The applied genetics of plants, animals, humans and fungi:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London
Imperial College Pr.
2000
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XX, 405 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1860941796 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The applied genetics of plants, animals, humans and fungi |c B. C. Lamb |
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | The Applied
Genetics of
Plants, Animals,
Humans and Fungi
B C Lamb
Reader in Genetics
Department of Biology
Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine
London
Imperial College Press
CONTENTS
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION; AIMS OF APPLIED GENETICS;
REVISION OF BASIC GENETIC CONCEPTS AND
TERMINOLOGY 1
1 1 Introduction 1
1 2 The aims of applied genetics in plants, animals, humans and fungi;
the use of genetic variation; improving the harvest index 4
1 3 Revision of basic genetic concepts, definitions and symbols 7
131 Alleles, genes, loci, wild-types and mutants 7
132 Ploidy 8
133 Genotype and phenotype; homozygotes and heterozygotes;
hemizygotes 9
134 Dominance and recessiveness; incomplete dominance and
additive action; primes; over dominance; co-dominance; pure
breeding 9
135 Additive and multiplicative gene action 11
136 Mutation 11
137 Recombination; linkage; syntenic and non-syntenic loci;
coupling and repulsion arrangements 12
138 Allelism and the cis/trans test 14
139 Heritability 15
1 3 10 Selection 16
1 3 11 Populations and population structure 17
1 3 12 Polymorphism - 19
1 3 13 Random mating 19
Suggested reading ~ 20
Chapter 2 THE INHERITANCE AND ANALYSIS OF QUALITATIVE
AND QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS 23
2 1 Single-locus qualitative characters: autosomal loci with complete
dominance, partial dominance, additive action, overdominance;
X-linked and holandric loci 23
XI
xiv Applied Genetics
6 2 Inbreeding and outbreeding, and their consequences; inbreeding
depression 100
6 3 Wright s inbreeding coefficient, F; Wright s equilibrium for genotype
frequencies under inbreeding; calculation of F from pedigrees 102
Suggested reading 109
Chapter 7 MUTATION AND ITS USES 111
7 1 Molecular types of mutation and their revertibility; mutation
frequencies 111
711 Revertibility 111
712 Germ-line and somatic mutations 112
713 Base substitutions 112
714 Frame shifts 113
715 Large deletions 114
716 Unstable length mutations 114
7 2 Spontaneous and induced mutation; mutagenic agents US
721 Spontaneous mutations 115
722 Induced mutations 117
7 3 Mutation control and repair systems 119
731 Mutagen access 119
732 Repair systems • 119
734 Suppressor mutations 120
735 Optimum mutation rates 120
7 4 How different types of mutation can complicate population genetics
calculations 121
7 5 Using induced mutations 122
Suggested reading 123
Chapter 8 RECOMBINATION AND MAPPING 125
8 1 Recombination, genetic distances and the numbers of progeny
needed to get particular recombinants 12S
8 2 Types of recombination and their effects; meiotic and mitotic
crossovers; interference and map functions 127
8 3 Numbers of types of gamete, and of offspring genotypes
and phenotypes, for different numbers of segregating loci 130
Contents xv
8 4 Calculation of the frequencies of particular genotypes and
phenotypes 131
8 5 Mapping, including physical mapping 132
8 6 Locating genes on particular chromosomes, including the use of
pseudodominance, parasexual methods and hybridisation probes 134
861 Pseudodominance 135
862 Parasexual methods 136
863 Hybridisation probes 137
87A practical use of molecular markers in agriculture 137
Suggested reading 138
Chapter 9 STRUCTURAL CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS:
THEIR ORIGINS, PROPERTIES AND USES 141
9 1 Introduction 141
9 2 Deletions 142
9 3 Inversions, paracentric and pericentric; their effects on fertility 144
9 4 Duplications and the origin of new genes 147
9 5 Translocations, single and multiple 148
Suggested reading 151
Chapter 10 CHANGES IN CHROMOSOME NUMBER:
THEIR EFFECTS AND USES 153
10 1 Background 153
10 2 Changes in ploidy 154
10 3 Monoploids 156
10 4 Diploids - 157
10 5 Triploids 157
10 6 Tetraplbids - 158
10 7 Higher polyploids 161
10 8 Loss or gain of single chromosomes: aneuploids, monosomics
and trisomics 162
