Baltic Sea ports and Russian foreign trade: studies in the economic and political geography of transition
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Göteborg
2003
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| Schriftenreihe: | Publications / ed. by the Departments of Geography, Univ. of Göteborg : Series B
104 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | VII, 321 S.: graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9186472461 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Baltic Sea Ports and Russian Foreign Trade
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background 1
1.2. Aim of this study 2
1.3. Method
1.3.1. Collection of primary and secondary data 4
1.3.2. Secondary sources 7
1.3.3. Interviews 8
1.4. Delimitation s
1.4.1. Time 10
1.4.2. Geographical limitations: Russia and the Baltic Sea 11
1.5. Outline of the thesis 12
2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1. Introduction 17
2.2. Geopolitics with applications
2.2.1. Conceptions and their inherited meaning 17
2.2.2. Geopolitical changes and the Baltic states 18
2.2.3. The Russian containment of the Baltic states 21
2.2.4. The containment of Russia by the Baltic states 22
2.3. Roles of ports in an economic geographical context
2.3.1. A theoretical introduction to transport geography 24
2.3.2. Ports and corridor competitiveness 26
2.3.3. Possible Russian transport corridors to the West 31
2.3.4. Forced and necessary organisational changes 35
2.4. Actors in the international flow of trade
2.4.1. Actors in a (transit ) trade flow 40
2.4.2. Companies participating in international shipments 42
2.4.3. The marketing of a port 45
2.5. Organisational changes and trade restructuring 47
2.6. Connecting influential factors to port and trade development 49
3. THE RUSSIAN ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHIC CONTEXT
3.1. Introduction 51
3.2. Development during the 1990 s in different sectors
3.2.1. The political development process 51
3.2.2. The economic development process 52
3.2.3. The social development process 57
.. I ..
3.3. International economic relations 59
3.3.1. The Russian perspective 60
3.3.2. The EU perspective 62
3.3.3. Russian approaches to the possible WTO co operation and the EU 65
3.4. Natural resources
3.4.1. Development of world market prices 67
3.4.2. Oil resources 69
3.4.3. The transit of Russian oil and the Baltic Pipeline System (BPS). 73
3.4.4. Russian oil exports in the Baltic Sea direction 76
3.4.5. Other raw material resources 79
3.4.6. Chemical products 84
3.5. Russian transport infrastructure
3.5.1. Introduction 85
3.5.2. The Market for Transport Services in the Russian Federation 89
3.5.3. The rivalry for transit between Russian regions 91
3.5.4. Relations between the regions and the Federal Authorities 93
3.5.5. Russian infrastructure development for exports / imports 95
3.5.6. Alternative ports for export/import for the Russian Federation 98
3.6. Russian ports in the Baltic Sea area
3.6.1. Present handling in perspective 100
3.6.2. Common reasons to build new port capacity 103
3.6.3. Russian ports in the Gulf of Finland 107
3.7. The Russian North
3.7.1. Introduction 119
3.7.2. Major Barents ports and transport routes 121
3.8. (Transit ) Trade in the Russian North West region in March 2001
3.8.1. Introduction 128
3.8.2. Methodological aspects 130
3.8.3. The empirical results 131
3.8.4. The geography of inbound transit trade 138
3.9. Kaliningrad
3.9.1. The geography of the Kaliningrad Oblast 140
3.9.2. The ports of Kaliningrad Oblast 142
3.9.3. Ownership in the port 145
3.9.4. Possible explanations of Kaliningrad s low transit turnover 146
3.9.5. Modernisation projects in the port 149
3.9.6. Developments of future cargo flows 151
3.10. Outbound cargo transit through the Kaliningrad Oblast
3.10.1. Introduction 155
3.10.2. The empirical results 156
3.10.3. Composition of transit from other countries 162
3.10.4. Non port outbound transit through Kaliningrad Oblast 163
3.10.5. The influence of Lithuanian railway tariffs on transit to Kaliningrad 164
3.11. Summary 167
II
4. THE TRANSIT STATES
4.1. The Baltic states an introduction 169
4.2. Soviet / Russian influence on transport and ports in the Baltic states
4.2.1. The influence on ports of the Soviet heritage 170
4.2.2. Baltic ports in Soviet and transition times 173
