Principles of genetics:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY
Wiley
2003
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| Ausgabe: | 3. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverzeichnis S. 758 - 764 |
| Beschreibung: | XIX, 840 S. Ill. 1 CD-ROM |
| ISBN: | 0471441805 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Principles of genetics |c D. Peter Snustad ; Michael J. Simmons. Epilogue by James F. Crow ; problems edited by H. James Price |
| 250 | |a 3. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New York, NY |b Wiley |c 2003 | |
| 300 | |a XIX, 840 S. |b Ill. |e 1 CD-ROM | ||
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| 500 | |a Literaturverzeichnis S. 758 - 764 | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Génétique | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Génétique |2 ram | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804129562370506752 |
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| adam_text | Brief Contents
An Introduction to the Science of Genetics
Chapter 1 The Science of Genetics 3
Chapter 2 Reproduction as the Basis of Heredity 22
Classical Genetic Analysis
Chapter 3 Mendelism: The Basic Principles of Inheritance 52
Chapter 4 Extensions of Mendelism 72
Chapter 5 Inheritance of Complex Traits 90
Chapter 6 The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelism 114
Chapter 7 Variation in Chromosome Number and Structure 134
Chapter 8 Linkage, Crossing Over, and Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes 156
Chapter 9 Advanced Linkage Analysis 178
The Molecular Biology of Genes
Chapter 10 DNA and the Molecular Structure of Chromosomes 204
Chapter 11 Replication of DNA and Chromosomes 237
Chapter 12 Transcription and RNA Processing 273
Chapter 13 Translation and the Genetic Code 303
Chapter 14 Mutation, DNA Repair, and Recombination 332
Chapter 15 Definitions of the Gene 367
The Genetics of Viruses, Bacteria, Transposons, and Eukaryotic Organelles
Chapter 16 The Genetics of Viruses 395
Chapter 17 The Genetics of Bacteria 418
Chapter 18 Transposable Genetic Elements 440
Chapter 19 The Genetics of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts 462
Molecular Genetic Analysis
Chapter 20 The Techniques of Molecular Genetics 482
Chapter 21 Genomics 514
Chapter 22 Molecular Analysis of Genes and Gene Products 547
The Regulation of Gene Expression
Chapter 23 Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes and Their Viruses 573
Chapter 24 Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes 600
The Genetic Control of Biological Processes
Chapter 25 The Genetic Control of Animal Development 629
Chapter 26 The Genetic Control of Behavior 656
Chapter 27 The Genetic Control of the Vertebrate Immune System 674
Chapter 28 The Genetic Basis of Cancer 695
The Genetics of the Evolutionary Process
Chapter 29 Population and Evolutionary Genetics 719
Epilogue by James F. Crow 751
x
Contents
An Introduction to the Science of Genetics
A Conversation with Vtilery N. Soyfer I
1 THE SCIENCE OF GENETICS 3
A Passion for Experimenting 3
Classical and Molecular Genetics 4
Genetics in the Genomics and Proteomics Era 5
Genetics in the News 6
Genetics and Medicine 8
Genetics and Modern Agriculture 12
Genetics and Society 15
The Principles of Genetics: An Overview 16
DNA: The Genetic Material 11
DNA Replication: Transmission of Genetic
Information 17
Gene Expression: Control of Growth and
Development 17
Mutation: Changes in the Genetic Material
over Time 19
Human Genetics Sidelight: Hemophilia: Successful Treatment
of a Once Deadly Disorder 10
2 REPRODUCTION AS THE BASIS
OF HEREDITY 22
An Accident in Cell Division 22
The Cell as the Basic Unit of Life 23
The Prokaryotic Cell 23
The Eukaryotic Cell 24
The Chromosome: An Overview 27
The Cell Cycle 28
Cell Division: Mitosis 28
Cell Division: Meiosis 32
Meiotic Abnormalities 36
The Evolutionary Significance of Meiosis 36
The Formation and Union of Gametes 3 7
Oogenesis: The Formation of the Egg 37
Spermatogenesis: The Formation of Sperm 38
Gamete Formation in Plants 39
The Life Cycles of Some Genetically Important
Organisms 39
Neurospora crassa: The Simple Bread Mold 40
Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Bakers Yeast 42
Arabidopsis thaliana: A Model Plant 43
