A grammar of Basque:
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English Basque |
| Published: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Mouton de Gruyter
2003
|
| Series: | Mouton grammar library
26 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | XXX, 943 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3110176831 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a A grammar of Basque |c edited by José Ignacio Hualde ... |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Mouton de Gruyter |c 2003 | |
| 300 | |a XXX, 943 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Mouton grammar library |v 26 | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Baskisch |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Grammatik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Basque language |x Grammar | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Grammatik |0 (DE-588)4021806-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Grammatik |0 (DE-588)4021806-5 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hualde, José Ignacio |d 1958- |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)138527164 |4 oth | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804129961481601024 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | A GRAMMAR OF BASAUE *II ^ , LI 505 A 2004/3870 EDITED BY JOSE IGNACIO
HUALDE JON ORTIZ DE URBINA 2003 MOUTON DE GRUYTER BERLIN * NEW YORK
CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION (J.I. HUALDE) 1 1.1. THE BASQUE LANGUAGE AND ITS
NAME 1 1.2. THE BASQUE LANGUAGE TODAY: NUMBER OF SPEAKERS, GEO- 2
GRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION, OFFICIAL STATUS, SOCIOLINGUISTIC ASPECTS 1.2.1.
STANDARD BASQUE AND BASQUE DIALECTS 3 1.3. BRIEF OVERVIEVV OF THE
EXTERNAL HISTORY OF THE BASQUE LAN- 7 GUAGE 1.3.1. THE BASQUE LANGUAGE
IN ANTIQUITY AND IN THE MIDDLE 7 AGES 1.3.2. THE BASQUE LANGUAGE AFTER
THE MIDDLE AGES 9 1.4. PURPORTED RELATIVES 12 1.5. THIS GRAMMAR AND
OTHER GRAMMARS 13 2 PHONOLOGY 15 2.1. SEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY (J.I. HUALDE)
15 2.1.1. PHONEME INVENTORY AND ORTHOGRAPHY 15 2.1.2. DESCRIPTION OF
PHONEMES AND ALLOPHONES 18 2.1.2.1. STOPS 18 2.1.2.1.1. PALATALSTOPS 18
2.1.2.1.2. VOICED AND VOICELESS STOPS 19 2.1.2.1.3. ASPIRATED STOPS 21
2.1.2.2. VOICELESS SIBILANT FRICATIVES AND AFFRICATES 22 2.1.2.3.
ASPIRATION 24 2.1.2.4. OTHER VOICELESS FRICATIVES 25 2.1.2.5. VOICED
FRICATIVES 26 2.1.2.6. DIALECTAL DEVELOPMENTS OF *J- 2 7 2.1.2.7. NASALS
28 2.1.2.8. LATERALS 29 2.1.2.9. RHOTICS 29 2.1.2.10. VOVVELS AND GLIDES
31 2.1.3. SYLLABLE STRUCTURE AND PHONOTACTIC RESTRICTIONS 33 2.1.3.1.
ONSETS 33 2.1.3.2. NUCLEI 33 2.1.3.3. CODAS 33 2.1.3.4. SYLLABLE CONTACT
35 2.1.3.5. WORD-INITIAL RESTRICTIONS 37 2.1.4. MAIN PHONOLOGICAL
ALTERNATIONS AFFECTING CONSONANTS 37 2.1.4.1. NASAL ASSIMILATION 37
CONTENTS XIII 2.1.4.2. CONDITIONED PALATALIZATION 37 2.1.4.3. AFFECTIVE
PALATALIZATION 39 2.1.4.4. REDUCTION AND DELETION IN HETEROSYLLABIC CON-
40 SONANTAL SEQUENCES 2.1.4.5. ASSIMILATION IN VOICE 41 2.1.4.6.
SPIRANTIZATION, DELETION OF VOICED OBSTRUENTS 44 AND RELATED PROCESSES
2.1.4.7. AFFRICATION OF POSTSONORANT SIBILANTS 45 2.1.4.8.
SIMPLIFICATION IN SIBILANT + AFFRICATE SEQUENCES 45 2.1.5. MAIN
PHONOLOGICAL ALTERNATIONS AFFECTING VOWELS 46 2.1.5.1. LOW VOWEL
ASSIMILATION 46 2.1.5.2. MIDVOVVEL RAISING 47 2.1.5.3. CONSONANT
EPENTHESIS: GLIDE/CONSONANT INSER- 48 TION AFTER HIGH VOWELS 2.1.5.4.
DELETION AND RAISING OF STEM-FINAL LOW VOVVELS 49 2.1.5.5. SECOND VOVVEL
DELETION 50 2.1.5.6. UNROUNDING 50 2.1.5.7. GLIDING 50 2.1.5.8. LONG
VOWELS: COMPLETE ASSIMILATION AND GLID- 51 ING WITH COMPENSATORY
LENGTHENING 2.1.5.9. PATTERNS OF VOWEL INTERACTION 52 2.1.5.10.
REGRESSIVE VOWEL ASSIMILATION ACROSS CONSO- 56 NANTS 2.1.5.11.
UNSTRESSED VOWEL REDUCTION AND DELETION IN 56 HIGH NAVARRESE 2.1.5.12.
FINAL VOVVEL EPENTHESIS 57 2.1.6. RESTRICTED MORPHOPHONOLOGICAL
PROCESSES 58 2.1.6.1. DEPENDENT-STEM FORMATION PROCESSES 58 2.1.6.2.
ALTERNATIONS AFFECTING THE NEGATIVE PARTICLE 59 2.1.6.3. EPENTHESIS IN
NOMINAL INFLECTION 60 2.1.6.4. OTHER PROCESSES APPLYING ONLY IN VERY RE-
61 STRICTED MORPHOLOGICAL CONTEXTS 2.1.7. REDUPLICATIVE PROCESSES 61
2.1.8. PROCESSES IN THE ADAPTATION OF BORROVVINGS 61 2.1.8.1. PRODUCTIVE
ADAPTATIONS 61 2.1.8.2. MAIN CHANGES IN OLD BORROVVINGS FROM LATIN 63
AND EARLY ROMANCE 2.2. ACCENTUATION (J.I. HUALDE) 65 2.2.1. NORTHERN
BIZKAIAN 65 2.2.2. WESTERN GIPUZKOA 69 XIV CONTENTS 2.2.3. THE CENTRAL
ACCENTUAL TYPE 71 2.2.4. ZUBEROAN 71 2.3. INTONATION (G. ELORDIETA) 72
2.3.1. LEKEITIO 73 2.3.1.1. ACCENTED AND UNACCENTED WORDS 73 2.3.1.2.
INTONATIONAL DIVISION OF AN UTTERANCE 76 2.3.1.2.1. MAIN PROSODIC AND
PRAGMATIC PROMI- 76 NENCE 2.3.1.2.1.1. RESTRICTIONS ON THE ASSIGNMENT OF
83 MAIN PROMINENCE 2.3.1.2.1.2. INTERNAL INTONATIONAL ORGANIZATION 89 OF
PHRASES WITH MAIN PROMINENCE 2.3.1.2.2. PHRASES PRECEDING THE PREVERBAL
PHRASE 91 2.3.1.3. INTONATIONAL CONTOURS OF NONDECLARATIVE SEN- 93
TENCES 2.3.1.3.1. ABSOLUTE INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES 93 2.3.1.3.2.
