Holdings: Relaxation phenomena

Relaxation phenomena: liquid crystals, magnetic systems, polymers, high-Tc superconductors, metallic glasses

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Bibliographic Details
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin Springer 2003
Subjects:	Relaxation, Phénomènes de chimie instrumentation matière condensée matériau mesure physique polymère relaxation Relaxation phenomena Relaxation
Online Access:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Item Description:	Includes bibliographical references and index
Physical Description:	xxx, 716 p. ill. : 25 cm
ISBN:	3540442693

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245	1	0	\|a Relaxation phenomena \|b liquid crystals, magnetic systems, polymers, high-Tc superconductors, metallic glasses \|c W. Haase, S. Wróbel (eds.)
264		1	\|a Berlin \|b Springer \|c 2003
300			\|a xxx, 716 p. \|b ill. : 25 cm
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650		7	\|a Relaxation, Phénomènes de \|2 ram
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700	1		\|a Haase, Wolfgang \|e Sonstige \|4 oth
700	1		\|a Wróbel, Stanisław \|e Sonstige \|4 oth
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adam_text	W.HAASE - S.WROBEL (EDS.) RELAXATION PHENOMENA LIQUID CRYSTALS, MAGNETIC SYSTEMS, POLYMERS, HIGH-T C SUPERCONDUCTORS, METALLIC GLASSES WITH 412 FIGURES AND 30 TABLES SPRINGER CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. RELAXATION PHENOMENA IN PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY 1 1 GENERAL REMARKS AND BASIC FORMULAS 1 2 SELECTED EXAMPLES 3 2.1 DIELECTRIC RELAXATION 3 2.2 RELAXATION PROCESSES IN MAGNETIC SYSTEMS 5 2.3 SPIN-SPIN AND SPIN-LATTICE RELAXATION 5 2.4 FAST CHEMICAL PROCESSES 6 2.5 NONLINEAR DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR 7 2.6 RELAXATION EFFECT IN ELECTROLYTES 8 3 TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAINS OF RELAXATION PROCESSES 8 REFERENCES 9 PART I EXPERIMENTAL METHODS FOR INVESTIGATING RELAXATION PHENOMENA IN CONDENSED MATTER 1 DIELECTRIC RELAXATION SPECTROSCOPY 13 1.1 FREQUENCY DOMAIN DIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPY 13 1.1.1 DIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPY OF MOLECULAR AND COLLECTIVE PROCESSES 13 COMPLEX DIELECTRIC PERMITTIVITY 13 DIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPY OF LIQUID CRYSTALS 14 1.1.2 MACROSCOPIC MODELS OF DIELECTRIC SPECTRA 15 DEBYE MODEL 15 COLE-COLE MODEL 20 HAVRILIAK NEGAMI MODEL 21 1.1.3 RELAXATION FUNCTION AND DIELECTRIC SPECTRA 22 1.1.4 DIELECTRIC SPECTROMETER 23 APPARATUS 23 SAMPLE AND CELL PREPARATION 23 VACUUM CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT 25 XII CONTENTS 1.1.5 A SIMPLE MODEL OF MAXWELL-WAGNER RELAXATION 27 TWO LAYER DIELECTRIC 27 SHDR PROCESS 30 1.1.6 DIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPY OF IONIC DIFFUSION 31 1.1.7 SUMMARY 32 REFERENCES 33 1.2 DIELECTRIC TIME DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY 35 1.2.1 INTRODUCTION 35 1.2.2 FOURIER TRANSFORMATION 36 1.2.3 SINGLE REFLECTION 37 1.2.4 THE TOTAL TRANSMISSION METHOD 40 1.2.5 THE OPEN CIRCUIT TOTAL REFLECTION METHOD 44 1.2.6 ADMITTANCE ANALYSIS AND BILINEAR CALIBRATION 46 1.2.7 CONCLUSION 50 REFERENCES 50 1.3 NONLINEAR DIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPY 51 1.3.1 INTRODUCTION 51 1.3.2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE NONLINEAR DIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPY , 53 1.3.3 NONLINEAR DIELECTRIC RELAXATION IN NON-INTERACTING DIPOLAR SYSTEMS 57 1.3.4 NONLINEAR DIELECTRIC RELAXATION DUE TO CHEMICAL RATE PROCESSES IN LIQUIDS 60 1.3.5 SUMMARY 70 REFERENCES 70 1.4 DIELECTRIC RELAXATION PROCESSES IN CONDENSED MATTER UNDER PRESSURE 71 1.4.1 USEFULNESS OF HIGH PRESSURE STUDIES AND THE EQUATION OF STATE 71 1.4.1.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF PHASE DIAGRAMS 71 1.4.1.2 PVT MEASUREMENTS . 73 1.4.1.3 ENTROPY SEPARATION 74 1.4.1.4 VOLUME DEPENDENCE OF THE CLEARING LINE 75 1.4.1.5 DENSITY DEPENDENCIES OF THE DIELECTRIC RELAXATION AND THE ORDER PARAMETER 75 1.4.2 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 75 1.4.3 DIELECTRIC RELAXATION AND ACTIVATION QUANTITIES 78 1.4.4 SELECTED RESULTS 80 1.4.5 SUMMARY 84 REFERENCES 84 2 DYNAMIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MAGNETIC SYSTEMS 89 2.1 DYNAMIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PARAMAGNETIC AND EXCHANGE-COUPLED SPIN SYSTEMS ; . 89 2.1.1 INTRODUCTION ?. 89 CONTENTS XIII 2.1.2 MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY IN ALTERNATING MAGNETIC FIELD . . 90 2.1.2.1 REAL AND IMAGINARY COMPONENTS OF XAC 90 2.1.2.2 AC SUSCEPTOMETER 92 2.1.3 RELAXATION IN OSCILLATING MAGNETIC FIELD 92 2.1.4 RELAXATION PROCESSES IN PARAMAGNETS 95 2.1.4.1 SPIN-LATTICE RELAXATION 95 2.1.4.2 SPIN-SPIN RELAXATION 96 2.1.5 LONG-RANGE ORDERED MAGNETS 97 2.1.5.1 DYNAMICS OF DOMAIN WALLS 97 2.1.5.2 LOSS MECHANISMS 98 2.1.6 SOME EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FOR FERRO-, FERRI- AND ANTIFERROMAGNETS 99 2.1.6.1 FERRITES 99 2.1.6.2 HARD MAGNETS 101 2.1.6.3 RARE EARTH METALS 101 2.1.6.4 WEAK MAGNETS 104 2.1.7 SPIN-GLASSES AND SPIN-GLASS-LIKE MAGNETS 105 2.1.8 SUPERPARAMAGNETIC PARTICLES AND HIGH-SPIN MOLECULES . 108 2.1.9 SUMMARY 110 REFERENCES ILL 2.2 DYNAMIC SUSCEPTIBILITY IN HEAVY-FERMION SYSTEMS AND RELATED MATERIALS PROBED BY ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE 112 2.2.1 INTRODUCTION 112 2.2.2 ESR IN METALS 114 2.2.3 MICROSCOPIC PROBES FOR THE DYNAMIC SUSCEPTIBILITY .... 116 2.2.4 THE KONDO LATTICES CEM 2 X 2 119 2.2.4.1 HEAVY FERMI LIQUID AND INTERMEDIATE VALENCE. 120 2.2.4.2 COMPETITION OF MAGNETISM AND HEAVY FERMI LIQUID 123 2.2.5 KONDO INSULATORS 127 2.2.6 SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK 129 REFERENCES 132 3 RELAXATION PHENOMENA IN HIGH-T C SUPERCONDUCTORS: EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND RESULTS 137 3.1 INTRODUCTION 137 3.2 EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES 138 3.2.1 MOSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY 138 3.2.1.1 ISOMER SHIFT 140 3.2.1.2 QUADRUPOLE SPLITTING 140 3.2.1.3 MAGNETIC HYPERFINE FIELD 140 3.2.1.4 RELAXATION PHENOMENA 141 3.2.2 /I+SR SPECTROSCOPY 142 3.2.3 NEUTRON TECHNIQUES 144 3.2.3.1 NEUTRON DIFFRACTION 145 3.2.3.2 INELASTIC NEUTRON SCATTERING 145 XIV CONTENTS 3.3 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 146 3.3.1 LA2- A; SR A: CU04 COMPOUNDS 146 3.3.2 RBA2CU3C 6+D COMPOUNDS (R = RARE EARTH METALS AND Y) 148 3.3.3 YI_ X CAJ;BA2CU3O6+D