From Cyrus to Alexander: a history of the Persian empire
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English French |
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Winona Lake, IN
Eisenbrauns
2002
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| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XX, 1196 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 1575060310 1575061201 |
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| 240 | 1 | 0 | |a Histoire de l'Empire Perse |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a From Cyrus to Alexander |b a history of the Persian empire |c Pierre Briant |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
List of Illustrations xi
Preface to the English Translation xv
Translator s Preface xix
Introduction: On the Trail of an Empire 1
1. Was There an Achaemenid Empire? 1; 2. From Alexander to Cyrus and Back
Again: Fragments of ego histoire 1; 3. The Historian and His Evidence 5;
4. Space and Time 9; To the Reader 11; Acknowledgments 12
Prologue: The Persians before the Empire 13
1. Why Cyrus? 13; 2. The Founder Legends 14; 3. The Kings of
Ansan 16; 4. Ansan and Susa 17; 5. Persian Society before the Conquests:
Herodotus and Archaeology 18; 6. Ansan, Ecbatana, Babylon, and Susa 21;
7. From the Medes to the Persians 24; 8. Conclusion 27
Part 1
The Empire Builders: From Cyrus to Darius
Chapter 1. The Land Collectors: Cyrus the Great and Cambyses (559 522) 31
1. Medo Persian Hostilities, the Defeat of Astyages, and the Fall of Ecbatana
(553 550) 31; 2. The New International Situation and Cyrus s Projects 33;
3. The Defeat of Croesus and the Establishment of a Mediterranean Front 35;
4. Cyrus in Central Asia 38; 5. The Capture of Babylon (539) 40;
6. Cyrus, Trans Euphrates, and Egypt 44; 7. From Cyrus to Cambyses 49;
8. The Egyptian Campaign (525 522) 50; 9. Cambyses and the Egyptian
Traditions 55
Chapter 2. The Conquest and After: An Interim Summary 62
1. From Cyrus to Darius: Sources and Problems 62; 2. Satraps and
Satrapies 63; 3. Tributes and Gifts 67; 4. Continuities and Adaptations:
The Case of Babylonia 70; 5. From Bactra to Sardis 76; 6. Persians and
Conquered Populations 79; 7. The Seats of Power 84; 8. Royalty and
Authority 89; 9. The King and the Gods 93; 10. Bardiya s Usurpation
(522) 97
Chapter 3. Trouble, Secession, and Rebuilding (522 518) 107
1. Darius Comes to Power (522) 107; 2. Revolts and Reconquests (522—
518) 114; 3. The Aftermath of Victory: The Official Story 122; 4. Darius
and the Six 128; 5. Summary and Perspectives 137
vii
viii Contents
Chapter 4. Darius the Conqueror (520 486) 139
1. The Pursuit of Territorial Expansion (520 513) 139; 2. The Persians in
Europe 141; 3. The Ionian Revolt (500 493) 146; 4. From Thrace to
Memphis (492 486) 156
Part 2
The Great King
Chapter 5. Images of the World 165
1. The Builder King 165; 2. The King and His Peoples: Inscriptions and
Iconography 172; 3. An Idealized Image of Space and Imperial Power 175;
4. Images and Realities: The King among His Peoples 183; 5. Images and
Realities: The Imperial Festivals 195; 6. Royal Table and Royal Paradise:
Exaltation of the Center and Appropriation of Space 200
Chapter 6. Representations of Royalty and Monarchic Ideology 204
1. Sources and Problems 204; 2. The Prince in His Own Mirror 210;
3. The King in Majesty 216; 4. The Good Warrior 225; 5. The King, the
Earth, and the Water 232; 6. Between Men and Gods 240
Chapter 7. People and Life at Court 255
1. Sources and Problems 255; 2. Household Staff 258; 3. The
Eunuchs 268; 4. The Women s Side 277; 5. At the Great King s
Table 286; 6. The Royal Hunts 297; 7. Royal Pomp 299
Chapter 8. The King s Men 302
1. The Giving King 302; 2. Unequal Exchange 316; 3. The King and His
Faithful: The Rationale of the System 324; 4. The King and His Faithful:
