History of the synapse:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Harwood Acad. Publ.
2001
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | X, 334 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9058231321 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Introduction ix
Chapter 1
The early history of the synapse: from Plato to Sherrington 1
1.1 Plato and Aristotle: vital pneuma is necessary to initiate organ function 1
1.2 Galen: pneuma is conducted and transmitted from nerve to muscle 3
1.3 Descartes: the replacement of pneuma by mechanical corpuscles 4
1.4 Borelli: a corpuscular description of conduction and transmission 7
1.5 Fontana: nerves are composed of many cylinders along each of which conduction occurs 8
1.6 Galvani: electricity is conducted and transmitted not corpuscles 10
1.7 Matteucci and du Bois Reymond: transient electrical changes are conducted (the action potential) 12
1.8 Helmholtz: the action potential has a finite velocity 14
1.9 Kuhne and Auerbach: identifying the structure of nerve endings on muscle and neurons 15
1.10 Cajal: nerve endings are not continuous with the cells on which they impinge 18
1.11 Sherrington: the adoption of the word synapse 22
Chapter 2
Emergence of the concept of transmitter release at peripheral and central synapses 25
2.1 Research on the synapse in the laboratories of Sherrington and Langley before the Great War 25
2.2 Sherrington s concept of the inhibitory and excitatory states of central synapses 27
2.3 Lucas, Adrian, and the electrical concept of the inhibitory state of central synapses 30
2.4 Loewi, Dale and Eccles examine the inhibitory state at autonomic neuromuscular junctions 30
2.5 Eccles develops the electrical concept of the excitatory state at autonomic synapses 32
2.6 Katz, Kuffler and Eccles establish the motor endplate as the paradigm synapse for electrophysiology 34
2.7 Eccles elucidates the electrical signs of the inhibitory and excitatory states of central synapses 36
2.8 Katz s concept of quantal transmitter release at the motor endplate and the vesicle hypothesis 38
2.9 Conclusion: the establishment of Sherrington s concept of the synapse in the central nervous system
and central synaptic transmission 40
Chapter 3
The discovery of acetylcholine and the concept of receptors at synapses 43
3.1 Introduction 43
3.2 Claude Bernard and curarization: the notion of an intermediate zone between nerve and muscle 44
3.3. Paul Ehrlich and the idea of the receptive side chains of cells 45
3.4 John Langley and T.R. Elliott: the emergence of the concept of chemical transmission between
sympathetic nerves and smooth muscle 47
3.5 The action of curare and John Langley s development of the idea of transmitter receptors 50
3.6 The Langley Ehrlich receptor theory 53
3.7 The discovery of acetylcholine and its physiological action at autonomic neuroeffector junctions 54
3.8 The physiological action of acetylcholine in autonomic ganglia 58
3.9 The identity of acetylcholine as the transmitter substance at somatic neuromuscular junctions 59
3.10 The discovery of the physiological action of single acetylcholine receptors 62
3.11 Conclusion 62
Chapter 4
The discovery of adrenaline and the concept of autoreceptors at synapses 65
4.1 Introduction: the discovery of noradrenaline as a transmitter 65
4.2 Early observations leading to the idea of autoreceptors 67
4.3 Direct experimental evidence for autoreceptors 67
4.4 Identification of presynaptic adrenergic autoreceptors different from postsynaptic adrenergic receptors 72
4.5 Presynaptic adrenergic autoreceptors in the central nervous system 72
VI CONTENTS
4.6 Evidence that endogenous autoreceptor mechanisms exist 73
4.7 The ionic basis of the action of alpha 2 adrenoceptors 73
4.8 Conclusion 77
Chapter 5
The discovery of amino acid transmission at synapses in the central nervous system 79
5.1 Introduction 79
5.2 Identification of excitant and depressant amino acids 79
5.3 Glycine accepted as an inhibitory transmitter in the spinal cord 81
5.4 The emergence of GABA as an inhibitory transmitter in the brain 83
5.5 L Glutamate as a neurotransmitter: synaptic excitation, ion fluxes and neurotransmitter transporters 85
5.6 NMDA receptors: the first amino acid receptor identified at central excitatory synapses 87
5.7 Non NMDA receptors at excitatory synapses 88
5.8 GABA receptors 90
5.9 Conclusion 90
Chapter 6
Monoaminergic synapses and schizophrenia: the discovery of neuroleptics 91
6.1 Introduction 91
6.2 Chlorpromazine 91
6.3 Haloperidol 91
6.4 The dopamine hypothesis for neuroleptics 92
6.5 Dopaminergic projections in the brain 95
6.6 Identification of the Drlike and D2 like dopamine receptors 95
6.7 Determination of different classes of dopamine receptors 95
6.8 Clozapine 98
6.9 Distribution of Dj and D2 receptors in the striatum of schizophrenics 99
6.10 Mixed aminergic actions of the neuroleptics: serotonin and dopamine receptor blockade 102
6.11 Cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of dopamine receptors 103
6.12 The time course of action of neuroleptics on dopamine receptors and the emergence of antipsychotic
effects 104
6.13 Conclusion 104
Chapter 7
The discovery of transmitters other than noradrenaline and acetylcholine at synapses in the