Drosophila melanogaster: The Fruit Fly 45
Humans 45
Technical Sidelight: Dolly: To Clone or Not to Clone 41
Classical Genetic Analysis
A Conversation xvith Joseph G. Gall 50
3 MENDELISM: THE BASIC PRINCIPLES
OF INHERITANCE 52
The Birth of Genetics: A Scientific Revolution 52
Mendel s Study of Heredity 53
Mendel s Experimental Organism, the Garden
Pea 53
Monohybrid Crosses: The Principles of Dominance and
Segregation 54
Dihybrid Crosses: The Principle of Independent
Assortment 56
Applications of Mendel s Principles 58
The Punnett Square Method 58
The Forked Line Method 58
The Probability Method 59
Formulating and Testing Genetic Hypotheses 61
The Chi Square Test 61
Mendelian Principles in Human Genetics 63
Pedigrees 64
Mendelian Segregation in Human Families 64
Genetic Counseling 65
Technical Sidelight: The Multiplicative and Additive Rules
of Probability 60
Technical Sidelight: Binomial Probabilities 66
4 EXTENSIONS OF MENDFL1SM 72
Genetics Grows Beyond Mendel s Monastery Garden 12
Allelic Variation and Gene Function 73
Incomplete Dominance and Codominance 13
Multiple Alleles 14
Allelic Series 15
Testing Gene Mutations for Allelism 15
Variation Among the Effects of Mutations 16
Genes Function to Produce Polypeptides 11
Why Are Some Mutations Dominant and Others
Recessive? 18
Gene Action: From Genotype to Phenotype 80
Influence of the Environment 80
Environmental Effects on the Expression of Human
Genes 80
Penetrance and Expressivity 81
Gene Interactions 83
Epistasis 83
Pleiotropy 85
Historical Sidelight: Genetic Symbols: Evolution
in a Dynamic Science 18
Human Genetics Sidelight: The Hapsburg Jaw: A Dominant
Trait with Incomplete Penetrance and Variable Expressivity
in the European Nobility 82
xi
Xii CONTENTS
5 INHERITANCE OF COMPLEX
TRAITS 90
Cardiovascular Disease: A Combination of Genetic and
Environmental Factors 90
Complex Patterns of Inheritance 91
Quantitative Traits 91
Threshold Traits 94
Statistics of Quantitative Genetics 95
Frequency Distributions 95
The Mean and the Modal Class 96
The Variance and the Standard Deviation 97
Analysis of Quantitative Traits 98
The Multiple Factor Hypothesis 98
Partitioning the Phenotypic Variance 99
Broad Sense Heritability 99
Narrow Sense Heritability 100
Predicting Phenotypes 101
Artificial Selection 102
Quantitative Trait Loci 103
Inbreeding and the Resemblance Between
Relatives 105
The Effects of Inbreeding 105
Genetic Analysis of Inbreeding 101
Correlations Between Relatives 109
Human Genetics Sidelight: Genetic Counseling arid
Multifactoral Traits 95
Technical Sidelight: Artificial Selection for Body Size 104
6 THE CHROMOSOMAL BASIS
OFMENDELISM 114
Sex, Chromosomes, and Genes 114
Chromosomes 115
Chromosome Number 115
Sex Chromosomes 115
The Chromosome Theory of Heredity 117
Experimental Evidence Linking the Inheritance
of Genes to Chromosomes 111
Chromosomes as Arrays of Genes 118
Nondisjunction as Proof of the Chromosome Theory 119
The Chromosomal Basis of Mendel s Principles
of Segregation and Independent Assortment 121
Sex Linked Genes in Human Beings 122
Hemophilia, an X Linked Blood Clotting
Disorder 122
Color Blindness, an X Linked Vision Disorder 124
The Fragile X Syndrovie and Mental Retardation 125
Genes on the Human Y Chromosome 125
Genes on Both the X and Y Chromosomes 126
Sex Chromosomes and Sex Determination 126
Sex Determination in Human Beings 126
Sex Determination in Drosophila 121
Sex Detenuination in Other Animals 128
Dosage Compensation of X Linked Genes 129
Hyperactivation of X Linked Genes in Male
Drosophila 129
Inactivation of X Linked Genes in Female
Mammals 129
Historical Sidelight: Drosophila, T. H. Morgan, and The
Fly Room 120
7 VARIATION IN CHROMOSOME
NUMBER AND STRUCTURE 134
Chromosomes, Agriculture, and Civilization 134
Cytological Techniques 135
Analysis ofMitotic Chromosomes 135
The Human Karyotype 131
Cytogenetic Variation: An Overview 131
Polyploidy 139
Sterile Polyploids 139
Fertile Polyploids 140
Tissue Specific Polyploidy and Polyteny 141
Aneuploidy 142
Trisomy in Human Beings 143
Monosomy 144
Deletions and Duplications of Chromosome
Segments 141
Rearrangements of Chromosome Structure 148
Inversions 148
Translocations 149
Compound Chromosomes and Robertsonian
Translocations 151
Human Genetics Sidelight: Amniocentesis and