PRONOMINAL (OR WH-) INTERROGATIVE SEN- 94 TENCES 2.3.1.3.3.
ECHO-QUESTIONS 96 2.3.1.3.4. CONTINUATIVE INTONATION 98 2.3.1.3.5.
EXCLAMATIVES 101 2.3.1.3.6. EXHORTATIVES 101 2.3.2. TOLOSA 102 2.3.2.1.
REALIZATION OF STRESS 102 2.3.2.2. RESTRICTIONS ON THE ASSIGNMENT OF
MAIN PRO- 103 SODIC PROMINENCE 2.3.2.2.1. INTERNAL INTONATIONAL
ORGANIZATION OF 104 PHRASES WITH MAIN PROMINENCE 2.3.2.2.2. PHRASES
PRECEDING THE PREVERBAL PHRASE 105 2.3.2.3. INTONATIONAL CONTOURS OF
NONDECLARATIVE SEN- 105 TENCES 2.3.3. BAZTAN 108 2.3.3.1. REALIZATION OF
STRESS 108 2.3.3.2. INTONATIONAL DIVISION OF AN UTTERANCE 108 2.3.3.3.
NON-DECLARATIVE SENTENCES 110 3 MORPHOLOGY 113 3.1. THE NOUN PHRASE:
NOUNS, DETERMINERS AND MODIFIERS; PRO- 113 NOUNS AND NAMES (R.L. TRASK)
3.1.1. INTRODUCTION 113 3.1.1.1. THEBASICS 113 3.1.1.2. ANIMACY 3.1.1.3.
SEX-MARKING 3.1.2. DETERMINERS 3.1.2.1. GENERAL 3.1.2.2. ARTICLES
3.1.2.2.1. THE DEFINITE ARTICLE 3.1.2.2.2. THE PROXIMATE PLURAL ARTICLE
3.1.2.2.3. THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE 3.1.2.3. DEMONSTRATIVES 3.1.2.3.1.
ORDINARY DEMONSTRATIVES 3.1.2.3.2. INTENSIVE DEMONSTRATIVES 3.1.2.4. THE
PARTITIVE 3.1.2.5. NUMERALS 3.1.2.5.1. CARDINAL NUMERALS 3.1.2.5.2.
DISTRIBUTIVE NUMERALS 3.1.2.5.3. ORDINAL NUMERALS 3.1.2.5.4. FRACTIONS
AND PERCENTAGES 3.1.2.5.5. MEASURE NOUN PHRASES 3.1.2.5.6. TIMEOFDAY
3.1.2.6. QUANTIFIERS 3.1.2.7. INDEFINITE AND INTERROGATIVE DETERMINERS
3.1.2.8. NOUN PHRASES WITHOUT DETERMINERS 3.1.2.8.1. TRANSLATIVES AND
ESSIVES 3.1.2.8.2. PREDICATE NOMINALS 3.1.2.8.3. INSTRUMENTALS
3.1.2.8.4. PROVERBIALS 3.1.2.8.5. MISCELLANEOUS 3.1.2.9. NOUN PHRASES
WITH TWO DETERMINERS 3.1.3. ADJECTIVES 3.1.3.1. LEXICAL ADJECTIVES
3.1.3.2. PREPOSED ADJECTIVES 3.1.3.3. ADJECTIVE COMPARISON 3.1.3.4.
DEGREE MODIFICATION 3.1.3.5. ADJECTIVAL PARTICIPLES 3.1.3.6. PREDICATE
ADJECTIVES 3.1.4. COMPLEX MODIFIERS 3.1.4.1. GENITIVES 3.1.4.2.
-FCOPHRASES 3.1.4.3. RELATIVE CLAUSES 3.1.4.4. PARTICIPLES CONTENTS XV
115 116 118 118 118 119 122 122 123 123 123 124 126 126 128 129 129 130
130 131 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 136 138 140 141 142 142 143
143 144 149 149 XVI CONTENTS 3.1.5. NOUN PHRASES LACKING HEAD NOUNS 149
3.1.6. PRONOUNS 150 3.1.6.1. PERSONAL PRONOUNS 150 3.1.6.1.1. ORDINARY
PERSONAL PRONOUNS 150 3.1.6.1.2. INTENSIVE PERSONAL PRONOUNS 152
3.1.6.1.3. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS 154 3.1.6.1.4. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS 155
3.1.6.1.5. REFLEXIVES 159 3.1.6.1.6. RECIPROCALS 160 3.1.7. PROPERNAMES
161 3.1.7.1. PERSONAL NAMES 161 3.1.7.2. PLACENAMES 164 3.1.8.
APPOSITIVES 166 3.1.9. NOMINALIZED VERBS 167 3.2. CASE AND NUMBER
INFLECTION OF NOUN PHRASES (J.I. HUALDE) 171 3.2.1. THE NATURE OF
NOMINAL INFLECTION 171 3.2.2. INFLECTIONAL SUFFIXES FOR CASE AND NUMBER
171 3.2.2.1. BASIC MORPHOLOGICAL PARADIGMS 171 3.2.2.2. EPENTHETIC
SEGMENTS IN NOMINAL INFLECTION 174 3.2.2.3. OTHER ALTERNATIONS AND
IRREGULARITIES 175 3.2.2.4. ANIMATE LOCAL CASE ENDINGS 176 3.2.3.
PROPERNOUNS 177 3.2.4. DEMONSTRATIVES 178 3.2.5. PERSONAL PRONOUNS 179
3.2.6. FUNCTIONS AND DIALECTAL VARIANTS OF INFLECTIONAL SUF- 179 FIXES
3.3. POSTPOSITIONS (J.I. HUALDE) 187 3.3.1. LOCATIONAL NOUNS 187 3.3.2.
INVARIABLE POSTPOSITIONS 188 3.4. ADVERBS (J.I. HUALDE) 190 3.4.1.
TIMEADVERBS 190 3.4.2. PLACEADVERBS 192 3.4.3. MANNER ADVERBS 193 3.4.4.
