State estimation in electric power systems: a generalized approach
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boston [u.a.]
Kluwer
1999
|
| Schriftenreihe: | The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science
507 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 394 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0792385195 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 264 | 1 | |a Boston [u.a.] |b Kluwer |c 1999 | |
| 300 | |a XVII, 394 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Electric power systems |x Mathematical models | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Estimation theory | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804129315075391488 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: State estimation in electric power systems
Autor: Monticelli, Alcir José
Jahr: 1999
Contents
Foreword xv
Acknowledgments xvii
1. REAL-TIME MODELING OF POWER NETWORKS 1
1.1 Security Concepts 1
1.2 Network Model Builder 3
1.3 Conventional State Estimation 7
1.4 Economy-Security Control 8
1.5 Generalized State Estimation 10
1.6 Historical Notes and References 12
Chapter References 13
2. LEAST-SQUARES AND MINIMUM NORM PROBLEMS 15
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Linear Least-Squares Problem 16
2.2.1 Problem Formulation 16
2.2.2 Normal Equation 16
2.3 Linear Minimum-Norm Problem 19
2.3.1 Problem Formulation 19
2.3.2 Lagrangian Function 19
2.4 Observability and Controllability 22
2.4.1 Least-Squares Problem 22
2.4.2 Minimum-Norm Problem 23
2.5 Geometric Interpretation 24
2.5.1 Range and Null Spaces 24
2.5.2 Least-Squares Problem 26
2.5.3 Minimum-Norm Problem 26
2.6 Overdetermined Nonlinear Models 28
2.6.1 Gauss Newton Method 28
2.6.2 Newton Raphson Method 29
2.7 Historical Notes and References 33
2.8 Problems 33
viii GENERALIZED STATE ESTIMATION
Chapter References
3. DC STATE ESTIMATOR
3.1 Overview of the DC State Estimator
3.2 State Variables
3.3 Measurement Model
3.4 Solving the Normal Equation
3.5 Phase-Shift Estimation
3.6 Parameter Estimation
3.7 Physical Level Modeling
3.8 Historical Notes and References
3.9 Problems
Chapter References
4. POWER FLOW EQUATIONS
4.1 Network Branch Model
4.1.1 Transmission Line
4.1.2 Transformer
4.1.3 In-phase Transformer
4.1.4 Phase-Shifting Transformer
4.1.5 Unified Branch Model
4.2 Active and Reactive Power Flows
4.2.1 Transmission Line
4.2.2 In-phase Transformer
4.2.3 Phase-Shifting Transformer with akm = 1
4.2.4 Unified Power Flow Equations
4.3 Nodal Formulation of the Network Equations
4.4 Basic Power Flow Problem
4.4.1 Problem Variables
4.4.2 Basic Bus Types
4.4.3 Problem Solvability
4.4.4 Equality and Inequality Constraints
4.5 Newton Raphson Method
4.5.1 Unidimensional Case
4.5.2 Quadratic Convergence
4.5.3 Multidimensional Case
4.6 P0-QV Decoupling
4.7 Linearization
4.7.1 Transmission Line
4.7.2 Series Capacitor
4.7.3 In-Phase Transformer
4.7.4 Phase-Shifter
4.8 Matrix Formulation
4.9 DC Power Flow Model
4.10 Historical Notes and References
4.11 Problems
36
39
39
41
44
49
52
53
55
60
60
61
63
63
63
66
66
69
70
72
72
73
74
76
76
78
78
78
79
79
81
82
85
85
89
91
91
93
94
95
97
99
100
100
Contents IX
Chapter References 101
5. NETWORK REDUCTION AND GAUSS ELIMINATION 103
5.1 Bus Admittance Matrix 103
5.2 Network Reduction and Expansion 105
5.2.1 Network Reduction 105
5.2.2 Network Expansion 109
5.2.3 Paths 115
5.3 LDU Decomposition 116
5.3.1 Gauss Elimination 116
5.3.2 Elementary Matrices 117
5.3.3 Triangular Factorization 119
5.4 Using LDU Factors to Solve Linear Systems 122