4.2.3. Estimations of Russian transit costs 175
4.3. Sea borne trade in the Eastern Baltic during the 1990 s
4.3.1. Volumes of transit trade 179
4.3.2. Shipping in the Baltic Sea region during the 1990 s 181
4.3.3. Future room for manoeuvre for the Baltic states 183
4.4. Estonia as a transit country
4.4.1. Introduction 187
4.4.2. Estonian ports 189
4.4.3. Estonian transport infrastructure 191
4.4.4. Rail transport of transit cargoes 194
4.4.5. Estonian transit by oblasts 197
4.5. Latvia as a transit country
4.5.1. Introduction 200
4.5.2. Current transit trade in Latvia 203
4.5.3. Future perspectives for Latvian transit 206
4.5.4. Russian transit cargo in Latvia the setting 209
4.5.5. Russian transit cargo in Latvia the statistics 209
4.6. Lithuania as a transit country
4.6.1. Introduction 214
4.6.2. Transit ports in Lithuania 215
4.6.3. Lithuanian statistical problems 217
4.6.4. Calculations of cargo volumes 218
4.6.5. Categorisation of cargo volumes 220
4.7. Finland as a transit country
4.7.1. Transit trade through Finland 222
4.7.2. Other transit trade actors 226
4.8. Summary 227
5. SWEDISH TRADE WITH THE FSU1993 2001
5.1. Introduction
5.1.1. Background 229
5.1.2. The cargo studies 230
5.1.3. Method 231
5.1.4. Comparing the Port Survey and official statistics 232
5.2. The reliability of international trade statistics 234
5.3. Results
5.3.1. Historical perspective 237
5.3.2. Total absolute volumes 238
5.3.3 Total relative volumes 240
5.3.4. Non coastal, FSU countries 243
5.3.5. Trade by category 244
III
5.4. Category and country disaggregation
5.4.1. Volume of trade with Russia 246
5.4.2. Volume of trade with Estonia 248
5.4.3. Volume of trade with Latvia 250
5.4.4. Volume of trade with Lithuania 251
5.5. Regional Swedish unbalances
5.5.1. Regional unbalances for total trade 254
5.5.2. Swedish export 257
5.5.3. Imports 260
5.5.4. Imported Pulp wood volumes and the regional dimension 261
5.5.5. Scandinavian dependence on FSU pulp wood 264
5.6. Changes in the tonnage used 265
5.7. Summary 268
6. PROSPECTS FOR THE NEAR FUTURE
6.1. General situation 269
6.2. The transport sector
6.2.1. Effects on transport of the economic development 271
6.2.2. Russian ports in the Baltic Sea 273
6.2.3. Other Russian port alternatives 276
6.3. Non Russian alternatives
6.3.1. Baltic Sea region 277
6.3.2. Influence upon the position of the Nordic countries 278
6.3.3. The delicate balance 280
7. CONCLUSIONS
7.1. Introduction 283
7.2. Effects of the geopolitical situation 283
7.3. The geographical setting 285
7.4. A new setting for Russian foreign trade 286
7.5. The methodological lesson from studies of transit trade 289
7.6. Westernisation of Russian foreign trade 290
7.7. Russian (transit ) trade related to other countries 291
7.8. Sum up of geopolitical trade and transport geography 292
7.9. Future research 293
ABBREVIATIONS 294
LIST OF REFERENCES
Monographs and articles 297
Newspapers and other sources 307
Statistical Sources 312
Interviews and Conversation Partners 313
Internet Sources WWW 314
LIST OF APPENDICES 320
IV
List of Figures:
Figure 1.1. Outline of the thesis 13
Figure 1.2. Geographical coverage of empirical chapters 15
Figure 2.1. Interpretation of concepts within political geography 18
Figure 2.2. Relation between fixed and variable costs relative to distance 25
Figure 2.3. Generation of transport demand 27
Figure 2.4. External forces, influencing ports 28
Figure 2.5. Russian alternative transport corridors to the West 33
Figure 2.7. Aspects of free port competition 38
Figure 2.8. Actors and control points in a constructed Russian/CIS transit flow 41
Figure 2.9. Participants in international shipments 44
Figure 2.10. The conceptual relation between factors influencing the analysis 50
Figure 3.1. Share of Russian exports by countries of destination (1994 2001) 60
Figure 3.2. Value of Russian exports by countries of destination (1994 2001) 61
Figure 3.3. Raw material and oil price on the world market, monthly 68
Figure 3.4. Major oil pipelines, production areas and export terminals 71
Figure 3.5. Russian oil production, consumption and exports 1992 2002(mt) 73
Figure 3.6. Topologic map of railway distances between larger cities and ports 86
Figure 3.7. Existing and proposed Russian ports in the Gulf of Finland 108
Figure 3.8. Larger Cities and railways in the Russian North 120