COMPOUNDS 155 3.4 SUMMARY 157 REFERENCES 157 PART II RELAXATION PHENOMENA IN LIQUID CRYSTALS 4 NON-CHIRAL CALAMITIC LIQUID CRYSTALS 163 4.1 INTRODUCTION TO DIELECTRIC RELAXATION IN ANISOTROPIC FLUIDS 163 4.1.1 ISOTROPIC FLUIDS 163 4.1.2 ANISOTROPIC FLUIDS 168 4.1.3 NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS 174 4.1.4 CONCLUSIONS 178 REFERENCES 180 4.2 MOLECULAR ROTATIONS IN LIQUID CRYSTALS ( AS SEEN BY THE DIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPY METHOD 181 4.2.1 INTRODUCTION 181 4.2.2 RIGID ROD-LIKE MOLECULES IN THE NEMATIC MEDIUM 183 4.2.3 LOW FREQUENCY RELAXATION PROCESS IN THE NEMATIC PHASE AND THE ORDER PARAMETER 185 4.2.4 MOLECULAR ROTATIONS AROUND THE LONG AXES. INFLUENCE OF MOLECULE FLEXIBILITY 192 4.2.5 RELAXATION IN THE SMECTIC PHASES 195 4.2.6 INFLUENCE OF PRESSURE ON THE RELAXATION PROCESSES IN LC PHASES 198 4.2.7 SUMMARY 202 REFERENCES 202 4.3 COMPUTER SIMULATIONS OF POLAR LIQUID CRYSTALS 204 4.3.1 INTRODUCTION 204 4.3.2 LIQUID CRYSTALLINE PHASES AND DIPOLAR ORDERING 205 4.3.3 MODELS OF INTERACTING LIQUID CRYSTALLINE MOLECULES 208 4.3.3.1 PAIR POTENTIALS FOR LIQUID CRYSTALLINE MOLECULES 209 4.3.3.2 GAY-BERNE PAIR POTENTIAL 211 4.3.4 COMPUTER SIMULATIONS WITH DIPOLES 216 4.3.4.1 EWALD SUMMATION TECHNIQUE FOR DIPOLAR INTERACTIONS 217 4.3.4.2 REACTION FIELD METHOD 219 4.3.4.3 FURTHER COMPUTATIONAL DETAILS 221 4.3.5 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS 221 CONTENTS XV 4.3.5.1 SINGLET DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS AND ORDER PARAMETERS 222 4.3.5.2 PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS 224 4.3.5.3 THREE-BODY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS 226 4.3.6 HARD PARTICLES WITH DIPOLES 227 4.3.7 DIPOLAR GAY-BERNE SYSTEMS 227 4.3.7.1 CENTRAL DIPOLE MOMENTS 228 4.3.7.2 INTERMEDIATE AND TERMINAL DIPOLE MOMENTS . . 231 4.3.8 TOWARDS REALISTIC SIMULATIONS 233 REFERENCES 233 4.4 DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLYSILOXANE DOPED WITH DICHROIC DYE 236 4.4.1 INTRODUCTION 236 4.4.2 PROBE PREPARATION AND THERMODYNAMICAL DATA 238 4.4.3 DIELECTRIC RELAXATION 242 4.4.3.1 EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE 242 4.4.3.2 DIELECTRIC RELAXATION IN PURE PS6 244 4.4.3.3 DIELECTRIC RELAXATION OF PS6 DOPED WITH DICHROIC DYE 248 4.4.3.4 DIELECTRIC RELAXATION PARAMETERS 250 4.4.4 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 252 REFERENCES 253 FERRO- AND ANTIFERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTALS 257 5.1 MODELING OF FERROELECTRIC AND ANTIFERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTALS . . . 257 5.1.1 INTRODUCTION 257 5.1.2 PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODELS OF FERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTALS 258 5.1.3 PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODELS OF ANTIFERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTALS 261 5.1.4 DISCRETE MODELS 263 5.1.5 DISCRETE PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODEL OF ANTIFERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTALS 265 5.1.5.1 INTRA-LAYER INTERACTIONS 265 5.1.5.2 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN NEAREST LAYERS (NN) .... 266 5.1.5.3 INTERACTIONS WITH NEXT NEAREST LAYERS (NNN) . 