The Dynamic of the Contradictions 331; 5. King and Satraps 338; 6. The
King and His Faithful: The Persians, the Greeks, and the Others 347;
7. Achaemenid Royalty and Persian Aristocracy 352
Part 3
Territories, Populations, and the Dependent Economy
Chapter 9. Territories, Communication, and Trade 357
1. The Network of Roads 357; 2. Control of the Imperial Territory 364;
3. Lines of Communication and Trade 377
Chapter 10. Royal Assessments and Tribute 388
1. Sources and Problems 388; 2. Satrapies and Tributes 390; 3. Gifts and
Tribute 394; 4. Tributes, Gifts, and Assessments 399; 5. Payments of
Tribute: Metal and Coin 406; 6. The Administration of Tribute: Continuities
and Adaptations 410; 7. Tribute Economy and Appropriation: Royal Land
and Tribute Land 415
Contents ix
Chapter 11. Persia: Empire and Tribute Economy 422
1. The Persepolis Archives 422; 2. Administrative Hierarchy and
Organization of Production 425; 3. The World of Work: The kurtas 429;
4. Agriculture: Produce and Levies 439; 5. Lands and Estates 442;
6. The Persepolis Tablets and the Imperial Administration: Sources and
Problems 447; 7. The Management of Property and the Royal Warehouses in
Egypt 448; 8. Management of Surpluses 451; 9. Lands and Peasants 456;
10. The King s House 463; 11. Transition 471
Chapter 12. The King of the Lands 472
1. Darius and Egypt 472; 2. Babylonia under Darius 484; 3. Trans
Euphrates 487; 4. From Jerusalem to Magnesia on the Meander 491;
5. Western Asia Minor: Cities, Dynasts, and Empire after the Ionian
Revolt 493; 6. Population Resettlement and Deportation 505; 7. Unity
and Diversity 507
Part 4
From Xerxes to Darius III: An Empire in Turmoil
Chapter 13. Xerxes the Great King (486 465) 515
1. Sources and Problems 515; 2. From Darius to Xerxes 518; 3. From
Sardis to Sardis (480) 528; 4. Xerxes between Two Fronts (480 479) 531;
5. The Persian Defeat: Its Causes and Consequences 535; 6. Xerxes and His
Peoples 543; 7. Xerxes, Ahura Mazda, and Persia 550; 8. Athenian
Offensives and Royal Territories (478 466) 554; 9. Xerxes Western
Strategy 559; 10. From Xerxes to Artaxerxes 563; 11. An Assessment 567
Chapter 14. From the Accession of Artaxerxes I to the Death of
Darius II (465 405/404) 569
1. One King after Another (465) 569; 2. The Egyptian Revolt (ca. 464
454) 573; 3. Trans Euphrates Matters 577; 4. The Asia Minor Eastern
Aegean Front 579; 5. Ezra and Nehemiah in Jerusalem 583; 6. One
King after Another (425 424) 588; 7. Affairs on the Western Front 591;
8. The Great King in His Countries 600
Chapter 15. Artaxerxes II (405/404 359/358) and Artaxerxes III (359/358 338) ... 612
1. The Reign of Artaxerxes II: Sources and Problems 612; 2. The War of the
Two Brothers (404 401) 615; 3. Artaxerxes the Victor 630; 4. Conditions
in Asia Minor and Artaxerxes II s Strategy (400 396) 634; 5. Agesilaus in Asia
Minor (396 394) 637; 6. Achaemenid Successes and Failures: From Asia
Minor to Egypt (ca. 396 ca. 370) 645; 7. Artaxerxes II, His Satraps, and His
Peoples (ca. 366 359/358) 656; 8. At the Heart of Power 675; 9. The Wars
of Artaxerxes III (351 338) 681
x Contents
Part 5
The Fourth Century and the Empire of Darius III
IN THE ACHAEMENID LONGUE DUREE:
A Prospective Assessment
Chapter 16. Lands, Peoples, and Satrapies: Taking Stock
of the Achaemenid World 693
Introduction: In the Steps of Alexander and on the Trail of Darius 693;
I. Sources and Problems 696; 2. The Satrapy of Dascylium 697; 3. From
Sardis to Ephesus 700; 4. From Celaenae to Halicarnassus 705;
5. Pixodarus at Xanthus 707; 6. From Tarsus to Mazaca 709; 7. From
Tarsus to Samaria via Sidon and Jerusalem 713; 8. From Gaza to Petra 716;
9. Egypt from Artaxerxes III to Darius III 717; 10. From Arbela to Susa 719;
II. The Great King, Alexander, and the Peoples of the Zagros Mountains 726;
12. Persepolis, Pasargadae, and Persia 733; 13. From Persepolis to