10 9 Chromosome manipulations and substitutions 162
Suggested reading 165
xvi Applied Genetics
Chapter 11 SUPERNUMERARY (B) CHROMOSOMES 167
11 1 Definition, origins, numbers and size 167
11 1 1 Origin 167
11 1 2 Numbers 167
11 1 3 Size 168
11 2 Effects on phenotype and fertility 168
Suggested reading 170
Chapter 12 BREEDING METHODS AND EXAMPLES 171
12 1 Using hybrid vigour 171
12 1 1 Definition of hybrid vigour (heterosis) 171
12 1 2 Explanations of hybrid vigour 171
12 1 3 Typical Fl hybrid breeding programmes 172
12 1 4 Hybrid maize production 173
12 1 5 Hybrid sprout production 176
12 1 6 Hybrid animals 177
12 2 Selection methods for inbreeders 177
12 2 1 Single line selection 177
12 2 2 Using a mixture of lines, with agricultural mass selection 178
12 2 3 Bulk population breeding 178
12 2 4 Pedigree breeding 179
12 3 Selection methods in outbreeders or random-maters 179
12 4 Recurrent backcrossing for gene transfer 181
12 5 Interspecific and intergeneric hybrids 182
12 5 1 Interspecific hybrids 182
12 5 2 Intergeneric hybrids - 186
12 6 Making polyploids 186
12 7 Examples of plant-and animal breeding programmes 187
12 7 1 Semi-dwarf wheats 187
12 7 2 Broad beans 188
12 7 3 Semi-leafless combining pea 188
12 7 4 Sheep, including cross-breds and Border Leicesters 189e
12 7 5 Cattle, including Ayrshires 190
12 8 Breeding for shows 193
12 9 Breeding programmes from crosses to selection, to local and
national trials, possible commercial release, and approved lists 194
Suggested reading 197
Contents xvii
Chapter 13 HUMAN AND MEDICAL GENETICS 199
13 1 Introduction 199
13 2 Finding out how or whether characters are inherited: pedigree studies;
twin studies; Hardy-Weinberg analysis ; familial incidence 200
13 2 1 Pedigree studies 200
13 2 2 Twin studies 202
13 2 3 Hardy-Weinberg analysis of populations 205
13 2 4 Familial incidence 205
13 3 Single gene characters and disorders, and their treatments 207
13 3 1 Autosomal genes 207
13 3 2 X-linked genes 213
13 4 Polygenic and multifactorial disorders 214
13 5 X-inactivation and Barr bodies 216
13 6 Sex differences in disease susceptibility 217
13 6 1 X-linked diseases 217
13 6 2 Non-X-linked diseases 218
13 7 Causes of human mutation; cancer 218
13 7 1 UV light 220
13 7 2 Chemicals 220
13 7 3 Ionising radiations 221
13 7 4 Temperature 222
13 7 5 Infection • 223
13 8 Chromosome number abnormalities and chromosome aberrations 223
13 8 1 Human chromosome methods 223
13 8 2 Autosomal abnormalities 225
13 8 3 Sex chromosome abnormalities 227
13 9 Selection before and after birth 228
13 10 Blood groups, especially ABO and Rhesus 230
13 10 1 The ABO blood group 230
13 10 2 The Rhesus blood group
f 231
13 10 3 Blood groups inform animals 232
13 11 The major histocompatibility complex 233
13 12 Prenatal, neonatal and adult screening 234
13 12 1 Amniocentesis 234
13 12 2 Early amniocentesis 235
13 12 3 Chorionic villus sampling 235
13 12 4 Ultrasound screening 236
13 12 5 Maternal blood sampling 236
xviii Applied Genetics
13 12 6 Foetal DNA screening 236
13 12 7 Neonatal screening 238
13 12 8 Adult or adolescent screening 238
13 13 Effects of human inbreeding 240
13 14 Genetic counselling 242
Suggested reading 243
Chapter 14 GENETIC ENGINEERING IN PLANTS, ANIMALS AND
MICRO-ORGANISMS, AND HUMAN GENE THERAPY 245
14 1 Genetic engineering 245
14 1 1 Introduction 245
14 1 2 Restriction endonucleases and ligases 246
14 1 3 Vectors 248
14 1 4 Getting a particular piece of DNA into a vector, and
recognising a clone containing it 249
14 1 5 Site-directed mutagenesis 251
14 1 6 Gene targeting 252
14 1 7 Genetic engineering in plants 253
14 1 8 Genetic engineering in animals 257
14 1 9 Genetic engineering in micro-organisms 260
14 1 10 Some dangers of genetic engineering; the amount of
genetically engineered crops grown 261
14 2 Human gene therapy 264
14 2 1 Introduction 264
14 2 2 Methods for somatic gene therapy 265
14 2 3 Progress 266
Suggested reading 267
Chapter 15 GENETIC VARIATION IN WILD AND AGRICULTURAL
POPULATIONS; GENETIC CONSERVATION 269
15 1 The forces controlling the amounts of variation in a population 269
15 1 1 The forces or processes which increase or maintain
genetic variation within a population 269
15 1 2 The forces or processes which reduce genetic variation
within a population 271
15 1 3 The interactions of forces or processes affecting the