peripheral nervous system 105
7.1 Introduction: J.N. Langley, H.H. Dale and non adrenergic, non cholinergic (NANC) transmission 105
7.2 Parasympathetic neuromuscular junctions in the gastrointestinal tract: mechanical studies 108
7.3 Parasympathetic neuromuscular junctions in the gastrointestinal tract: electrophysiological studies 114
7.4 NANC transmission: the new autonomic paradigm 120
7.5 Contemporary views on the identity of NANC inhibitory transmitters 127
7.6 Ionic mechanisms involved in generating the IJP 130
7.7 The secretion of NANC transmitters responsible for the UP 131
7.8 NANC excitatory transmission in the gastrointestinal tract 132
7.9 Conclusion 133
Chapter 8
Development of the concept of a calcium sensor in transmitter release at synapses 135
8.1 Introduction 135
8.2 Calcium is necessary for the release of transmitter 135
8.3 Electrophysiological evidence that calcium is necessary for the release of transmitter: the concept
of a calcium sensor for secretion 137
8.4 The calcium action potential 139
8.5 Are calcium movements across the nerve terminal necessary for evoked secretion? 145
8.6 Direct evidence for calcium entry across the nerve terminal membrane during an impulse 148
8.7 Calcium channels in the nerve terminal 151
8.8 Identification of the calcium sensor molecule 158
8.9 Conclusion 163
CONTENTS VII
Chapter 9
The discovery of quantal secretion and the statistics of transmitter release at synapses 165
9.1 Introduction 165
9.2 Evoked quantal release as a binomial or Poisson variate 165
9.3 Kinetics of release of a quantum 179
9.4 Maximum likelihood estimation of parameters in statistical models of quantal release 186
9.5 Autocorrelation function used to detect quantal release 190
9.6 Model discrimination: statistical methods for discrimination between different statistical models of
transmitter release 194
9.7 Appendix 195
Chapter 10
The discovery of long term potentiation of transmission at synapses 211
10.1 Introduction: the hippocampus, memory and long term potentiation (LTP) 211
10.2 LTP at synapses in the brain 214
10.3 The induction of associative LTP in the brain 218
10.4 The maintenance of associative LTP 223
10.5 Biochemical pathways implicated in the maintenance phase of associative LTP 225
10.6 Evidence that associative LTP is involved in memory 228
10.7 The induction of non associative LTP 230
10.8 Summary and Conclusion 232
Chapter 11
Emergence of the concept of synapse formation molecules 233
11.1 Introduction 233
11.2 Synapse formation in muscle 233
11.3 Synapse formation molecules in muscle and the elimination of polyneuronal innervation 240
11.4 Elimination of polyneuronal innervation during muscle development described by dual constraint
theory 244
11.5 Elimination of polyneuronal innervation during reinnervation of muscles described by dual constraint
theory 252
11.6 Elimination of polyneuronal innervation and establishment of topographical maps in muscle
described by dual constraint theory 260
11.7 Identification of the synapse formation molecules 271
11.8 Synapse formation in autonomic ganglia 277
11.9 Elimination of polyneuronal innervation in autonomic ganglia 277
11.10 Elimination of polyneuronal innervation during reinnervation of ganglia 278
11.11 Identification of synapse formation molecules in autonomic ganglia 279
11.12 Conclusion 283
Epilogue 285
References 287
Illustration Acknowledgements 323
Acknowledgements 327
Index 329
|
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Bennett, Maxwell R. 1939- Verfasser (DE-588)136811388 aut History of the synapse Max R. Bennett Amsterdam [u.a.] Harwood Acad. Publ. 2001 X, 334 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte History, 20th Century Research history Synapses Synapses Research History Synaptic Transmission Erforschung (DE-588)4152745-8 gnd rswk-swf Synapse (DE-588)4184224-8 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd rswk-swf Synapse (DE-588)4184224-8 s Erforschung (DE-588)4152745-8 s Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009544314&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bennett, Maxwell R. 1939- History of the synapse Geschichte History, 20th Century Research history Synapses Synapses Research History Synaptic Transmission Erforschung (DE-588)4152745-8 gnd Synapse (DE-588)4184224-8 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4152745-8 (DE-588)4184224-8 (DE-588)4020517-4 |
| title | History of the synapse |
| title_auth | History of the synapse |
| title_exact_search | History of the synapse |
| title_full | History of the synapse Max R. Bennett |
| title_fullStr | History of the synapse Max R. Bennett |
| title_full_unstemmed | History of the synapse Max R. Bennett |
| title_short | History of the synapse |
| title_sort | history of the synapse |
| topic | Geschichte History, 20th Century Research history Synapses Synapses Research History Synaptic Transmission Erforschung (DE-588)4152745-8 gnd Synapse (DE-588)4184224-8 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte History, 20th Century Research history Synapses Synapses Research History Synaptic Transmission Erforschung Synapse |
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