AIP physics desk reference:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York u.a.
Springer u.a.
2003
|
| Ausgabe: | 3. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | XXXV, 888 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0387989730 9780387989730 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV016974554 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20051114 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 030311s2003 gw ad|| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 016 | 7 | |a 966496922 |2 DE-101 | |
| 020 | |a 0387989730 |9 0-387-98973-0 | ||
| 020 | |a 9780387989730 |9 978-0-387-98973-0 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)248637577 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV016974554 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakddb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 044 | |a gw |c DE | ||
| 049 | |a DE-1047 |a DE-29T |a DE-91G |a DE-384 |a DE-634 |a DE-862 | ||
| 050 | 0 | |a QC61 | |
| 082 | 0 | |a 530 | |
| 084 | |a UC 300 |0 (DE-625)145520: |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a PHY 001b |2 stub | ||
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a AIP physics desk reference |c E. Richard Cohen ... (ed.) |
| 250 | |a 3. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New York u.a. |b Springer u.a. |c 2003 | |
| 300 | |a XXXV, 888 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Literaturangaben | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Astronomie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Physik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Physics |v Handbooks, manuals, etc | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Astronomie |0 (DE-588)4003311-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Physik |0 (DE-588)4045956-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4148875-1 |a Datensammlung |2 gnd-content | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Physik |0 (DE-588)4045956-1 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Astronomie |0 (DE-588)4003311-9 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | |8 1\p |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cohen, Emanuel Richard |d 1922- |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)131719750 |4 oth | |
| 710 | 2 | |a American Institute of Physics |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)7861-X |4 oth | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HEBIS Datenaustausch Darmstadt |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010250842&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-010250842 | ||
| 883 | 1 | |8 1\p |a cgwrk |d 20201028 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| DE-BY-862_location | 2000 |
|---|---|
| DE-BY-FWS_call_number | 2000/UC 300 C678(3) |
| DE-BY-FWS_katkey | 628945 |
| DE-BY-FWS_media_number | 083000517105 |
| _version_ | 1806176622031667200 |
| adam_text | E. RICHARD COHEN DAVID R. LIDE GEORGE L. TRIGG EDITORS AIP PHYSICS DESK
REFERENCE THIRD EDITION WITH 125 ILLUSTRATIONS SPRINGER CONTENTS PREFACE
TO THE THIRD EDITION V PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION VII CONTRIBUTORS
XXXI TABLE OF FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS XXXV 1. SYMBOLS, UNITS, AND
NOMENCLATURE 1 E. RICHARD COHEN 1.1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES 2 1.1.1 SYMBOLS
FOR QUANTITIES 2 1.1.2 SYMBOLS FOR UNITS 2 1.2 PHYSICAL UNITS 3 1.2.1
BASE UNITS 3 1.2.2 DIMENSION 3 1.3 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS
(SYSTEME INTERNATIONAL, SI) 4 1.3.1 BASE UNITS 4 1.3.2 CONVERSION
FACTORS TO SI UNITS 6 1.4 RECOMMENDED SYMBOLS FOR PHYSICAL QUANTITIES 8
1.4.1 GENERAL PHYSICS 8 1.4.2 QUANTUM MECHANICS 18 1.4.3 CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
18 1.4.4 NUCLEAR AND FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES 19 1.5 NOMENCLATURE
CONVENTIONS IN NUCLEAR PHYSICS 20 1.5.1 NUCLIDE 20 1.5.2
CHARACTERIZATION OF INTERACTIONS 20 1.6 REFERENCES 21 2. MATHEMATICAL
BASICS 22 E. RICHARD COHEN * 2.1 FACTORIALS 24 2.2 PROGRESSION AND
SERIES 24 2.3 MEANS 24 2.4 SUMMATION FORMULAS 25 2.5 BINOMIAL THEOREM 25
2.6 QUADRATIC EQUATION 25 2.7 DIFFERENTIATION 26 2.7.1 TAYLOR SERIES 26
IX § CONTENTS 2.8 INTEGRATION 27 2.9 LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS 28 2.9.1
SERIES 28 2.10 EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS 28 2.10.1 DERIVATIVES 28 2.10.2
INTEGRALS 29 2.11 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 29 2.11.1 SERIES EXPANSIONS 30
2.11.2 DERIVATIVES 30 2.11.3 INTEGRALS 30 2.11.4 PLANE TRIANGLES 31
2.11.5 SPHERICAL TRIANGLES 31 2.12 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 32
2.12.1 SERIES EXPANSIONS 32 2.12.2 DERIVATIVES 32 2.12.3 INTEGRALS 32
2.13 HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 33 2.13.1 SERIES EXPANSIONS 34 2.13.2
DERIVATIVES 34 2.13.3 INTEGRALS 34 2.14 INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 35
2.14.1 SERIES EXPANSIONS 35 2.14.2 DERIVATIVES 35 2.14.3 INTEGRALS 36
2.15 GAMMA FUNCTION 36 2.15.1 DEFINITE INTEGRALS 37 2.16 DELTAFUNCTION
38 2.17 VECTOR ALGEBRA 39 2.17.1 NOTATION 39 2.17.2 DOT PRODUCT (SCALAR
PRODUCT OR INNER PRODUCT) 39 2.17.3 CROSS PRODUCT (VECTOR PRODUCT OR
OUTER PRODUCT) 39 2.17.4 VECTOR IDENTITIES 39 2.17.5 VECTOR LINEAR
EQUATIONS 40 2.17.6 DIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS 40 2.18 ORTHOGONAL COORDINATE
SYSTEMS 43 2.18.1 GRADIENT OF/, V/ 43 2.18.2 DIVERGENCE OF A, V-A 43
2.18.3 CURL OF A, V X A - 43 2.18.4 PROJECTED DERIVATIVE, COMPONENTS OF
A VB 44 2.18.5 DIVERGENCE OF A TENSOR VT 45 2.18.6 SCALAR LAPLACIANV 2
/ 46 2.18.7 VECTOR LAPLACIAN V 2 A 46 2.19 FOURIER SERIES AND FOURIER
TRANSFORMS 47 2.19.1 ORTHOGONALITY CONDITION 47 CONTENTS XI 2.19.2
COMPLETENESS * 48 2.19.3 CONVOLUTION 48 2.20 LAPLACE TRANSFORMS 48
2.20.1 GENERAL PROPERTIES 48 2.20.2 LINEARITY 48 2.20.3 DIFFERENTIATION
48 2.20.4 BESSEL FUNCTIONS 49 2.20.5 SPHERICAL HARMONICS 53 2.20.6
POTENTIAL AT RI DUE TO A UNIT SOURCE AT T2 53 2.20.7 CLEBSCH-GORDAN
(WIGNER) COEFFICIENTS 55 2.21 REFERENCES 56 3. ACOUSTICS 60 ROBERT T.