5.5 Path Finding 123
5.6 Pivot Ordering to Preserve Sparsity 124
5.7 MDML and MLMD Ordering Schemes 126
5.8 Blocked Formulation of Newton Power Flow 129
5.9 Gain Matrix 131
5.10 Factorization of Rectangular Matrices 135
5.10.1 Partial and Complete Pivoting 135
5.10.2 Factorization 136
5.11 Matrix Inversion Lemma 138
5.12 Historical Notes and References 140
5.13 Problems 141
Chapter References 141
6. NETWORK TOPOLOGY PROCESSING 143
6.1 Conventional Topology Processing 143
6.1.1 Pre-Processing of Raw Data 144
6.1.2 Bus Section Processing 145
6.1.3 Network Connectivity Analysis 147
6.1.4 Topology Processor in Tracking Mode 147
6.1.5 Critical Remarks 148
6.2 Generalized Topology Processing 148
6.2.1 Extended Islands 149
6.2.2 Local State Estimation: Analysis of Good Data and Bad Data 151
6.3 Network Reduction 152
6.3.1 Meter Arrangements 153
6.3.2 NTP and Jacobian Reduction 154
6.4 Historical Notes and References 156
6.5 Problems 157
Chapter References 157
7. OBSERVABILITY ANALYSIS 161
7.1 Bus/Branch Network Model 161
7.1.1 Physical Islands and Observable Islands 162
7.1.2 Basic Topological Algorithm 164
X GENERALIZED STATE ESTIMATION
7.1.3 Reference Angles and Triangular Factorization 165
7.1.4 Unobservable Networks 168
7.1.5 Basic Numerical Algorithm 171
7.1.6 Redundant Measurements 172
7.1.7 Transformable Injection Measurements 174
7.1.8 Observable Islands 175
7.1.9 Irrelevant Injection Measurements 176
7.1.10 Hybrid Algorithm 179
7.1.11 Solvability and Observability 181
7.2 Bus-Section/Switching-Device Network Model 183
7.2.1 Power Flows as State Variables 184
7.2.2 Extended Observable Islands 187
7.2.3 Extended Numerical Observability Algorithm 189
7.3 Measurement Addition to Improve Observability 191
7.3.1 Additional Measurements 191
7.3.2 Avoiding Contamination 192
7.3.3 Measurement Placement Algorithm for the Bus/Branch Model 192
7.3.4 Measurement Placement Algorithm for the Physical Level Model 195
7.4 Historical Notes and References 197
7.5 Problems 197
Chapter References 198
8. BASIC TECHNIQUES FOR BAD DATA PROCESSING 201
8.1 Review of the DC State Estimator 201
8.2 Covariance Matrices 202
8.2.1 Sensitivity Analysis 202
8.2.2 Covariances of Estimated Vectors 204
8.3 Normalized Residuals 208
8.3.1 Covariance Matrix of the Normalized Residuals 208
8.3.2 Correlation Coefficients 209
8.3.3 The Largest Normalized Residual Test 210
8.3.4 Dormant Measurements and Error Estimates 213
8.3.5 Updating the 7(x) Index 215
8.4 Hypotheses Testing 218
8.4.1 The J(x) Detection Test 218
8.4.2 The r Detection and Identification Test 222
8.5 Historical Notes and References 223
8.6 Problems 224
Chapter References 225
9. MULTIPLE BAD DATA PROCESSING TECHNIQUES 227
9.1 Estimation Residuals 227
9.1.1 Partition of Measurement Set 228
9.1.2 Distribution Function 228
9.1.3 Dormant Measurements and Error Estimates 231
9.2 Multiple Normalized Residuals 232
9.2.1 Distribution Function 232
9.2.2 Updating the J(x) Index 235
Contents xi
9.3 Hypotheses Testing 236
9.3.1 Detection Test 236
9.3.2 Identification Test 239
9.4 Testing Equality Constraint Hypotheses 243
9.5 Strategies for Processing Interacting Bad Data 247
9.5.1 Successive Largest Normalized Residual 248
9.5.2 Dormant Measurements and Perfect Measurements 249
9.5.3 Binary Tree Search 252
9.5.4 Tabu Search 256
9.5.5 Localized Solutions, Pocketing and Zooming 258
9.6 Robust Estimators 260
9.6.1 Non-quadratic Estimators 260
9.6.2 Least Absolute Value Estimator 261
9.6.3 Least Median of Squares Estimator 262