Chorionic Biopsy: Procedures to Detect Aneuploidy in
Human Fetuses 146
8 LINKAGE, CROSSING OVER,
AND CHROMOSOME MAPPING
INEUKARYOTES 156
The World s First Chromosome Map 156
Linkage, Recombination, and Crossing Over 157
Exceptions to the Mendelian Principle of Independent
Assortment 151
Frequency of Recombination as a Measure of Linkage
Intensity 158
Crossing Over as the Physical Basis
of Recombination 159
Evidence That Crossing Over Causes Recombination 161
Chiasmata and the Time of Crossing Over 161
Chromosome Mapping 162
Crossing Over as a Measure of Genetic Distance 162
Reco?nbi?iation Mapping with a Two Point
Testcross 163
Recombination Mapping with a Three Point
Testcross 164
Recombination Frequency and Genetic Map
Distance 161
Chiasma Frequency and Genetic Map Distance 168
Genetic Distance a?id Physical Distance 168
Recombination and Evolution 169
Evolutiofiary Significance of Recombination 169
Suppression of Recombination by Inversions 169
Genetic Control of Recombination 112
Human Genetics Sidelight: Evolutionary Divergence of the
Human X and Y Chromosomes: A Role for Inversions that
Suppress Recombination 171
9 ADVANCED LINKAGE ANALYSIS 178
Huntington s Disease: A Challenge in Gene Mapping 178
Detection of Linkage in Experimental Organisms 179
Tetrad Analysis to Detect Linkage in Fungi 179
Balancer Chromosome Technique to Assign a Gene to a
Chromosome in Drosophila 182
Specialized Mapping Techniques 184
Centromere Mapping with Ordered Tetrads
in Neurospora 184
Cytogenetic Mapping with Deletions and Duplications
in Drosophila 186
Linkage Analysis in Humans 188
Detection of Linked Loci by Pedigree Analysis 188
Somatic Cell Genetics: An Alternative Approach
to Gene Mapping 192
Human Genetics Sidelight: Evidence for Linkage Between
the Genes for Hemophilia and Color Blindness 189
The Molecular Biology of Genes
A Conversation with Edward B. Lewis 202
1 0 DNA AND THE MOLECULAR
STRUCTURE OF CHROMOSOMES 204
Discovery ofNuclein 204
Functions of the Genetic Material 205
Proof That Genetic Information Is Stored in DNA 205
Discovery of Transformation in Bacteria 205
Proof That DNA Mediates Transformation 207
Proof That DNA Carries the Genetic Information in
Bacteriophage T2 208
Proof That RNA Stores the Genetic Information in
Some Viruses 209
The Structures of DNA and RNA 209
Nature of the Chemical Submits in DNA and
RNA 210
DNA Structure: The Double Helix 212
DNA Structure: Alternate Forms of the Double
Helix 215
DNA Structure: Negative Supercoils in Vivo 215
Chromosome Structure in Prokaryotes and Viruses 217
Chromosome Structure in Eukaryotes 218
Chemical Composition of Eukaryotic Chromosomes 218
One Large DNA Molecule per Chromosome 219
Three Levels of DNA Packaging in Eukaryotic
Chromosomes 222
Centromeres and Telomeres 226
Eukaryotic Genomes: Repeated DNA Sequences 228
Detection of Repeated Sequences: DNA Renaturation
Kinetics 229
CONTENTS XiH
Single Copy and Repetitive DNA Sequence in
Eukaryotic Genomes 231
Repeated Sequences in the Human Genome 233
Technical Sidelight: In Situ Hybridization 230
1 1 REPLICATION OF DNA AND
CHROMOSOMES 237
Monozygotic Twins: Are They Identical? 231
Basic Features of DNA Replication In Vivo 238
Semiconservative Replication 238
Visualization of Replication Forks
by Autoradiography 243
Unique Origins of Replication 244
Bidirectional Replication 245
DNA Polymerases and DNA Synthesis In Vitro 246
Discovery of DNA Polymerase I
in Escherichia coli 248
Multiple DNA Polymerases 249
DNA Polymerase III: The Replicase
in Escherichia coli 251
Proofreading Activities of DNA Polymerases 252
The Complex Replication Apparatus 253
Continuous Synthesis of One Strand; Discontinuous
Synthesis of the Other Strand 253
Covalent Closure of Nicks in DNA
by DNA Ligase 254
Initiation of DNA Chains with RNA Primers 255
Unwinding DNA with Helicases, DNA Binding
Proteins, and Topoisomerases 256
The Replication Apparatus: Prepriming Proteins,
Primosomes, and Replisomes 259
Rolling Circle Replication 260
Unique Aspects of Eukaryotic Chromosome
Replication 262
The Cell Cycle 262
Multiple Replicons per Chromosome 263
Two or More DNA Polymerases at a Single
Replication Fork 264
Duplication of Nucleosomes at Replication Forks 265
Telomerase: Replication of Chromosome Termini 261
Telomere Length and Aging in Humans 261