BEYER 3.1 IMPORTANT ACOUSTICAL UNITS 62 3.2 OSCILLATIONS OF A LINEAR
SYSTEM 63 3.2.1 ANALOGIES 65 3.3 GENERAL LINEAR ACOUSTICS; WAVE
PROPAGATION IN FLUIDS 65 3.3.1 PLANE WAVES 65 3.3.2 SPHERICAL WAVES 66
3.3.3 REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION 67 3.3.4 VELOCITY AND ATTENUATION OF
SOUND 67 3.4 HIGH-INTENSITY SOUND; NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS 72 3.4.1
LAGRANGIAN FORM OF WAVE EQUATION 72 3.4.2 SOLUTIONS OF EULERIAN WAVE
EQUATION 73 3.4.3 BURGERS EQUATION AND OTHER APPROXIMATIONS 74 3.4.4
RADIATION PRESSURE 74 3.5 ATMOSPHERIC ACOUSTICS 75 3.5.1 VELOCITY OF
SOUND IN AIR 75 3.5.2 REFRACTION IN A FLUID MEDIUM 75 3.5.3 ATTENUATION
IN ATMOSPHERE 75 3.5.4 DOPPLER EFFECT 75 3.6 UNDERWATER SOUND 76 3.7
ACOUSTIC TRANSMISSION IN SOLIDS 77 3.7.1 VELOCITY IN AN EXTENDED
POLYCRYSTALLINE SOLID 77 3.7.2 CONFIGURATIONAL DISPERSION IN A SOLID ROD
77 3.7.3 ATTENUATION OF SOUND IN SOLIDS 77 3.8 MOLECULAR ACOUSTICS;
RELAXATION PROCESSES 78 3.8.1 PROPAGATION OF SOUND 78 3.8.2 EXCESS SOUND
ATTENUATION IN LIQUIDS 79 3.8.3 ULTRASONIC PROPAGATION AT VERY LOW
TEMPERATURES 79 3.9 BUBBLES, CAVITATION, SONOLUMINESCENCE 80 3.9.1
CAVITATION 80 3.9.2 SONOLUMINESCENCE 81 ENTS 3.10 NONDESTRUCTIVE
TESTING, ULTRASONIC IMAGING 81 3.10.1 , NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING 81 3.10.2
JJLTRASONIC IMAGING 81 3.11 NOISE AND ITS CONTROL 81 3.11.1 ACTIVE
SUPPRESSION OF NOISE 82 3.12 ROOM AND, ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTICS 83 3.12.1
SABINE S FORMULA 83 3.12.2 PRACTICAL ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTICS 83 3.13
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ACOUSTICS 85 3.13.1 LOUDNESS AND
LOUDNESS LEVEL 85 3.13.2 AUDITORY SENSATION AREA 86 3.13.3 MASKING 86
3.13.4 TEMPORARY THRESHOLD SHIFT (TTS) 86 3.13.5 PITCH 87 3.13.6
BINAURAL HEARING 87 3.13.7 AUDIOGRAM 87 3.14 SPEECH COMMUNICATION 88
3.15 BIOACOUSTICS 88 3.16 MUSICAL ACOUSTICS 89 3.16.1 RESONANCE
FREQUENCIES FOR AN ORGAN PIPE 89 3.16.2 RESONANCE FREQUENCIES FOR A
RECTANGULAR MEMBRANE 89 3.16.3 RESONANCE FREQUENCIES FOR A CIRCULAR
MEMBRANE 89 3.17 ACOUSTICAL MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTS 89 3.17.1
ABSOLUTE MEASUREMENT OF SOUND INTENSITY 90 3.17.2 CALIBRATION OF
MICROPHONES 90 3.17.3 FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT 90 3.17.4 ACOUSTIC FILTER 91
3.18 REFERENCES 91 4. ASTRONOMY 93 JAY M. PASACHOFF 4.1 BASIC DATA 94
4.2 SOLAR SYSTEMS 95 4.3 STARS AND THE MILKY WAY 100 4.4 TIME AND
PLANETARY POSITIONS 112 5. ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY 119 VIRGINIA
TRIMBLE 5.1 STELLAR ASTRONOMY 120 5.1.1 STELLAR STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION
120 5.1.2 STELLAR ATMOSPHERES 121 5.1.3 NUCLEAR REACTIONS, ENERGY
GENERATION, AND NUCLEOSYNTHESIS . . 123 5.2 BINARY STARS 127 5.2.1
SIGNIFICANCE 127 5.2.2 EVOLUTION OF BINARY STARS 128 CONTENTS XIII 5.3
STAR CLUSTERS, INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM, AND THE MILKY WAY 128 5.3.1 STAR
CLUSTERS 128 5.3.2 THE GALACTIC CENTER 130 5.3.3 THE MILKY WAY: GENERAL
PROPERTIES 130 5.3.4 BACKGROUNDS 130 5.4 GALAXIES 131 5.4.1 TYPES AND
THEIR PROPERTIES 131 5.4.2 DARK MATTER 133 5.4.3 FORMATION AND EVOLUTION
OF GALAXIES 134 5.4.4 COLLECTIVE PROPERTIES, CLUSTERING, AND LARGE-SCALE
STRUCTURE ... 135 5.5 HIGH-ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS 136 5.5.1 BASIC PHYSICAL
MECHANISMS 136 5.5.2 NEUTRON STARS AND BLACK HOLES AS ENDPOINTS OF
STELLAR EVOLUTION 137 5.5.3 PULSARS AND X-RAY BINARIES 137 5.5.4
SUPERNOVAE 138 5.5.5 QUASARS AND OTHER ACTIVE GALAXIES 139 5.5.6 GAMMA
RAY BURSTERS 140 5.6 COSMOLOGY 141 5.6.1 EVIDENCE THAT THE UNIVERSE IS
EXPANDING AND EXPERIENCED A BIG BANG 141 5.6.2 THE
FRIEDMANN-ROBERTSON-WALKER METRIC 141 5.6.3 BIG-BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS 142
5.6.4 BEST VALUES OF THE PARAMETERS FOR A RELATIVISTIC UNIVERSE . . .
143 5.6.5 CONNECTIONS WITH PARTICLE PHYSICS 144 |, 5.7 REFERENCES 144 6.
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR COLLISION PROCESSES 145 M. R. FLANNERY 6.1
INTRODUCTION 147 6.2 COLLISIONS 148 6.2.1 DIFFERENTIAL AND INTEGRAL
CROSS SECTIONS 148 6.2.2 COLLISION RATES, COLLISION FREQUENCY, AND PATH
LENGTH 149 6.2.3 ENERGY AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM: CENTER OF MASS AND
RELATIVE . 150 1 6.2.4 ELASTIC SCATTERING 151 6.2.5 INELASTIC SCATTERING
151 6.2.6 REACTIVE SCATTERING 151 6.2.7 CENTER-OF-MASS TO LABORATORY
CRGSS-SECTION CONVERSION . . . . 151 6.3 GENERAL COLLISION PROPERTIES
153 6.3.1 MOMENTUM TRANSFER 153 6.3.2 MOMENTUM TRANSFER CROSS SECTION
153 6.3.3 ENERGY TRANSFER 154 6.3.4 ENERGY TRANSFER CROSS SECTIONS 156
6.3.5 ATOMIC UNITS 159 R 6.3.6 ENERGY CONVERSION FACTORS 159 I 6.3.7
RYDBERG PROPERTIES 160 )DV CONTENTS 6.4 EQUILIBRIUM DISTRIBUTIONS 163