270 5.1.5.4 FREE ENERGY 271 5.1.5.5 STRUCTURES AND PHASE SEQUENCES 272 5.1.6 SUMMARY 273 REFERENCES 273 5.2 SWITCHING PROCESSES IN FERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTALS: THEORETICAL ASPECTS 274 5.2.1 INTRODUCTION 274 5.2.2 POLARIZATION REVERSAL IN THICK FILMS 275 XVI CONTENTS 5.2.2.1 NON-STATIONARY SOLUTION FOR APPLIED DC ELECTRIC FIELD 275 5.2.2.2 NON-STATIONARY SOLUTIONS FOR APPLIED AC ELECTRIC FIELD 276 5.2.3 HIGH FREQUENCY SWITCHING OF THE FERROELECTRIC WITH A DEFORMED HELIX 278 5.2.4 BISTABILITY IN CONFINED FERROELECTRIC FILMS 280 5.2.5 INCLINATIONS OF SMECTIC PLANES AND DISLOCATION WALLS . . . 283 5.2.6 FERROELECTRIC DOMAINS IN THE SMECTIC-C* FILMS 286 5.2.7 RELAXATION FREQUENCIES AND STRENGTHS OF THE DOMAIN MODES 288 5.2.7.1 RELAXATION FREQUENCIES OF THE BULK AND SURFACE MODES 288 5.2.7.2 RELAXATION STRENGTHS OF THE BULK AND SURFACE MODES 289 5.2.7.3 ELIMINATION OF THE FERROELECTRIC DOMAINS BY A STRONG FIELD 291 5.2.7.4 SURFACE ORIENTATIONAL RELAXATION IN THE FERROELECTRIC SMECTIC 291 5.2.8 PROBLEM OF HYSTERESIS-FREE ELECTRO-OPTICAL SWITCHING. . . . 293 5.2.8.1 OBSERVATIONS AND MODELS OF THE V-SHAPED ELECTRO-OPTICAL SWITCHING 293 5.2.8.2 BASIC EQUATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS 296 5.2.8.3 SWITCHING OF THE CELL WITH A LOW CONDUCTIVITY FLC AND AN ADDITIONAL LOW RESISTANCE 298 5.2.8.4 HYSTERESIS-FREE SWITCHING FOR HIGH FREQUENCY VOLTAGE APPLIED TO THE CELL 301 5.2.9 CONCLUSIONS 307 REFERENCES 308 5.3 DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF FERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTALS IN FINITE SAMPLES AND NEAR THE TRANSITIONS TO THE HEXATIC PHASES 309 5.3.1 INTRODUCTION 309 5.3.2 DIELECTRIC RESPONSE OF SMC* PHASE IN PLANAR SAMPLES. . 310 5.3.2.1 PHENOMENOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF HELICOIDAL AND TWISTED STRUCTURES 311 5.3.2.2 DYNAMIC DIELECTRIC RESPONSE 312 5.3.2.3 PINNED SMA PHASE 315 5.3.2.4 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 316 5.3.2.5 CONCLUSIONS 320 5.3.3 DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR OF FERROELECTRIC AND ANTIFERRO- ELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTALS NEAR THE TRANSITION TO THE HEXATIC PHASES 320 5.3.3.1 SIMPLE PHENOMENOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION 321 5.3.3.2 PROPERTIES OF MODES FOUND EXPERIMENTALLY IN FERROELECTRIC MATERIALS 327 CONTENTS XVII 5.3.3.3 TRANSITION TO THE HEXATIC PHASE IN ANTIFERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTALS 328 5.3.4 SUMMARY 330 REFERENCES 331 5.4 SYSTEMS WITH COMPETING SYNCLINIC-ANTICLINIC INTERACTIONS 332 5.4.1 INTRODUCTION 332 5.4.2 THEORETICAL MODELLING 333 5.4.2.1 FREE ENERGY 334 5.4.2.2 STABLE PHASES AND THEIR STRUCTURES 336 5.4.3 EXPERIMENT 341 5.4.3.1 PHASE TRANSITIONS 342 5.4.3.2 STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES 343 5.4.3.3 GENERAL PHASE DIAGRAM FOR THE ANTIFERROELECTRIC SYSTEM 352 5.4.4 COMPARISON OF THEORETICAL RESULTS AND EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS 353 5.4.5 CONCLUSIONS 358 REFERENCES 358 5.5 DIELECTRIC STUDY OF COLLECTIVE AND MOLECULAR DYNAMICS IN GLASS-FORMING CHIRAL LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT LIQUID CRYSTALS .... 361 5.5.1 INTRODUCTION 361 5.5.2 EXPERIMENTAL 362 5.5.