Geographic information systems: an introduction
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York, NY
Wiley
2002
|
| Edition: | 3. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIII, 428 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0471419680 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Bernhardsen, Tor |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Geographic information systems |b an introduction |c Tor Bernhardsen |
| 250 | |a 3. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New York, NY |b Wiley |c 2002 | |
| 300 | |a XIII, 428 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Titel: Geographic information systems
Autor: Bernhardsen, Tor
Jahr: 2002
CONTENTS
Foreword x
Preface xiii
1 Geographical Information Systems and
Graphical Information 1
1.1 Basic Concepts 1
1.2 Socioeconomic Challenges 12
1.3 Benefits of Computerizing Information 21
1.4 Users of GIS 25
2 Historical Development: Geographical Data and GIS 27
2.1 Early Developments 27
2.2 First Automatic Processing of
Geographical Information 31
2.3 The Microprocessor 32
2.4 Recent Developments 34
3 From the Real World to GIS 36
3.1 The Real World 36
3.2 Real-World Model 36
3.3 Data Model 37
3.4 Levels of Measurement 45
3.5 From Database to GIS to Map 46
3.6 Extension of the Traditional GIS Data Model 46
3.7 Conceptual Generalization 50
3.8 Role of Maps in Data Modeling 51
3.9 Extension of the Reality Concept 52
4 Basic Data Models 54
4.1 Introduction 54
4.2 Vector Data Model 55
4.3 Raster Data Models 73
4.4 Automatic Conversion Between Vector and
Raster Models 84
4.5 Vector Versus Raster Models 86
4.6 Attribute Data and Computer Registers 87
4.7 Linking Digital Map and Attribute Information 91
Contents
5 Advanced Data Models
5.1 Terrain Surface Representation
5.2 Three-dimensional Objects
5.3 Representation of Time
5.4 Models for Movable Objects
5.5 Combination of Models
6 Georeferendng Systems
6.1 Datum
6.2 Coordinate Systems
6.3 Map Projection
6.4 UTM
6.5 Coordinate Conversion and Transformation
6.6 Elevation Referencing
6.7 Relative Georeferencing
6.8 Discrete Georeferencing Systems
94
94
102
105
108
111
112
113
115
118
119
121
123
125
127
7 Hardware and Communication Technology for
GIS Applications 130
7.1 Computers 130
7.2 Networks 133
7.3 Displays 137
7.4 Quantizers 139
7.5 Plotters and Other Output Devices 142
8 Basic Software and Databases lor GIS 146
8.1 The Foundation Stones of GIS Software 146
8.2 Operating Systems 148
8.3 Communications Between Users and Computers 148
8.4 Database Management Systems 152
8.5 Computer-Aided Design 164
8.6 Multimedia 164
8.7 World Wide Web 166
8.8 User Requirements 168
8.9 Working Environment 169
9 Data Collection I 170
9.1 Introduction 170
9.2 Digitizing Maps 171
9.3 Scanning 176
9.4 Manual Digitizing or Scanning 184
9.5 Aerial Photographs and Photo Interpretation 185
9.6 Remote Sensing 187
10 Data Collection II 199
10.1 Surveying 199
10.2 Satellite Positioning System 201
vi
Contents
10.3 Photogrammetric Mapping 207
10.4 Collection of Attribute Data 210
10.5 Text Data 214
H Data Quality 215
11.1 Selection Criteria 215
11.2 Measuring Accuracy and Precision 218
11.3 Resolution and Sampling Rate 222
11.4 Data Storage Precision 223
11.5 Positional Accuracy 223
11.6 Attribute Data Accuracy 225
11.7 Temporal Accuracy 227
11.8 Logical Consistency 228
11.9 Completeness 230
11.10 Data Quality Overview Elements 231
11.11 Accessibility 232
11.12 Probable Sources of Error 232
11.13 Quality Control 234
12 Database Implementation and Spatial Indexing 235
12.1 Database 235
12.2 Distributed Databases 239
12.3 Databases for Map Data and Indexing 240
12.4 Partitioning and Indexing 241
12.5 Database Design 244
13 Housekeeping Tools 251
13.1 Introduction 251
13.2 Data-Entry Functions 253
13.3 Importing Existing Digital Data 253
13.4 Organization of Data Storage Operations 254
13.5 Functions for Correcting and Adapting Geometric
Data for Further Use 256
13.6 Editing and Correcting Attribute Data 263
14 Basic Spatial Analysis 265
14.1 Analysis of Spatial Information 265
14.2 Logic Operations 266
14.3 General Arithmetic Operations 267
14.4 General Statistical Operations 268