6.4.1 MAXWELL VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION FOR FREE PARTICLES 163 6.4.2 TWO
TEMPERATURE MAXWELL DISTRIBUTIONS 164 6.4.3 BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION 165
6.4.4 CLASSICAL STATISTICAL WEIGHTS 167 6.4.5 ASSOCIATION/DISSOCIATION
EQUATION 171 6.4.6 SAHA S IONIZATION EQUATIONS 171 6.4.7 MACROSCOPIC
DETAILED BALANCE 173 6.4.8 PLANCK S EQUILIBRIUM DISTRIBUTION 174 6.4.9
BOLTZMANN EQUATION 175 6.5 MACROSCOPIC RATE COEFFICIENTS 175 6.5.1
SCATTERING RATE 175 6.5.2 ENERGY TRANSFER RATE 176 6.5.3 TRANSPORT CROSS
SECTIONS AND COLLISION INTEGRALS 177 6.6 QUANTAL TRANSITION RATES AND
CROSS SECTIONS 178 6.6.1 MICROSCOPIC RATE OF TRANSITIONS 178 6.6.2
DETAILED BALANCE BETWEEN RATES 179 6.6.3 ENERGY DENSITY OF CONTINUUM
STATES 180 6.6.4 INELASTIC CROSS SECTIONS 181 6.6.5 DETAILED BALANCE
BETWEEN CROSS SECTIONS 182 6.6.6 EXAMPLES OF DETAILED BALANCE 182 6.6.7
FOUR USEFUL EXPRESSIONS FOR THE CROSS SECTION 183 6.7 BORN CROSS
SECTIONS 186 6.7.1 FERMI GOLDEN RULES 187 6.7.2 ION (ELECTRON)-ATOM
COLLISIONS 188 6.7.3 ATOM-ATOM COLLISIONS 189 6.7.4 QUANTAL AND
CLASSICAL IMPULSE CROSS SECTIONS 189 6.7.5 ATOMIC FORM FACTOR AND
GENERALIZED OSCILLATOR STRENGTH . . . . 190 6.7.6 FORM FACTORS FOR
ATOMIC HYDROGEN 191 6.7.7 ROTATIONAL EXCITATION 192 6.7.8 LIST OF BORN
CROSS SECTIONS FOR MODEL POTENTIALS 193 6.8 QUANTAL POTENTIAL SCATTERING
194 6.8.1 PARTIAL WAVE EXPANSION 195 6.8.2 SCATTERING AMPLITUDES 196
6.8.3 INTEGRAL CROSS SECTIONS 197 6.8.4 DIFFERENTIAL CROSS SECTIONS 197
6.8.5 OPTICAL THEOREM 199 6.8.6 LEVINSON S THEOREM 200 6.8.7 PARTIAL
WAVE EXPANSION FOR TRANSPORT CROSS SECTIONS 200 6.8.8 BORN PHASE SHIFTS
201 6.8.9 COULOMB SCATTERING 202 6.9 COLLISIONS BETWEEN IDENTICAL
PARTICLES 202 6.9.1 FERMION AND BOSON SCATTERING 203 CONTENTS XV 6.9.2
COULOMB SCATTERING OF TWO IDENTICAL PARTICLES 204 6.9.3 SCATTERING OF
IDENTICAL ATOMS 205 6.10 CLASSICAL POTENTIAL SCATTERING 206 6.10.1
DEFLECTION FUNCTIONS 206 6.10.2 CLASSICAL CROSS SECTIONS 207 6.10.3
ORBITING CROSS SECTIONS 209 6.11 QUANTAL INELASTIC HEAVY-PARTICLE
COLLISIONS 211 6.11.1 ADIABATIC FORMULATION (KINETIC COUPLING SCHEME)
211 6.11.2 DIABATIC FORMULATION (POTENTIAL COUPLING SCHEME) 212 6.11.3
INELASTIC SCATTERING BY A CENTRAL FIELD 213 6.11.4 TWO-STATE TREATMENT
214 6.11.5 EXACT RESONANCE 215 6.11.6 PARTIAL WAVE ANALYSIS 217 6.11.7
CLOSE COUPLING EQUATIONS FOR ELECTRON-ATOM (ION) COLLISIONS . . 217 6.12
SEMICLASSICAL INELASTIC SCATTERING 219 6.12.1 CLASSICAL PATH THEORY 220
6.12.2 LANDAU-ZENER CROSS SECTION 221 6.12.3 EIKONAL THEORIES 221 6.13
LONG-RANGE INTERACTIONS 224 6.13.1 POLARIZATION, ELECTROSTATIC, AND
DISPERSION INTERACTIONS 224 6.14 RADIATIVE PROCESSES 225 6.14.1 PHOTON
SCATTERING BY FREE AND BOUND ELECTRONS 225 6.14.2 RADIATIVE EMISSION
RATE 228 6.14.3 CROSS SECTION FOR RADIATIVE RECOMBINATION 233 6.14.4
RADIATIVE RECOMBINATION RATE 234 6.14.5 DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION CROSS
SECTION 236 6.14.6 BREMSSTRAHLUNG 236 6.14.7 BREMSSTRAHLUNG CROSS
SECTION 237 6.14.8 DIPOLE TRANSITION MATRIX ELEMENTS 237 6.15 ATOMIC AND
MOLECULAR DATABASES 238 6.16 GENERAL REFERENCES 239 6.17 REFERENCES 240
7. ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY 242 WOLFGANG L. WIESE 7.1 INTRODUCTION » 243 7.2
PHOTON ENERGIES, FREQUENCIES, AND WAVELENGTHS 243 7.2.1 PHOTON ENERGY
243 7.2.2 FREQUENCY, WAVELENGTH, WAVENUMBER 244 7.2.3 SPECTRAL
WAVELENGTH RANGES 244 7.2.4 WAVELENGTHS IN AIR 244 7.2.5 WAVELENGTH
STANDARDS 244 7.2.6 ENERGY CONVERSION FACTORS 245 7.3 ATOMIC STATES,
ATOMIC SHELL STRUCTURE 245 CONTENTS 7.3.1 QUANTUM NUMBERS 245 7.3.2
PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE, ATOMIC SHELLS 245 7.4 THE HYDROGEN SPECTRUM
246 7.5 ALKALI SPECTRA 246 7.6 ATOMIC STATES AND SPECTRA FOR
MANY-ELECTRON ATOMS 247 7.6.1 TYPICAL FEATURES, GENERAL QUANTUM
DESIGNATIONS 247 7.6.2 RUSSELL-SAUNDERS OR LS-COUPLING 247 7.6.3
CUSTOMARY NOTATION, SAMPLE CASE 248 7.6.4 OTHER COUPLING SCHEMES 248 7.7
ATOMIC STRUCTURE HIERARCHIES, SELECTION RULES FOR DISCRETE TRANSITIONS
250 7.7.1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE HIERARCHIES 250 7.7.2 SELECTION RULES FOR
DISCRETE TRANSITIONS 251 7.8 SPECTRAL LINE INTENSITIES, ATOMIC
TRANSITION PROBABILITIES,/-VALUES, AND LINE STRENGTHS 252 7.8.1 EMISSION
INTENSITIES 252 7.8.2 ABSORPTION INTENSITIES 252 7.8.3 LINE STRENGTHS
252 7.8.4 RELATIONSHIPS AMONG A, F, AND S 253 7.8.5 RELATIONSHIPS
BETWEEN SPECTRAL LINE AND MULTIPLET VALUES . . . 254 7.8.6 TABULATIONS
254 7.9 ATOMIC (RADIATIVE) LIFETIMES 257 7.10 SCALING, SYSTEMATIC TRENDS
(REGULARITIES), AND IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECTRA 258 7.10.1
HYDROGENIC (ONE-ELECTRON) SPECIES 258 7.10.2 ATOMS AND IONS WITH TWO OR
MORE ELECTRONS 259 7.10.3 IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPLEX SPECTRA .