Technical Sidelight: Cesium Chloride Equilibrium
Density Gradient Centrifugation and Sucrose Velocity
Density Gradient Centrifugation: Two Important and
Distinct Tools 241
1 2 TRANSCRIPTION AND
RNA PROCESSING 273
Storage and Transmission of Information
with Simple Codes 213
The Genetic Control of Metabolism: An Overview 274
Transfer of Genetic Information:
The Central Dogma 275
Transaiption and Translation 215
Four Types of RNA Molecules 211
Xiv Contents
The Process of Gene Expression 277
An mRNA Intermediary 218
General Features ofRNA Synthesis 219
Transcription in Prokaryotes 282
RNA Polymerases: Complex Enzymes 283
Initiation of RNA Chains 283
Elongation of RNA Chains 283
Termination of RNA Chains 284
Concurrent Transcription, Translation, and mRNA
Degradation 284
Transcription and RNA Processing in Eukaryotes 285
Three RNA Polymerases/Three Sets of Genes 281
Initiation of RNA Chains 281
RNA Chain Elongation and the Addition of
5 Methyl Guanosine Caps 288
Termination by Chain Cleavage and the Addition
of 3 Poly (A) Tails 289
RNA Editing: Altering the Information Content
of mRNA Molecules 290
Interrupted Genes in Eukaryotes: Exons and Introns 292
Early Evidence for Noncoding Sequences in Eukaryotic
Genes 292
Some Very Large Eukaryotic Genes 294
Introns: Biological Significance? 294
Removal of Intron Sequences by RNA Splicing 296
tRNA Precursor Splicing: Unique Nuclease
and Ligase Activities 291
Autocatalytic Splicing 291
Pre mRNA Splicing: snRNAs, snRNPs,
and the Spliceosome 298
Technical Sidelight: An mRNA Intermediary: Evidence from,
Phage Infected E. coli 280
13 TRANSLATION AND
I HI (iF.NF.TIC: CODE 303
Sickle Cell Anemia: Devastating Effects of a Single Base
Pair Change 303
Protein Structure 304
Polypeptides: Twenty Different Amino
Acid Submits 304
Proteins: Complex Three Dimensional Structures 305
Protein Synthesis: Translation 308
Overview of Protein Synthesis 308
Components Required for Protein Synthesis: Ribosomes
and Transfer RNAs 309
Translation: The Synthesis of Polypeptides Using mRNA
Templates 313
The Genetic Code 320
Properties of the Genetic Code: An Overview 321
Three Nucleotides per Codon 321
Deciphering the Code 322
Initiation and Tennination Codons 323
A Degenerate and Ordered Code 324
A Nearly Universal Code 325
Codon tRNA Interactions 326
Recognition of Codons by tRNAs:
The Wobble Hypothesis 326
Suppressor Mutations That Produce tRNAs with
Altered Codon Recognition 321
In Vivo Confirmation of the Nature of the
Genetic Code 328
Historical Sidelight: Hannah Bernstein and the
Amber Codon 326
1 4 MUTATION, DNA REPAIR, AND
RECOMBINATION 332
Xeroderma Pigmentosum: Defective Repair of Damaged
DNA in Humans 332
Mutation: Source of the Genetic Variability Required
for Evolution 333
Mutation: Basic Features of the Process 334
Mutation: Somatic or Germinal 334
Mutation: Spontaneous or Induced 334
Mutation: Usually a Random, Nonadaptive
Process 335
Mutation: A Reversible Process 336
Mutation: Phenotypic Effects 337
Mutations with Phenotypic Effects: Usually Deleterious
and Recessive 338
Effects of Mutations in Human Globin Genes 339
Mutation in Humans: Blocks in Metabolic
Pathways 339
Conditional Lethal Mutations: Powerful Tools for
Genetic Studies 341
Muller s Demonstration That X Rays Are
Mutagenic 344
The Molecular Basis of Mutation 345
Mutations Induced by Chemicals 346
Mutations Induced by Radiation 350
Mutations Induced by Transposable Genetic
Elements 351
Expanding Trinucleotide Repeats and Inherited Human
Diseases 352
Screening Chemicals for Mutagenicity:
The Ames Test 353
DNA Repair Mechanisms 353
Light Dependent Repair 354
Excision Repair 354
Other DNA Repair Mechanisms 356
Inherited Human Diseases with Defects
in DNA Repair 358
DNA Recombination Mechanisms 358
Recombination: Cleavage and Rejoining of DNA
Molecules 358
Gene Conversion: DNA Repair Synthesis Associated
with Recombination 361
Human Genetics Sidelight: Tay Sachs Disease,
A Childhood Tragedy 341
1 5 DEFINITIONS OF THE GENE 367
Sir Archibald Garrod and Human Inborn Errors of
Metabolism 361
Evolution of the Concept of the Gene: Summary 368
Evolution of the Concept of the Gene: Function 370
Mendel: Constant Factors Controlling Phenotypic
Traits 310
Garrod: One Mutant Gene One Metabolic Block 311
Beadle and Tatum: One Gene One Enzyme 311
