Biomechanics of the gastrointestinal tract: new perspectives in motility research and diagnostics
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London [u.a.]
Springer
2003
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XV, 268 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1852335203 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Biomechanics of the gastrointestinal tract |b new perspectives in motility research and diagnostics |c Hans Gregersen |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
Chapter 1 The Concept of Biomechanics 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 What is Biomechanics? 2
1.3 History and Background 3
1.4 Applications of Biomechanics 4
1.4.1 Mechanoreceptors, Peristaltic Reflex and Sensory Function
Testing 4
1.4.2 Smooth Muscle Tone 5
1.4.3 Bolus Transport Mechanics 6
1.4.4 Mechanical Forces, Growth, Remodeling and Morphology 6
1.4.5 Clinical Perspectives 7
1.5 The Bioengineering Approach 7
1.6 Literature 8
Chapter 2 Geometry, Structure and Motor Function of the Gastrointestinal
Tract 11
2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 The Structure and Composition of the Muscle Layers 12
2.2.1 The Main Muscle Coat 12
2.2.2 The Muscle of the Mucosa 13
2.2.3 Organ specific Variations in the Muscle Layers 13
2.3 The Structure and Composition of the Connective Tissue Layers 16
2.3.1 The Submucosa 16
2.3.2 The Subserosa 16
2.3.3 The Lamina Propria 17
2.3.4 Organ specific Variations in the Connective Tissue 17
2.4 The Structure and Composition of the Epithelial Layers 20
2.4.1 The Gastrointestinal Epithelium 20
2.4.2 The Serosa 20
2.4.3 Organ specific Variations in the Epithelial Layers 20
2.5 Intramural Nerves 21
2.5.1 The Myenteric Plexus 21
2.5.2 The Submucosal Plexus 21
2.5.3 The Nerves of the Lamina Propria and Serosa 21
2.5.4 Organ specific Variations in the Intramural Nerves 22
xi
xjj Biomechanics of the Gastrointestinal Tract
2.6 Extramural Nerves 23
2.6.1 The Craniosacral Innervation 23
2.6.2 The Thoracolumbar Innervation 24
2.7 The Mechanical System: Motor and Flow Patterns in Organs 25
2.7.1 Introduction 25
2.7.2 Origin of Rhythmicity 26
2.7.3 Patterns in Various Parts of the Gastrointestinal Tract 27
2.8 Verification of Simplifying Geometric Assumptions and Error
Considerations 36
2.8.1 Determination of the Error when an Elliptical Cross section is
Assumed to be Circular 36
2.8.2 Correction of Data using Casts of the Guinea Pig Duodenum 39
2.8.3 Verification of the Circularity Assumption for the Rat
Oesophagus and Small Intestine 41
2.8.4 The Surface Area and Volume of a Prolate Spheroid 41
2.9 Literature 43
Chapter 3 Basic Mechanical Theory. 45
3.1 Introduction 45
3.2 Stress 48
3.2.1 Stress in Thin walled Cylindrical Pressure Vessels 50
3.2.2 Additional Notes on Laplace s Law 52
3.2.3 The Thick walled Cylinder 53
3.2.4 Computation of Tension in Membranes 53
3.3 Deformation 55
3.3.1 Calculation of 2D Surface Strains 59
3.4 The Stress Strain Relation 59
3.4.1 Computation of Morphometric Parameters in a Cylindrical
Structure based on Experimental Data in Vitro 63
3.4.2 An Approach for Analysis of Strain and Stress in the Wall of the
Gastrointestinal Tract 64
3.5 Viscoelasticity 66
3.6 Numerical Methods 67
3.7 Flow Consideration 68
3.8 Some Notes on other (Commonly Used) Mechanical Parameters 68
3.9 Literature 70
Chapter 4 Biomechanical Methods and Analysis 73
4.1 Conventional Motility Recording Techniques 73
4.1.1 Manometry 73
4.1.2 Serosal Strain Gauge Transducers 75
4.1.3 Measurement of Flow of Luminal Contents along the Gut 75
4.1.4 Non invasive Methods 76
4.2 Balloon Distension 77
4.2.1 Some Notes on Distension Protocols 77
4.2.2 Balloon Techniques. General Consideration of Geometric Factors . 78
4.2.3 Impedance Planimetry 80
4.2.4 Techniques Based on Impedance Planimetry 90
4.2.5 Ultrasonographic Studies in Vivo 91
Contents xiii
4.2.6 Non linear Statistical Method for Analysis of Tension Strain
Data Obtained by Impedance Planimetry or Other Methods 94