Figure 3.9. Possible transit routes between Kaliningrad and Russia 142
Figure 4.1. Major ports in the Baltic states with rail and road connections 169
Figure 4.2. Handling of cargoes in Estonian ports (1000 tons) 188
Figure 4.3. Transport infrastructure in Estonia 192
Figure 4.4. Major Finnish ports and railway connections to Russia 225
Figure 5.1. Incongruities in official export / import reporting for 2001 235
Figure 5.2. Swedish imports in volume: Russia and Latvia 1993 1997 238
Figure 5.3. Swedish imports in volume: Estonia and Lithuania 1993 1997 239
Figure 5.4. Total Swedish FSU exports / imports in volume 1993 2001 240
Figure 5.5. Shares of total Swedish foreign trade with the FSU 1993 2001 241
Figure 5.6. Shares of total Swedish exports to the FSU 1993 2001 241
Figure 5.7. Shares of total Swedish imports from the FSU 1993 2001 252
Figure 5.8. Total Swedish exports / category to the FSU 1993 2001 244
Figure 5.9. Total Swedish imports / category from the FSU 1993 2001 245
Figure 5.10. Swedish exports / category to Russia 1993 2001 (1000 tons) 246
Figure 5.11. Swedish imports / category from Russia 1993 2001 (1000 tons) 247
Figure 5.12. Swedish exports / category to Estonia 1993 2001 (1000 tons) 248
Figure 5.13. Swedish imports / category from Estonia 1993 2001 (1000 tons) 249
Figure 5.14. Swedish exports / category to Latvia 1993 2001 (1000 tons) 250
Figure 5.15. Swedish imports / category from Latvia 1993 2001 (1000 tons) 251
.. V
Figure 5.16. Swedish exports / category to Lithuania 1993 2001 (1000 tons) 252
Figure 5.17. Swedish imports / category from Lithuania 1993 2001 (1000 tons) 253
Figure 5.18. Baltic Sea with ports in survey and Swedish transport areas 255
Figure 5.19. Shares of Swedish exports to the FSU/transport area 1993 2001 256
Figure 5.20. Shares of Swedish imports from the FSU/ transport area 1993 2001 257
Figure 5.21. Regular ferry connections Sweden FSU 2002 and 1998 258
Figure 6.1. Arbitrage between geopolitics and transport economy 281
List of Tables:
Table 3.1. Russian economic indicators 1992 2002 54
Table 3.2. Oil production in the FSU area 1940 2001 (mt) 70
Table 3.3. Foreign trade per capita in selected countries (USD; 2001) 96
Table 3.4. Turnover in larger Russian ports 2002 (1000 tons) 102
Table 3.5. Outbound cargoes from the Russian North West (March 2001) 131
Table 3.6. Main oblasts of origin for outbound cargoes (March 2001) 132
Table 3.7. Outbound Oil via the Russian North West (March 2001) 133
Table 3.8. Outbound Pulp wood from the Russian North West (March 2001) 134
Table 3.9. Outbound Coal from the Russian North West (March 2001) 135
Table 3.10. Outbound Bulk from the Russian North West (March 2001) 135
Table 3.11. Outbound Ore / Scrap from Russian North West (March 2001) 136
Table 3.12. Outbound Metals from the Russian North West (March 2001) 137
Table 3.13. Outbound General Cargo from Russian North West (March 2001) 138
Table 3.14. Inbound cargoes to the Russian North West (March 2001) 139
Table 3.15. Main destinations for inbound cargoes (March 2001) 140
Table 3.16. Handling in the ports of Kaliningrad, 1998 2002 (1000 tons) 144
Table 3.17. Regular shipping line connecting Kaliningrad in early 2003 145
Table 3.18. Cargo handling in Kaliningrad Oblast ports (1000 tons) 146
Table 3.19. Projects in federal target program for Kaliningrad until 2010 150
Table 3.20. Outbound transit in Kaliningrad Oblast (HI 2001; 1000 tons) 156
Table 3.21. Major origins of outbound transit in the Kaliningrad Oblast 157
Table 3.22. Russian Economic Regions as origins of outbound port transit 158
Table 3.23. Oblast origins of outbound Coal transit (1000 tons) 159
Table 3.24. Oblast origins of outbound Bulk transit (1000 tons) 160
Table 3.25. Oblast origins for outbound Metals transit (1000 tons) 160
Table 3.26. Oblast origins of outbound Oil and oil products transit (1000 tons) 161
Table 3.27. Oblast origin of outbound Wood transit (1000 tons) 161
Table 3.28. Oblast origins of outbound General Cargo transit (1000 tons) 162
Table 3.29. Countries transit volumes through Kaliningrad Oblast 162
Table 3.30. Outbound land transit in Kaliningrad Oblast (HI, 2001) 163
Table 3.31. Transit tariffs of Lithuanian railways for freight transit 165
Table 3.32. Freight tariffs through Lithuania in USD/ton (1996 2001) 166
VI