One Gene One Polypeptide 313
Evolution of the Concept of the Gene: Structure 3 74
The Pre 1940 Beads on a String Concept 314
Discovery of Recombination Within the Gene 314
Recombination Between Adjacent Nucleotide Pairs 315
Colinearity Between the Coding Sequence of a Gene
and Its Polypeptide Product 316
A Genetic Definition of the Gene 378
The Complementation Test as an Operational Definition
of the Gene 318
Intragenic Complementation 384
Limitations on the Use of the Complementation Test 384
Complex Gene Protein Relationships 385
Alternate Pathways of Transcript Splicing: Protein
Isoforms 386
Assembly of Genes During Development: Human
Antibody Chains 386
Human Genetics Sidelight: The Human Genome: How
many Genes? 313
The Genetics of Viruses, Bacteria, Transposons, and
Eukaryotic Organelles
A Conversation with Gisela Mosig 393
1 6 THE GENETICS OF VIRUSES 395
A Killer Unleashed 395
The Discovery of Viruses 396
The Origin of Viruses 397
The Structure and Life Cycle of a
Bacterial Virus 397
Mapping the Bacteriophage Genome 399
Phage Phenotypes 400
Genetic Recombination in Phage 400
Genetic Fine Structure 401
Deletion Mapping 403
T4: A Circular Genetic Map but a Linear
Chromosome 406
Genes Within Genes: Bacteriophage ± X 174 408
HIV: A Eukaryotic Virus 410
What Is AIDS? 410
The Structure of HIV 410
The HIV Life Cycle 410
The HIV Genome 413
The Course of HIV Infection 413
Contents XV
1 7 THE GENETICS OF BACTERIA 418
Drug Resistance and Gene Transfer in Bacteria 418
Genetic Exchange in Bacteria: An Overview 419
Mutant Phenotypes in Bacteria 420
Basic Test for Transformation, Conjugation, and
Transduction 421
Transformation 422
The Process of Transformation 422
Transformation and Gene Mapping 423
Conjugation 424
The Discovery of Conjugation 425
F+ X F~ Mating 425
Hfr Conjugation 426
F Conjugation or Sexduction 426
Conjugation and Gene Mapping 421
Mapping Closely Linked Genes 429
On the Origin of Plasmids 429
Transduction 430
The Discovery of Transduction 430
Generalized Transduction 431
Specialized Transduction 431
Transduction and Gene Mapping 433
The Evolutionary Significance of Parasexuality in
Bacteria 43 5
1 8 TRANSPOSABLE GENETIC
ELEMENTS 440
Maize: A Staple Crop with a Cultural Heritage 440
Transposable Elements: An Overview 441
Transposable Elements in Bacteria 442
IS Elements 442
Composite Transposons 443
Tn3 Elements 444
The Medical Significance of Bacterial Transposons 445
Transposable Elements in Eukaryotes 446
Ac and Ds Elements in Maize 446
P Elements and Hybrid Dysgenesis
in Drosophila 448
mariner, an Ancient and Widespread
Transposon 452
Retrotransposons 452
Retroviruslike Elements 453
Retroposons 4 54
Transposable Elements in Humans 454
The Genetic and Evolutionary Significance of
Transposable Elements 456
Transposons and Genome Organization 456
Transposons and Mutation 457
Evolutionary Issues Concerning Transposable
Elements 458
Historical Sidelight: Barbara McCli?itock, The Discoverer of
Transposable Elements 446
Technical Sidelight: Genetic Transfoiynation of Drosophila
with P Elements 451
XVi Cdntents
1 9 THE GENETICS OF MITOCHONDRIA
AND CHLOROPLASTS 462
Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and
the Biological Energy Wheel 462
The Classical Genetics of Organelles 463
Leaf Variegation in Plants 463
Antibiotic Resistance in Chlamydomonas 465
Metabolic Defects in Yeast 461
The Molecular Genetics of Mitochondria 468
Mitochondrial DNA 468
Expression of Mitochondrial Genes 410
Interplay Between Mitochondrial and Nuclear Gene
Products 411
Mitochondrial DNA and Human Disease 471
The Molecular Genetics of Chloroplasts 472
Chloroplast DNA 413
Chloroplast Biogenesis 413
The Origin and Evolution of Mitochondria and
Chloroplasts 474
Eukaryotic Organelles as Endosymbionts 414
The Evolution of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts 415
Human Genetics Sidelight: Using Mitochondrial DNA to
Study Human Evolution 416
Molecular Genetic Analysis
A Conversation with Nancy Wexler 480
20 THE TECHNIQUES
OF MOLECULAR GENETICS 482
Treatment of Pituitary Dwarfism with Human Growth
Hormone 482
Basic Techniques Used to Clone Genes 483
The Discovery of Restriction Endonucleases 483
The Production of Recombinant DNA Molecules In
Vitro 485
Amplification of Recombinant DNA Molecules in
Cloning Vectors 486
