Statistical methods for anaesthesia and intensive care:
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Butterworth-Heinemann
2000
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XV, 152 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0750640650 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
About the authors ix
Foreword by Professor Teik E. Oh xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xvii
1 Data types 1
Types of data 1
categorical 1
ordinal 2
numerical 3
Visual analogue scale 5
2 Descriptive statistics 7
Measures of central tendency 8
mode 8
median 8
mean 8
Degree of dispersion 8
range 8
percentiles 8
variance 8
standard deviation 9
standard error 9
Confidence intervals 10
Frequency distributions 11
normal 12
binomial 14
Poisson 15
Data transformation 16
Rates and proportions 16
Incidence and prevalence 16
Presentation of data 16
3 Principles of probability and inference 19
Samples and populations 19
Inferential statistics 20
definition of probability 21
null hypothesis 21
P value 22
type I and type II error 22
Confidence intervals 23
Sample size and power calculations 24
Parametric and non parametric tests 28
Permutation tests 29
Bayesian inference 30
4 Research design 33
Bias and confounding 33
randomization and stratification 34
Types of research design 34
observation vs. experimentation 34
case reports and case series 35
case control study 36
cohort study 37
association vs. causation 39
randomized controlled trial 39
self controlled and crossover trials 40
Randomization techniques 42
block randomization 42
stratification 42
minimization 43
Blinding 43
Sequential analysis 44
Interim analysis 45
Data accuracy and data checking 46
Missing data 47
Intention to treat 47
5 Comparing groups: numerical data 51
Parametric tests 51
Student s f test 52
analysis of variance (ANOVA) 58
repeated measures ANOVA 60
Non parametric tests 63
Mann Whitney U test (Wilcoxon rank sum test) 64
Wilcoxon signed ranks test 65
Kruskal Wallis ANOVA 65
Friedman two way ANOVA 65
6 Comparing groups: categorical data 68
Chi square 68
Yates correction 71
Fisher s exact test 71
The binomial test 72
McNemar s chi square test 72
Risk ratio and odds ratio 74
Number needed to treat 75
Mantel Haenszel test 76
Kappa statistic 76
7 Regression and correlation 78
Association vs. prediction 78
Assumptions 79
Correlation 80
Spearman rank correlation 82
Regression analysis 82
Non linear regression 85
Multivariate regression 87
Mathematical coupling 89
Agreement 90
8 Predicting outcome: diagnostic tests or predictive equations 94
Sensitivity and specificity 94
Prior probability: incidence and prevalence 95
positive and negative predictive value 95
Bayes theorem 97
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve 98
Predictive equations and risk scores 99
9 Survival analysis 105
What is survival analysis? 105
Kaplan Meier estimate 106
Comparison of survival curves 107
logrank test 108
Cox proportional hazard model 110
The hazards of survival analysis 110
10 Large trials, meta analysis, and evidence based medicine 112
Efficacy vs. effectiveness 112
Why we need large randomized trials in anaesthesia 113
Meta analysis and systematic reviews 114
Evidence based medicine 116
Clinical practice guidelines 118
11 Statistical errors in anaesthesia 122
Prevalence of statistical errors in anaesthesia journals 122
Ethical considerations 123
How to prevent errors 123
What are the common mistakes? 124
no control group 125
no randomization 126
lack of blinding 126
misleading analysis of baseline characteristics 126
inadequate sample size 127
multiple testing, subgroup analyses and interim analysis 127
misuse of parametric tests 128
misuse of Student s t test 129
repeat ( paired ) testing 129
misuse of chi square small numbers 130
standard deviation vs. standard error 130
misuse of correlation and simple linear regression analysis 130
preoccupation with P values 131
overvaluing diagnostic tests and predictive equations 131
A statistical checklist 133
12 How to design a clinical trial 135
Why should anaesthetists do research? 136
Setting up a clinical trial 136
Data and safety monitoring committee 137
Phase I IV drug studies 137
Drug regulations 137
Role of the ethics committee (institutional review board) 139
Informed consent 140
Successful research funding 141
Submission for publication 142
13 Which statistical test to use: algorithms 145
Index 149
|
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:59:42Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0750640650 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Myles, Paul S. Verfasser aut Statistical methods for anaesthesia and intensive care Paul S. Myles and Tony Gin Oxford [u.a.] Butterworth-Heinemann 2000 XV, 152 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Anesthesia - Statistical methods Statistik Anesthesia methods Anesthesiology Statistical methods Clinical Trials as Topic methods Critical care medicine Statistical methods Intensive Care methods Research Design Statistics as Topic methods Gin, Tony Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009744354&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Myles, Paul S. Gin, Tony Statistical methods for anaesthesia and intensive care Anesthesia - Statistical methods Statistik Anesthesia methods Anesthesiology Statistical methods Clinical Trials as Topic methods Critical care medicine Statistical methods Intensive Care methods Research Design Statistics as Topic methods |
| title | Statistical methods for anaesthesia and intensive care |
| title_auth | Statistical methods for anaesthesia and intensive care |
| title_exact_search | Statistical methods for anaesthesia and intensive care |
| title_full | Statistical methods for anaesthesia and intensive care Paul S. Myles and Tony Gin |
| title_fullStr | Statistical methods for anaesthesia and intensive care Paul S. Myles and Tony Gin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Statistical methods for anaesthesia and intensive care Paul S. Myles and Tony Gin |
| title_short | Statistical methods for anaesthesia and intensive care |
| title_sort | statistical methods for anaesthesia and intensive care |
| topic | Anesthesia - Statistical methods Statistik Anesthesia methods Anesthesiology Statistical methods Clinical Trials as Topic methods Critical care medicine Statistical methods Intensive Care methods Research Design Statistics as Topic methods |
| topic_facet | Anesthesia - Statistical methods Statistik Anesthesia methods Anesthesiology Statistical methods Clinical Trials as Topic methods Critical care medicine Statistical methods Intensive Care methods Research Design Statistics as Topic methods |
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