Initiating and sustaining participatory processes: small farmer organization development: case studies from Sri Lanka and the Philippines
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Saarbrücken
Verl. für Entwicklungspolitik Saarbrücken
2002
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| Series: | Nijmegen studies in development and cultural change
35 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Zugl.: Nijmegen, Kath. Univ., Diss., 2002. - Erscheint: 2. Januar 2002 |
| Physical Description: | XIV, 544 S. 21 cm |
| ISBN: | 3881567534 |
Staff View
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| adam_text | vii
Contents
Acknowledgements v
Contents vii
Figures xii
Tables xiv
1 Introduction I
1.1 Participatory approaches to development 4
1.1.1 A concept of participation 5
1.1.2 Sustainable organizations 7
1.2 Objective of the study: research questions 9
1.2.1 Relevance of participatory methodologies 9
1.2.2 Small farmer organization sustainability 10
1.2.3 National contexts 12
1.2.4 Theoretical framework and practical framework: a rationale 13
1.3 Background and history of the study 19
1.4 Outline of the study 20
2 Methodology 24
2.1 Goodness criteria 27
2.1.1 Validity 27
2.1.2 Reliability 28
2.1.3 Objectivity and transparency 28
2.1.4 Representativeness 29
2.2 Case study approaches in Sri Lanka and the Philippines 30
2.2.1 Data gathering methods 31
2.2.1.1 Observation 32
2.2.1.2 Semi structured interviewing 34
2.2.1.3 The timeline method 35
2.2.1.4 Use of written data 37
2.2.2 Methodical frameworks 39
2.2.2.1 Case studies in Sri Lanka 40
2.2.2.2 Case studies in the Philippines 42
3 Theoretical Framework: Methodological Concepts for Participatory
Processes 44
3.1 Participatory research 47
3.1.1 Action research 47
3.1.2 Paulo Freire: conscientization 49
3.1.2.1 Background 50
3.1.2.2 Principles and procedures 50
3.1.2.3 Critical considerations 52
3.1.2.4 Excursus: community organizing 54
3.1.3 Participatory Action Research (PAR) 59
viii
3.1.3.1 Goals and forms of PAR 59
3.1.3.2 Meaning 60
3.1.3.3 Role of the action researcher 61
3.1.3.4 Dealing with social and cultural differences 63
3.1.4 Participatory research and science 65
3.1.5 Participatory Monitoring and On going Evaluation (PMOE) 66
3.2 Farming Systems Research (FSR) 70
3.2.1 Disadvantages of conventional survey methods 71
3.2.2 Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) and others 73
3.2.2.1 Key concepts of RRA 73
3.2.2.2 Limitations of RRA 76
3.2.3 FSR and transfer of technology 77
3.3 Farmer Participatory Research (FPR) 79
3.3.1 Researchers and their institutions:
self assertion or farmer participation? 81
3.3.1.1 Converting fanners? 83
3.3.1.2 Challenges 84
3.3.2 The knowledge conflict 84
3.4 Participatory Appraisal (PRA) 90
3.4.1 The core of PRA 91
3.4.2 Logistics 92
3.4.3 Spread 93
3.4.4 Methods and techniques 93
3.4.5 A critique 96
3.4.5.1 Politics of the encounter 97
3.4.5.2 Diversity and conflict 98
3.4.5.3 PRA in the context of development institutions 98
3.5 Historical review 100
4 Practical Framework: Contextual Determinants for the Development
of Small Farmer Organizations in Sri Lanka 103
4.1 Sources of plurality 110
4.1.1 Ethnicity and religion 113
4.1.2 Caste 114
4.1.3 Gender 116
4.2 A short history of Sri Lanka before independence 117
4.2.1 Pre colonial history 117
4.2.2 Early colonial history 124
4.2.3 Anti colonial resistance 128
4.2.4 The rural economy under British colonialism 131
4.2.4.1 The plantation economy 131
4.2.4.2 The pauperization of the peasantry 134
4.2.4.3 The preservation of the peasantry I 136
4.2.5 The Buddhist revival 139
4.2.6 Dynamics of the Donoughmore Constitution 141
4.2.6.1 Constitutional evolution and early ethnic conflict 141
4.2.6.2 Central government and local organizations 143
ix
4.2.6.3 Political competition and welfare state 145