4.2.7 Finite Difference Model of the Impedance Planimetry Technique . 95
4.2.8 Determination of Membrane Biaxial Tension During Balloon
Distension 105
4.3 Other Mechanical Techniques and Analytical Approaches 109
4.3.1 Uniaxial Testing Ill
4.3.2 Biaxial and Triaxial Testing 112
4.3.3 Some Notes on Diameter Measurements and Analysis 113
4.3.4 Bending Experiments. Determination of the Elastic Properties
in a Two layer Model 116
4.3.5 Elastic Stiffness Determined with Scanning Acoustic Microscopy . 117
4.3.6 Propagation Speed of Sound Assessment in the Layered Wall
in Vitro by Means of Acoustic Microscopy 118
4.3.7 Model for Determination of Homeostatic Elastic Moduli in Two
Layers of the Oesophagus 120
4.3.8 The Stress Distribution in the Layered Wall of the Oesophagus ... 127
4.4 Literature 131
Chapter 5 Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle Mechanical Behaviour and
Neural Circuits. 137
5.1 Models for the Study of Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle Function,
Motility and Mechanics 137
5.1.1 In Vivo Models 138
5.1.2 In Vitro Models 138
5.2 Smooth Muscle 140
5.2.1 The Structure of Smooth Muscle 140
5.2.2 Origin of Rhythmicity 141
5.2.3 Origin of Slow Waves 142
5.3 Synapses and Neural Circuits 142
5.4 Sensation 143
5.5 The Importance of Mechanical Data 145
5.5.1 Mechanoreceptors, Peristaltic Reflex Activity and Sensory
Function Testing 145
5.5.2 Disordered Gastrointestinal Motility 147
5.5.3 Ageing related Changes in the Gastrointestinal Tract 150
5.5.4 A Biomechanical View on the Disordered Colorectal Sensation
in Irritable Bowel Syndrome 152
5.6 Hill s Three element Model 154
5.7 What Determines the Shape of the Mechanical Curves 156
5.8 Active Tissue Properties 157
5.8.1 Phasic Contractility 157
5.8.2 Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle Tone 162
5.9 Towards a New Standardised Way for Studying Tone, Secondary
Peristalsis and Visceral Pain Mechanisms in Vivo 169
5.9.1 Clinical Studies with Pressure controlled Stepwise Balloon
Distension using Impedance Planimetry 170
5.9.2 Sensory Assessment 171
5.9.3 Standardisation of the Mechanical Stimulus 172
xiv Biomechanics of the Gastrointestinal Tract
5.9.4 Sensory and Biomechanical Responses to Ramp controlled
Distension of the Human Duodenum 173
5.9.5 The Effect of Ageing on the Tension Strain Curves and Sensation . 177
5.9.6 The Effect of Systemic Sclerosis on the Tension Strain Curves
and Sensation 180
5.9.7 Preliminary Conclusions, Limitations and Perspectives 181
5.10 Multimodal Stimulation Approach 182
5.11 Determination of the Effects of Mechanical Stretch on Smooth Muscle
Cell Cultures 183
5.11.1 Cell Culture 184
5.11.2 Methods for Exposing Cells to Mechanical Stress 185
5.11.3 Image Analysis 187
5.11.4 Viscoelastic Deformation Induced by Micropipette 188
5.12 Literature 189
Chapter 6 The Zero stress State of the Gastrointestinal Tract. The Concept
of Residual Stress and Strain. 197
6.1 Introduction 197
6.2 Experimental Procedures 200
6.3 Geometric Characterisation of the Circumferential Zero stress State 200
6.4 Residual Strain Measures 205
6.5 Bilayer Models 205
6.6 Residual Strain Properties in Longitudinal and Radial Directions 206
6.7 Implications of Residual Strain 208
6.8 Additional Notes on Tissue Buckling 213
6.9 Estimates of the Strain Distribution in the Loaded State 214
6.10 Estimates of Mucosal and Serosal Strains in the No load State 215
6.11 Literature 216
Chapter 7 Mechanical Properties in Normal Gastrointestinal Tissue 219
7.1 Preconditioning Behaviour. Strain Softening 219
7.2 Zero stress State and Stress Strain Properties in the Oesophagus 222
7.2.1 Physiological Remodelling in the Oesophagus During Maturation
and Ageing 223
7.2.2 Bilayer Models of Oesophagus 224
7.3 Morphology, Residual Strains and Stress Strain Properties along the
Small Intestine 225
7.3.1 Notes on the Determination of Longitudinal Residual Strain
and Stress Strain Relationship in Biaxial Experiments in Rat
Small Intestine 228