PROPOSITION-LEVEL ADVERBS AND ADVERBIAL EXPRESSIONS 194 3.4.5.
COMPARISON OF ADVERBS 195 3.5. VERBS (J.I. HUALDE, B. OYHARCABAL AND J.
ORTIZ DE URBINA) 195 3.5.1. NONFINITE FORMS (J.I. HUALDE) 196 3.5.1.1.
NONFINITE FORMS USED IN ANALYTICAL VERBAL EX- 196 PRESSIONS 3.5.1.1.1.
PERFECTIVE PARTICIPLE 196 CONTENTS XVII 3.5.1.1.2. RADICAL 199
3.5.1.1.3. FUTURE PARTICIPLE 200 3.5.1.1.4. IMPERFECTIVE PARTICIPLE 200
3.5.1.2. OTHER NONFINITE FORMS 202 3.5.1.2.1. VERBALNOUN 202 3.5.1.2.2.
PREDICATIVE PARTICIPLE 204 3.5.2. FINITEFORMS 205 3.5.2.1.
THESTRUCTUREOFFINITEFORMS 205 3.5.2.1.1. AGREEMENT MARKERS 205
3.5.2.1.2. OTHERAFFIXES 210 3.5.2.2. INTRANSITIVE AUXILIARY IZAN BE
212 3.5.2.2.1. INDICATIVE 212 3.5.2.2.2. CONDITIONAL 215 3.5.2.2.3.
POTENTIAL 217 3.5.2.2.4. SUBJUNCTIVE 218 3.5.2.2.5. IMPERATIVE 220
3.5.2.3. TRANSITIVE AUXILIARY *EDUN/*EZAN HAVE 221 3.5.2.3.1.
INDICATIVE 221 3.5.2.3.2. CONDITIONAL 225 3.5.2.3.3. POTENTIAL 228
3.5.2.3.4. SUBJUNCTIVE 231 3.5.2.3.5. IMPERATIVE 232 3.5.2.4. SYNTHETIC
VERBS 3.5.2.4.1. SYNTHETIC VERBS: PRESENT INDICATIVE 233 3.5.2.4.2.
SYNTHETIC VERBS: PAST INDICATIVE 236 3.5.2.4.3. SYNTHETIC VERBS:
CONDITIONAL 238 3.5.2.4.4. SYNTHETIC VERBS: SUBJUNCTIVE AND IMPERA- 240
TIVE 3.5.2.4.5. OTHER SYNTHETIC VERB WITH MORE RE- 240 STRICTED USAGE
3.5.2.5. ALLOCUTIVE FORMS 242 3.5.3. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BASIC VERBAL
PARADIGMS (J.I. 246 HUALDE) 3.5.4. TENSE, ASPECT AND MOOD (B.
OYHARCABAL) 249 3.5.4.1. IMPERFECTIVE PRESENT AND SYNTHETIC PRESENT 251
3.5.4.2. PERFECTIVE PRESENT (PRESENT PERFECT) 257 3.5.4.2.1. REMOTE
PERFECTIVE PRESENT 258 3.5.4.2.2. PERFECTOFRESULT 259 3.5.4.3.
PROSPECTIVE PRESENT OR FUTURE TENSE 260 3.5.4.4. IMPERFECTIVE PAST 263
XVIII CONTENTS 3.5.4.5. PERFECTIVE PAST 265 3.5.4.6. PROSPECTIVE PAST OR
FUTURE IN THE PAST 267 3.5.4.7. HYPOTHETICAL CONDITIONAL CONSTRUCTIONS
268 3.5.4.7.1. HYPOTHETICAL PAST CONDITIONAL IN PROTASES 268 3.5.4.7.2.
HYPOTHETICAL PAST CONDITIONAL IN APO- 269 DOSES 3.5.4.7.3. HYPOTHETICAL
NON-PAST CONDITIONAL IN 270 PROTASES 3.5.4.7.4. HYPOTHETICAL
PRESENT-FUTURE CONDITIONAL 272 IN APODOSES 3.5.4.8. POTENTIAL 274
3.5.4.8.1. PRESENT POTENTIAL 274 3.5.4.8.2. PAST POTENTIAL 275
3.5.4.8.3. HYPOTHETICAL POTENTIAL 276 3.5.4.9. SUBJUNCTIVE VERB FORMS
277 3.5.4.9.1. PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE 277 3.5.4.9.2. PAST SUBJUNCTIVE 278
3.5.4.9.3. HYPOTHETICAL SUBJUNCTIVE 278 3.5.4.10. IMPERATIVE 279
3.5.4.10.1. JUSSIVE FORMS USED AS IMPERATIVES 281 3.5.4.10.2. CONTRACTED
IMPERATIVE FORMS 281 3.5.4.10.3. REMARKS ON SOME ARCHAIC IMPERATIVE 282
FORMS 3.5.4.11. JUSSIVE 282 3.5.5. PERIPHRASTIC CONSTRUCTIONS (J. ORTIZ
DE URBINA) 284 3.5.5.1. PROGRESSIVE PERIPHRASES 285 3.5.5.1.1. THE
AN CONSTRUCTION 285 3.5.5.1.2. OTHER PROGRESSIVE PERIPHRASES: EGON 290
BE JARDUN BE ENGAGED IN , IBILI *WALK ,JOAN GO 3.5.5.2. FUTURE
PERIPHRASES WITH JOAN GO , EGON/IZAN 293 BE AND *EDUNLEDUKI HAVE
3.5.5.3. HABITUAL PERIPHRASES 296 3.5.5.4. MODAL PERIPHRASES WITH
ABSOLUTIVE/PARTITIVE 296 NOMINALIZATIONS 3.5.5.5. RESULTATIVE
PERIPHRASES 297 3.5.6. SEMIAUXILIARY VERBS (J. ORTIZ DE URBINA) 300
3.5.6.1. THE SEMIAUXILIARIES NAHI WANT AND BEHAR 301 NEED . CONTENTS
XIX 3.5.6.1.1. NAHI/BEHAR AS MAIN AND SEMIAUXILIARY 301 VERBS 3.5.6.1.2.
TRANSPARENCY EFFECTS IN LIKE-SUBJECT 303 COMPLEMENTS 3.5.6.2.
POTENTIALITY: AHAL CAN AND EZIN CANNOT 309 3.5.7. MODAL PARTICLES
316 3.5.7.1. INDEPENDENT USES OF OTE AND OMEN 31 7 3.5.7.2. CONDITIONAL
BA 319 3.5.7.3. INTERROGATIVE -A 320 3.5.7.4. THE CASE OF HABITUAL OHI
321 3.6. CONJUNCTIONS AND CONNECTORS (J.I. HUALDE) 323 3.6.1.