4.3 Post colonial economy and welfare state 147
4.3.1 The welfare state 148
4.3.2 Before 1977 151
4.3.3 The open economy 152
4.3.3.1 New economic and welfare strategies 152
4.3.3.2 Impacts of civil wars 156
4.3.4 The rural economy 157
4.3.4.1 The preservation of the peasantry II 158
4.3.4.2 Attempts at structural reform 161
4.3.4.3 Structural immiserisation and new transfer economy 162
4.4 The politics of exclusion and violence 168
4.4.1 The politics of communalism 169
4.4.2 Sinhalese expansion 174
4.4.3 Forgotten youth: first insurgency 178
4.4.4 New regime: authoritarianism and liberalization 180
4.4.5 Ethnic conflict: civil war 181
4.4.6 The politics of destruction: nationalist insurgencies 184
4.4.7 The politics of destruction: ethnic cleansing and suicide cult 188
4.4.8 Recent past and outlook 190
4.5 State patronage and rural disempowerment 193
4.5.1 Ensuring compliance 195
4.5.2 Factionalism and new rural leadership 197
4.5.3 Local government and state sponsored organizations 199
4.5.4 Popular disaffection 203
4.5.5 Excursus: civil society in rural development 205
4.6 Summary: Sri Lanka context and SFO development 209
5 Small Farmer Organizations in the FAO
People s Participation Programme for Sri Lanka 211
5.1 The FAO People s Participation Programme (PPP) 212
5.1.1 Historical background 214
5.1.2 Funding and scope 218
5.1.3 Design and action 221
5.2 The PPP in Sri Lanka 230
5.2.1 Physical and institutional settings 230
5.2.2 Project achievements before withdrawal 234
5.2.2.1 Organizational development 235
5.2.2.2 Economic development 241
5.2.2.3 Social development 245
5.3 Case studies of secondary level small fanner organizations 247
5.3.1 Case study 1: Karavilahena village board 247
5.3.2 Case study 2: Bowatennawatta village board 255
5.3.3 Case study 3: Alakolamada and Welangahawatta village boards 264
5.3.4 Case study 4: Padipanchawa village board 273
5.3.5 Case study 5: Kettapahuwa village board 280
5.4 Case studies of small farmer organizations above secondary level 287
X
5.4.1 Case study 6: history of the Matale inter village board 288
5.4.2 Case study 7: history of the Small Farmer Development
Organization (SFDO) 295
5.5 Membership development after project withdrawal 305
5.6 Project design and management a review 310
5.6.1 Spatial rationale 311
5.6.2 Staff policy 315
5.6.3 Allowances and subsidies 317
5.6.4 Excursus: patronage realities 320
5.6.5 PMOE 323
5.6.6 Participatory training 324
5.6.7 Access to institutional credit 325
5.6.8 Group savings and credit 328
5.6.9 Agricultural development 331
5.6.10 Market relations development 332
5.6.11 Livelihood diversification 335
5.7 Donor perception and reality 336
5.8 Comprehensive case study summaries 344
5.8.1 Five village board case studies 344
5.8.2 Case studies of SFOs above village board level 349
6 Small Farmer Organizations in Agrarian Reform in Northern
Mindanao, Philippines 355
6.1 Context and setting 356
6.1.1 Historical setting 357
6.1.2 Political and juridical setting 359
6.1.3 Civil society setting 363
6.1.4 Physical and institutional setting 367
6.2 Case study 8: the Quisumbing United Agrarian Reform
Beneficiaries Association (QUARBA) 374
6.2.1 Indications of social progress 379
6.2.2 Problems and their causes 380
6.2.3 Producing showcases 386
6.3 Case study 9: the Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries
Associations in Baungon 388
6.3.1 The lawsuit 389
6.3.2 The land occupation 391
6.3.3 The dialogue 393
6.3.4 The Bukidnon Integrated Network of Home Industries (BINHI) 394
6.3.5 Excursus: is BINHI a vote buying scheme? 396
6.3.6 Indications of social progress 398
6.4 Comprehensive case study summaries 405
6.5 Epilogue: a changed setting 409
xi
7 Small Farmer Organization Sustainability 418
7.1 Case study synthesis and intermediary conclusions 419