7.3.2 Physiological Remodelling of Small Intestinal Structure and
Biomechanical Properties During Physiological Growth 229
7.3.3 Time dependent Viscoelastic Properties along the Rat Small
Intestine 230
7.4 Large Intestine 233
7.5 Biliary Tract 234
7.6 Concluding Remarks 234
7.7 Literature 235
Contents xv
Chapter 8 Growth and Remodelling in the Gastrointestinal Tract 237
8.1 Mechanical Forces, Growth, Remodelling, and Morphology 237
8.1.1 Clinical Perspectives 238
8.2 Physiological Remodelling 238
8.2.1 Small Intestinal Remodelling during Fasting and Refeeding 238
8.3 Remodelling due to Interference with the Structural Components of the
Wall 242
8.3.1 Oesophageal Residual Strain Properties in Mutant Osteogenesis
Imperfacta Mice 242
8.3.2 Collagenase and Elastase induced Remodelling in the Rat
Oesophagus 244
8.4 Remodelling Caused by Experimental Diseases 244
8.4.1 Streptozotozin induced Diabetes 245
8.4.2 Surgical Interventions 246
8.4.3 Physical Intervention 250
8.5 Remodelling due to Growth Factors 251
8.5.1 Epidermal Growth Factor 251
8.6 Tissue Remodelling 255
8.7 Literature 255
Chapter 9 Perspectives 261
Index 263
I
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| spelling | Gregersen, Hans Verfasser aut Biomechanics of the gastrointestinal tract new perspectives in motility research and diagnostics Hans Gregersen London [u.a.] Springer 2003 XV, 268 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Biomechanics Digestive System Physiological Phenomena Gastrointestinal Motility Gastrointestinal system Mechanical properties Gastrointestinaltrakt (DE-588)4074445-0 gnd rswk-swf Biomechanik (DE-588)4006880-8 gnd rswk-swf Motilität (DE-588)4114638-4 gnd rswk-swf Gastrointestinaltrakt (DE-588)4074445-0 s Biomechanik (DE-588)4006880-8 s DE-604 Motilität (DE-588)4114638-4 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009906200&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Gregersen, Hans Biomechanics of the gastrointestinal tract new perspectives in motility research and diagnostics Biomechanics Digestive System Physiological Phenomena Gastrointestinal Motility Gastrointestinal system Mechanical properties Gastrointestinaltrakt (DE-588)4074445-0 gnd Biomechanik (DE-588)4006880-8 gnd Motilität (DE-588)4114638-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4074445-0 (DE-588)4006880-8 (DE-588)4114638-4 |
| title | Biomechanics of the gastrointestinal tract new perspectives in motility research and diagnostics |
| title_auth | Biomechanics of the gastrointestinal tract new perspectives in motility research and diagnostics |
| title_exact_search | Biomechanics of the gastrointestinal tract new perspectives in motility research and diagnostics |
| title_full | Biomechanics of the gastrointestinal tract new perspectives in motility research and diagnostics Hans Gregersen |
| title_fullStr | Biomechanics of the gastrointestinal tract new perspectives in motility research and diagnostics Hans Gregersen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomechanics of the gastrointestinal tract new perspectives in motility research and diagnostics Hans Gregersen |
| title_short | Biomechanics of the gastrointestinal tract |
| title_sort | biomechanics of the gastrointestinal tract new perspectives in motility research and diagnostics |
| title_sub | new perspectives in motility research and diagnostics |
| topic | Biomechanics Digestive System Physiological Phenomena Gastrointestinal Motility Gastrointestinal system Mechanical properties Gastrointestinaltrakt (DE-588)4074445-0 gnd Biomechanik (DE-588)4006880-8 gnd Motilität (DE-588)4114638-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Biomechanics Digestive System Physiological Phenomena Gastrointestinal Motility Gastrointestinal system Mechanical properties Gastrointestinaltrakt Biomechanik Motilität |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009906200&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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