. . . ; . . . . 259 7.11 SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES, WIDTHS, AND SHIFTS 260
7.11.1 DOPPLER BROADENING 260 7.11.2 PRESSURE BROADENING 261 7.12
SPECTRAL CONTINUUM RADIATION 262 7.12.1 HYDROGENIC SPECIES 262 7.12.2
MANY-ELECTRON SYSTEMS 263 7.13 SOURCES OF SPECTROSCOPIC DATA 263 7.14
REFERENCES 263 8. BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS 265 ELIAS GREENBAUM AND VICTOR
BLOOMFIELD 8.1 INTRODUCTION 267 8.2 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES 267 8.2.1
ELEMENTARY ELECTROSTATIC AND DISPERSION INTERACTIONS 267 8.2.2 FORCE
FIELDS 268 8.2.3 INTERACTIONS IN WATER 268 8.2.4 IONIC SOLUTIONS AND
POLYELECTROLYTES 269 8.3 NUCLEIC ACIDS 269 8.3.1 STRUCTURES OF NUCLEIC
ACID BASES AND NUCLEOTIDES 269 CONTENTS XVII 8.3.2 ENERGETICS OF BENDING
AND TWISTING 271 8.3.3 SUPERCOILED DNA 271 8.4 PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS
272 8.4.1 PEPTIDE BOND AND POLYPEPTIDE CONFORMATIONS 273 8.4.2
HELIX-COIL TRANSITION AND PROTEIN FOLDING 274 8.5 BINDING THERMODYNAMICS
274 8.6 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 275 8.7 ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC
RESONANCE 278 8.8 THERMODYNAMICS, MITOCHRONDRIA, AND CHLOROPLASTS 280
8.8.1 FREE-ENERGY CHANGE OF A CHEMICAL REACTION 280 8.8.2 ELECTRICAL AND
CHEMICAL WORK 281 8.8.3 ION GRADIENTS, ACTIVE TRANSPORT, AND ATP
SYNTHESIS 282 8.8.4 MITOCHONDRIA 283 8.8.5 CHLOROPLASTS 284 8.9
SIGNALING AND TRANSPORT ACROSS CELL MEMBRANES 284 8.9.1 RECEPTORS 287
8.9.2 TRANSPORTERS 288 8.9.3 CHANNELS AND PUMPS 288 8.10
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY 289 8.10.1 IMPULSES IN NERVE AND MUSCLE CELLS 289
8.10.2 PROPERTIES OF NERVE AND MUSCLE CELLS 289 8.10.3 AXONS: THE CABLE
MODEL 291 8.10.4 MODELS FOR MEMBRANE CURRENT DENSITY 291 8.11
PHOTOBIOPHYSICS 293 8.12 MUSCLE AND CONTRACTILITY 295 8.13
CHARACTERIZING BIOPOLYMERS IN SOLUTION 297 8.13.1 SEDIMENTATION AND
DIFFUSION 297 8.13.2 SEDIMENTATION EQUILIBRIUM 298 8.13.3 ROTATIONAL
MOTION 298 8.13.4 FRICTIONAL COEFFICIENTS 298 8.13.5 ELECTROPHORESIS AND
GEL ELECTROPHORESIS 298 8.13.6 SCATTERING 298 8.13.7 DYNAMIC LIGHT
SCATTERING 300 8.14 BIOPHYSICS, THE HEALTH SCIENCES, AND EMERGING
TECHNOLOGY 300 8.15 REFERENCES 304 8.15.1 GENERAL REFERENCES 304 8.15.2
ON-LINE RESOURCES , 304 8.15.3 SPECIFIC REFERENCES 304 9.
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 306 GEORGE A. JEFFREY AND VICKY LYNN KAREN 9.1
HISTORICAL SKETCH 307 9.2 CRYSTAL DATA AND SYMMETRY 309 9.2.1 CRYSTAL
SYSTEM, SPACE GROUP, LATTICE CONSTANTS, AND STRUCTURE TYPE 309 9.2.2
REDUCED CELLS 315 9.2.3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CRYSTALS 316 9.3 CRYSTAL
DIFFRACTION 316 9.3.1 CONDITIONS FOR DIFFRACTION 316 9.3.2
SINGLE-CRYSTAL DIFFRACTOMETER 319 9.3.3 ABSORPTION 321 9.3.4 X-RAY
ABSORPTION CORRECTIONS 321 9.3.5 EXTINCTION 323 9.3.6 MULTIPLE
REFLECTIONS 323 9.3.7 DIFFRACTION BY PERFECT CRYSTALS 324 9.3.8
BORRMANN OR ANOMALOUS TRANSMISSION EFFECT 324 9.3.9 KOSSEL AND
KIKUCHI LINES 324 9.3.10 POWDER DIFFRACTOMETRY 325 9.3.11 POWDER
DIFFRACTION PROFILE REFINEMENT: RIETVELD METHOD . . . . 326 9.4
STRUCTURE FACTOR 326 9.4.1 ATOMIC SCATTERING FACTORS/, (S) 326 9.4.2
DISPERSION CORRECTIONS FOR X-RAY ATOMIC SCATTERING FACTORS . . . 328
9.4.3 GEOMETRICAL STRUCTURE FACTOR 331 9.4.4 UNITARY AND NORMALIZED
STRUCTURE FACTORS 332 9.5 THERMAL MOTION 332 9.6 DIFFRACTING DENSITY
FUNCTION 335 9.7 PHASE PROBLEM 336 9.7.1 PHASE-SOLVING METHODS 336 9.7.2
PATTERSON SYNTHESIS 337 9.7.3 DIRECT METHODS 337 9.8 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
REFINEMENT: METHOD OF LEAST SQUARES 337 9.9 REFERENCES 339 9.10
APPENDIX: CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DATA SOURCES 343 9.10.1 INTRODUCTION 343
9.10.2 CATEGORIES, QUALITY, AND DESCRIPTION 343 9.10.3 MAJOR SOURCES OF
CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DATA 344 10. EARTH, OCEAN, AND ATMOSPHERE PHYSICS 349
FERRIS WEBSTER 10.1 INTRODUCTION 350 10.2 PROPERTIES OF PLANET EARTH 350
10.2.1 PLANETARY DIMENSIONS AND CONSTANTS , . . 350 10.2.2 OCEAN AREAS,
VOLUMES, AND DEPTHS 351 10.3 OCEAN 353 10.3.1 SEAWATER PROPERTIES 353
10.3.2 AIR-SEA INTERACTION 359 10.3.3 TIDES 360 10.3.4 WAVES 361 10.3.5
GEOPHYSICAL FLUID DYNAMICS 362 10.4 ATMOSPHERE 363 W CONTENTS XIX 10.4.1
PRINCIPAL ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS 363 10.4.2 PROPERTIES OF MOIST AIR
363 10.4.3 PROPERTIES OF DRY AIR 364 10.4.4 U.S. STANDARD ATMOSPHERE
(1976) 365 10.5 GLOBAL CLIMATE 370 10.5.1 EARTH S RADIATION BALANCE 370
10.5.2 GLOBAL TEMPERATURE TRENDS 371 10.5.3 ATMOSPHERIC CO2
CONCENTRATIONS 374 10.6 REFERENCES 375 11. ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM 376
DAVID J. GRIFFITHS 11.1 INTRODUCTION 377 11.2 ELECTROSTATICS 377 11.3
MAGNETOSTATICS 380 11.4 ELECTRODYNAMICS 382 11.5 CONSERVATION LAWS 386
11.6 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 387 11.7 RADIATION 390 11.8 RELATIVISTIC
FORMULATION 393 11.9 CIRCUITS 395 11.10 UNITS 398 11.11 REFERENCES 400
12. ELEMENTARY PARTICLES 402 H. SCHELLMAN 12.1 THE STANDARD MODEL 403
12.1.1 FUNDAMENTAL FERMIONS 403 12.1.2 ELECTROWEAK COUPLINGS 404 12.1.3
ELECTROWEAK LAGRANGIAN 404 12.1.4 CABIBBO-KOBAYASHI-MASKAWA MIXING
MATRIX 405 12.1.5 CP VIOLATION IN THE KAON SYSTEM 406 12.1.6 NEUTRINO
MASSES AND MIXING 407 12.1.7 STRONG INTERACTIONS 408 12.2 SELECTED
PARTICLE PROPERTIES 408 12.3 KINEMATICS 410 12.3.1 RELATIVISTIC
KINEMATICS OF REACTIONS AND DECAYS 410 12.3.2 BOOST OF A FOUR-VECTOR 411
12.3.3 DECAY LENGTH DISTRIBUTION 411 12.3.4 TWO-BODY DECAYS 411 12.3.5
THREE-BODY DECAYS 411 12.3.6 TWO-BODY REACTIONS 412 12.3.7 MANDELSTAM
