Posttraumatic stress intervention: challenges, issues, and perspectives
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springfield, Ill.
Thomas
2000
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | IX, 225 S. |
| ISBN: | 0398070660 0398070679 |
Staff View
MARC
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
Preface xi
Chapter
1. POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS INTERVENTION:
CHALLENGES, ISSUES, AND PERSPECTIVES 3
Douglas Paton,John M. Violanti, and Chris Dunning
References 9
2. CHALLENGING THE MAINSTREAM: FROM
PATHOGENIC TO SALUTOGENIC MODELS
OF POSTTRAUMA INTERVENTION 10
Cynthia Stuhlmiller and Christine Dunning
Introduction 10
Posttrauma Intervention and the Medical Model 10
Debriefing: Meeting a Human Resource Need 11
The Popularization and Growth of Debriefing 14
What Actually Happens Following Traumatic Incidents? 16
Problems With Debriefing 17
What is a Critical Incident? 18
Differentiating Traumatic and Critical Incident Stress 20
Should Disclosure be Encouraged? 22
Confounding Effects on Effectiveness 25
Can Traumatized Individuals Effectively
Participate in debriefing? 26
Group Versus Individual Participation 27
Is Acute Intervention Necessary? 27
Who Should Administer the Debriefing? 29
The Timing of Intervention 30
Prolonged Needs and Consequences 31
The Need for Professional Involvement? 31
xiii
xiv Posttraumatic Stress Intervention
Ethical Concerns 32
From Pathogenesis to Salutogenesis: A Paradigm Shift 33
Positive Aspects of Trauma Experience 35
References 38
3. THE INTEGRATION OF TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES:
CULTURE AND RESOURCES 43
Gisela Perren Klingler
Introduction 43
Human Reactions to Violence 44
Culturally Independent Reactions to Violence 45
Coping with Violence 46
Working Through Acute Stress Reactions (ASR) 48
Dealing with PTSD: Appropriate Interventions 49
Interventions for Understanding Trauma in Other Cultures 50
Personal Experiences and Interventions 51
Intervention with an American Swiss Patient with Acute PTSD . .51
Intervention with Bosnian Refugees: Autumn/Winter 1994/1995 .53
Early Interventions with Asylum Seekers from Kosovo 57
Structural Similarities in the Interventions Between Cultures 58
Conclusion 61
References 62
4. BRIEF PREVENTION PROGRAMS AFTER TRAUMA 65
I.V.E. CarlierandB.P.R. Gersons
Introduction 65
The Core Elements of Professionalized Trauma Intervention 66
Theories About the Preventive Effects of Debriefing 68
Systematic Research on the Effects of Debriefing 69
Satisfaction Assessments 69
Outcome Evaluations 70
Alternative Programs for PTSD Prevention 72
Discussion 74
References 75
5. THERE ARE NO SIMPLE SOLUTIONS TO
COMPLEX PROBLEMS 81
Richard Gist and Joseph Woodall
Introduction 81
Contents xv
Contemporary Perspectives on Fire Fighter Stress 83
Developing Constructions of Occupational Stress Resilience 84
A Systematic View of Occupational Stress 85
Client Relationships and the CISD Model 86
Pursuing a More Reasoned Course 87
Overview of Occupational Stress, Organizational Strain,
and Personal Reactivity 88
Building Healthy Baseline Behaviors 88
Contributing to and Working Within an Effective
Organizational Climate 88
Controlling CIS (Critical Incident Stress) through
ICS (Incident Command System) 88
Family, Peer, and Professional Support Systems 89
Comparative Tests of the Models 90
Back to Basics 91
References 92
6. THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMATIC DISCLOSURE ON
PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH: THE
VALUES OF WRITING AND TALKING
ABOUT UPSETTING EVENTS 97
James W. Pennebaker
Introduction 97
The Natural Sequence of Coping with Shared Traumas 98
Health Risks of Not Talking About Upheavals 101
Parameters of Writing and Talking Associated with
Health Improvements 102
The Basic Writing Paradigm 102
Effects of Disclosure on Outcome Measures 103
Procedural Differences that Affect the Disclosure Effects 105
Why Does Writing Work? 107
Implications for Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) 109
The Importance of Exploring Why Talking Works 110
The Clear Need for Objective Assessment 110
The Issue of Distancing Ill
Individual Differences Ill
Identifying the Appropriate Outcome Variables Ill
References Ill
xvi Posttraumatic Stress Intervention
7. HARDINESS AS A RESILIENCY FACTOR FOR
U.S. FORCES IN THE GULF WAR 115
Paul T. Bartone
Introduction 115
Hardiness 116
Study 1: Gulf War Active Duty Forces 119
Study 2: Gulf Wax Reserve Forces 120
Results: Study 1 121
Results: Study 2 124
Discussion 126
References 129
8. EARLY POSTTRAUMATIC INTERVENTIONS:
FACILITATING POSSIBILITIES FOR GROWTH 135
Lawrence G. Calhoun and Richard G. Tedeschi
Introduction 135
Posttraumatic Growth 136
Changes in Self 137
Changes in Relationships with Others 138
Changes in Spirituality and life Orientation 139
Interventions: A Posttraumatic Growth Perspective 141
General Considerations for Interventions 142
A Traumatic Incident: Robbery, Hostage, and Suicide 146
References 151
9. SCRIPTING TRAUMA: THE IMPACT OF
PATHOGENIC INTERVENTION 153
JohnM. Violanti
Introduction 153
The Present Script: Pathogenic Models of Intervention 154
Following the Script: The Sick Role 155
A New Approach: Salutogenesis 157
The Individual as an Agent of Change 157
Individual Coping Abilities 158
An Experiment in Coping with High Stress 158
Conclusion 161
Moving Toward a Paradigm Shift 162
References 162
Contents xvii
10. THE FUTURE IS ALWAYS BRIGHTER: TEMPORAL
ORIENTATION AND ADJUSTMENT TO TRAUMA 166
Malcolm D. MacLeod
Introduction 166
Social Cognition and Recovery from Trauma 168
Temporal Orientation as a Conceptual Framework 170
Temporal Disintegration 172
Intrusive Thoughts and Thought Suppression 173
Rumination Processes and Counterfactuals 175
Making Social Comparisons with Ourselves in the Past 178
Is Temporal Perspective Important? 179
What Does This Mean for Current Interventions? 180
References 181
11. WORK RELATED TRAUMATIC STRESS: RISK,
VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE 187
Douglas Paton, Leigh M. Smith, John M. Violanti, and Liisa Erdnen
Introduction 187
A Statistical Model of Vulnerability and Resilience 190
Work Related Traumatic Stress 193
Dispositional Vulnerability and Resilience:
Organizational Assessment 196
Cognitive Resilience: Coherence, Meaning, and Training 197
Environmental Resilience: Organizational Characteristics
and Managerial Behavior 199
Conclusion 201
References 202
12. POSTTRAUMA STRESS INTERVENTION:
PURSUING THE ALTERNATIVES 205
Douglas Paton, John M. Violanti, and Christine Dunning
References 210
Author Index 211
Subject Index 220
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| title | Posttraumatic stress intervention challenges, issues, and perspectives |
| title_auth | Posttraumatic stress intervention challenges, issues, and perspectives |
| title_exact_search | Posttraumatic stress intervention challenges, issues, and perspectives |
| title_full | Posttraumatic stress intervention challenges, issues, and perspectives ed. by John M. Violanti ... |
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