Table 4.1. Economic development in the Baltic states 1994 2002 170
Table 4.2. Turnover in larger FSU Ports in the Baltic Sea (1991 2001; mt) 172
Table 4.3. Oil and other cargoes in the turnover of major ports (1997 2001; mt) 180
Table 4.4. Cargo volumes through Estonian ports (1996 2001; mt) 189
Table 4.5. Storage capacity in Estonian ports (2001) 190
Table 4.6. Rail and road transported transit volumes in Estonia (mt) 193
Table 4.7. Outbound transit in Estonia by categories (March 2001) 196
Table 4.8. Inbound transit in Estonia by categories (March 2001) 196
Table 4.9. Outbound transit through Estonia by country (March 2001) 197
Table 4.10. Inbound transit through Estonia by country (March 2001) 197
Table 4.11. Outbound Russian transit by oblast of origin through Estonia 198
Table 4.12. Inbound Russian transit by oblast of destination (March 2001) 199
Table 4.13. Outbound Russian transit by category (March 2001) 199
Table 4.14. Inbound Russian transit by category (March 2001) 200
Table 4.15. Inbound / outbound transit by country March 2001 (1000 tons) 210
Table 4.16. Outbound transit volume per country and category (March 2001) 211
Table 4.17. Outbound oil transit through Latvia (March 2001) 212
Table 4.18. Outbound Fertiliser transit through Latvia (March 2001) 213
Table 4.19. Cargo Turnover for January March 2001 (1000 tons) 219
Table 4.20. Russian transit trade in larger Finnish ports 1998 and 2001 223
Table 4.21. Russian transit in Finnish ports by commodity 1998 and 2001 224
Table 5.1. Incongruities in official export / import reporting for 2001 236
Table 5.2. Swedish trade with the FSU selected years 1960 2001 237
Table 5.3. Swedish volume import / export ratio with FSU 1965 2001 243
Table 5.4. Volume of Swedish FSU import of pulp wood 1965 2001 (1000 m3) 262
Table 5.5. Swedish import of pulp wood 1993 2001 / area (1000 tons) 263
VII
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Brodin, Alf |
| author_facet | Brodin, Alf |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Brodin, Alf |
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| era | Geschichte 1992-2001 gnd Geschichte 1991-2001 gnd Geschichte 1993-2001 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1992-2001 Geschichte 1991-2001 Geschichte 1993-2001 |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Sverige och Baltikum - handelsförbindelser - historia - 1990-talet - sekelskiftet 2000 sao Sverige och Ryssland - handelsförbindelser - historia - 1990-talet - sekelskiftet 2000 sao Baltikum (DE-588)4004379-4 gnd Ostseeraum (DE-588)4137210-4 gnd Schweden (DE-588)4077258-5 gnd Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Sverige och Baltikum - handelsförbindelser - historia - 1990-talet - sekelskiftet 2000 Sverige och Ryssland - handelsförbindelser - historia - 1990-talet - sekelskiftet 2000 Baltikum Ostseeraum Schweden Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV017133002 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:14:07Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9186472461 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-010330422 |
| oclc_num | 186538943 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29 DE-N2 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-29 DE-N2 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-188 |
| physical | VII, 321 S.: graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2003 |
| publishDateSearch | 2003 |
| publishDateSort | 2003 |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Publications / ed. by the Departments of Geography, Univ. of Göteborg : Series B |
| spelling | Brodin, Alf Verfasser aut Baltic Sea ports and Russian foreign trade studies in the economic and political geography of transition Alf Brodin Göteborg 2003 VII, 321 S.: graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Publications / ed. by the Departments of Geography, Univ. of Göteborg : Series B 104 Zugl.: Göteborg, Univ., Diss., 2003 Geschichte 1992-2001 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1991-2001 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1993-2001 gnd rswk-swf Foreign trade - Russia shbe Hamnar - historia - Baltikum - 1990-talet - sekelskiftet 2000 sao Ports - Baltic countries shbe Ports - Russia shbe Transportgeografi - historia - Östersjöländerna - 1990-talet - sekelskiftet 2000 sao