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 363 5.5.4 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 374 REFERENCES 375 5.6 DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES AND SWITCHING PROCESSES IN FERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTALS BASED COMPOSITES 376 5.6.1 INTRODUCTION 376 5.6.2 MICROSTRUCTURES OF FLC BASED COMPOSITES 377 5.6.2.1 STRUCTURES AND PREPARATION OF MFLC 377 5.6.2.2 PREPARATION OF PDFLC FILMS AND STRUCTURES OF FLC DROPLETS 378 5.6.3 ELECTROOPTICS OF PDFLC FILMS 381 5.6.3.1 ELECTROOPTICAL MODULATION DUE TO ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLED LIGHT SCATTERING EFFECT 381 5.6.3.2 SATURATION VOLTAGE OF PDFLC FILMS 387 5.6.3.3 DYNAMICS OF ELECTROOPTIC RESPONSE OF PDFLC FILMS . . . 390 5.6.4 EFFECTS OF CONFINED GEOMETRY IN MFLC AND PDFLC ... 393 5.6.4.1 DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF MFLC, PDFLC AND BULK FLC 393 5.6.4.2 BASIC PARAMETERS OF CONFINED FLC S 396 5.6.5 SUMMARY 397 REFERENCES 398 XVIII CONTENTS 5.7 DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR OF PHASES FORMED BY BENT-SHAPED MOLECULES 400 5.7.1 INTRODUCTION 400 5.7.1.1 GENERAL REMARKS 400 5.7.1.2 DIELECTRIC MEASUREMENTS 403 5.7.2 THE B 1 PHASE 404 5.7.3 THE B 2 PHASE 407 5.7.4 THE CP A PHASE 412 5.7.5 THE B 3 PHASE 413 5.7.6 THE B 4 PHASE 414 5.7.7 THE B 5 PHASE 415 5.7.8 THE B 6 PHASE 416 5.7.9 THE B 7 PHASE 417 5.7.10 THE TRANSITION BETWEEN CLASSICAL AND BANANA PHASES .. 418 5.7.11 SUMMARY 420 REFERENCES 421 5.8 ELECTROOPTICAL STUDIES OF RELAXATION PROCESSES IN FERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTALS 422 5.8.1 INTRODUCTION 422 5.8.2 THE COUPLING BETWEEN THE ELECTRIC FIELD AND THE SPONTANEOUS POLARIZATION 423 5.8.2.1 DEFORMATION OF A HELICAL SMECTIC LIQUID CRYSTAL425 5.8.3 FERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTALS IN WEAK ELECTRIC FIELDS 427 5.8.3.1 DIELECTRIC RESPONSE 427 5.8.3.2 OPTICAL RESPONSE .428 5.8.3.3 CORRELATION BETWEEN THE DIELECTRIC AND ELECTROOPTIC RESPONSES 432 5.8.4 ANTIFERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTALS IN THE ELECTRIC FIELD .... 433 5.8.4.1 OPTICAL RESPONSE 434 5.8.4.2 ANGULAR DEPENDENCE 436 5.8.4.3 SEPARATION OF THE SECOND HARMONIC COMPONENTS 437 5.8.5 FREQUENCY DEPENDENCE 438 5.8.6 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 440 5.8.7 COMPARISON OF DIELECTRIC AND ELECTROOPTIC METHODS .... 441 5.8.8 SUMMARY 443 REFERENCES 443 5.9 INFRARED STUDIES OF THE ORIENTATIONAL ORDER AND DYNAMICS OF MOLECULES IN FERROELECTRIC AND ANTIFERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTALS . . 445 5.9.1 INTRODUCTION 445 5.9.2 DETERMINATION OF THE ABSORBANCE PROFILE AND THE SEGMENTAL TILT ANGLE OF THE MOLECULE 446 5.9.3 EFFECT OF ELECTRIC FIELD IN THE SMC* PHASE 449 5.9.4 CALCULATIONS OF THE ABSORBANCE COMPONENTS AND OF THE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION 451 5.9.4.1 UNIAXIAL PHASE 452 CONTENTS XIX 5.9.4.2 FERROELECTRIC PHASE - A MODEL WITH THE TILT FLUCTUATION 453 5.9.4.3 BIASED ROTATION OF THE 12OBBB8 MOLECULE IN IN THE SMC^ AND SMC PHASES 454 5.9.4.4 ANTIFERROELECTRIC AND FERROELECTRIC PHASE - A MODEL WITH TILT AND PHASE FLUCTUATION 457 5.9.5 DYNAMICS OF THE ELECTRIC FIELD INDUCED MOLECULAR REORIENTATION 462 5.9.6 SUMMARY 466 REFERENCES 467 5.10 ON THE DIELECTRIC RELAXATION IN THE ANTIFERROELECTRIC PHASE AND SUB-PHASE ALPHA 468 5.10.1 INTRODUCTION 468 5.10.2 EXPERIMENTAL 469 5.10.3 DIELECTRIC STUDIES 470 5.10.3.1 STATIC DIELECTRIC PERMITTIVITY 470 5.10.3.2 EVIDENCE OF SMA, SMC AND SMC* PHASES .471 5.10.3.3 SUBSTANTIATION OF THE SMC^ PHASE 477 5.10.4 CONCLUSIONS 483 REFERENCES 484 5.11 DIELECTRIC AND ELECTROOPTIC STUDIES OF MHPOBC ANALOGUES .... 