Ecbatana 737; 14. From Ecbatana to the Halys 741; 15. From Ecbatana to
Cyropolis 743; 16. From the Punjab to the Indus Delta 754; 17. From
Pattala to Susa and Babylon: The Persians and the Persian Gulf 758; 18. An
Appraisal and Some Questions 762
Chapter 17. The Great King, His Armies, and His Treasures 769
1. The Accession of Darius III 769; 2. The Great King and the Persian
Aristocracy 780; 3. The Royal Armies 783; 4. Subject Populations and
Tribute Economy 800; 5. Transition 812
Part 6
The Fall of an Empire (336 330)
Chapter 18. Darius and the Empire Confront Macedonian Aggression 817
I. Territories, Armies, and Strategies 817; 2. Darius and His Faithful 842;
3. The Local Elites, Darius, and Alexander: Popularity and Unpopularity of
Achaemenid Dominion 852; 4. The Death of a Great King (330) 864;
5. The Fall of an Empire 866
Conclusion: From Nabonidus to Seleucus 873
Research Notes 877
List of Abbreviations 1053
Bibliography 1059
Indexes 1125
Index of Sources 1125
Index of Personal Names 1149
Index of Divine Names 1161
Index of Geographical Names 1162
Index of Ancient Words 1173
Index of Topics 1180
List of Illustrations
Maps
1. The Ionian Revolt 147
after Briant 1992b: 81
2. The Empire and its principal routes 366
after Briant 1992: 20 21
3. The itinerary of Cyrus and the Ten Thousand 367
after Xenophon, Anahase, Les Belles Lettres
4. The expedition of Agesilaus 639
after Dugas 1910
5. Peoples and roads of the Zagros 727
after Briant 1976
6. Lands and peoples of the Iranian Plateau and Central Asia under
Achaemenid rule 744
after Briant 1984b: 72
7. Alexander in India and eastern Iran 755
Will et al., he Wk stick (Paris: PUF, 1975) 293
Genealogies
From Artaxerxes I to Artaxerxes II 571
The Succession from Darius II to Darius III 773
Figures
1. Pyramidal tomb at Sardis 87
Cahill 1988
2. Tomb of Cyrus 87
Sancisi Weerdenburg 1982: 76
3. Tomb at Buzpar 87
Vanden Berghe 1964: fig. 8
4. Tomb at Tas Kule 87
Cahill 1988
5. Relief from Palace P at Pasargadae 89
Stronach 1978
6. Winged genius at Pasargadae 91
Sancisi Weerdenberg 1982: 79
7. Seal of Kuras of Ansan (PFS 93*) 91
Garrison 1992: fig. 2
8. Relief at Behistun 125
Sancisi Weerdenburg 1982: 108
xi
xii List of Illustrations
9. Plans of the terraces at Persepolis and Susa 167
Persepolis—Ghirshman 1951; Susa Perrot 1981
10. Peoples bearing the throne (Persepolis: Hall of the Hundred Columns) .... 174
Walser 1966
11. Lower register of throne bearing peoples on the royal tombs 176
Walser 1966
12. Some gift bearing peoples: Medes, Elamites, Parthians,
Aryans, Bactrians, Sagartians 177
Koch 1992
13. Darius and his court as seen in a Greek painting of the fourth century 204
Hamdi and Reinach, Necropole royale de Sidon, 1892: 290
14. Audience scene from the sarcophagus of Alexander 209
vonGraeve 1987: 137
15. Audience scene on a seal impression from Dascylium 210
Musche 1989
16. The tomb of Darius at Naqs i Rustam 211
Porada 1963: fig. 77
17. Royal coinage 214
Stronach 1989b: fig. 1
18. The King, the Persians, and war 215
a b: Artaxerxes III? (Bittner 1985: Taf. 15.1); c: Artaxerxes III? (Dandamaev
1976: Taf. V.A); d: Kuras of Ansan (Amiet 1992: fig. 14); e: seal of the treasury of
Oxus (Moorey 1978: fig. 7); f: seal of Arsama (Moorey 1978: fig. 8)
19. The statue of Darius discovered at Susa 216
CDAFI (1974), fig. 21
20. Relief depicting royal audience from the Treasury at Persepolis 218
Porada 1963: fig. 80
21. Tripylon (Council Hall), south jamb of the eastern doorway 219
Ghirshman 1957: fig. 6
22. Throne Hall, east jamb of the eastern doorway of the southern wall 219
Ghirshman 1957: fig. 8
23. Tripylon (Council Hall), west jamb of the southern doorway 220
Ghirshman 1957: fig. 3
24. Throne Hall, south jamb of the northern doorway in the western wall:
Combat of Royal Hero with a griffin 220
Ghirshman 1957: fig. 9
25. Rows of Persian and Median nobles 221