amount of variation within a population 272
Contents xix
15 2 Using a knowledge of the origins of genetic variation to solve
a practical problem 273
15 3 The maintenance of polymorphism in populations 274
15 4 The need for genetic conservation; methods of conservation 276
15 4 1 The need for genetic conservation and the value of some
old varieties 276
15 4 2 Conservation programmes and methods of genetic
conservation 278
Suggested reading 283
Chapter 16 GENETIC METHODS OF INSECT PEST CONTROL 285
16 1 Introduction 285
16 2 The release of sterile insects 286
16 3 The breeding of insect-resistant varieties 288
Suggested reading 290
Chapter 17 REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY IN PLANTS,
ANIMALS AND HUMANS; CROSSING METHODS 291
17 1 Plants 291
17 1 1 Plant sexual reproduction _ 291
17 1 2 Incompatibility in higher plants 296
17 1 3 Crossing methods 298
17 1 4 Getting uniform fruit, seed or bud ripening 300
17 1 5 Somaclonal variation and vegetative propagation 300
17 1 6 Plant protoplast fusion 306
17 1 7 Gene expression and natural and artificial selection at the
haploid stage 306
17 2 Animals 307
17 2 1 Sex ratios 307
17 2 2 Anatomy, progeny per pregnancy, and temperature effects 308
17 2 3 Breeding seasons and oestrous cycles 308
17 2 4 Sperm; natural and artificial insemination 312
17 2 5 Egg transplantation, embryo freezing and animal cloning 315
17 3 Humans 316
Suggested reading 317
xx Applied Genetics
Chapter 18 APPLIED FUNGAL GENETICS 319
18 1 General fungal genetics: life cycles; wild-types and mutants;
spore types; control of sexual and vegetative fusions 319
18 1 1 Life cycles 319
18 1 2 Wild-types and mutants 321
18 1 3 Spores 322
18 1 4 The control of vegetative and sexual fusions 322
18 2 The commercial importance of fungi 323
18 3 Recombination and sexual mapping 324
18 4 The parasexual cycle and parasexual mapping 328
18 5 The induction and isolation of mutants, including auxotrophs 334
18 6 Obtaining improved strains for industry 336
18 6 1 Aims and methods 336
18 6 2 Different aims in different yeasts 338
18 6 3 Penicillin production 340
Suggested reading • 342
Chapter 19 THE ECONOMICS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
AND BREEDING PROGRAMMES 345
19 1 Basic economics: economic systems; price theory; factors
affecting supply and demand; perfect and imperfect competition;
monopolies; inflation 345,
19 1 1 Factors of production; types of economic system 345
19 1 2 Price theory 347
19 1 3 Types of competition 352
19 1 4 Inflation 355
19 2 Economics applied to agriculture 356
19 2 1 Gluts and shortages; how governments intervene in
agriculture; European Union policies 356
19 2 2 Seasonal and perishable produce 360
19 2 3 The value of rarities • - 361
19 2 4 Healthfoods 361
19 2 5 Discounted cashflow assessment of breeding programmes 362
19 2 6 Breeders rights * 364
Suggested reading 365
Colour Plates - 367
Index 395
|
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| spelling | Lamb, Bernard C. Verfasser aut The applied genetics of plants, animals, humans and fungi B. C. Lamb London Imperial College Pr. 2000 XX, 405 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Genetik (DE-588)4071711-2 gnd rswk-swf Genetik (DE-588)4071711-2 s DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009620121&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Lamb, Bernard C. The applied genetics of plants, animals, humans and fungi Genetik (DE-588)4071711-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071711-2 |
| title | The applied genetics of plants, animals, humans and fungi |
| title_auth | The applied genetics of plants, animals, humans and fungi |
| title_exact_search | The applied genetics of plants, animals, humans and fungi |
| title_full | The applied genetics of plants, animals, humans and fungi B. C. Lamb |
| title_fullStr | The applied genetics of plants, animals, humans and fungi B. C. Lamb |
| title_full_unstemmed | The applied genetics of plants, animals, humans and fungi B. C. Lamb |
| title_short | The applied genetics of plants, animals, humans and fungi |
| title_sort | the applied genetics of plants animals humans and fungi |
| topic | Genetik (DE-588)4071711-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Genetik |
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