-0 gnd Unternehmensentwicklung (DE-588)4125011-4 gnd Unternehmer (DE-588)4061949-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4037278-9 (DE-588)4031031-0 (DE-588)4125011-4 (DE-588)4061949-7 |
| title | Understanding enterprise, entrepreneurship, and small business |
| title_auth | Understanding enterprise, entrepreneurship, and small business |
| title_exact_search | Understanding enterprise, entrepreneurship, and small business |
| title_full | Understanding enterprise, entrepreneurship, and small business Simon Bridge ; Ken O'Neill ; Stan Cromie |
| title_fullStr | Understanding enterprise, entrepreneurship, and small business Simon Bridge ; Ken O'Neill ; Stan Cromie |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding enterprise, entrepreneurship, and small business Simon Bridge ; Ken O'Neill ; Stan Cromie |
| title_short | Understanding enterprise, entrepreneurship, and small business |
| title_sort | understanding enterprise entrepreneurship and small business |
| topic | Bedrijfskunde gtt Kleinbedrijf gtt Ondernemerschap gtt Unternehmen Entrepreneurship Small business Business enterprises Entrepreneurship -- Great Britain Small business -- Great Britain Business enterprises -- Great Britain Management (DE-588)4037278-9 gnd Klein- und Mittelbetrieb (DE-588)4031031-0 gnd Unternehmensentwicklung (DE-588)4125011-4 gnd Unternehmer (DE-588)4061949-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bedrijfskunde Kleinbedrijf Ondernemerschap Unternehmen Entrepreneurship Small business Business enterprises Entrepreneurship -- Great Britain Small business -- Great Britain Business enterprises -- Great Britain Management Klein- und Mittelbetrieb Unternehmensentwicklung Unternehmer Großbritannien |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/hol032/2003053568.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010352047&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bridgesimon understandingenterpriseentrepreneurshipandsmallbusiness AT oneillken understandingenterpriseentrepreneurshipandsmallbusiness AT cromiestan understandingenterpriseentrepreneurshipandsmallbusiness |