Construction and Screening of DNA Libraries 489
Construction of Genomic Libraries 489
Construction ofcDNA Libraries 490
Screening DNA Libraries for Genes of Interest 491
Biological and Physical Containment of Recombinant
DNA Molecules 492
The Manipulation of Cloned DNA Sequences
In Vitro 493
Phagemids: The Biological Purification of DNA Single
Strands 494
In Vitro Site Specific Mutagenesis 491
The Molecular Analysis of DNA, RNA, and Protein 497
Analysis ofDNAs
by Southern Blot Hybridizations 498
Analysis ofRNAs
by Noithern Blot Hybridizations 501
Analysis of Proteins
by Western Blot Techniques 501
The Molecular Analysis of Genes and Chromosomes 502
Amplification ofDNAs by the Polymerase Chain
Reaction (PCR) 503
Physical Maps ofDNA Molecules Based on Restriction
Enzyme Cleavage Sites 503
Nucleotide Sequences: The Ultimate Fine Structure
Maps 505
Technical Sidelight: Detection of a Mutant Gene Causing
Cystic Fibrosis by Southern Blot Analysis 500
21 GENOMICS 514
Human Gene Prospecting in Iceland 514
Genomics: An Overview 518
Correlated Genetic, Cytological, and Physical Maps
of Chromosomes 518
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)
and Microsatellite Maps 519
Cytogenetic Maps 522
Physical Maps and Clone Banks 523
Map Position Based Cloning of Genes 524
Chromosome Walks 525
Chromosome Jumps 526
The Human Genome Project 527
Bacterial Genomes 528
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Yeast) Genome 529
The Caenorhabditds elegans (Nematode) Genome 529
The Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit Fly)
Genome 530
The Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse Ear Cress)
Genome 530
The Human Genome 531
RNA and Protein Assays of Genome Function 536
Expressed Sequences 536
Array Hybridizations and Gene Chips 531
Use of Green Fluorescent Protein
as a Reporter of Protein Synthesis 538
Evolution of Genomes 540
Genome Evolution in the Cereal Grasses 540
Genome Evolution in Mammals 541
Human Genetics Sidelight: The Race to Sequence
the Human Genome 516
22 MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF GENES
AND GENE PRODUCTS 547
Detection of the Tay Sachs Mutation in Eight Cell
Pre embryos 541
Use of Recombinant DNA Technology to Identify
Human Genes 548
Huntingdon s Disease 548
Cystic Fibrosis 551
Molecular Diagnosis of Human Diseases 553
Human Gene Therapy 554
DNA Fingerprints 557
Paternity Tests 558
Forensic Applications 558
Production of Eukaryotic Proteins in Bacteria 560
Human Growth Hormone 560
Proteins with Industrial Applications 560
Transgenic Plants and Animals 561
Transgenic Animals: Microinjection ofDNA into
Fertilized Eggs 561
Transgenic Plants: The Ti Plasmid
of Agrobacterium tumefaciens 563
Blocking Gene Expression with Antisense
RNA 565
Technical Sidelight: GM Foods: Are They Safe? 567
The Regulation of Gene Expression
A Conversation with Mitzi 1. Kuroda 511
23 REGULATION OF GENE
EXPRESSION IN PROKARYOTES AND
THEIR VIRUSES 573
D Herelle s Dream of Treating Dysentery in Humans by
Phage Therapy 513
Constitutive, Inducible, and Repressible Gene
Expression 575
Positive and Negative Control
of Gene Expression 576
Operons: Coordinately Regulated Units of Gene
Expression 578
The Lactose Operon in E. coli: Induction
and Catabolite Repression 580
Induction 581
Catabolite Repression 583
The Tryptophan Operon in E. coli:
Repression and Attenuation 584
Repression 584
Attenuation 584
Bacteriophage Lambda: Lysogeny or Lysis 588
Repression of Lambda Lytic Pathway Genes During
Lysogeny 589
The Lambda Lytic Regulatory Cascade 591
The Lambda Switch: Lytic Development
or Lysogeny 592
Temporal Sequences of Gene Expression
During Phage Infection 594
Translational Control of Gene Expression 594
Post translational Regulatory Mechanisms 596
24 REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION
IN EUKARYOTES 600
African Trypanosomes: A Wardrobe
of Molecular Disguises 600
Spatial and Temporal Regulation
of Eukaryotic Genes 601
Spatial Regulation of Tubulin Genes in Plants 601
Temporal Regulation ofGlobin Genes
in Animals 602
Contents XVii
Ways of Regulating Eukaryotic Gene
Expression 603
Controlled Transcription ofDNA 603
Alternate Splicing ofRNA 603
Cytoplasmic Control of Messenger
RNA Stability 605
Induction of Transcriptional Activity by Environmental