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS 323 3.6.2. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS 324
3.6.3. SENTENTIAL CONNECTORS 325 3.6.4. EXPRESSIONS WITH ERE ALSO;
EVEN 325 3.7. DERIVATION (J.I. HUALDE) 328 3.7.1. DIMINUTIVES 330
3.7.2. DERIVEDNOUNS 332 3.7.2.1. DENOMINAL NOUN-DERIVING SUFFIXES (N+SUF
=N) 333 3.7.2.2. DEADJECTIVAL NOUN-DERIVING SUFFIXES (ADJ+SUF 340 = N)
3.7.2.3. DEVERBAL NOUN-DERIVING SUFFIXES (V+SUF = N) 341 3.7.3. DERIVED
ADJECTIVES 344 3.7.4. DERIVEDVERBS 347 3.7.5. DERIVED ADVERBS 347 3.7.6.
PREFIXATION 349 3.8. COMPOUNDS (J. I. HUALDE) 351 3.8.1. CO-COMPOUNDS
(DVANDVA) 351 3.8.2. N+N SUB-COMPOUND NOUNS 354 3.8.3. V+N SUB-COMPOUND
NOUNS 355 3.8.4. N +ADJ EXOCENTRIC COMPOUNDS 355 3.8.5. N+ADJ
ENDOCENTRIC NOUN COMPOUNDS 356 3.8.6. COMPOUND VERBS 357 3.8.7.
OTHERTYPES OFCOMPOUNDS 359 3.8.8. MORPHOLOGICAL REDUPLICATIONS 360 4
SYNTAX 363 4.1. VALENCY AND ARGUMENT STRUCTURE IN THE BASQUE VERB (R.
363 ETXEPARE) 4.1.1. VALENCY AND THE AUXILIARY SYSTEM: AN OUTLINE 363
4.1.2. INTRANSITIVE MONOVALENT STRUCTURES 364 XX CONTENTS 4.1.2.1.
SIMPLE EXISTENCE 364 4.1.2.2. COPULAR CONSTRUCTIONS 365 4.1.2.2.1. STAGE
AND INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL PREDICATIONS 365 4.1.2.2.2. PHYSICAL AND MENTAL
STATES 366 4.1.2.3. EXISTENTIAL SENTENCES 368 4.1.2.4. VERBS OF LOCATION
AND DIRECTIONAL MOTION 368 4.1.2.4.1. PURELY INTRANSITIVE PREDICATES 368
4.1.2.4.2. ASPECTUAL STRUCTURE AND TRANSITIVITY AL- 369 TEMATIONS WITH
MOTION AND LOCATION VERBS 4.1.2.5. VERBS OF OCCURRENCE AND APPEARANCE
372 4.1.2.6. VERBS OFCHANGE OFSTATE 375 4.1.2.7. WEATHERVERBS 377
4.1.2.8. ASPECTUAL AND CONTROL VERBS 378 4.1.2.8.1. ASPECTUAL VERBS 378
4.1.2.8.2. CONTROL VERBS: THE TRY CLASS 380 4.1.2.9. REFLEXIVES AND
RECIPROCALS 380 4.1.3. INTRANSITIVE BIVALENT STRUCTURES
(DATIVE-ABSOLUTIVE 385 CONSTRUCTIONS) 4.1.3.1. MOTIONVERBS 385 4.1.3.2.
ALTERNATING VERBS 386 4.1.3.3. AN ASPECTUAL VERB: LOTU TIE; ENGAGE IN
388 4.1.4. TRANSITIVE STRUCTURES 388 4.1.4.1. UNERGATIVES 388 4.1.4.2.
CAUSATIVE/INCHOATIVE ALTEMATION 391 4.1.4.3. LOCATIVE ALTEMATION 392
4.1.4.4. PIT- VERBS 393 4.1.4.5. COMPLEX PREDICATES 394 4.1.4.5.1.
COMPLEX PREDICATES WITH EGIN DO 394 4.1.4.5.1.1. BASICPATTERN 394
4.1.4.5.1.2. SYNTAX 397 4.1.4.5.1.3. SIMPLE COUNTERPARTS OF COMPLEX 399
PREDICATES 4.1.4.5.2. OTHER COMPLEX PREDICATES 402 4.1.4.5.2.1. NOUN +
HARTU TAKE 402 4.1.4.5.2.2. NOUN+ EMAN GIVE 402 4.1.4.6.
PSYCHOLOGICAL PREDICATES 403 4.1.4.6.1. PURELY TRANSITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS
(ERGATIVE- 404 ABSOLUTIVE) CONTENTS XXI 4.1.4.6.2.
TRANSITIVE-INTRANSITIVE PSYCH-VERBS (ER- 406 GATIVE-ABSOLUTIVE AND
ABSOLUTIVE) 4.1.4.6.3. NOUN + AUXILIARY CONSTRUCTIONS 407 4.1.5.
DITRANSITIVE STRUCTURES 411 4.1.5.1. TRIVALENT DITRANSITIVE 411 4.1.5.2.
BIVALENT DITRANSITIVE VERBS 411 4.1.5.3. ALTERNATING VERBS 412 4.1.6.
POSSESSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS 414 4.1.6.1. ATTRIBUTIVE 414 4.1.6.1.1.
INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL ATTRIBUTIONS 414 4.1.6.1.2. STAGE-LEVEL ATTRIBUTIONS
417 4.1.6.2. LEXICAL VERBS 418 4.1.7. VERBS OF SAYING, THINKING
ANDJUDGING 422 4.1.7.1. INTRANSITIVE 422 4.1.7.2. TRANSITIVE VERBS 423
4.1.7.3. DITRANSITIVE VERBS 425 4.2. NOMINAL PREDICATION: COPULATIVE
SENTENCES AND SECONDARY 426 PREDICATION (I. ZABALA) 4.2.1. BASIC COPULA
VERBS 426 4.2.2. SYNTACTIC INSTANTIATION OF NOMINAL PREDICATES WITH THE
432 BASIC COPULA VERBS IZAN AND EGON 4.2.3. OPINION VERBS VVITH
PREDICATIVE COMPLEMENTS 438 4.2.4. EVENTIVE VERBS WITH PREDICATIVE
COMPLEMENTS 441 4.2.5. CHANGE AND DURATION VERBS 443 4.2.6. SECONDARY
PREDICATES 446 4.3. WORD ORDER (J. ORTIZ DE URBINA) 448 4.3.1.