9.7 Historical Notes and References 263
9.8 Problems 264
Chapter References 265
10. AC STATE ESTIMATOR 267
10.1 Review of the Problem Formulation 267
10.2 Flow Measurements 268
10.2.1 Power Flow Measurements 268
10.2.2 Current Magnitude Measurements 273
10.3 Bus Injection Measurement 275
10.3.1 Power Injection Measurement 275
10.3.2 Current Magnitude Measurement 280
10.4 Historical Notes and References 281
10.5 Problems 282
Chapter References 282
11. ESTIMATION BASED ON MULTIPLE SCANS OF MEASUREMENTS 283
11.1 State Estimation 283
11.1.1 Tracking State Estimator 283
11.1.2 Linear Dynamic State Estimator 284
11.1.3 Non-Linear Dynamic State Estimator 287
11.2 Parameter Estimation 289
11.2.1 Parameter Estimation by State Augmentation 289
11.2.2 Alternate State-Parameter Estimation 295
11.2.3 Dynamic State-Parameter Estimation 300
11.2.4 Newton Raphson Method - Second Order Derivatives 301
11.2.5 Dormant Parameter Technique 304
11.3 Historical Notes and References 309
11.4 Problems 310
Chapter References 311
12. FAST DECOUPLED STATE ESTIMATOR 313
12.1 Decoupled Solution of Linear System of Equations 313
xii GENERALIZED STATE ESTIMATION
12.1.1 System of Linear Equations 314
12.1.2 3-Step Algorithm 314
12.2 Fast Decoupled Power Flow 316
12.2.1 Newton Raphson Iteration 316
12.2.2 Mid-Iteration Updating 317
12.2.3 Ignoring Branch Series Resistances 317
12.2.4 Extended BX Method 319
12.2.5 Extended XB Method 322
12.2.6 BX Method 323
12.2.7 XB Method 324
12.3 Decoupled Solution of Overdetermined Systems 325
12.3.1 Overdetermined System of Linear Equations 325
12.3.2 3-Step Algorithm 325
12.4 Fast Decoupled State Estimator 326
12.4.1 Gauss Newton Iteration 326
12.4.2 Mid-Iteration Updating 327
12.4.3 Ignoring Branch Series Resistances 328
12.4.4 Extended BX Method 331
12.4.5 Extended XB Method 333
12.4.6 BX Method 334
12.4.7 XB Method 339
12.5 Historical Notes and References 340
12.6 Problems 341
Chapter References 342
13. NUMERICALLY ROBUST STATE ESTIMATORS 343
13.1 Normal Equation 343
13.1.1 Basic formulation 344
13.1.2 Equality Constraints 344
13.2 Sparse Tableau Formulation 347
13.2.1 Basic formulation 347
13.2.2 Equality Constraints 350
13.3 Peters Wilkinson Method 351
13.4 Blocked Sparse Tableau 353
13.5 Mixed Pivoting for Indefinite Matrices 356
13.5.1 Basic Algorithm 356
13.5.2 Sparsity Considerations 357
13.6 Orthogonal Transformation Approach 357
13.6.1 Orthogonal Decomposition of Normal Equation 358
13.6.2 Semi-normal Equation - A Hybrid Approach 361
13.6.3 Sparsity Considerations 362
13.6.4 Observability Analysis 363
13.7 Historical Notes and References 365
13.8 Problems 366
Chapter References 367
Appendices 369
Contents xiii
A-Statistical Properties of Estimated Quantities 369
A.l Distribution of State Estimate 369
A.2 Rank of Weighted Sensitivity Matrix 370
A.2.1 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 370
A.2.2 Weighted Sensitivity Matrix 370
A.2.3 Trace of Covariance Matrix of Measurement Estimates 370
A.2.4 Diagonalization of the Weighted Sensitivity Matrix 371
A.3 The x2 Property of the Least Squares Index 372
A.3.1 The J(x) Performance Index 372
A.3.2 Orthogonal Transformation 372
A.3.3 Covariance Matrix of Transformed Residuals 372
A.3.4 The Xm-n Distribution 373
A.4 Testing Equality Constraint Hypotheses 373
A.5 Historical Notes and References 374
Chapter References 374
B-Givens Rotation 375
B.l Orthogonal Matrices 375
B.l.l 2x2 Orthogonal Matrices 375
B.1.2 Rotations and Reflections 376
B.2 Givens Rotations 378
B.2.1 Standard Givens Rotations 378
B.2.2 Fast Givens Rotations 380