485 5.11.1 INTRODUCTION 485 5.11.2 CALORIMETRIC AND DIELECTRIC STUDIES 489 5.11.2.1 PHASE TRANSITIONS 490 5.11.2.2 DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES 492 5.11.2.3 BIAS FIELD INFLUENCE ON THE DIELECTRIC SPECTRA . . 495 5.11.2.4 DATA PROCESSING OF THE DIELECTRIC SPECTRA AND DISCUSSION 497 5.11.3 DISCUSSION OF COLLECTIVE AND MOLECULAR PROCESSES 500 5.11.4 SOME ASPECTS OF ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL BEHAVIOR 501 5.11.4.1 REVERSAL CURRENT METHOD 502 5.11.4.2 SPONTANEOUS POLARIZATION 502 5.11.4.3 TILT ANGLE 505 5.11.4.4 CRITICAL VOLTAGE 506 5.11.5 SUMMARY 506 REFERENCES 507 6 CALAMITIC AND DISCOTIC METALLOMESOGENS 511 6.1 DIELECTRIC STUDY OF SMECTIC AND COLUMNAR FERROELECTRIC METALLOMESOGENS 511 6.1.1 INTRODUCTION 511 6.1.2 EXPERIMENTAL 513 6.1.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 514 6.1.3.1 CALAMITIC COMPOUNDS 514 6.1.3.2 DISCOTIC COMPOUNDS 522 XX CONTENTS 6.1.4 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 528 REFERENCES 529 6.2 RELAXATION PROCESSES IN COLUMNAR PHASES OF VANADYL COMPLEXES 530 6.2.1 INTRODUCTION 530 6.2.2 THERMOANALYTICAL, STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC INVESTIGATIONS 532 6.2.2.1 DSC AND POLARIZING OPTICAL MICROSCOPY 532 6.2.2.2 X-RAY DIFFRACTOMETRY 534 6.2.2.3 MAGNETIC PROPERTIES 535 6.2.3 DIELECTRIC AND ELECTROOPTICAL INVESTIGATION 537 6.2.3.1 EXPERIMENTAL 537 DIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPY 537 ELECTROOPTICAL MEASUREMENTS 538 6.2.3.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 539 CONDUCTIVITY 539 DIELECTRIC RELAXATION PROCESSES 539 REVERSAL CURRENT AND SWITCHING EXPERIMENTS . . 543 6.2.4 SUMMARY 543 REFERENCES 546 PART III SPECIAL ASPECTS OF RELAXATION PHENOMENA IN MAGNETIC SYSTEMS 7 MAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND ESR BEHAVIOR OF SOME MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS CONTAINING COPPER(II) TRIMERS WITH THE QUARTET SPIN GROUND STATE 549 7.1 INTRODUCTION 549 7.2 REVIEW OF USED EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 550 7.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 551 7.3.1 MAGNETIC STUDIES 551 7.3.1.1 LINEAR TRIMERS 551 7.3.1.2 NONLINEAR TRIMERS 554 7.3.2 ESR STUDIES OF COMPOUNDS WITH LINEAR TRIMERS 558 7.4 SUMMARY 566 REFERENCES 567 8 MAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND RELAXATIONS PROCESSES IN MANGANESE(III)-PORPHYRINS-TCNE-SYSTEMS . . 569 8.1 INTRODUCTION 569 8.2 EXPERIMENTAL 572 8.3 RESULTS 573 8.4 DISCUSSION 581 8.5 SUMMARY R. . . T. 583 REFERENCES 584 CONTENTS XXI 9 DIPOLAR INTERACTION AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETIC ORDERING OF SOME CHAIN AND LAYERED COMPOUNDS 587 9.1 INTRODUCTION 587 9.2 SELECTED EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 589 9.2.1 MN-PORPHYRIN BASED CHARGE-TRANSFER COMPLEXES 589 9.2.2 HYDROXIDE-BASED LAYERED COMPOUNDS 591 9.3 MODEL FOR THE DIPOLAR INTERACTION BETWEEN FERRIMAGNETIC CHAINS OR LAYERS 594 9.3.1 CHAIN COMPOUNDS WITH VERY LARGE INTERCHAIN SPACING . . 