Roaf 1983: 105
26. The royal chariot at Persepolis 223
Littauerand Crouwel, Wheeled vehicles..., 1979
27. The Royal Hero 224
Moorey 1978: fig. 6; Porada 1963: fig. 85
28. Darius III in battle 229
mosaic of Alexander—Nylander 1983: fig. 2
List of Illustrations xiii
29. Hunt scenes on seals: a seal of Darius, showing the king hunting a lion;
inscribed seal depicting a Mede hunting a wild boar 232
a: Porada 1963: fig. 86; b: Perrot and Chipiez
30. Seal of Xerxes 235
Perrot and Chipiez: fig. 497
31. The Assyrian king with the Tree of Life 236
32. Assurbanipal and the vine arbor 237
Margueron, Les Mesopotamiens, II (1991): 92
33. Magi and sacrifices 244
a: plaque from the treasury at Oxus (Porada 1963: fig. 84); b: stela from Dascylium
(Cumont, Religions orientales, fig. 10); c: seal from the Treasury at Persepolis
(Houtkamp 1991: fig. 1); d: seal impression from Dascylium (Mellink 1988: fig. 12b)
e: animal sacrifice scene (Moorey 1988: fig. 44b); f: relief on the tomb of a Mede
from Qyzapan (Porada 1963: fig. 71)
34. Ahura Mazda 248
Ghirshman 1957: fig. 7
35. Fire altars and cult 249
Houtkamp 1991: fig. 2; Moorey 1988: fig. 44a, c, d
36. Hellenistic Persian coin showing a fire temple 250
Houtkamp 1991
37. Anahita: (a) the king before Anahita? (b) representation of Anahita? 253
Moorey 1979
38. Gate of Darius s palace at Susa (section) 260
CDAFI4 (1974), fig. 17
39. A Scythian cares for his companion
(on a vase from Koul Oba in the Crimea) 266
Minns 1913
40. Servants waiting on tables: Persepolis
(small staircase south of the Tripylon) 292
Ghirshman 1957: fig. 5
41. Selection of Achaemenid vessels 295
Rozenberg 1993: figs. 4, 6, 9
42. Dogs used in the hunt and in battle by the Assyrians 299
Perrot and Chipiez
43. Achaemenid jewelry 306
Musche 1992: CXIV, 1.11; CVII, 1.11; CIV, 6.3.3
44. Statue of Udjahoresnet 473
CAHIV2, fig. 20
45. Stela of the Apis that died in 518 480
CAH IV2, fig. 21
46. Egyptian votive stela 483
CAH IV2, fig. 22
47. Some Babylonian seal impressions, from Cyrus to Xerxes 486
Graziani 1989
48. Inscribed sarcophagus of Esmunazzar 490
xiv List of Illustrations
49. Relief from Building G atXanthus and two Persepolis reliefs 504
(a) Tritsch 1942; (b c) Koch 1992
50. Sidonian coins, Samarian coins, and related evidence 606
(a b) Sidonian coins: Perrot and Chipiez V, figs. 511 512; (c) Cypro Phoenician
silver bowl (Childs 1978: fig. 29); (d e) Samarian coins (Meshorer and Qedar 1991:
nos. 48 and 17); (f) port scene on a Treasury Tablet from Persepolis (CAHIV2,
fig. 3); (g) Assyrian king in chariot; (h) satrap or dynast on a satrap s sarcophagus
(Kleeman 1958: Taf. 32a)
51. Dynastic(?) coinage from Cilicia 611
Perrot and Chipiez V, fig. 517
52. Coin with Aramaic inscription of the name of Tarkumuwa 667
Shahbazi 1980b: fig. 121
5 3. Monument of the Nereids at Xanthus: (a) audience scene;
(b d) banquet scenes 671
FdX, VIII, pis. XXXII, LVI, LX, LIX
54. Parade on Pericles monument at Limyra 673
Borchhardt 1976b
55. Persian relief from Paphlagonia 699
Doncel and Voute 1984
56. Greco Persian objects from Dascylium 700
(a) Kleemann 1958: Taf. 33a; (b c) CAH IV2, fig. 12a, c
57. Seal bearing the name of Manes 704
Masson 1987a
58. Xanthus Trilingual Inscription (FdX VI, 1974) 708
59. Cilician civic coins 710
Perrot and Chipiez V, figs. 514 and 519
60. Persian relief found near Kayseri 712
after Bittel 1952
61. Coins from Samaria and sealings from the Wadi ed Daliyeh 715
Meshorer and Qedar 1991 (a) no. 41; (b) no. 50; (c) no. 16; (d) no. 14; (e) no. 58
(f g) Leith, Wadi Daliyeh I (1990) WD 17
62. Some Murasu seals 722
Legrain 1925
63. Tomb of Artaxerxes II (reconstruction) 734
Flandin and Coste III, pi. 166
64. Unfinished tomb at Persepolis 735
Flandin and Coste III, pi. 162
65. Plan of a qanat (showing profile and vertical views) 807
Goblot 1963