NEUTRALORDER 448 4.3.2. HEAVY CONSTITUENTS 452 4.3.3. NEUTRAL ORDER AND
FOCALIZATION 454 4.3.4. NON-FOCALIZED MATERIAL IN MARKED CONTEXTS:
TOPICS 455 4.4. FOCALIZATION (R. ETXEPARE & J. ORTIZ DE URBINA) 459
4.4.1. GENERAL REMARKS 459 4.4.2. WH-QUESTIONS AND NON-VERBAL
FOCALIZATION 464 4.4.3. YES/NO QUESTIONS AND VERB FOCALIZATION 467
4.4.3.1. DIRECT YES/NO QUESTIONS 467 4.4.3.2. VERB FOCALIZATION 469
4.4.3.2.1. EVENT FOCALIZATION 470 4.4.3.2.2. POSITIVE POLAR EMPHASIS 471
4.4.4. SUBCONSTITUENT QUESTIONS AND FOCALIZATION 473 4.4.4.1. QUESTIONS
AND FOCI INSIDE NOUN PHRASES 473 XXII CONTENTS 4.4.4.2. QUESTIONS AND
FOCI INSIDE ADJECTIVE AND ADVERB 477 PHRASES 4.4.5. EMBEDDED QUESTIONS
AND FOCI 479 4.4.5.1. EMBEDDED FOCALIZATION AND INDIRECT QUESTIONS 479
4.4.5.1.1. EMBEDDED FOCALIZATION 479 4.4.5.1.2. INDIRECT QUESTIONS 482
4.4.5.1.2.1. INDIRECT YES/NO QUESTIONS 482 4.4.5.1.2.2. INDIRECT
WH-QUESTIONS 484 4.4.5.2. DISPLACED WH-WORDS AND FOCI 485 4.4.5.3.
CLAUSAL PIED-PIPING 486 4.4.5.3.1. RESTRICTIONS ON THE CLASS OF
PIED-PIPED 490 ELEMENTS 4.4.5.3.2. RESTRICTIONS ON PIED-PIPING ELEMENTS
492 4.4.5.3.3. RECURSIVE PIED-PIPING 493 4.4.5.3.4. PIED-PIPING VS.
EMBEDDED CLAUSE FOCAL- 494 IZATION 4.4.6. WH-AND FOCUS COMPATIBILITY 495
4.4.6.1. CLAUSEMATE OPERATORS 495 4.4.6.1.1. WH-QUESTIONS AND FOCI 495
4.4.6.1.2. YES/NO QUESTIONS AND FOCI 496 4.4.6.2. OPERATORS IN DIFFERENT
CLAUSES 496 4.4.6.3. MULTIPLE QUESTIONS AND MULTIPLE FOCI 497 4.4.6.3.1.
MULTIPLE CLAUSEMATE OPERATORS 497 4.4.6.3.1.1. MULTIPLE CLAUSEMATE FOCI
497 4.4.6.3.1.2. MULTIPLE CLAUSEMATE WH-WORDS 499 4.4.6.3.1.3. MULTIPLE
WH-WORD COMPLEXES 500 FROM DIFFERENT CLAUSES 4.4.6.3.2. MULTIPLE
OPERATORS IN DIFFERENT CLAUSES 501 4.4.7. FOCALIZATION AND INTERROGATION
IN NEGATIVE CLAUSES 503 4.4.7.1. NEGATIVE QUESTIONS 503 4.4.7.2.
FOCALIZATION IN NEGATIVE CLAUSES 505 4.4.7.2.1. FOCI FOLLOWING NEGATION
507 4.4.7.2.2. FURTHER DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES BE- 512 TWEEN
NEGATIVE FOCI AND QUASIFOCI 4.4.8. NON-PREVERBAL FOCI? 515 4.5. NEGATION
(R. ETXEPARE) 516 4.5.1. THE CATEGORY OF NEGATION 516 4.5.2. THE
POSITION OF NEGATION IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE CLAUSE 518 4.5.2.1. FINITE
CLAUSES 518 4.5.2.1.1. MATRIX FINITE CLAUSES 518 CONTENTS XXIII
4.5.2.1.1.1. DECLARATIVES 518 4.5.2.1.1.2. IMPERATIVES 520 4.5.2.1.1.3.
INTERROGATIVES AND EXCLAMATIVES 521 4.5.2.1.2. FINITE EMBEDDED CLAUSES
522. 4.5.2.1.2.1. DECLARATIVES 522 4.5.2.1.2.2. INTERROGATIVES 523
4.5.2.1.2.3. FACTIVE COMPLEMENTS 524 4.5.2.1.2.4. SUBJUNCTIVE
COMPLEMENTS 526 4.5.2.1.2.5. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES 527 4.5.2.2. NON-FINITE
CLAUSES 529 4.5.2.2.1. MATRIX NON-FINITE CLAUSES 529 4.5.2.2.1.1.
IMPERATIVES 529 4.5.2.2.1.2. INTERROGATIVE AND EXCLAMATIVE 530 FORMS
4.5.2.2.2. EMBEDDED NON-FINITE CLAUSES 531 4.5.2.2.2.1. NOMINALIZED
CLAUSES 531 4.5.2.2.2.2. PARTICIPIAL CLAUSES 536 4.5.2.2.2.2.1.
NON-INTERROGATIVE PARTICIP- 536 IAL CLAUSES 4.5.2.2.2.2.2. INDIRECT
QUESTIONS 537 4.5.2.2.2.2.3. BARECONTEXTS 537 4.5.3. NEGATION AND
EMPHATIC AFFIRMATION 537 4.5.4. NEGATIVE CONSTITUENTS 540 4.5.4.1.
NEGATIVE POLARITY ITEMS 540 4.5.4.2. THE SYNTACTIC DISTRIBUTION OF
NEGATIVE WORDS 544 4.5.4.3. NEGATIVE QUANTIFIERS 548 4.5.4.4. PARTITIVE
-(R)IK 549 4.5.4.5. MINIMIZERS 555 4.5.4.5.1. IDIOMATIC MINIMIZERS 555
4.5.4.5.2. ERE EVEN/ALSO 556 4.5.4.6. THE SYNTACTIC DOMAIN OF POLARITY
LICENSING 557 4.5.5. CONSTITUENT NEGATION 559 4.5.6. EXPLETIVE NEGATION
561 4.5.7. NEGATIVE COORDINATION 562 4.6. EXCLAMATIVES (R. ETXEPARE) 564
4.6.1. FINITE AND NON-FINITE EXCLAMATIVES 564 4.6.1.1. WH-EXCLAMATIVES
564 4.6.1.2. DEMONSTRATIVE EXCLAMATIVES 566 4.6.1.3. RELATIVE CLAUSES
568 4.6.1.4. EXCLAMATIVE PARTICLES 569 XXIV CONTENTS 4.6.1.5. OTHER
EXCLAMATIVES WITH VERBS 570 4.6.2. VERBLESS EXCLAMATIVES 571 4.7.