595 9.3.2 LAYERED COMPOUNDS WITH VERY LARGE INTERLAYER SPACING. 602 9.3.3 CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE MODEL 606 9.4 SUMMARY 606 REFERENCES 607 10 ELECTRON DELOCALIZATION IN DIMERIC MIXED-VALENCE SYSTEMS . 609 10.1 INTRODUCTION 609 10.2 ELECTRONIC INTERACTIONS 609 10.3 VIBRONIC INTERACTIONS: PKS MODEL 611 10.4 YIBRONIC INTERACTIONS: PIEPHO TYPE OF VIBRATIONS 614 10.5 MV IRON DIMER IN THE PRESENCE OF BOTH TYPES OF VIBRATIONS 615 10.5.1 MODEL 615 10.5.2 ANALYSIS. INTERVALENCE ABSORPTION BAND 619 10.5.3 MAGNETIC BEHAVIOR 623 10.6 SUMMARY 625 REFERENCES 626 PART IV RELAXATION PHENOMENA IN HIGH-T C SUPERCONDUCTING SYSTEMS, NONLINEAR OPTICAL POLYMERS AND METALLIC GLASSES 11 HIGH-T C SUPERCONDUCTORS 629 11.1 SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SUPPRESSION AND CRITICAL CURRENTS IN THE RI_ X PR :C BA2CU3O7- ( 5 SYSTEMS (R = HO, Y) 629 11.1.1 INTRODUCTION 629 11.1.2 EXPERIMENTAL 630 11.1.3 ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE STUDY AND DISCUSSION OF THE MECHANISM OF THE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SUPPRESSION 630 11.1.4 AC MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY STUDIES 633 11.1.4.1 INTERGRAIN CRITICAL CURRENTS 635 11.1.4.2 STUDY OF THE FLUX CREEP 636 11.1.5 HYSTERESIS LOOPS AND INTRAGRANULAR CRITICAL CURRENT .... 638 11.1.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS 640 REFERENCES 641 11.2 VORTEX DYNAMICS AND MAGNETIC RELAXATION IN HIGH-T C SUPERCONDUCTORS 642 XXII CONTENTS 11.2.1 INTRODUCTION 642 11.2.1.1 ABRIKOSOV FLUX LINE LATTICE 642 11.2.1.2 VORTICES IN LAYERED HTSC 643 11.2.2 DYNAMICS OF VORTICES 645 11.2.2.1 FLUX CREEP 645 11.2.2.2 THE CRITICAL STATE 646 11.2.2.3 RELAXATION EFFECTS IN HYSTERESIS LOOP 647 11.2.3 LOGARITHMIC DEPENDENCE OF MAGNETIZATION ON TIME FOR LIMITED H, T AND T 649 11.2.3.1 TAFM MODEL, LINEAR U(J) 649 11.2.3.2 MAGNETIZATION RELAXATION RATE 650 11.2.4 NON-LOGARITHMIC MAGNETIZATION DECAY FOR EXTENDED H , T AND T 653 11.2.4.1 NON-LINEAR U(J) 653 11.2.4.2 COLLECTIVE FLUX CREEP MODEL 655 11.2.5 COMPLEX AC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF HT C SUPERCONDUCTORS ... 657 11.2.5.1 INTRA- AND INTERGRANULAR CONTRIBUTIONS TO X AND X 657 11.2.5.2 FREQUENCY DEPENDENCE AND FLUX CREEP AT GRAIN BOUNDARIES 659 11.2.5.3 AC RESPONSE IN STRONG DC MAGNETIC FIELD .... 661 11.2.6 SUMMARY 662 REFERENCES 663 12 RELAXATION PHENOMENA IN NONLINEAR OPTICAL POLYMERS 667 12.1 INTRODUCTION 667 12.2 PHYSICAL BACKGROUND 668 12.2.1 NLO SUSCEPTIBILITY AND EFFECTS 668 12.2.2 ORGANIC NLO MATERIALS 669 12.2.3 POLED NLO POLYMERS 669 12.2.4 STARK EFFECT (ELECTROABSORPTION) 670 12.2.5 PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT 672 12.3 THE STABILITY OF POLAR ORDER AFTER POLING 673 12.3.1 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 673 12.3.2 THE RELAXATION OF SHG AND ACOUSTOELECTRIC RESPONSE . . 676 12.3.3 DISCUSSION OF POLING STABILITY 678 12.4 ELECTROABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY AS A TOOL FOR RELAXATION MEASUREMENTS . . 