Fluorides: first draft
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Geneva
World Health Organization
2002
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Environmental health criteria
227 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XX, 268 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9241572272 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804129417328328704 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA FOR
FLUORIDES
PREAMBLE ix
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS xxi
1. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 1
1.1 Identity, physical and chemical properties and
analytical methods 1
1.2 Sources of human and environmental exposure 1
1.3 Environmental transport, distribution and
transformation 2
1.4 Environmental levels and human exposure 3
1.5 Kinetics and metabolism in humans and laboratory
animals 7
1.6 Effects on laboratory mammals and in vitro test
systems 8
1.7 Effects on humans 10
1.8 Effects on other organisms in the laboratory
and field 11
1.9 Evaluation of human health risks and effects on the
environment 14
1.10 Conclusions 15
2. IDENTITY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES AND ANALYTICAL METHODS 17
2.1 Identity and physical and chemical properties 17
2.2 Analytical methods 18
3. SOURCES OF HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL
EXPOSURE 20
3.1 Natural occurrence 20
3.2 Anthropogenic sources 20
3.2.1 Production and use 20
3.2.1.1 Hydrogen fluoride 20
3.2.1.2 Calcium fluoride 21
3.2.1.3 Sodium fluoride 21
3.2.1.4 Fluorosilicic acid 21
3.2.1.5 Sodium hexafluorosilicate 22
3.2.1.6 Sulfur hexafluoride 22
3.2.1.7 Fluorapatite 22
3.2.1.8 Phosphate fertilizers 22
3.2.2 Emissions 23
4. ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT, DISTRIBUTION
AND TRANSFORMATION 24
4.1 Transport and distribution between media 24
4.1.1 Atmosphere 24
4.1.2 Water and sediment 28
4.1.3 Soil 30
4.2 Speciation and complexation 34
4.2.1 Atmosphere 34
4.2.2 Water 34
4.3 Bioaccumulation 34
5. ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS AND HUMAN
EXPOSURE 38
5.1 Environmental levels 38
5.1.1 Surface water 38
5.1.2 Air 41
5.1.3 Soil 41
5.1.4 Biota 43
5.1.4.1 Aquatic organisms 43
5.1.4.2 Terrestrial organisms 48
5.2 General population exposure 53
5.2.1 Drinking water 53
5.2.2 Food 56
5.2.3 Indoor air 61
5.2.4 Consumer products 63
5.2.5 Intake estimates 63
5.3 Occupational exposure 70
6. KINETICS AND METABOLISM IN HUMANS AND
LABORATORY ANIMALS 71
6.1 Absorption 71
6.1.1 Absorption in humans 71
6.1.2 Absorption in laboratory animals 73
6.2 Distribution and retention 74
6.2.1 Fluoride in blood 74
6.2.2 Distribution in soft tissues 76
6.2.3 Distribution to calcified tissues 76
6.2.4 Transplacental transfer 78
6.2.5 Fluoride levels in human tissues and organs 78
6.3 Elimination 80
6.3.1 Renal handling of fluoride 80
6.3.2 Excretion via breast milk 80
6.3.3 Excretion via faeces, sweat and saliva 81
7. EFFECTS ON LABORATORY MAMMALS AND
IN VITRO TEST SYSTEMS 83
7.1 Single exposure 83
7.2 Short and medium term exposure 84
7.3 Long term exposure and carcinogenicity 86
7.4 Mutagenicity and related end points 92
7.4.1 In vitro genotoxicity 92
7.4.2 In vivo genotoxicity 94
7.5 Reproductive toxicity 95
7.6 Immunotoxicity 97
7.7 Mechanisms of action 97
7.8 Interaction with other substances 97
8. EFFECTS ON HUMANS 100
8.1 General population 100
8.1.1 Acute toxicity 100
8.1.2 Clinical studies 101
8.1.2.1 Skeletal effects 101
8.1.2.2 Haematological, hepatic or renal
effects 102
8.1.3 Epidemiological studies 102
8.1.3.1 Cancer 102
8.1.3.2 Skeletal fluorosis 104
8.1.3.3 Skeletal fracture 111
8.1.3.4 Reproductive effects 116
8.1.3.5 Respiratory effects 116
8.1.3.6 Neurobehavioural effects 117
8.1.3.7 Genotoxic effects 118
8.1.3.8 Dental effects 119
8.1.4 Interactions with other substances 125