and Biological Factors 605
Temperature: The Heat shock Genes 605
Light: The Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate Carboxylase Genes
in Plants 606
Signal Molecules: Genes That Respond to
Hormones 606
Molecular Control of Transcription in Eukaryotes 608
DNA Sequences Involved in the Control of
Transcription 608
Proteins Involved in the Control
of Transcription: Transcription Factors 610
Gene Expression and Chromosome Organization 613
Transcription in Lampbrush Chromosome Loops 613
Transcription in Polytene Chromosome Puffs 613
Molecular Organization of Transcriptionally Active
DNA 614
Chromatin Remodeling 615
Euchromatin and Heterochromatin 616
Gene Silencing 611
DNA Methylation and Imprinting 620
Gene Amplification 622
Activation and Inactivation of Whole Chromosomes 622
Inactivation ofX Chromosomes in Mammals 622
Hyperactivation ofX Chromosomes in Drosophila 623
Hypoactivation ofX Chromosomes in
Caenorhabditis 624
Technical Sidelight: GAL4, a Transcription Factor That
Regulates the Genes Involved in Galactose Metabolism in
Yeast 611
The Genetic Control of Biological Processes
. / Coni ersation ivith Eric W icschdtis 627
25 THE GENETIC CONTROL OF
ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT 629
Stem Cell Therapy: A Brave New World? 629
The Process of Development in Animals 630
Oogenesis and Fertilization 630
The Embryonic Cleavage Divisions and Blastula
Formation 631
Gastrulation and Morphogenesis 632
Genetic Analysis of Development
in Model Organisms 632
Drosophila as a Model Organism 632
Caenorhabditis as a Model Organism 634
Genetic Analysis of Developmental Pathways 635
Sex Determination in Drosophila 635
Sex Determination in Caenorhabditis 639
XViii Contents
Molecular Analysis of Genes Involved in
Development 640
Maternal Gene Activity in Development 640
Maternal Effect Genes 640
Determination of the Dorsal Ventral and Anterior
Posterior Axes in Drosophila Embryos 641
Zygotic Gene Activity in Development 644
Body Segmentation 644
Specification of Cell Types 646
Organ Formation 648
Genetic Analysis of Development in Vertebrates 649
Vertebrate Homologs of Invertebrate Genes 650
The Mouse: bisertional Mutagenesis, Transgenics, and
Knockout Mutations 650
26 THE GENETIC CONTROL
OF BEHAVIOR 656
Twins and Personality 656
Genetic Analysis of Behavior in Experimental
Animals 657
Nest Cleaning Behavior in Honeybees 651
Biological Rhythms in Drosophila and Mice 658
Sexual Preference in Drosophila 662
Nurturing Behavior in Mice 665
Chromosome Abnormalities and Insights
into Human Behavior 666
Single Gene Mutations and Human Behavior 667
Phenylketonuria 661
Lesch Nyhan Syndrome 661
Huntingdon s Disease 668
Complex Human Behaviors 669
Quantitative Himtan Genetics: The Twin Correlation
Method 669
Intelligence 610
Personality 611
Human Genetics Sidelight: A Genetic Basis for Male
Homosexuality? 664
27 THE GENETIC CONTROL OF THE
TRTEBRATE IMMUNE SYSTEM 674
AIDS Eff/phasizes the Vital Role of the Immune
System 614
The Immune Response: An Overview 675
Components of the Mammalian Immune
System 676
Specialized Cells Mediate the bum tine Response 616
Specialized Proteins Provide hnmunological
Specificity 618
Major Histocovipatibility Antigens: Distinguishing Self
from Nonself 680
The Antibody Mediated (Humoral)
Immune Response 683
The T Cell Mediated (Cellular)
Immune Response 684
Immunological Memory 685
Genome Rearrangements During B Lymphocyte
Differentiation 685
Lambda Light Chain Genes Assembled from. Two Gene
Segments 685
Kappa Light Chain Genes Assembled from Three Gene
Segments 686
Heavy Chain Genes Assembled from Four Gene
Segments 681
Recombination Signal Sequences Control Somatic
Recombination Events 688
Additional Diversity: Variable Joining Sites and
Smnatic Hypermutation 688
Antibody Class Switching 690
Assembly of T Cell Receptor Genes by Somatic
Recombination 690
Regulation of Immunoglobin Gene Expression 691
Allelic Exclusion: Only One Functional Rearrangement
per Cell 691
Heavy Chain Gene Transcription: A Tissue Specific
Enhancer 691
Technical Sidelight: Monoclonal Antibodies: Powerful Probes
for Detecting Proteins and Other Antigens 692
28 THE GENETIC BASIS OF CANCER 695
A Common Killer 695
Cancer: A Genetic Disease 696
The Many Forms of Cancer 696
Cancer and the Cell Cycle 691