682 12.4.1 EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE R 682 12.4.2 ELECTROABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY WITH VARIABLE MODULATION FREQUENCY 683 12.4.3 INTERNAL ELECTRIC FIELD IN NLO FILMS 687 12.5 SUMMARY 689 REFERENCES 690 CONTENTS XXIII 13 RELAXATION PROCESSES IN TWO- AND THREE-COMPONENT METALLIC GLASSES 693 13.1 INTRODUCTION 693 13.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE RELAXATION PHENOMENA 695 13.3 EXPERIMENTAL 697 13.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 699 13.5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 704 REFERENCES 705 INDEX 707
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spelling	Relaxation phenomena liquid crystals, magnetic systems, polymers, high-Tc superconductors, metallic glasses W. Haase, S. Wróbel (eds.) Berlin Springer 2003 xxx, 716 p. ill. : 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Relaxation, Phénomènes de ram chimie inriac instrumentation inriac matière condensée inriac matériau inriac mesure inriac physique inriac polymère inriac relaxation inriac Relaxation phenomena Relaxation (DE-588)4049365-9 gnd rswk-swf Relaxation (DE-588)4049365-9 s DE-604 Haase, Wolfgang Sonstige oth Wróbel, Stanisław Sonstige oth HEBIS Datenaustausch Darmstadt application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010317165&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Relaxation phenomena liquid crystals, magnetic systems, polymers, high-Tc superconductors, metallic glasses Relaxation, Phénomènes de ram chimie inriac instrumentation inriac matière condensée inriac matériau inriac mesure inriac physique inriac polymère inriac relaxation inriac Relaxation phenomena Relaxation (DE-588)4049365-9 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4049365-9
title	Relaxation phenomena liquid crystals, magnetic systems, polymers, high-Tc superconductors, metallic glasses
title_auth	Relaxation phenomena liquid crystals, magnetic systems, polymers, high-Tc superconductors, metallic glasses
title_exact_search	Relaxation phenomena liquid crystals, magnetic systems, polymers, high-Tc superconductors, metallic glasses
title_full	Relaxation phenomena liquid crystals, magnetic systems, polymers, high-Tc superconductors, metallic glasses W. Haase, S. Wróbel (eds.)
title_fullStr	Relaxation phenomena liquid crystals, magnetic systems, polymers, high-Tc superconductors, metallic glasses W. Haase, S. Wróbel (eds.)
title_full_unstemmed	Relaxation phenomena liquid crystals, magnetic systems, polymers, high-Tc superconductors, metallic glasses W. Haase, S. Wróbel (eds.)
title_short	Relaxation phenomena
title_sort	relaxation phenomena liquid crystals magnetic systems polymers high tc superconductors metallic glasses
title_sub	liquid crystals, magnetic systems, polymers, high-Tc superconductors, metallic glasses
topic	Relaxation, Phénomènes de ram chimie inriac instrumentation inriac matière condensée inriac matériau inriac mesure inriac physique inriac polymère inriac relaxation inriac Relaxation phenomena Relaxation (DE-588)4049365-9 gnd
topic_facet	Relaxation, Phénomènes de chimie instrumentation matière condensée matériau mesure physique polymère relaxation Relaxation phenomena Relaxation
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010317165&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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