14.5 Geometric Operations 268
14.6 Search and Report Generation from
Attribute Data 273
14.7 Geometric Data Search and Retrieval 274
14.8 Complex Operations of Attribute Data 275
14.9 Classification and Reclassification 277
vn
Contents
14.10 Integrated Processing of Geometry and Attributes 278
14.11 Overlay 279
14.12 Buffer Zones 283
14.13 Raster Data Overlay 284
14.14 Procedures in Integrated Data Analyses 285
15 Advanced Analysis 28^
15.1 Network and Raster Connectivity Operations 288
15.2 Spatial Interpolation and Proximity Operations 292
15.3 Fuzzy Analysis 297
15.4 GIS Analytic Models 297
15.5 Practical Application of GIS Analytical Functions 300
15.6 Digital Terrain Models 304
15.7 Hydrologie Modeling 309
15.8 Functions for Engineering GIS 311
16 Visualization 313
16.1 Theoretical Foundation 314
16.2 Graphic Generalization 322
16.3 Selecting Map Symbols 323
16.4 Limitations and Potentials of GIS in
Cartographic Communications 324
16.5 Final Comments 327
17 Choosing a GIS: Organizational Issues 329
17.1 Technology and Organization 329
17.2 Phases in Organizational Issues 333
17.3 Development of a Business Concept and the
Identification of Goals 334
17.4 Appraisal of Current Tasks, Users, Data, and
Data Flow 335
17.5 Review of Others Experience with GIS 336
17.6 Identification of User Requirements 337
17.7 Financial Evaluations—Cost-Benefit Analyses 339
17.8 Developing a Strategic Plan 345
17.9 Developing a Logical Data Model 357
17.10 Creating National Geographic Databases and
Developing New Business Sectors 358
18 Choosing a GIS: Technical Issues 361
18.1 Pilot Project 361
18.2 Choosing Hardware and Software for GIS 362
18.3 Contracts 371
18.4 Technical Database Design 372
18.5 Creating a Database 373
18.6 System Operation and Maintenance 374
VIII
Contents
18.7 Safekeeping and Security Routines 374
18.8 Evaluating New Applications 376
19 Standards and Geospatial Infrastructure 377
19.1 Introduction to Standards 377
19.2 Elements for Standardization 380
19.3 Standard Transfer Formats 382
19.4 Special Standardization Elements 387
19.5 Standardization on the Application Level 389
19.6 Metadata 392
19.7 Infrastructure for Georeferenced Data 397
19.8 Data Access and Digital Libraries 401
20 Formal Problems in Establishing GIS 403
20.1 Ownership and Copyright 403
20.2 Cost Recovery and Pricing 404
20.3 Public or Private Organization of Geodata 406
20.4 Example of Strategy for a National Map Service 407
20.5 Data Security 408
21 A Vision for the Future 409
References 414
Index 417
ix
|
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| spelling | Bernhardsen, Tor Verfasser aut Geographic information systems an introduction Tor Bernhardsen 3. ed. New York, NY Wiley 2002 XIII, 428 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Systèmes d'information géographique Systèmes d'information géographique ram Geographic information systems Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 gnd rswk-swf Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009920245&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bernhardsen, Tor Geographic information systems an introduction Systèmes d'information géographique Systèmes d'information géographique ram Geographic information systems Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 gnd |
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| title | Geographic information systems an introduction |
| title_auth | Geographic information systems an introduction |
| title_exact_search | Geographic information systems an introduction |
| title_full | Geographic information systems an introduction Tor Bernhardsen |
| title_fullStr | Geographic information systems an introduction Tor Bernhardsen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geographic information systems an introduction Tor Bernhardsen |
| title_short | Geographic information systems |
| title_sort | geographic information systems an introduction |
| title_sub | an introduction |
| topic | Systèmes d'information géographique Systèmes d'information géographique ram Geographic information systems Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 gnd |
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