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Briant, Pierre 1940- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)112009263 |
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| building | Verbundindex |
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| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | DS281 |
| callnumber-raw | DS281 |
| callnumber-search | DS281 |
| callnumber-sort | DS 3281 |
| callnumber-subject | DS - Asia |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)48474121 (DE-599)BVBBV014159221 |
| dewey-full | 935/.01 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 935 - Mesopotamia & Iranian Plateau to 637 |
| dewey-raw | 935/.01 |
| dewey-search | 935/.01 |
| dewey-sort | 3935 11 |
| dewey-tens | 930 - History of ancient world to ca. 499 |
| discipline | Geschichte Theologie / Religionswissenschaften |
| era | Geschichte 559 v. Chr.-330 v. Chr. gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 559 v. Chr.-330 v. Chr. |
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| geographic | Iran History To 640 Iran Altertum (DE-588)4072922-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Iran History To 640 Iran Altertum |
| id | DE-604.BV014159221 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:58:44Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1575060310 1575061201 |
| language | English French |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009704927 |
| oclc_num | 48474121 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-384 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-11 DE-188 DE-20 |
| owner_facet | DE-29 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-384 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-11 DE-188 DE-20 |
| physical | XX, 1196 S. Ill. |
| psigel | gbd_JL_Z0208 |
| publishDate | 2002 |
| publishDateSearch | 2002 |
| publishDateSort | 2002 |
| publisher | Eisenbrauns |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Briant, Pierre 1940- Verfasser (DE-588)112009263 aut Histoire de l'Empire Perse From Cyrus to Alexander a history of the Persian empire Pierre Briant Winona Lake, IN Eisenbrauns 2002 XX, 1196 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Achaemenid dynasty <559-330 B.C> Geschichte 559 v. Chr.-330 v. Chr. gnd rswk-swf Achaemeniden gtt Perzen (volk) gtt Geschichte Iran History To 640 Iran Altertum (DE-588)4072922-9 gnd rswk-swf Iran Altertum (DE-588)4072922-9 g Geschichte 559 v. Chr.-330 v. Chr. z DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009704927&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Briant, Pierre 1940- From Cyrus to Alexander a history of the Persian empire Achaemenid dynasty <559-330 B.C> Achaemeniden gtt Perzen (volk) gtt Geschichte |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4072922-9 |
| title | From Cyrus to Alexander a history of the Persian empire |
| title_alt | Histoire de l'Empire Perse |
| title_auth | From Cyrus to Alexander a history of the Persian empire |
| title_exact_search | From Cyrus to Alexander a history of the Persian empire |
| title_full | From Cyrus to Alexander a history of the Persian empire Pierre Briant |
| title_fullStr | From Cyrus to Alexander a history of the Persian empire Pierre Briant |
| title_full_unstemmed | From Cyrus to Alexander a history of the Persian empire Pierre Briant |
| title_short | From Cyrus to Alexander |
| title_sort | from cyrus to alexander a history of the persian empire |
| title_sub | a history of the Persian empire |
| topic | Achaemenid dynasty <559-330 B.C> Achaemeniden gtt Perzen (volk) gtt Geschichte |
| topic_facet | Achaemenid dynasty <559-330 B.C> Achaemeniden Perzen (volk) Geschichte Iran History To 640 Iran Altertum |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009704927&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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