Utrikeshandel - historia - Ryssland - 1990-talet - sekelskiftet 2000 sao Hafenwirtschaft (DE-588)4158722-4 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd rswk-swf Außenhandel (DE-588)4003832-4 gnd rswk-swf Seehafen (DE-588)4116455-6 gnd rswk-swf Sverige och Baltikum - handelsförbindelser - historia - 1990-talet - sekelskiftet 2000 sao Sverige och Ryssland - handelsförbindelser - historia - 1990-talet - sekelskiftet 2000 sao Baltikum (DE-588)4004379-4 gnd rswk-swf Ostseeraum (DE-588)4137210-4 gnd rswk-swf Schweden (DE-588)4077258-5 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Ostseeraum (DE-588)4137210-4 g Seehafen (DE-588)4116455-6 s Außenhandel (DE-588)4003832-4 s Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 s DE-604 Baltikum (DE-588)4004379-4 g Geschichte 1991-2001 z DE-188 Hafenwirtschaft (DE-588)4158722-4 s Geschichte 1992-2001 z Schweden (DE-588)4077258-5 g Geschichte 1993-2001 z ed. by the Departments of Geography, Univ. of Göteborg Publications Series B ; 104 (DE-604)BV008914788 104 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010330422&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Brodin, Alf Baltic Sea ports and Russian foreign trade studies in the economic and political geography of transition Foreign trade - Russia shbe Hamnar - historia - Baltikum - 1990-talet - sekelskiftet 2000 sao Ports - Baltic countries shbe Ports - Russia shbe Transportgeografi - historia - Östersjöländerna - 1990-talet - sekelskiftet 2000 sao Utrikeshandel - historia - Ryssland - 1990-talet - sekelskiftet 2000 sao Hafenwirtschaft (DE-588)4158722-4 gnd Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd Außenhandel (DE-588)4003832-4 gnd Seehafen (DE-588)4116455-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4158722-4 (DE-588)4066438-7 (DE-588)4003832-4 (DE-588)4116455-6 (DE-588)4004379-4 (DE-588)4137210-4 (DE-588)4077258-5 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Baltic Sea ports and Russian foreign trade studies in the economic and political geography of transition |
| title_auth | Baltic Sea ports and Russian foreign trade studies in the economic and political geography of transition |
| title_exact_search | Baltic Sea ports and Russian foreign trade studies in the economic and political geography of transition |
| title_full | Baltic Sea ports and Russian foreign trade studies in the economic and political geography of transition Alf Brodin |
| title_fullStr | Baltic Sea ports and Russian foreign trade studies in the economic and political geography of transition Alf Brodin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Baltic Sea ports and Russian foreign trade studies in the economic and political geography of transition Alf Brodin |
| title_short | Baltic Sea ports and Russian foreign trade |
| title_sort | baltic sea ports and russian foreign trade studies in the economic and political geography of transition |
| title_sub | studies in the economic and political geography of transition |
| topic | Foreign trade - Russia shbe Hamnar - historia - Baltikum - 1990-talet - sekelskiftet 2000 sao Ports - Baltic countries shbe Ports - Russia shbe Transportgeografi - historia - Östersjöländerna - 1990-talet - sekelskiftet 2000 sao Utrikeshandel - historia - Ryssland - 1990-talet - sekelskiftet 2000 sao Hafenwirtschaft (DE-588)4158722-4 gnd Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd Außenhandel (DE-588)4003832-4 gnd Seehafen (DE-588)4116455-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Foreign trade - Russia Hamnar - historia - Baltikum - 1990-talet - sekelskiftet 2000 Ports - Baltic countries Ports - Russia Transportgeografi - historia - Östersjöländerna - 1990-talet - sekelskiftet 2000 Utrikeshandel - historia - Ryssland - 1990-talet - sekelskiftet 2000 Hafenwirtschaft Wirtschaftsentwicklung Außenhandel Seehafen Sverige och Baltikum - handelsförbindelser - historia - 1990-talet - sekelskiftet 2000 Sverige och Ryssland - handelsförbindelser - historia - 1990-talet - sekelskiftet 2000 Baltikum Ostseeraum Schweden Russland Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010330422&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV008914788 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT brodinalf balticseaportsandrussianforeigntradestudiesintheeconomicandpoliticalgeographyoftransition |