VARIABLES 412 12.3.8 TRANSFORMATIONS BETWEEN THE LABORATORY AND THE
CENTER OF MASS FRAMES 413 XX CONTENTS 12.3.9 IN SPECIFIC FRAMES 413
12.3.10 LEPTON SCATTERING 413 12.3.11 INCLUSIVE PARTICLE PRODUCTION 414
12.4 DECAYS AND CROSS SECTIONS 414 12.4.1 LEPTON SCATTERING 414 12.4.2 E
+ E~ SCATTERING 416 12.4.3 RESONANCE PRODUCTION 416 12.4.4 HADRON
SCATTERING 417 12.4.5 FRAGMENTATION 417 12.4.6 TYPICAL INTERACTION CROSS
SECTIONS 417 12.5 PARTICLE DETECTORS 418 12.5.1 CHERENKOV RADIATION 418
12.5.2 IONIZATION ENERGY LOSS 418 12.5.3 MULTIPLE SCATTERING THROUGH
SMALL ANGLES 419 12.5.4 CHARGED PARTICLE TRAJECTORIES 419 12.5.5
CALORIMETRY 424 12.6 REFERENCES 424 13. FLUID DYNAMICS 425 STAVROS
TAVOULARIS 13.1 INTRODUCTION 426 13.2 PROPERTIES OF COMMON FLUIDS 427
13.3 MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION 429 13.3.1 EQUATIONS OF MOTION 429 13.3.2
DIMENSIONLESS PARAMETERS 431 13.3.3 SOME LAMINAR SOLUTIONS 433 13.4
INSTABILITY, TRANSITION, AND TURBULENCE 434 13.4.1 HYDRODYNAMIC
STABILITY 434 13.4.2 TRANSITION 434 13.4.3 TURBULENCE 435 13.5 FRICTION
AND DRAG 435 13.6 GAS DYNAMICS 437 13.6.1 WAVE PROPAGATION IN FLUIDS 437
13.6.2 ONE-DIMENSIONAL, ISENTROPIC, COMPRESSIBLE FLOW 437 13.6.3
SHOCKWAVES 438 13.7 MEASUREMENT IN FLUIDS 439 13.7.1 BULK FLOW
MEASUREMENT 439 13.7.2 FLOW VISUALIZATION 439 13.7.3 PRESSURE
MEASUREMENT 439 13.7.4 VELOCITY MEASUREMENT 440 13.7.5 TEMPERATURE
MEASUREMENT 440 13.7.6 THE FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY 441 13.8
REFERENCES 441 CONTENTS XXI 14. MECHANICS 444 FLORIAN SCHECK 14.1
INTRODUCTION 445 14.2 NEWTONIAN MECHANICS 445 14.2.1 NEWTON S LAWS AND
INERTIAL FRAMES 445 14.2.2 KEPLER S LAWS FOR PLANETARY MOTION 447 14.2.3
PHASE SPACE AND DETERMINISM 448 14.3 CANONICAL MECHANICS 450 14.3.1
LAGRANGIAN FUNCTIONS AND EULER-LAGRANGE EQUATIONS 450 14.3.2 HAMILTONIAN
SYSTEMS 451 14.3.3 CANONICAL TRANSFORMATIONS AND HAMILTON-JACOBI
EQUATION . . . 452 14.3.4 ACTION-ANGLE VARIABLES, MANIFOLDS OF MOTION
454 14.4 RIGID BODIES 455 14.4.1 THE INERTIA TENSOR 455 14.4.2 EULER S
EQUATIONS 457 14.4.3 SPINNING TOPS 458 14.5 RELATIVISTIC KINEMATICS 458
14.5.1 LORENTZ TRANSFORMATIONS AND DECOMPOSITION THEOREM 459 14.5.2
CAUSAL ORBITS, ENERGY, AND MOMENTUM 460 14.5.3 TIME DILATATION AND SCALE
CONTRACTION 461 14.5.4 MOTION OF FREE PARTICLES IN SRT AND GRT 462 14.6
HAMILTONIAN DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS 464 14.6.1 LONG-TERM BEHAVIOR OF
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 464 14.6.2 DETERMINISTIC CHAOS IN HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS
465 14.7 REFERENCES 465 15. MEDICAL PHYSICS 467 WILLIAM R. HENDEE AND
MICHAEL YESTER 15.1 INTRODUCTION 469 15.1.1 IMAGING 469 15.2 IONIZING
RADIATION: X- AND Y -RAYS 470 15.2.1 INTERACTION OF X- AND Y -RAYS WITH
TISSUE 470 15.2.2 X-RAY DOSAGE 472 15.2.3 X-RAY IMAGE CONTRAST 478 15.3
IONIZING RADIATION: ELECTRONS 478 15.4 HEALTH RISKS 480 15.5 ULTRASOUND
480 15.6 MAGNETIC RESONANCE 480 15.7 BRACHYTHERAPY . 483 15.8 NUCLEAR
MEDICINE 487 15.9 REFERENCES 489 16. MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY AND
STRUCTURE 492 PETER F. BERNATH 16.1 INTRODUCTION 493 XXH CONTENTS 16.2
ROTATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY 493 16.2.1 DIATOMICS 494 16.2.2 LINEAR MOLECULES
498 16.2.3 SYMMETRIC TOPS 498 16.2.4 ASYMMETRIC TOPS 499 16.2.5
SPHERICAL TOPS 502 16.3 VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY 502 16.3.1 DIATOMICS
503 16.3.2 LINEAR MOLECULES 507 16.3.3 SYMMETRIC TOPS 509 16.3.4
ASYMMETRIC TOPS 511 16.3.5 SPHERICAL TOPS 511 16.3.6 RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
512 16.4 ELECTRONIC SPECTRA 513 16.4.1 DIATOMICS 514 16.4.2 POLYATOMICS
517 16.5 STRUCTURE DETERMINATION 517 16.6 REFERENCES 520 17. NONLINEAR
PHYSICS AND COMPLEXITY 522 PAUL MANNEVILLE 17.1 DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS AND
BIFURCATIONS 523 17.1.1 PRELIMINARIES 523 17.1.2 TANGENT DYNAMICS AND
CENTER-MANIFOLD REDUCTION 525 17.1.3 BIFURCATIONS 527 17.2 CHAOS AND
FRACTALS 529 17.2.1 THE NATURE OF CHAOS 531 17.2.2 FRACTAL PROPERTIES
AND DIMENSIONS 532 17.2.3 ROUTES TO CHAOS 534 17.2.4 APPLIED NONLINEAR
DYNAMICS 535 17.3 SPACE-TIME DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS 536 17.3.1 CLASSIFICATION
OF INSTABILITIES AND THE MODELING ISSUE 536 17.3.2 CONTINUOUS APPROACH
TO SPACE-TIME BEHAVIOR 537 17.3.3 DISCRETE APPROACH TO SPACE-TIME
BEHAVIOR 539 17.4 REFERENCES 542 18. NUCLEAR PHYSICS / . . 544 KENNETH
S. KRANE 18.1 NUCLEAR PROPERTIES ; 545 18.1.1 SIZE AND SHAPE OF NUCLEI
545 18.1.2 MASS AND BINDING ENERGY 546 18.1.3 ELECTROMAGNETIC MOMENTS
546 18.1.4 ISOSPIN IN NUCLEI 548 18.2 RADIOACTIVE DECAY 549 18.2.1
RADIOACTIVE DECAY LAWS 549 CONTENTS XXIII 18.2.2 ALPHA DECAY 550 18.2.3
BETA DECAY 551 18.2.4 GAMMA DECAY 552 18.2.5 INTERNAL CONVERSION 553
18.2.6 UNITS FOR RADIOACTIVITY 554 18.3 NUCLEAR MODELS 555 18.3.1 THE
SHELL MODEL 555 18.3.2 THE DEFORMED SHELL MODEL 556 18.3.3 THE
COLLECTIVE MODEL 556 18.4 INTERACTION OF NUCLEAR RADIATION WITH MATTER
559 18.4.1 HEAVY CHARGED PARTICLES 559 18.4.2 ELECTRONS 560 18.4.3
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION 561 18.4.4 NEUTRONS 562 18.5 NUCLEAR REACTIONS
563 18.5.1 NONRELATIVISTIC KINEMATICS 563 18.5.2 CROSS SECTIONS 564 18.6
COMPILATIONS OF NUCLEAR DATA 565 18.7 REFERENCES 566 19. OPTICS 568
JOSEPH READER 19.1 REFLECTION AND REFRACTION 570 19.1.1 REFLECTION 570
19.1.2 INDEX OF REFRACTION 570 19.1.3 REFRACTION AT A PLANE SURFACE 572
19.1.4 COEFFICIENTS OF REFLECTANCE AND TRANSMITTANCE 572 19.1.5
REFLECTANCE AND TRANSMITTANCE AT NORMAL INCIDENCE 573 19.1.6 BREWSTER S