B.2.3 Triangular Factorization 382
B.2.4 The 2-multiplication Algorithm 383
B.3 Historical Notes and References 387
Chapter References 388
Index 389
|
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| id | DE-604.BV014511307 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:03:11Z |
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| isbn | 0792385195 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009885304 |
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| physical | XVII, 394 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1999 |
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| publisher | Kluwer |
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| series | The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science |
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| spelling | Monticelli, Alcir José 1946-2001 Verfasser (DE-588)173695086 aut State estimation in electric power systems a generalized approach A. Monticelli Boston [u.a.] Kluwer 1999 XVII, 394 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science 507 Sistemas elétricos de potência larpcal Mathematisches Modell Electric network analyzers Electric power systems Mathematical models Estimation theory Matrices Elektrizitätsversorgungsnetz (DE-588)4121178-9 gnd rswk-swf Modellierung (DE-588)4170297-9 gnd rswk-swf Elektrizitätsversorgungsnetz (DE-588)4121178-9 s Modellierung (DE-588)4170297-9 s DE-604 The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science 507 (DE-604)BV023545171 507 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009885304&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Monticelli, Alcir José 1946-2001 State estimation in electric power systems a generalized approach The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science Sistemas elétricos de potência larpcal Mathematisches Modell Electric network analyzers Electric power systems Mathematical models Estimation theory Matrices Elektrizitätsversorgungsnetz (DE-588)4121178-9 gnd Modellierung (DE-588)4170297-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4121178-9 (DE-588)4170297-9 |
| title | State estimation in electric power systems a generalized approach |
| title_auth | State estimation in electric power systems a generalized approach |
| title_exact_search | State estimation in electric power systems a generalized approach |
| title_full | State estimation in electric power systems a generalized approach A. Monticelli |
| title_fullStr | State estimation in electric power systems a generalized approach A. Monticelli |
| title_full_unstemmed | State estimation in electric power systems a generalized approach A. Monticelli |
| title_short | State estimation in electric power systems |
| title_sort | state estimation in electric power systems a generalized approach |
| title_sub | a generalized approach |
| topic | Sistemas elétricos de potência larpcal Mathematisches Modell Electric network analyzers Electric power systems Mathematical models Estimation theory Matrices Elektrizitätsversorgungsnetz (DE-588)4121178-9 gnd Modellierung (DE-588)4170297-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sistemas elétricos de potência Mathematisches Modell Electric network analyzers Electric power systems Mathematical models Estimation theory Matrices Elektrizitätsversorgungsnetz Modellierung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009885304&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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