7.2 Success and limitations of participatory research / PMOE 433
7.2.1 PMOE / participatory research in Sri Lanka 434
7.2.1.1 PMOE a summary 434
7.2.1.2 Change through self evaluation? 436
7.2.1.3 Participatory research and state sponsorship in Sri Lanka 439
7.2.2 PRA and the participatory orthodoxy 441
7.2.2.1 Participatory research during implementation 442
7.2.2.2 PRA and PMOE compared 444
7.2.2.3 Beyond implementation final reflections 446
7.3 Bases for action oriented hypotheses for SFO sustainability 449
7.3.1 Inter sectoral cooperation and new institutional settings 450
7.3.2 Improving market relations 458
7.3.3 Pro poor savings and credit organization 462
7.3.4 Promoting entrepreneurship 470
8 Conclusions 479
8.1 Sri Lanka context: a multitude of contradictions 479
8.2 Participatory methodologies: tools for sustainable self management? 482
8.3 SFO sustainability 484
8.3.1 Tertiary level SFOs 485
8.3.2 Secondary level SFOs 487
8.3.3 Hypotheses for development cooperation 493
Abbreviations 499
References 500
Summary 533
Nederlandse samenvatting (Summary in Dutch) 539
Curriculum Vitae 545
xii
Figures
Fig. 3.1 : Action Research Cycle 48
Fig. 3.2 : Spiral of Enquiry 48
Fig. 3.3 : Enquiry Main Focus and Spin off Enquiries 49
Fig. 3.4 : Triangulation 74
Fig. 3.5 : On the spot Analysis 75
Fig. 3.6 : Baskets of Methods used within RRA 76
Fig. 3.7 : Variants of the Transfer of Technology Model 78
Fig. 3.8 : Scope and Nature of Farmer Participatory Research
and Comparisons 82
Fig. 3.9 : The Three Pillars of PRA 92
Fig. 3.10 : Participatory Slum Redevelopment in Dakar, Senegal:
using a self created model 94
Fig. 3.11 : Group visual Synergy in PRA 95
Fig. 3.12 : Typical Seasonal Diagram 95
Fig. 3.13 : Typical Social and Health Map 96
Fig. 3.14 : Methods and Development Lines based directly
or indirectly on PRA 102
Fig. 4 : Map of Sri Lanka: Towns, Districts, Tea Areas and Climatic Zones 112
Fig. 5.1 : Map of Sri Lanka by Districts 231
Fig. 5.2 : Map of Administrative Divisions in the Project Area 231
Fig. 5.3 : Map of Matale and Kurunegala Districts with all Locations
of PPP Village Boards 232
Fig. 5.4 : Development of Membership and Women s Participation
during the Project 236
Fig. 5.5 : Numbers of Group Promoters and Village Boards
during the Project 237
Fig. 5.6 : Organizational Set up of Small Farmer Networks developed
within the PPP Sri Lanka 239
Fig. 5.7 : Development of Average Group Savings per Member in US $ 242
Fig. 5.8 : Development of Individual Savings Accounts in Per Cent of
Membership 242
Fig. 5.9 : Map of Village Board and Group Locations in Rattota Division 266
Fig. 5.10 : Lack of Watershed Authority in Alakolamada 270
Fig. 5.11 : Development of Small Farmer Groups within Village Boards
of the PPP Sri Lanka unti I 1996 308
Fig. 5.12 : Three Models of developing 24 Inter Group Associations 313
Fig. 5.13 : Participatory Training 1991 and 1992: Topics and their Coverage 324
Fig. 5.14 : Development of Average Institutional Credit per Small Farmer
Group in US $ 327
Fig. 6.1 : Island of Mindanao 368
Fig. 6.2 : Sketch Map: Physical Setting 369
Fig. 6.3 : TriPARRD The Institutional Players 371
Fig. 6.4 : Organizational Structure of QUARBA / QFC 376
xiii
Fig. 6.5 : Participation at Work (?) 378
Fig. 6.6 : External Relations of QUARBA/QFC 378
Fig. 6.7 : Mutually Beneficial Influences between Grameen Banking
and a Small Farmer Organization in Place Already 401
Fig. 6.8 : Agencies and Networks Supportive of the Baungon
Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries Associations 404
Fig. 7.1 : Vision of a Small Farmer focused Institutional Setting 457
Fig. 7.2 : Environment for Dynamic Social and Economic Growth
of Small Farming and Micro Enterprises 461
xiv
Tables
Tab.l : Research Objectives, Variables and Parameters 17
Tab.2.1 : Two Case Study Approaches 31