ANGLE OF REFLECTION 573 19.1.7 TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION 574 19.1.8 BEAM
DISPLACEMENT BY A PLANE PARALLEL PLATE 575 19.1.9 PRISMS 575 19.1.10
REFRACTION AT A SPHERICAL SURFACE 576 19.2 ABSORPTION 577 19.2.1
INTERNAL TRANSMITTANCE AND TOTAL TRANSMITTANCE 577 19.2.2 OPTICAL
DENSITY * 577 19.3 LENSES 578 19.3.1 IMAGING BY LENSES 578 19.3.2
MINIMUM FOCAL DISTANCE 580 19.3.3 LENS POWER AND F-NUMBER 580 19.3.4
LENS MAKER S FORMULA 580 19.3.5 THIN LENSES IN COMBINATION 580 19.3.6
RAY TRACING FOR LENSES 581 19.4 MIRRORS 581 XXIV CONTENTS 19.4.1 IMAGING
BY MIRRORS 581 19.4.2 RAY TRACING FOR MIRRORS 583 19.5 DIFFRACTION 583
19.5.1 DIFFRACTION BY A SINGLE SLIT 583 19.5.2 DIFFRACTION AT A CIRCULAR
APERTURE 584 19.5.3 RESOLVING POWER OF A TELESCOPE 584 19.5.4 RESOLVING
POWER OF A MICROSCOPE 585 19.6 INTERFERENCE 586 19.6.1 DOUBLE SLIT
INTENSITY DISTRIBUTION 586 19.6.2 DIFFRACTION GRATINGS 587 19.6.3
DISPERSION OF A DIFFRACTION GRATING 588 19.6.4 RESOLVING POWER OF A
DIFFRACTION GRATING 588 19.6.5 FREE SPECTRAL RANGE 589 19.6.6 OPTIMUM
SLIT WIDTH 589 19.6.7 GRATING BLAZE 589 19.6.8 ROWLAND CIRCLE 589 19.6.9
MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER 589 19.6.10 FABRY-PEROT INTERFEROMETER 590 19.7
SPECTRA 593 19.7.1 IMPORTANT SPECTRAL LINES 593 19.7.2 COMMON LASER
WAVELENGTHS 596 19.8 REFERENCES 596 20. PARTICLE ACCELERATORS AND
STORAGE RINGS 597 KAI DESLER AND DONALD A. EDWARDS 20.1 INTRODUCTION 598
20.2 SINGLE-PARTICLE MOTION 598 20.2.1 LINEAR TRANSVERSE MOTION 599
20.2.2 LONGITUDINAL MOTION 604 20.2.3 TRANSVERSE COUPLING 606 20.2.4
NONLINEAR EFFECTS 608 20.2.5 SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 611 20.3
MULTIPARTICLE DYNAMICS 615 20.3.1 SPACE CHARGE 615 20.3.2 COLLECTIVE
INSTABILITIES 617 20.3.3 BEAM COOLING 619 20.3.4 LUMINOSITY 622 20.4
REFERENCES 623 21. PLASMA PHYSICS 625 DAVID L. BOOK 21.1 FUNDAMENTAL
PLASMA PARAMETERS 626 21.1.1 FREQUENCIES 626 21.1.2 LENGTHS 627 21.1.3
VELOCITIES 628 CONTENTS XXV 21.1.4 DIMENSIONLESS 628 21.1.5
MISCELLANEOUS 628 21.2 PLASMA DISPERSION FUNCTION 629 21.2.1 DEFINITION
629 21.2.2 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION 631 21.2.3 SERIES EXPANSIONS 631 21.2.4
SYMMETRY PROPERTIES 631 21.2.5 TWO-POLE APPROXIMATIONS 631 21.3
COLLISIONS AND TRANSPORT 632 21.3.1 RELAXATION RATES 632 21.3.2
TEMPERATURE ISOTROPIZATION 634 21.3.3 THERMAL EQUILIBRATION 634 21.3.4
COULOMB LOGARITHM 635 21.3.5 FOKKER-PLANCK EQUATION 635 21.3.6 B-G-K
COLLISION OPERATOR 636 21.3.7 TRANSPORT COEFFICIENTS 637 21.3.8 WEAKLY
IONIZED PLASMAS 639 21.4 SOLAR AND IONOSPHERIC PHYSICS 640 21.5
THERMONUCLEAR FUSION 642 21.5.1 BASIC DATA AND RELATIONSHIPS 642 21.5.2
FUSION REACTIONS 642 21.6 ELECTRON AND ION BEAMS 644 21.7 LASER-PLASMA
INTERACTIONS 648 21.7.1 SYSTEM PARAMETERS 648 21.7.2 FORMULAS 648 21.8
ATOMIC PHYSICS AND RADIATION 649 21.8.1 EXCITATION AND DECAY 650 21.8.2
IONIZATION AND RECOMBINATION 650 21.8.3 IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM MODELS
651 21.8.4 RADIATION 652 21.9 REFERENCES 654 22. POLYMER PHYSICS 656
STEPHEN Z. D. CHENG 22.1 INTRODUCTION 658 22.2 POLYMER MOLECULES . . 658
22.3 MOLECULAR-MASS AVERAGES # 658 22.3.1 FCTH MOMENT OF A
MOLECULAR-MASS DISTRIBUTION P(M) 658 22.3.2 MOLECULAR-MASS AVERAGES 658
22.4 SINGLE-CHAIN DIMENSIONS 659 22.5 0 SOLVENTS AND TEMPERATURES 660
22.6 MOLECULAR-WEIGHT CHARACTERIZATION 662 22.6.1 SOLUTION VISCOSITY 662
22.6.2 OSMOTIC PRESSURE TT 662 22.6.3 ULTRACENTRIFUGATION 663 XXVI
CONTENTS 22.6.4 STATIC LIGHT SCATTERING 663 22.6.5 DYNAMIC
(QUASIELASTIC) LIGHT SCATTERING 663 22.7 CHARACTERIZATION BY
SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES 664 22.7.1 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 664
22.7.2 VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY 664 22.8 CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 664 22.9
BOND LENGTHS AND ANGLES OF POLYMERS 667 22.10 MELTING AND
CRYSTALLIZATION 669 22.10.1 VARIATION OF MELTING POINT OF THIN CRYSTALS
WITH THICKNESS . . . 669 22.10.2 SPHERULITIC GROWTH RATE CONTROLLED BY
SECONDARY (SURFACE) NUCLEATION 669 22.10.3 AVRAMI EQUATION TO DESCRIBE
OVERALL KINETICS OF PHASE CHANGES 670 22.11 LIQUID CRYSTALLINE
TRANSITIONS 670 22.12 HEAT CAPACITY AND THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS 671
22.12.1 HEAT CAPACITY IN SOLID AND LIQUID STATES OF SEMICRYSTALLINE
POLYMERS 671 22.12.2 GENERAL FEATURES OF THE HEAT CAPACITY 672 22.12.3
RESIDUAL ENTROPIES AT ABSOLUTE ZERO FOR GLASS POLYMERS AND OTHER
PROPERTIES 673 22.13 GLASS TRANSITION 673 22.14 THERMAL EXPANSION 675
22.15 OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS 676 22.15.1 ORIENTATION
BIREFRINGENCE AN IN AMORPHOUS POLYMERS 676 22.15.2 STRESS OPTICAL
COEFFICIENT C 676 22.15.3 FORM BIREFRINGENCE AN/IN TWO-PHASE SYSTEMS 676
22.15.4 BIREFRINGENCE AN OF ORIENTED CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS 676 22.15.5
BIREFRINGENCE OF SPHERULITES AN SP H 676 22.16 STRESS CR,J AND
DISPLACEMENT M ; -AT CRACK TIPS 677 22.17 INTERNAL FRICTION PEAKS IN
SEMICRYSTALLINE POLYMERS 678 22.18 REPRESENTATIVE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
OF SOME COMMON STRUCTURAL POLYMERS 679 22.19 RHEOLOGY 680 22.19.1
INTRODUCTION 680 22.19.2 LINEAR VISCOELASTICITY 680 22.20 ELECTRICAL
PROPERTIES 684 22.20.1 DIPOLE MOMENTS . . . 684 22.20.2 TYPICAL
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES 684 22.21 DIFFUSION AND PERMEATION 685 22.21.1
DIFFUSION INTO PLANE SHEET 685 22.21.2 DIFFUSION DATA 686 22.21.3 GAS
TRANSMISSION 686 22.22 NONLINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES 686 22.23 REFERENCES
