Epidemiological studies: a practical guide
This new edition explains the principles and practice of epidemiology and serves as a handbook for those studying the subject or carrying out epidemiological research.
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cambridge
Cambridge Univ. Press
2002
|
| Edition: | 2. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Publisher description Table of contents Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Summary: | This new edition explains the principles and practice of epidemiology and serves as a handbook for those studying the subject or carrying out epidemiological research. |
| Item Description: | Includes index. |
| Physical Description: | XIII, 241 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0521810973 0521009391 |
Staff View
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| 520 | 3 | |a This new edition explains the principles and practice of epidemiology and serves as a handbook for those studying the subject or carrying out epidemiological research. | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
Scope of this volume page xi
Acknowledgements xiv
PART I INTRODUCTION
1 Scope of epidemiological enquiry and overview of main
problem areas 3
1.1 What questions can epidemiology answer? 3
1.2 What are the major issues in conducting epidemiological research? 7
PART II MEASURING THE OCCURRENCE OF DISEASE
2 Which measure of disease occurrence? 13
2.1 Incidence 13
2.2 Prevalence 16
2.3 Choice of measure 17
3 Comparing rates: between and within populations 20
3.1 Introduction 20
3.2 Standardisation 21
3.3 Comparison of rates over time 24
V
vi Contents
PART III STUDYING ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN RISK
FACTORS AND DISEASE
4 Which type of study? 31
4.1 The ecologic study 31
4.2 The migrant study 33
4.3 The cross sectional study 35
4.4 The case control study 37
4.5 The cohort study 39
4.6 Choice of study design 41
5 Which measure of association? 45
5.1 Relative risks 45
5.2 Odds ratios 47
5.3 Attributable risks 48
5.4 Precision of measures in association 49
5.5. Categorisation of exposures 49
PART IV SELECTION OF POPULATIONS AND SAMPLES TO
STUDY
6 Studies of disease occurrence. I: Identification of the population 53
6.1 Representativeness 54
6.2 Access 55
6.3 Population data accuracy 56
6.4 Study size 57
7 Studies of disease occurrence. II: Assessing disease status in study
populations 60
7.1 Approaches to measuring incidence 60
7.2 Use of diagnosed cases: retrospective review or prospective notification? 63
7.3 Defining cases with the catchment population approach 65
7.4 Use of cross sectional population surveys to assess incidence 67
7.5 Approaches to measuring prevalence 68
7.6 Catchment population methods for measuring prevalence 69
7.7 Population surveys 70
7.8 Other (indirect) measures 71
vii Contents
8 Studies of disease causation. I: Selection of subjects for case control
studies 74
8.1 Recruitment of cases 74
8.2 Recruitment of controls 82
8.3 One or two control groups? 87
8.4 Matching 88
8.5 Study size 90
9 Studies of disease causation. II: Selection of subjects for cohort
(longitudinal) studies 93
9.1 Retrospective or prospective study cohorts? 93
9.2 How should exposure be categorised? 95
9.3 Study size 97
PART V INFORMATION FROM EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEYS
10 Collecting information 103
10.1 Interview or subject completing questionnaire? 103
10.2 How to formulate a questionnaire 106
11 Obtaining valid information 111
11.1 Introduction 111
11.2 Sensitivity and specificity 112
11.3 Validity for variables that are not dichotomous 115
11.4 Possible approaches for independent validation 116
11.5 Misclassification 118
12 Repeatability 120
12.1 Introduction 120
12.2 Study designs to measure repeatability 122
13 Maximising participation 128
13.1 Introduction 128
13.2 Reasons for non participation 128
13.3 Maximising participation in follow up 132
viii Contents
14 Conducting a pilot study 138
14.1 Aims 138
PART VI ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA
15 Preparation of survey data for statistical analysis 145
15.1 Introduction 145
15.2 Initial checking for completeness and accuracy 147
15.3 Linkage by subject of data from multiple sources 149
15.4 Development of a data coding schedule 149
15.5 Development of a computer database 151
15.6 Procedure for data entry 153
15.7 Checking for errors in entered data 154
15.8 Missing data 155
15.9 Recoding of entered data 156
15.10 Storage of data and data set 157
16 Introductory data analysis: descriptive epidemiology 158
16.1 Introduction 158
16.2 Incidence rates 158
16.3 Prevalence (proportions) 160
16.4 Crude, age specific and standardised rates 163
17 Introductory data analysis: analytical epidemiology 168
17.1 Introduction 168
17.2 Effect measurement, interval assessment and significance testing 170
17.3 Analysis of case control studies 171
17.4 Analysis of cohort studies 179
17.5 Conclusion 187
18 Confounding 188
18.1 Introduction 188
18.2 Minimising confounding in study design 190
18.3 Conduct of study 191
18.4 Analysis 192
ix Contents
19 Bias 201
19.1 Introduction 201
19.2 Major sources of bias 203
19.3 Selection bias 204
19.4 Information bias 209
19.5 Is an unbiased study ever possible? 212
PART VII OTHER PRACTICAL ISSUES
20 Ethical issues in epidemiology 215
20.1 Introduction 215
20.2 Ethical approval 215
20.3 Ethical constraints in maximising response rate 216
20.4 Confidentiality and data protection 218
20.5 Detection of previously unrecognised disease 221
20.6 Consent 225
21 The costs of epidemiological studies 228
21.1 Costs versus design 228
21.2 Costing an epidemiological study 229
21.3 Possibilities for cost containment 233
21.4 Wasting resources 235
Index 237
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
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| discipline | Medizin |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Silman, Alan J. Verfasser (DE-588)1055083006 aut Epidemiological studies a practical guide Alan J. Silman and Gary J. Macfarlane 2. ed. Cambridge Cambridge Univ. Press 2002 XIII, 241 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes index. This new edition explains the principles and practice of epidemiology and serves as a handbook for those studying the subject or carrying out epidemiological research. Epidemiologie gtt Épidémiologie - Méthodologie Epidemiologic Methods Epidemiology Methodology Epidemiologie (DE-588)4015016-1 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Epidemiologie (DE-588)4015016-1 s 2\p DE-604 Macfarlane, Gary J. Sonstige oth http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam022/2001043361.html Publisher description http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam026/2001043361.html Table of contents HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009890995&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Silman, Alan J. Epidemiological studies a practical guide Epidemiologie gtt Épidémiologie - Méthodologie Epidemiologic Methods Epidemiology Methodology Epidemiologie (DE-588)4015016-1 gnd |
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| title | Epidemiological studies a practical guide |
| title_auth | Epidemiological studies a practical guide |
| title_exact_search | Epidemiological studies a practical guide |
| title_full | Epidemiological studies a practical guide Alan J. Silman and Gary J. Macfarlane |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiological studies a practical guide Alan J. Silman and Gary J. Macfarlane |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiological studies a practical guide Alan J. Silman and Gary J. Macfarlane |
| title_short | Epidemiological studies |
| title_sort | epidemiological studies a practical guide |
| title_sub | a practical guide |
| topic | Epidemiologie gtt Épidémiologie - Méthodologie Epidemiologic Methods Epidemiology Methodology Epidemiologie (DE-588)4015016-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Epidemiologie Épidémiologie - Méthodologie Epidemiologic Methods Epidemiology Methodology Einführung |
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