Tab.2.2a : Methodical Framework Case Studies of Higher Level Small
Fanner Organizations within the FAO People s Participation
Programme 40
Tab. 2.2b : Methodical Framework Case Studies of Agrarian Reform
Beneficiaries Organizations in the Philippines 42
Tab. 3 : Four Modes of Farmer Participation in Research 81
Tab. 4.1 : Structure of Commodity Exports, 1946 to 1997 154
Tab. 4.2 : Remittances and Transfers to the Rural Poor 168
Tab. 5.1 : Small Farmer Group Activities during the Project 235
Tab. 5.2 : Active Small Farmer Membership in the PPP Sri Lanka in 1992 236
Tab. 5.3 : Women in Village Board Leadership Positions 246
Tab. 5.4a : Six Village Boards Visited : The Membership in 1998 305
Tab. 5.4b : Six Village Boards Visited : The Membership in 1992 305
Tab. 5.5 : Six Village Boards Visited : Membership Development since 1990 306
Tab. 5.6 : The Sample in Perspective:
Overall Performance of 22 Village Boards 307
Tab. 5.7 : Development of Small Fanner Groups and Individual Membership 308
Tab. 5.8 : Six Village Boards Visited : Savings Credit 328
Tab. 5.9 : Five Village Boards Studied : An Overview 346
Tab. 6 : Tripartite Partnership for Agrarian Reform and Rural
Development Organizational Acronyms 373
Tab. 7 : SFO Sustainability A Case Study Comparison 429
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| genre | (DE-588)4522595-3 Fallstudiensammlung gnd-content (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Fallstudiensammlung Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Philippines Rural conditions Case studies Sri Lanka Rural conditions Case studies Philippinen (DE-588)4045771-0 gnd Sri Lanka (DE-588)4009696-8 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Philippines Rural conditions Case studies Sri Lanka Rural conditions Case studies Philippinen Sri Lanka |
| id | DE-604.BV014063755 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:57:00Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3881567534 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009632347 |
| oclc_num | 50605772 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-739 DE-824 |
| owner_facet | DE-739 DE-824 |
| physical | XIV, 544 S. 21 cm |
| publishDate | 2002 |
| publishDateSearch | 2002 |
| publishDateSort | 2002 |
| publisher | Verl. für Entwicklungspolitik Saarbrücken |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Nijmegen studies in development and cultural change |
| series2 | Nijmegen studies in development and cultural change |
| spelling | Röseberg, Martin Christian Verfasser aut Initiating and sustaining participatory processes: small farmer organization development case studies from Sri Lanka and the Philippines Martin Christian Röseberg Saarbrücken Verl. für Entwicklungspolitik Saarbrücken 2002 XIV, 544 S. 21 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Nijmegen studies in development and cultural change 35 Zugl.: Nijmegen, Kath. Univ., Diss., 2002. - Erscheint: 2. Januar 2002 Boerenorganisaties gtt Participatie gtt Plattelandsontwikkeling gtt Farms, Small Philippines Case studies Farms, Small Sri Lanka Case studies Rural development and Philippines Citizen participation Case studies Rural development and Sri Lanka Citizen participation Case studies Kleinbauer (DE-588)4123525-3 gnd rswk-swf Selbsthilfeorganisation (DE-588)4130274-6 gnd rswk-swf Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd rswk-swf Ländliche Entwicklung (DE-588)4034450-2 gnd rswk-swf Philippines Rural conditions Case studies Sri Lanka Rural conditions Case studies Philippinen (DE-588)4045771-0 gnd rswk-swf Sri Lanka (DE-588)4009696-8 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4522595-3 Fallstudiensammlung gnd-content (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Sri Lanka (DE-588)4009696-8 g Ländliche Entwicklung (DE-588)4034450-2 s Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 