690 CONTENTS XXVII 23. QUANTUM THEORY 693 M. P. SILVERMAN AND R. L.
MALLETT PART I. QUANTUM MECHANICS 694 23.1 BASIC FORMALISMS 694 23.2
OPERATOR REPRESENTATIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS 695 23.2.1 OPERATOR ALGEBRA
695 23.2.2 COORDINATE AND LINEAR MOMENTUM OPERATORS 695 23.2.3 ANGULAR
MOMENTUM 697 23.2.4 HAMILTONIAN 701 23.2.5 COMMUTATION AND UNCERTAINTY
RELATIONS 701 23.3 QUANTUM DYNAMICS 703 23.3.1 TIME-DISPLACEMENT
OPERATOR 703 23.3.2 SINGLE-PARTICLE WAVE EQUATIONS 703 23.3.3 OPERATOR
EQUATIONS OF MOTION 705 23.4 APPROXIMATE METHODS: STATIONARY STATES 706
23.4.1 PERTURBATION THEORY (BOUND STATES) 706 23.4.2 VARIATIONAL METHOD
708 23.4.3 WENTZEL-KRAMERS-BRILLOUIN (WKB) THEORY 708 23.4.4 SCATTERING
THEORY (STATIONARY STATE) 710 23.5 TIME-DEPENDENT PERTURBATION THEORY
711 23.5.1 FIRST-ORDER TRANSITIONS 711 23.5.2 SECOND-ORDER TRANSITIONS
711 23.5.3 FERMI GOLDEN RULE 711 23.5.4 DENSITY OF STATES 712 23.5.5
EXPONENTIAL DECAY 712 23.6 RADIATION THEORY 712 23.6.1 INTERACTION
HAMILTONIAN 712 23.6.2 ABSORPTION AND EMISSION 713 23.6.3 MULTIPOLE
TRANSITIONS 713 23.6.4 SUM RULES 714 23.7 ADDITIONAL LINKS TO QUANTUM
SYSTEMS IN OTHER CHAPTERS 715 23.7.1 COULOMB POTENTIAL 715 23.7.2
QUANTUM ROTATOR 715 23.7.3 ANHARMONIC OSCILLATOR 715 PART II. QUANTUM
FIELD THEORY 715 23.8 BRIEF HISTORY 715 23.9 FEYNMAN RULES FOR GAUGE
THEORIES 715 23.9.1 THE S MATRIX 715 23.9.2 CROSS SECTIONS 716 23.9.3
DECAY RATES 716 23.9.4 DIAGRAMMATIC CONSTRUCTION OF AMPLITUDES 716
23.9.5 FERMION SPIN SUMS 720 23.9.6 POLARIZATION SUMS 721 23.9.7
CONTRACTION AND TRACE RELATIONS 721 XXVIII CONTENTS 23.10 QUANTUM
CHROMODYNAMICS 721 23.11 STANDARD ELECTROWEAK MODEL 722 23.11.1 COUPLING
CONSTANTS AND FIELDS 722 23.11.2 EXAMPLE: ELASTIC NEUTRINO-ELECTRON
SCATTERING 723 23.12 REFERENCES 724 24. SOLID STATE PHYSICS 725 COSTAS
M. SOUKOULIS AND ELEFTHERIOS N. ECONOMOU 24.1 INTRODUCTION 727 24.2
CLASSIFICATION OF SOLIDS ACCORDING TO THEIR BONDING CHARACTER 727 24.2.1
SIMPLE METALS 727 24.2.2 TRANSITION AND RARE-EARTH METALS 727 24.2.3
COVALENT SOLIDS 728 24.2.4 IONIC SOLIDS 728 24.2.5 VAN DER WAALS SOLIDS
728 24.2.6 CRYSTALS WITH HYDROGEN BONDING 728 24.3 APPROXIMATIONS 728
24.4 ELECTRONS IN PERIODIC SOLIDS 729 24.4.1 BLOCH S THEOREM; RECIPROCAL
LATTICE; BRILLOUIN ZONE 729 24.4.2 DENSITY OF STATES 730 24.4.3 JELLIUM
MODEL 732 24.5 METHODS FOR BAND-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS 734 24.5.1
GENERAL COMPUTATIONAL FRAMEWORK 734 24.5.2 LINEAR COMBINATION OF ATOMIC
ORBITALS 736 24.5.3 PLANE WAVE METHOD 736 24.5.4 OTHER METHODS 737 24.6
IONIC VIBRATIONS 737 24.7 THERMODYNAMIC QUANTITIES 739 24.8 LINEAR
RESPONSE TO PERTURBATIONS 741 24.8.1 DIELECTRIC FUNCTION AND
CONDUCTIVITY 741 24.8.2 TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE DC CONDUCTIVITY
744 24.8.3 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND THERMOELECTRIC POWER 746 24.8.4 HALL
EFFECT AND MAGNETORESISTANCE 746 24.8.5 CYCLOTRON RESONANCE, ESR, AND
NMR 747 24.9 DISORDERED SYSTEMS 747 24.9.1 LOCALIZATION AND
METAL-INSULATOR TRANSITION 747 24.9.2 METAL-INSULATOR TRANSITION IN 2D
DISORDERED SYSTEMS . . . . . . 749 24.10 MAGNETISM 749 24.11
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 751 24.12 ELEMENTARY EXCITATIONS 753 24.12.1 EXCITONS