A Genetic Basis for Cancer 691
Oncogenes 698
Tumor Inducing Retroviruses and Viral Oncogenes 698
Cellular Homologs of Viral Oncogenes: The Proto
Oncogenes 699
Mutant Cellular Oncogenes and Cancer 101
Chromosome Rea?Tangements and Cancer 102
Tumor Suppressor Genes 703
Inherited Cancers and Knudson s Two Hit
Hypothesis 103
Cellular Roles of Tumor Suppressor Proteins 104
Genetic Pathways to Cancer 711
Human Genetics Sidelight: Cancer and Genetic
Counseling 110
1 he Genetics of the Evolutionary Process
. I (Conversation with Deborah and Brian Charlesworth 111
29 POPULATION AND
EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS 719
Don venous nous? Que sommes nous?
On allons nous? 119
The Emergence of Evolutionary Theory
and Population Genetics 720
Darwin s Theory of Evolution 120
Population Genetics 121
The Theory of Allele Frequencies 722
Estimating Allele Frequencies 122
Relating Genotype Frequencies to Allele Frequencies:
The Hardy Weinberg Principle 122
Applications of the Hardy Weinberg Principle 123
Exceptions to the Hardy Weinberg Principle 124
Using Allelic Frequencies in Genetic Counseling 126
Natural Selection 727
Natural Selection at the Level of the Gene 121
Natural Selection at the Level of the Phenotype 129
Random Genetic Drift 730
Random Changes in Allele Frequencies 130
The Ejfects of Population Size 131
Populations in Genetic Equilibrium 732
Balancing Selection 132
Mutation Selection Balance 135
Mutation Drift Balance 135
Genetic Variation in Natural Populations 737
Phenotypic Variation 131
Polymorphism of Chromosome Structure 138
Genetic Variation at the Molecular Level 138
Contents xix
Speciation 739
Definition of Species 739
Modes of Speciation 740
Human Evolution 743
Humans and the Great Apes 743
Human Evolution in the Fossil Record 743
DNA Sequence Variation and Human
Origins 744
Technical Sidelight: Molecular Evolution and the
Neutral Theory 733
.{ (. onvc/yntimi with Jmiics /•. (Jrow 749
Epilogue: Genetics Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow,
by James F. Crow: A Personal View 751
Bibliography 758
Glossary 765
Answers to Odd Numbered Questions
and Problems 783
Photo and Illustration Credits 802
Index 807
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:07:07Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0471441805 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2002190820 |
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| spelling | Snustad, D. Peter 1940- Verfasser (DE-588)138771332 aut Principles of genetics D. Peter Snustad ; Michael J. Simmons. Epilogue by James F. Crow ; problems edited by H. James Price 3. ed. New York, NY Wiley 2003 XIX, 840 S. Ill. 1 CD-ROM txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverzeichnis S. 758 - 764 Génétique Génétique ram Genetic Techniques Genetics Genetik (DE-588)4071711-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Genetik (DE-588)4071711-2 s DE-604 Simmons, Michael J. Sonstige (DE-588)138771618 oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010006337&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Snustad, D. Peter 1940- Principles of genetics Génétique Génétique ram Genetic Techniques Genetics Genetik (DE-588)4071711-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071711-2 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Principles of genetics |
| title_auth | Principles of genetics |
| title_exact_search | Principles of genetics |
| title_full | Principles of genetics D. Peter Snustad ; Michael J. Simmons. Epilogue by James F. Crow ; problems edited by H. James Price |
| title_fullStr | Principles of genetics D. Peter Snustad ; Michael J. Simmons. Epilogue by James F. Crow ; problems edited by H. James Price |
| title_full_unstemmed | Principles of genetics D. Peter Snustad ; Michael J. Simmons. Epilogue by James F. Crow ; problems edited by H. James Price |
| title_short | Principles of genetics |
| title_sort | principles of genetics |
| topic | Génétique Génétique ram Genetic Techniques Genetics Genetik (DE-588)4071711-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Génétique Genetic Techniques Genetics Genetik Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010006337&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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