IMPERSONAL CLAUSES (J. ORTIZ DE URBINA) 572 4.7.1. IMPERSONAL
INTERPRETATION OF PERSONAL MARKING 572 4.7.1.1. SEMANTIC INTERPRETATION
OF IMPERSONAL SUBJECTS 576 4.7.1.2. IMPERSONAL PREDICATES 577 4.7.2.
DETRANSITIVIZATION 579 4.7.2.1. IMPERSONAL INTERPRETATIONS OF
INTRANSITIVES 582 4.7.2.2. SYNTHETIC VERBAL FORMS AND IMPERSONAL CLAUSES
583 4.7.3. IMPERSONAL INTERPRETATIONS IN TENSELESS CLAUSES 585 4.7.4.
SOME PROPERTIES OF IMPERSONAL SUBJECTS 587 4.7.5. LONG IMPERSONALS 590
4.8. CAUSATIVES (J. ORTIZ DE URBINA) 592 4.8.1. LEXICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL
AND ANALYTICAL CAUSATIVES 592 4.8.1.1. LEXICAL CAUSATIVES 592 4.8.1.2.
MORPHOLOGICAL CAUSATIVES 593 4.8.1.3. ANALYTICAL CAUSATIVES 595 4.8.2.
CAUSEE MARKING IN MORPHOLOGICAL CAUSATIVES 596 4.8.2.1. INTRANSITIVE
CAUSEES 596 4.8.2.1.1. UNACCUSATIVES 596 4.8.2.1.2. UNERGATIVES 600
4.8.2.2. MONOTRANSITIVE CAUSEES 601 4.8.2.3. DITRANSITIVE CAUSEES 602
4.8.2.4. IMPERSONAL CAUSATIVES 604 4.8.3. DIRECT AND INDIRECT
CAUSATION 605 4.9. RECIPROCAL AND REFLEXIVE CONSTRUCTIONS (X.
ARTIAGOITIA) 607 4.9.1. RECIPROCALS 607 4.9.1.1. ELKAR 607 4.9.1.2.
BATABESTEA 611 4.9.1.3. VALENCY CHANGE AND RECIPROCITY 617 4.9.1.4.
OTHER RECIPROCAL PRONOUNS: BAKOITZA 618 4.9.2. REFLEXIVES 620 4.9.2.1.
X-ENBURUA 62 0 4.9.2.2. REFLEXIVE POSSESSIVES 624 4.9.2.3. VALENCY
CHANGE AND REFLEXIVITY 629 4.9.3. A NOTE ON PSYCHOLOGICAL VERBS 630
4.10. SUBORDINATION (X. ARTIAGOITIA, B. OYHARCABAL, J.I. HUALDE 632 & J.
ORTIZ DE URBINA) 4.10.1. COMPLEMENTATION (NOUN CLAUSES) (X. ARTIAGOITIA)
634 4.10.1.1. FINITE CLAUSES 634 CONTENTS XXV 4.10.1.1.1. THE
DECLARATIVE COMPLEMENTIZER-E/A 635 4.10.1.1.2. THE INTERROGATIVE
COMPLEMENTIZER-EN 637 4.10.1.1.3. SUBJUNCTIVE CLAUSES HEADED BY -EN AND
640 -ELA 4.10.1.1.4. THE NEGATIVE COMPLEMENTIZER -ENIK 643 4.10.1.1.5.
FACTIVE COMPLEMENTS HEADED BY -ENA 646 4.10.1.1.6. BAIT- AND
COMPLEMENTATION 648 4.10.1.1.7. FINITE COMPLEMENT CLAUSES AND ARGU- 648
MENT POSITIONS 4.10.1.1.8. FINITE COMPLEMENT CLAUSES AND WORD 651 ORDER
4.10.1.1.9. RAISING VERBS AND FINITE COMPLEMENTS 653 4.10.1.2.
NON-FINITE STRUCTURES 656 4.10.1.2.1. NOMINALIZATIONS OR NOMINALIZED 657
CLAUSES 4.10.1.2.1.1. NOMINALIZATIONS BASED ON THE 661 VERBAL NOUN
-T(Z)E 4.10.1.2.1.2. NOMINALIZATIONS BASED ON THE 666 PERFECTIVE
PARTICIPLE 4.10.1.2.2. OTHER NON-FINITE STRUCTURES BASED ON THE 670
VERBAL NOUN 4.10.1.2.2.1. -T(Z)EKO COMPLEMENTS 671 4.10.1.2.2.2. -T(Z)EN
COMPLEMENTS 674 4.10.1.2.2.2.1. SEMIAUXILIARY VERBS: ARI 675 IZAN, EGON,
IBILI 4.10.1.2.2.2.2. ASPECTUAL VERBS 678 4.10.1.2.2.2.3.
VERBSOFKNOWLEDGE 680 4.10.1.2.2.2.4. PERCEPTION VERBS 682
4.10.1.2.2.2.5. TRIADIC VERBS: THE UTZI AL- 683 LOW CLASS
4.10.1.2.2.2.6. THE SAIATU TRY CLASS 684 4.10.1.2.2.2.7. MOVEMENT
VERBS IN WEST- 686 ERN BASQUE 4.10.1.2.2.2.8. TOUGH CONSTRUCTIONS 687
4.10.1.2.2.2.9. SOME -T(Z)EN/-T(Z)EA 688 ALTERNATIONS 4.10.1.2.2.3.
-T(Z)ERA COMPLEMENTS 689 4.10.1.2.3. OTHER NON-FINITE STRUCTURES BASED
ON THE 694 PARTICIPLE 4.10.1.2.4. TENSELESS INDIRECT QUESTIONS 698 XX VI
CONTENTS 4.10.1.2.5. SUBJECT OBVIATION IN NON-FINITE COM- 701 PLEMENT
STRUCTURES 4.10.2. ADJUNCT SUBORDINATION (X. ARTIAGOITIA) 710 4.10.2.1.