8.2 Occupationally exposed workers 126
8.2.1 Case reports 126
8.2.2 Epidemiological studies 126
8.2.2.1 Cancer 126
8.2.2.2 Skeletal effects 127
8.2.2.3 Respiratory effects 128
8.2.2.4 Haematological, hepatic or renal
effects 128
8.2.2.5 Genotoxic effects 128
9. EFFECTS ON OTHER ORGANISMS IN THE
LABORATORY AND FIELD 130
9.1 Laboratory experiments 130
9.1.1 Microorganisms 130
9.1.1.1 Water 130
9.1.1.2 Soil 132
9.1.2 Aquatic organisms 132
,9.1.2.1 Plants 132
9.1.2.2 Invertebrates 133
9.1.2.3 Vertebrates 138
9.1.3 Terrestrial organisms 142
9.1.3.1 Plants 142
9.1.3.2 Invertebrates 148
9.1.3.3 Vertebrates 149
9.2 Field observations 153
9.2.1 Microorganisms 153
9.2.2 Aquatic organisms 153
9.2.3 Terrestrial organisms 154
9.2.3.1 Plants 154
9.2.3.2 Invertebrates 158
9.2.3.3 Vertebrates 158
10. EVALUATION OF HUMAN HEALTH RISKS AND
EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT 163
10.1 Evaluation of human health risks 163
10.1.1 Exposure 163
10.1.2 Hazard identification 164
10.1.3 Exposure response analysis for adverse
effects in bone 170
10.2 Evaluation of effects on the environment 172
10.2.1 Exposure 172
10.2.2 Effects 175
10.2.3 Evaluation 176
11. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
PROTECTION OF HUMAN HEALTH AND THE
ENVIRONMENT 179
11.1 Conclusions 179
11.2 Recommendations 180
12. FURTHER RESEARCH 181
12.1 Health effects research 181
12.2 Environmental effects research 182
13. PREVIOUS EVALUATIONS BY INTERNATIONAL
BODIES 184
REFERENCES 185
RESUME ET CONCLUSIONS 232
RESUMEN Y CONCLUSIONES 251
vii
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:04:48Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9241572272 |
| language | English |
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| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | XX, 268 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2002 |
| publishDateSearch | 2002 |
| publishDateSort | 2002 |
| publisher | World Health Organization |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Environmental health criteria |
| series2 | Environmental health criteria |
| spelling | Fluorides first draft prepared by R. Liteplo, P. Howe, and Heath Malcolm Geneva World Health Organization 2002 XX, 268 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Environmental health criteria 227 Toxikologie (DE-588)4060538-3 gnd rswk-swf Umweltbelastung (DE-588)4061619-8 gnd rswk-swf Fluoride (DE-588)4154841-3 gnd rswk-swf Fluoride (DE-588)4154841-3 s Toxikologie (DE-588)4060538-3 s DE-604 Umweltbelastung (DE-588)4061619-8 s Liteplo, R. G. Sonstige oth Howe, P. Verfasser aut Malcolm, Heath Verfasser aut Environmental health criteria 227 (DE-604)BV000011459 227 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009950420&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Howe, P. Malcolm, Heath Fluorides first draft Environmental health criteria Toxikologie (DE-588)4060538-3 gnd Umweltbelastung (DE-588)4061619-8 gnd Fluoride (DE-588)4154841-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4060538-3 (DE-588)4061619-8 (DE-588)4154841-3 |
| title | Fluorides first draft |
| title_auth | Fluorides first draft |
| title_exact_search | Fluorides first draft |
| title_full | Fluorides first draft prepared by R. Liteplo, P. Howe, and Heath Malcolm |
| title_fullStr | Fluorides first draft prepared by R. Liteplo, P. Howe, and Heath Malcolm |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fluorides first draft prepared by R. Liteplo, P. Howe, and Heath Malcolm |
| title_short | Fluorides |
| title_sort | fluorides first draft |
| title_sub | first draft |
| topic | Toxikologie (DE-588)4060538-3 gnd Umweltbelastung (DE-588)4061619-8 gnd Fluoride (DE-588)4154841-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Toxikologie Umweltbelastung Fluoride |
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