753 24.12.2 POLARONS AND BIPOLARONS 753 24.12.3 SPIN WAVES 754 24.13
ARTIFICIAL SOLID STRUCTURES AND PHOTONIC CRYSTALS 754 24.14 REFERENCES
755 CONTENTS XXIX 25. SURFACES AND FILMS 756 ROLAND RESCH AND BRUCE E.
KOEL 25.1 INTRODUCTION 757 25.2 SURFACE ANALYSIS: PROBING SURFACES AND
FILMS 758 25.2.1 ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY 758 25.2.2 ION SPECTROSCOPY 759
25.2.3 ELECTRON DIFFRACTION 761 25.2.4 FIELD EMISSION 762 25.2.5
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 762 25.2.6 SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY 762 25.3
STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF SURFACES 764 25.3.1 THERMODYNAMICS OF
ONE-COMPONENT SURFACES 764 25.3.2 SURFACE MORPHOLOGY, DEFECTS, AND
DISLOCATIONS 765 25.3.3 SURFACE LATTICES AND SUPERSTRUCTURES 765 25.3.4
ATOMISTIC STRUCTURE: RELAXATION AND RECONSTRUCTION 767 25.3.5 SURFACES
OF COMPOUNDS AND METAL ALLOYS 767 25.4 ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AT SURFACES
767 25.5 THE GAS-SOLID INTERFACE 769 25.5.1 SOLID-GAS INTERACTIONS 769
25.5.2 ENERGY ACCOMMODATION AND ADSORPTION 770 25.5.3 DESORPTION 772
25.5.4 SURFACE DIFFUSION 772 25.5.5 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AT SOLID SURFACES
773 25.6 SOLID-LIQUID AND LIQUID-LIQUID INTERFACES 774 25.6.1
ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES AND THE DOUBLE LAYER 774 25.6.2 SOLID-LIQUID
INTERACTIONS 776 25.6.3 SOLID-LIQUID REACTIONS 777 25.7 FILM FORMATION
AND STRUCTURE 778 25.7.1 NUCLEATION AND GROWTH MODES 778 25.7.2
STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THIN FILMS 781 25.7.3 FILM GROWTH FROM THE
GASEOUS PHASE 781 25.1.4 FILM GROWTH FROM THE LIQUID PHASE 784 25.7.5
FILM GROWTH AT THE GAS-LIQUID INTERFACE 785 25.8 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
OF SURFACES AND THIN FILMS 785 25.8.1 FRICTION 785 25.8.2 LUBRICATION
787 25.8.3 WEAR , 787 25.8.4 ADHESION 787 25.9 REFERENCES 788 26.
THERMODYNAMICS AND THERMOPHYSICS 791 J. P. MARTIN TRUSLER AND WILLIAM A.
WAKEHAM 26.1 INTRODUCTION 792 26.2 CLASSICAL THERMODYNAMICS 792 26.2.1
THE LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS 792 XXX CONTENTS 26.2.2 CONSEQUENCES OF THE
FIRST AND SECOND LAWS 795 26.2.3 DEPENDENCE OF THE THERMODYNAMIC
PROPERTIES ON TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE, AND COMPOSITION 797 26.2.4 PHASE
EQUILIBRIA 800 26.2.5 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA 801 26.3 STATISTICAL
THERMODYNAMICS 801 26.3.1 POSTULATES OF STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS 802
26.3.2 THE PERFECT GAS 804 26.3.3 REAL GASES 806 26.4 TRANSPORT
PROPERTIES 807 26.4.1 FLUXES AND GRADIENTS 807 26.4.2 DEFINITIONS OF
TRANSPORT COEFFICIENTS 809 26.4.3 MEASUREMENT OF TRANSPORT PROPERTIES
810 26.5 KINETIC THEORY 812 26.5.1 THE BOLTZMANN EQUATION 812 26.5.2 THE
TRANSPORT PROPERTIES 813 26.5.3 MONATOMIC GASES 814 26.5.4 DENSE FLUIDS
815 26.6 REFERENCES 816 27. PRACTICAL LABORATORY DATA 817 DAVID R. LIDE
27.1 INTRODUCTION 817 27.2 TABLE: PERIODIC TABLE 819 27.3 TABLE:
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS 820 27.4 TABLE: THERMAL AND
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS 826 27.5 TABLE: DIELECTRIC CONSTANT
(RELATIVE PERMITTIVITY) OF LIQUIDS 828 27.6 TABLE: VISCOSITY OF LIQUIDS
AND GASES 830 27.7 TABLE: VAPOR PRESSURE OF THE ELEMENTS AND SELECTED
COMPOUNDS . ... 831 27.8 TABLE: VAPOR PRESSURE OF CRYOGENIC FLUIDS 835
27.9 TABLE: AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS 836 27.10 TABLE:
SOLUBILITY OF GASES IN WATER 838 27.11 TABLE: PROPERTIES OF
MISCELLANEOUS SOLID MATERIALS 838 27.12 TABLE: DENSITIES KNOWN TO HIGH
ACCURACY 840 27.13 FIXED POINTS ON THE INTERNATIONAL TEMPERATURE SCALE
OF 1990 841 27.14 TABLE: PROPERTIES OF LIQUID HELIUM 842 27.15 TABLE:
PROPERTIES OF WATER AND ICE ,. . . 843 27.16 TABLE: VAPOR PRESSURE OF
WATER ON THE ITS-90 TEMPERATURE SCALE ... 843 INDEX 845
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)131719750 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV016974554 |
| callnumber-first | Q - Science |
| callnumber-label | QC61 |
| callnumber-raw | QC61 |
| callnumber-search | QC61 |
| callnumber-sort | QC 261 |
| callnumber-subject | QC - Physics |
| classification_rvk | UC 300 |
| classification_tum | PHY 001b |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)248637577 (DE-599)BVBBV016974554 |
| dewey-full | 530 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 530 - Physics |
| dewey-raw | 530 |
| dewey-search | 530 |
| dewey-sort | 3530 |
| dewey-tens | 530 - Physics |
| discipline | Physik |
| edition | 3. ed. |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01918nam a2200517 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV016974554</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20051114 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">030311s2003 gw ad|| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="016" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">966496922</subfield><subfield code="2">DE-101</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">0387989730</subfield><subfield code="9">0-387-98973-0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780387989730</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-387-98973-0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)248637577</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV016974554</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakddb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="044" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">gw</subfield><subfield code="c">DE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-1047</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-29T</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-91G</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-384</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-634</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-862</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">QC61</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">530</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">UC 300</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)145520:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">PHY 001b</subfield><subfield code="2">stub</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">AIP physics desk reference</subfield><subfield code="c">E. Richard Cohen ... (ed.)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">3. ed.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">New York u.a.</subfield><subfield code="b">Springer u.a.</subfield><subfield code="c">2003</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XXXV, 888 S.</subfield><subfield code="b">Ill., graph. Darst.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Literaturangaben</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Astronomie</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Physik</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Physics</subfield><subfield code="v">Handbooks, manuals, etc</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Astronomie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4003311-9</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Physik</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4045956-1</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="655" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4148875-1</subfield><subfield code="a">Datensammlung</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd-content</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Physik</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4045956-1</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Astronomie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4003311-9</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Cohen, Emanuel Richard</subfield><subfield code="d">1922-</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)131719750</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="710" ind1="2" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">American Institute of Physics</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)7861-X</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">HEBIS Datenaustausch Darmstadt</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010250842&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-010250842</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| genre | (DE-588)4148875-1 Datensammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Datensammlung |
| id | DE-604.BV016974554 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-01T11:24:14Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)7861-X |
| isbn | 0387989730 9780387989730 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-010250842 |
| oclc_num | 248637577 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-1047 DE-29T DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-384 DE-634 DE-862 DE-BY-FWS |
| owner_facet | DE-1047 DE-29T DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-384 DE-634 DE-862 DE-BY-FWS |
| physical | XXXV, 888 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2003 |
| publishDateSearch | 2003 |
| publishDateSort | 2003 |
| publisher | Springer u.a. |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | AIP physics desk reference Astronomie Physik Physics Handbooks, manuals, etc Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 gnd Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003311-9 (DE-588)4045956-1 (DE-588)4148875-1 |
| title | AIP physics desk reference |
| title_auth | AIP physics desk reference |
| title_exact_search | AIP physics desk reference |
| title_full | AIP physics desk reference E. Richard Cohen ... (ed.) |
| title_fullStr | AIP physics desk reference E. Richard Cohen ... (ed.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | AIP physics desk reference E. Richard Cohen ... (ed.) |
| title_short | AIP physics desk reference |
| title_sort | aip physics desk reference |
| topic | Astronomie Physik Physics Handbooks, manuals, etc Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 gnd Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Astronomie Physik Physics Handbooks, manuals, etc Datensammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010250842&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cohenemanuelrichard aipphysicsdeskreference AT americaninstituteofphysics aipphysicsdeskreference |
Inhaltsverzeichnis
THWS Schweinfurt Zentralbibliothek Lesesaal
| Signatur: |
2000 UC 300 C678(3) |
|---|---|
| Exemplar 1 | ausleihbar Verfügbar Bestellen |