FINITE CLAUSES 710 4.10.2.1.1. ADJUNCT CLAUSES BASED ON THE COMPLE- 711
MENTIZER -ELA 4.10.2.1.1.1. TEMPORAL AND MODAL CLAUSES 711 HEADED BY
-ELA 4.10.2.1.1.2. TEMPORAL AND MODAL CLAUSES 712 HEADED BY -ELARIK
4.10.2.1.1.3. CAUSAL CLAUSES HEADED BY -ELAKO 1 A 4.10.2.1.2. ADJUNCT
CLAUSES BASED ON THE COMPLE- 715 MENTIZER -EN 4.10.2.1.2.1. PURPOSIVE
CLAUSES HEADED BY -EN 715 4.10.2.1.2.2. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES HEADED BY 717
-ENEZ (GERO) 4.10.2.1.2.3. -EN AND THE LOCAL CASE ENDINGS: 719 -ENEAN,
-ENETIK, -ENE(RA)KO, -ENO /-INO 4.10.2.1.2.4. -EN + OTHER ELEMENTS:
ARREN, ARTE, 721 BITARTEAN, MODUAN,... 4.10.2.1.3. ADJUNCT CLAUSES
HEADED BY THE COM- 723 PLEMENTIZER BAIT- 4.10.2.1.4. ADJUNCT CLAUSES
BASED ON COMPLEMEN- 724 TIZER BA- 4.10.2.1.5. NON-AFFIXAL SUBORDINATORS
727 4.10.2.1.5.1. SUBORDINATES HEADED BY ETA (AND 727 BAINA)
4.10.2.1.5.2. CAUSAL AND ILLATIVE ZEREN, ZERGA- 729 TIK, EZEN, ZE
4.10.2.1.5.3. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES INTRODUCED BY 733 EZEN, NON, NOIZ, NOLA
4.10.2.1.5.4. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES INTRODUCED BY 735 NAHIZ (ETA)...
4.10.2.2. NON-FINITE STRUCTURES 737 4.10.2.2.1. ADJUNCT STRUCTURES BASED
ON THE VERBAL 737 NOUN 4.10.2.2.1.1. NOMINALIZED CLAUSES AND THE 737
SPATIO-TEMPORAL CASE-ENDINGS CONTENTS XXVII 4.10.2.2.1.2. -T(Z)EKO
ADJUNCTS AND RELATED 739 FORMS 4.10.2.2.1.3. NOMINALIZED CLAUSES AND THE
740 COMITATIVE CASE-ENDING -EKIN 4.10.2.2.1.4. NOMINALIZED CLAUSES AND
THE 741 POSTPOSITIONS ARREN/GATIK 4.10.2.2.2. ADJUNCT STRUCTURES BASED
ON THE PERFECT 743 PARTICIPLE 4.10.2.2.2.1. PARTICIPLE + SOME MAJOR
CASE- 743 ENDINGS OR POSTPOSITIONS (-(E)Z - GATIK, ARREN) 4.10.2.2.2.2.
PARTICIPLE + SUFFIXES -TA/(R)IK 745 4.10.2.2.2.3. OTHER ADVERBIAL
STRUCTURES BASED 747 ON THE PARTICIPLE 4.10.2.3. A FINAL NOTE ON
NEGATION IN SUBORDINATE STRUC- 752 TURES 4.10.3. RELATIVES (B.
OYHARCABAL) 762 4.10.3.1. ORDINARY RELATIVES 763 4.10.3.1.1. MAIN
CHARACTERISTICS OF ORDINARY RELA- 763 TIVES 4.10.3.1.1.1. DEFINITION 763
4.10.3.1.1.2. EMBEDDING OF ORDINARY RELATIVES 764 4.10.3.1.1.3. GAPPING
OF THE RELATIVIZED NP 764 4.10.3.1.1.4. LEFT- AND RIGHT-BRANCHING 765
4.10.3.1.2. WORD ORDER VVITHIN THE RELATIVE CLAUSE 766 4.10.3.1.3.
MODIFIER AND RELATIVE STACKING 767 4.10.3.1.4. RELATIVIZATION OF DEEPLY
EMBEDDED NPS 771 4.10.3.1.4.1. RELATIVIZED NP WITHIN A COM- 771 PLEMENT
CLAUSE 4.10.3.1.4.2. RELATIVIZED NPS VVITHIN AN AD- 772 JUNCT CLAUSE
4.10.3.1.4.3. THE COMPLEX NP CONSTRAINT 773 4.10.3.1.5. ACCESSIBILITY
774 4.10.3.1.5.1. ACCESSIBILITY HIERARCHY 774 4.10.3.1.5.2. CONDITIONS
ON RELATIVIZATION OF 778 ADVERBIAL PHRASES 4.10.3.1.5.3. CONDITIONS ON
RELATIVIZATION OF 779 GENITIVE PHRASES 4.10.3.1.5.4. CASE PARALLELISM
780 XXVIII CONTENTS 4.10.3.1.6. MORPHOSYNTACTIC SECONDARY EFFECTS 781
LINKED TO RELATIVIZATION HIERARCHY 4.10.3.1.6.1. -KO INSERTION 781
4.10.3.1.6.2. RESUMPTIVE PRONOUNS 782 4.10.3.1.6.3. NON-GRAMMATICAL
NUMBER AGREE- 783 MENT 4.10.3.1.7. QUESTION-WORDS WITHIN RELATIVE
CLAUSES 785 4.10.3.1.8. RESTRICTIVE VS. NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE 786
CLAUSES 4.10.3.1.9. RELATIVES DESCRIBING PROPER NOUNS 787 4.10.3.1.10.