s Kleinbauer (DE-588)4123525-3 s Selbsthilfeorganisation (DE-588)4130274-6 s DE-604 Philippinen (DE-588)4045771-0 g Nijmegen studies in development and cultural change 35 (DE-604)BV001788072 35 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009632347&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Röseberg, Martin Christian Initiating and sustaining participatory processes: small farmer organization development case studies from Sri Lanka and the Philippines Nijmegen studies in development and cultural change Boerenorganisaties gtt Participatie gtt Plattelandsontwikkeling gtt Farms, Small Philippines Case studies Farms, Small Sri Lanka Case studies Rural development and Philippines Citizen participation Case studies Rural development and Sri Lanka Citizen participation Case studies Kleinbauer (DE-588)4123525-3 gnd Selbsthilfeorganisation (DE-588)4130274-6 gnd Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd Ländliche Entwicklung (DE-588)4034450-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4123525-3 (DE-588)4130274-6 (DE-588)4326464-5 (DE-588)4034450-2 (DE-588)4045771-0 (DE-588)4009696-8 (DE-588)4522595-3 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Initiating and sustaining participatory processes: small farmer organization development case studies from Sri Lanka and the Philippines |
| title_auth | Initiating and sustaining participatory processes: small farmer organization development case studies from Sri Lanka and the Philippines |
| title_exact_search | Initiating and sustaining participatory processes: small farmer organization development case studies from Sri Lanka and the Philippines |
| title_full | Initiating and sustaining participatory processes: small farmer organization development case studies from Sri Lanka and the Philippines Martin Christian Röseberg |
| title_fullStr | Initiating and sustaining participatory processes: small farmer organization development case studies from Sri Lanka and the Philippines Martin Christian Röseberg |
| title_full_unstemmed | Initiating and sustaining participatory processes: small farmer organization development case studies from Sri Lanka and the Philippines Martin Christian Röseberg |
| title_short | Initiating and sustaining participatory processes: small farmer organization development |
| title_sort | initiating and sustaining participatory processes small farmer organization development case studies from sri lanka and the philippines |
| title_sub | case studies from Sri Lanka and the Philippines |
| topic | Boerenorganisaties gtt Participatie gtt Plattelandsontwikkeling gtt Farms, Small Philippines Case studies Farms, Small Sri Lanka Case studies Rural development and Philippines Citizen participation Case studies Rural development and Sri Lanka Citizen participation Case studies Kleinbauer (DE-588)4123525-3 gnd Selbsthilfeorganisation (DE-588)4130274-6 gnd Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd Ländliche Entwicklung (DE-588)4034450-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Boerenorganisaties Participatie Plattelandsontwikkeling Farms, Small Philippines Case studies Farms, Small Sri Lanka Case studies Rural development and Philippines Citizen participation Case studies Rural development and Sri Lanka Citizen participation Case studies Kleinbauer Selbsthilfeorganisation Nachhaltigkeit Ländliche Entwicklung Philippines Rural conditions Case studies Sri Lanka Rural conditions Case studies Philippinen Sri Lanka Fallstudiensammlung Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009632347&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV001788072 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rosebergmartinchristian initiatingandsustainingparticipatoryprocessessmallfarmerorganizationdevelopmentcasestudiesfromsrilankaandthephilippines |