SUBJECTIVE RELATIVES 789 4.10.3.2. NON-FINITE RELATIVE CLAUSES 790
4.10.3.2.1. ADJECTIVAL PARTICIPIAL RELATIVES 790 4.10.3.2.2. ADVERBIAL
PARTICIPIAL RELATIVES 791 4.10.3.2.3. INFINITIVAL RELATIVES 792
4.10.3.3. HEADLESS RELATIVE CLAUSES 795 4.10.3.3.1. RELATIVES WITH A
DELETED BUT RECOVER- 796 ABLE LEXICAL HEAD 4.10.3.3.2. GENERIC RELATIVE
CLAUSES 796 4.10.3.3.2.1. PROPERTIES OF GENERIC RELATIVES 796
4.10.3.3.2.2. CONSTRAINTS ON ACCESSIBILITY IN 797 GENERIC RELATIVES
4.10.3.3.2.3. GENERIC RELATIVES AND INDIRECT 798 QUESTIONS 4.10.3.3.3.
PREDICATIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES 799 4.10.3.3.3.1. PREDICATIVE RELATIVES AND
PER- 800 SONAL PRONOUNS 4.10.3.3.3.2. PREDICATIVE RELATIVES WITH A RELA-
800 TIVIZED PREDICATE 4.10.3.3.3.3. ACCESSIBILITY WITHIN PREDICATIVE 801
RELATIVES 4.10.3.3.4. APPOSITIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES 802 4.10.3.3.4.1. CASE
CONCORD BETXVEEN THE AP- 803 POSITIVE RELATIVE AND THE NP IT REFERS TO
4.10.3.3.4.2. APPOSITIVE RELATIVES AS NON- 804 RESTRICTIVE RELATIVES
4.10.3.3.5. EXTRAPOSED RELATIVES 806 4.10.3.3.6. ORDINARY HEADLESS
RELATIVES AS SENTEN- 807 TIAL RELATIVES CONTENTS XXIX 4.10.3.3.7. SOME
CHARACTERISTICS OF HEADLESS RELA- 807 TIVE CLAUSES 4.10.3.3.7.1. WORD
ORDER VVITHIN HEADLESS RELA- 807 TIVE CLAUSES 4.10.3.3.7.2. DIMINUTIVE
SUFFIXES IN HEADLESS 808 RELATIVES 4.10.3.4. OTHERKINDSOFRELATIVES 809
4.10.3.4.1. APPOSITIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES CONSTRUCTED 809 WITH RELATIVE
PRONOUNS 4.10.3.4.1.1. THE RELATIVE PRONOUN 810 4.10.3.4.1.2. FORM OF
THE COMPLEMENTIZER 813 4.10.3.4.1.3. WORD-ORDER WITHIN THE RELATIVE 813
4.10.3.4.1.4. THE ANTECEDENT OF THE RELATIVE 814 PRONOUN 4.10.3.4.1.5.
EXTRAPOSED RELATIVES WITH A RELA- 815 TIVE PRONOUN 4.10.3.4.1.6.
SENTENCIAL RELATIVES WITH RELATIVE 815 PRONOUNS 4.10.3.4.2.
ZTAJR-RELATIVE CLAUSES WITH FACULTATIVE 816 RESUMPTIVE PRONOUNS
4.10.3.4.3. CORRELATIVES 818 4.10.3.4.4. SPECIAL CONSTRUCTIONS WITH NON
CORRE- 821 LATED WH-WORDS 4.10.4. COMPARATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS (J.I. HUALDE
& J. ORTIZ 823 DE URBINA) 4.10.4.1. COMPARATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS OF
INEQUALITY 824 4.10.4.1.1. INEQUALITY OF QUALITY AND QUANTITY 824
4.10.4.1.2. COMPARATIVE EMPHASIZERS 826 4.10.4.1.3. OTHER CONSTRUCTIONS
INVOLVING COM- 827 PARATIVES 4.10.4.2. COMPARATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS OF
EQUALITY 830 4.10.4.3. SUPERLATIVES 835 4.10.4.4. WORD ORDER IN
COMPARATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS 838 4.10.4.5. ELLIPSIS IN COMPARATIVE
CONSTRUCTIONS 839 4.11. COORDINATION (I. AMUNDARAIN) 844 4.11.1.
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS 844 4.11.1.1. COPULATIVE COORDINATION 845
4.11.1.2. ADVERSATIVE COORDINATION 846 4.11.1.3. DISJUNCTIVE
COORDINATION 848 4.11.1.4. DISTRIBUTIVE COORDINATORS 850 XXX CONTENTS
4.11.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF BASQUE COORDINATION 851 4.11.2.1. PLACEMENT
851 4.11.2.2. AGREEMENT 856 4.11.3. COORDINATED CONSTITUENTS 859
4.11.3.1. COORDINATION IN NOUN PHRASES 860 4.11.3.2. COORDINATION IN
COMPLEX WORDS 868 4.11.4. SENTENCE COORDINATION AND ELLIPSIS 872
4.11.4.1. GAPPING STRUCTURES 872 4.11.4.1.1. FORXVARD AND BACKWARD
GAPPING 872 4.11.4.1.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF GAPPING 874 4.11.4.2.
AUXILIARY ELLIPSIS 881 4.11.5. NONCONSTITUENT COORDINATION 887 5 TEXTS
893 5.1. TEXTL 893 5.2. TEXT2 897 5.3. TEXT3 903 5.4. TEXT4 906 5.5.
TEXT5 912 SOURCES OF EXAMPLES 915 REFERENCES 922 INDEX 935
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)138527164 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV017072949 |
| callnumber-first | P - Language and Literature |
| callnumber-label | PH5031 |
| callnumber-raw | PH5031 |
| callnumber-search | PH5031 |
| callnumber-sort | PH 45031 |
| callnumber-subject | PH - Uralic, Basque Languages |
| classification_rvk | EX 919 EX 920 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)51983593 (DE-599)BVBBV017072949 |
| dewey-full | 499/.9282421 |
| dewey-hundreds | 400 - Language |
| dewey-ones | 499 - Austronesian & other languages |
| dewey-raw | 499/.9282421 |
| dewey-search | 499/.9282421 |
| dewey-sort | 3499 79282421 |
| dewey-tens | 490 - Other languages |
| discipline | Ältere südeuropäische Sprachen Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen Literaturwissenschaft |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV017072949 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:13:27Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3110176831 |
| language | English Basque |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-010300250 |
| oclc_num | 51983593 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-29 DE-20 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-824 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-29 DE-20 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-824 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 DE-188 |
| physical | XXX, 943 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2003 |
| publishDateSearch | 2003 |
| publishDateSort | 2003 |
| publisher | Mouton de Gruyter |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Mouton grammar library |
| series2 | Mouton grammar library |
| spelling | A grammar of Basque edited by José Ignacio Hualde ... Berlin [u.a.] Mouton de Gruyter 2003 XXX, 943 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Mouton grammar library 26 Includes bibliographical references and index Baskisch gtt Grammatik Basque language Grammar Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd rswk-swf Baskisch (DE-588)4088809-5 gnd rswk-swf Baskisch (DE-588)4088809-5 s Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 s DE-604 Hualde, José Ignacio 1958- Sonstige (DE-588)138527164 oth Mouton grammar library 26 (DE-604)BV000018422 26 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010300250&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | A grammar of Basque Mouton grammar library Baskisch gtt Grammatik Basque language Grammar Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd Baskisch (DE-588)4088809-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4021806-5 (DE-588)4088809-5 |
| title | A grammar of Basque |
| title_auth | A grammar of Basque |
| title_exact_search | A grammar of Basque |
| title_full | A grammar of Basque edited by José Ignacio Hualde ... |
| title_fullStr | A grammar of Basque edited by José Ignacio Hualde ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | A grammar of Basque edited by José Ignacio Hualde ... |
| title_short | A grammar of Basque |
| title_sort | a grammar of basque |
| topic | Baskisch gtt Grammatik Basque language Grammar Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd Baskisch (DE-588)4088809-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Baskisch Grammatik Basque language Grammar |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010300250&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000018422 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hualdejoseignacio agrammarofbasque |